UNIT4 读与练·阅读限时训练二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Hand gestures (手势) have been commonly used in our daily communication.They add to the message by filling in what words sometimes leave behind.But are you somewhat aware of the history that goes behind some of these popular hand gestures? ◆Handshake Whether you're greeting someone for the first time, or successfully negotiating an agreement, shaking hands is usually the go­to gesture.Who decided on this customary gesture, anyway? The history of the handshake dates back to ancient Greece, showing that neither person was carrying a weapon. ◆Thumbs up and thumbs down Maybe you're familiar with the popular story of this hand gesture dating back to Roman times.When a gladiator (角斗士) lost, the crowd would either stick their thumbs out to have him killed or just not make any sign at all.The thumbs up decided the gladiator's fate.After WWII, thumbs up only came to mean that things were going smoothly.And thumbs down meant the opposite. ◆High five According to some sources, the high five first became popular when baseball players performed at Dodger Stadium on October 2, 1977.Glenn Burke, one of the capable players, lifted his arm high above his head and slapped palms with his teammate Dusty Baker to celebrate a milestone home run, marking what is widely regarded as the first recorded example of a high five. ◆The fist bump The fist bump comes from boxers in the 1970s after people began imitating how they touched gloves before a competition.Later, instead of shaking hands, first bumps became popular among basketball players.The gesture soon spread to all basketball lovers, and, before long, to the President of the United States. 1.What did “thumbs up” mean to a gladiator in Roman times? A.Being cheered.　　　　　　　 B.Being killed. C.Being appreciated. D.Being blamed. 2.Which gesture is in celebration of a home run? 　　　　　　 　　　　　A　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B 　　　　　　 　　　　　C　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D 3.Which aspect do all the four gestures mention? A.The history. B.The future. C.The power. D.The importance. [二次精读] 重点 单词 somewhat /'sʌmwɒt/ adv.稍微，有点　　　　negotiate /nɪ'ɡəʊʃieɪt/ v.商定 customary /'kʌstəməri/ adj.习俗的，习惯的 fate/feɪt/ n.命运 capable/'keɪpəb(ə)l/ adj.有能力的；有本领的 imitate /'ɪmɪteɪt/ v.模仿，仿效 重点 短语 add to增加；增添　　　　　　　　　　　leave behind把……抛在后面；遗忘 be aware of意识到，知道 date back to追溯到 语块 积累 the go­to gesture　最重要的姿态 thumbs up 表示赞许、满意、胜利 thumbs down 表示反对、抵制、贬低 celebrate a milestone home run 庆祝一个里程碑式的本垒打 长难句 分析 The history of the handshake dates back to ancient Greece, showing that neither person was carrying a weapon. 握手的历史可以追溯到古希腊，表明两人都没有携带武器。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。showing that neither person was carrying a weapon是现在分词短语作伴随状语，里面含有that 引导的宾语从句。 [背景知识] gladiator：角斗士，又译“剑斗士”，古罗马时代从事专门训练的奴隶、被解放的奴隶、自由人或是战俘，他们手持短剑、盾牌或其他武器，彼此角斗，博得观众的喝彩。在大约两千年之前的罗马帝国，类似的娱乐项目备受欢迎。 B (2024·河北唐山期末)Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high.But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential.The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these nonverbal signals are working together with our words, it creates communication synergy. It has been suggested that two­thirds of our communication is nonverbal.Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate, inspire and engage.It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you're talking about.It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently. Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence.Signals include standing tall, gesturing only from the waist up, head straight and forward, and talking while pointing to others, which are obvious ways to exercise control.But when teaching, the nonverbal signals need to show a different type of leader.These signals convey warmth and understanding, reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow.For example, fix your eyes on one student for about 15­30 seconds before changing to another student, which is one of the best ways to keep students' focus.Nod your head.Give a thumbs up—maybe two! