UNIT3 单元话题阅读一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

材料选自译林版新教材必修第三册 Unit 1 ◎ The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of① green alive with② the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem④. ① The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region⑤ of France, all on the South American continent⑥.② With an area of around 6 million⑦ square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.③ The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth: one in ten known species⑩ in the world can be found here. ①本句中The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries为主句， including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France是动词­ing形式短语作状语，all on the South American continent是独立主格结构作状语。 ②本句是倍数表达法之一。结构为：A＋be＋倍数＋the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...＋of＋B。 ③from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Amazon River。 ④Of the 390, 000 plant species known to us, more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut⑪ tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies⑫ are big enough to lie down on.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety⑬ of wildlife⑭.At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath⑮ the ground.⑤Above that is the mass⑯ of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering⑰ ancient hardwoods⑱，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living⑲ things. ④本句中known to us是动词­ed形式短语作名词短语the 390，000 plant species的后置定语。 ⑤本句是表示地点、方位等的介词短语置于句首引起的全部倒装结构。 More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals⑳ hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar21 is one example.It has a yellowish­brown coat with black spots.⑥ While a significant number of jaguars survive22 here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.These frogs23，in turn24，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms25 helps break down26 its body and return the nutrients to the earth. ⑥本句为主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。 The Amazon rainforest breathes life into27 the planet by fixing carbon28 and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen29.Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.⑦Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.⑧Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared30 due to31 human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.⑨ As the impact32 of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction33 becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage34 the “lungs of the planet”？ ⑦本句为主从复合句。that can be used for food or medicine为定语从句，修饰先行词species，that在从句中作主语。 ⑧“over/in/during/for the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用。 ⑨本句中as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。 ◎ ①a huge sea of大片的，大量的 ②alive with充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) ③play a significant role in在……方面起着重要作用 ④ecosystem /'iːkəʊsɪstəm/n.生态系统 ⑤overseas region海外地区 ⑥continent /'kɒntɪnənt/ n