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it. The importance of body language can never be ignored.It's desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills.You should use right, natural and clear body language.It's crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere, inspire students' imagination and grasp students' mood. 4.Which has a similar meaning as the underlined word “synergy” in Paragraph 1? A.Energy loss.　　　　　 B.Confusing result. C.Individual effect. D.Combined power. 5.What do most leadership positions mainly express? A.Warmth. B.Control. C.Understanding. D.Encouragement. 6.What's the purpose of the last paragraph? A.To explain a theory. B.To make a description. C.To give suggestions. D.To summarize a debate. 7.What is the text mainly talking about? A.The importance of teacher's body language. B.The effective ways of good communication. C.The value of teacher­student communication. D.The prospect of students' nonverbal learning. [二次精读] 重点 单词 influential /ˌɪnflu'enʃ(ə)l/ adj.有影响力的，有势力的 acknowledge /ək'nɒlɪdʒ/ v.承认；认可　　　　　　signal/'sɪɡnəl/ n.信号，暗号 approachable/ə'prəʊtʃəbl/ adj.亲切友善的；可接近的 advocate/'ædvəkeɪt/ v.拥护，提倡 重点 短语 lift up提升；振奋　　　　　　　　　 　　 tear down拆除；拆卸 participate in参加；参与 fix one's eyes on凝视；专注地看着…… 语块 积累 keep students' focus保持学生的注意力　　　 on the right path在正确的道路上 grasp students' mood把握学生情绪 长难句 分析 It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you're talking about. 它不仅可以给你你需要教的信心，还可以告诉你的学生，你真的知道你在说什么。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是由not only...but also...连接的动词作并列谓语，you need是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the confidence，that引导的宾语从句中含有what引导的宾语从句。 C (2024·浙江嘉兴期中)Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world. Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically.This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them.However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system.Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies. Again, for non­deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones.Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community.Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so.And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits. There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non­deaf and do not know anyone who is.The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly.And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work.This means that the non­deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them. 8.What is sign language according to the author? A.It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B.It is a complete complex language system. C.It is a primary language of disabled people. D.It is a system of gestures representing words. 9.What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Attempt.　　　　　　　 B.Experiment. C.Incident. D.Feedback. 10.What quality can a non­deaf child who learns sign language acquire? A.Being competitive. B.Being courageous. C.Being responsible. D.Being positive. 11.What conclusion can we draw from the text? A.Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job. B.The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously. C.Non­deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people . D.It's unnecessary for non­deaf person who doesn't know any deaf people to learn sign language. [二次精读] 重点 单词 academically /ˌækə'demɪkli/ adv.　学术上；学业上 mistakenly /mɪ'steɪkənli/ adv. 错误地 diverse/daɪ'vɜːs/ adj. 不同的，各式各样的 embrace /ɪm'breɪs/ v. 拥抱；欣然接受 重点 短语 spill over 溢出　　　　　　　　　give rise to引起，导致，产生 be applied to适用于 There can be no doubt that这是毫无疑问的 whether...or...不管是……还是…… in spite of尽管；不管 语块 积累 gain the benefits　 获得好处 take...lightly 不认真对待 a sense of social responsibility 有社会责任感 长难句 分析 However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. 然而，这也是因为手语并不是像许多人错误地认为的那样，是一个代表单词的手势系统，而是一个完整而复杂的语言系统。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。because引导的表语从句中含有as引导的非限制性定语从句，representing words是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a system of gestures。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·福建福州期末)My high school is one that sets the stage for students to explore new aspects of life.I myself went through this __1__ process and found ASL — American Sign Language. The__2__ began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club __3____ their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very __4__ of communicating without speaking __5__ me.What I saw was __6__ unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me __7__ more. After that, feeling the need to__8__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.I only learned how to __9__ A to Z that day.Yet instead of being __10__ by my slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to __11___ those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I__12__ an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was ____13__.I soon realized that the silence was not __14__.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have __15__ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens. 1.A.ultimate　 　 B.planning　　 　C.natural　　 　 D.searching 2.A.meeting B.story C.accident D.task 3.A.corrected B.performed C.assessed D.discussed 4.A.shortage B.amount C.dream D.idea 5.A.fascinated B.confused C.panicked D.favored 6.A.generally B.partially C.usually D.entirely 7.A.wanting B.detecting C.reacting D.showing 8.A.exercise B.express C.explore D.explain 9.A.transform B.sign C.write D.count 10.A.evaluated B.motivated C.disturbed D.discouraged 11.A.chair B.inquire C.attend D.organize 12.A.passed B.registered for C.gave up D.missed 13.A.banned B.welcomed C.ignored D.repeated 14.A.invisible B.reliable C.unpleasant D.inspiring 15.A.caused B.required C.allowed D.expected 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练二] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。手势在我们的日常交流中已经被广泛使用。它们通过补充单词有时遗漏的内容来补充信息。文章介绍了一些流行手势背后的历史。 1.B　推理判断题。根据◆Thumbs up and thumbs down部分第二句“当一个角斗士输了，观众们要么伸出大拇指想要杀死他，要么根本不做任何手势。竖起的大拇指决定了角斗士的命运”。可推知，“竖起大拇指”在罗马时代意味着角斗士被杀死。故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据◆High five部分第二句“格伦·伯克是一名有能力的球员，他把双手高举过头顶，与队友达斯迪·贝克拍掌庆祝一个里程碑式的全垒打，这被广泛认为是有记录的第一个击掌的例子。”可知，击掌是为了庆祝一个本垒打。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“但是你知道这些流行手势背后的历史吗？”可知，这四个手势都有背后的历史故事。故选A。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。 4.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句“当这些非语言信号与我们的语言一起工作时”可知，肢体语言和语言一起工作时，会产生沟通协同作用。由此推知，画线词synergy为“协同作用”之意。故选D。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“大多数领导职位都鼓励展示权力和自信的肢体语言。信号包括站得笔直、只做腰部以上的手势、头伸直向前、说话时指着别人，这些都是明显的控制方式。”可知，大多数领导职位主要表现为控制。故选B。 6.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“肢体语言的重要性不容忽视。在教学中提倡使用肢体语言，注意使用规则和技巧是可取的。你应该使用正确、自然、清晰的肢体语言。营造良好的课堂氛围，激发学生的想象力，把握学生的情绪至关重要。”可推断，最后一段的目的是给出建议，建议教师在教学中使用肢体语言。故选C。 7.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句“当认识到肢体语言在教学中的重要性时，就会产生最有效的沟通。”和最后一段最后一句“肢体语言的重要性不容忽视。”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。故选A。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手语的优势众多且丰富。学习手语可以为人们带来学术优势，无论他们是否可以听到或耳聋，这种优势还会蔓延到社会和文化领域。 8.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“然而，这也是因为手语并不像许多人错误地认为的那样，是一个代表文字的手势系统，而是一个完整而复杂的语言系统。”可知，作者认为手语是一个完整的复杂的语言系统。故选B。 9.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“无论他们自己是聋哑人，与其他聋哑人住在一起，还是他们不是聋哑人，但不认识聋哑人。学习这门复杂的语言在社会、文化和学术方面的优势是多样的，不应该被轻视。”可知，学习手语对任何人来说都是有好处的，因此是一项有益的努力。由此可知，画线词endeavour与attempt“努力”意思一致。故选A。 10.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“这意味着非聋哑儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感，并被教导去拥抱所有的人——不是无视他们的不同，而是因为他们的不同。”可推知，学习手语使得非聋儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感。故选C。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第一段“大量的科学研究证明，学习手语的儿童，甚至成年人，不仅在与其他手语使用者交流的能力上受益，而且在更广泛的学术领域也受益。”以及下文内容可知，文章论述了学习手语的优势，从学术优势蔓延到社会和文化领域，对聋哑人和非聋哑人，孩子及成年人来说，学习手语都是有益的。由此推知，学习手语的许多好处应该被认真对待。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者接触手语后，对它产生了极大的兴趣，并且坚持学习。 1.D　考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：“我”自己经历了这个搜寻过程，发现了美式手语。A.ultimate终极的；B.planning规划；C.natural自然的；D.searching搜寻，查找。表示并列的and及后面的found可知，设空处表达的意思应该跟“寻找”含义接近，表示作者经过一番搜索后，发现了美式手语。故填D项。 2.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：故事发生在“我”上大学的第一周。A.meeting会议；B.story故事，对往事的叙述；C.accident事故；D.task任务。根据下文“I watched as the ASL Club __3__ their translation of a song.”以及下文“I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.”可知，作者在回忆自己学习美式手语的故事。故选B项。 3.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我”看着美式手语俱乐部表演他们用手语翻译的一首歌。A.corrected 纠正；B.performed 表现，表演；C.assessed评估；D.discussed讨论。根据句中的关键词“watched”以及下文“Both the hand movements and the very __4__ of communicating without speaking __5__ me.”可知，作者看到美式手语社团的成员的用手语来表演一首歌。故选B项。 4.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论是手的动作还是不说话就交流的想法都让“我”着迷。A.shortage短缺；B.amount数量；C.dream梦想；D.idea主意，意图。根据下文“After that, feeling the need to __8__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.”以及此处语境可知，作者看了他们的表演，也有了不用嘴说，而是用手部动作交流的想法，这个想法吸引了作者继续探索。故选D项。 5.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是手的动作还是不说话就交流的想法都让“我”着迷。A.fascinated深深吸引；B.confused使迷惑；C.panicked(使)惊慌；D.favored 赞成。根据下文“After that, feeling the need to __8__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.”以及此处语境可知，作者看了他们的表演后，这种交流方式吸引了作者，让作者着迷。故选A项。 6.D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我”所看到的与“我”过去所经历的完全不同。A.generally大体上；B.partially部分地；C.usually通常地；D.entirely完全地。由下文“unlike anything I had experienced in the past”以及“This newness”可知，作者所经历的和以前完全不一样。故选D项。 7.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种新鲜感让“我”想要更多。A.wanting想要；B.detecting侦探；C.reacting反应；D.showing显示，表明。根据下文“After that, feeling the need to __8__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.”可知，在那之后，作者觉得有必要进一步探索，于是决定顺道去参加一个美式手语俱乐部的会议；由此可推知，这种新鲜感使作者想要更多了解美式手语。故选A项。 8.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，“我”觉得有必要进一步探索，于是“我”决定顺道去参加一个美式手语的会议。A.exercise锻炼；B.express表达；C.explore探索；D.explain解释。根据上文“I myself went through this __1__ process and found ASL — American Sign Language.”以及句中“I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings”可知，这里指作者想更多探索学习美式手语。故选C项。 9.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天“我”才学会了如何用手语表示字母A到Z。A.transform使改观，使变形，使转化；B.sign打手势，打手语；C.write写；D.count计数。根据上文“I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings”以及句中“I only learned how to”可知，作者顺道去参加一个美式手语的会议，那天从26个字母的手语开始，只学会了如何用手语表示字母A到Z。故选B项。 10.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，“我”非但没有因缓慢的进步而气馁，反而感到兴奋。A.evaluated评估；B.motivated激励；C.disturbed打扰；D.discouraged气馁。根据上一句“I only learned how to __9__ A to Z that day”以及下文“by my slow progress”可知，那天作者才学会了如何用手语表示26个字母，学习进度缓慢，但这并没有让作者气馁，打消学习手语的念头。故选D项。 11.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，“我”努力做到参加这些(手语)集会，尽“我”所能的学习。A.chair主持；B.inquire询问，打听；C.attend参加；D.organize组织。根据上文“Yet instead of being __10__ by my slow progress, I was excited.”以及下文“those meetings and learn all I could”可知，作者没有因学习进步缓慢而打消学习手语的念头，反而想要更多学习，努力去参加这些集会。故选C项。 12.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二学期，“我”选了一个美式手语课程。A.passed通过，传递；B.registered for注册，选课；C.gave up放弃；D.missed错过，想念。由上文“I then made it a point to __11__ those meetings and learn all I could.”可知，作者参加的是手语集会并且现在，作者正式选了一个美式手语课程。故填B项。 13.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授是个失聪者，且任何谈话都是禁止的。A.banned禁止；B.welcomed欢迎；C.ignored 忽视；D.repeated重复。根据文中的“The professor was deaf”以及下文中“I soon realized that the silence was not __14__.”可知，教授失聪，这又是手语课，所以任何谈话都是禁止的。故选A项。 14.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我”很快就意识到这种沉默并没有令人不快。A.invisible看不见的；B.reliable可依赖的；C.unpleasant令人不快的；D.inspiring 鼓舞人心的。根据下文“Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have __15__ us to learn less.”以及“I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens”可知，有任何谈话存在，都会导致作者他们学习得更少，作者欣赏这种沉默以及它所开启的一种新的交流方式；由此可知，手语课上的沉默没有令学生不开心。故选C项。 15.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，如果有谈话的话，它会让我们学得更少。A.caused引起；B.required需要；要求；C.allowed允许；D.expected期待；预计。由上文“if there had been any talking”以及语境可知，禁止谈话对于学习手语者是件好事，因为谈话会减少手语学习者学习的机会，导致学习量减少。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$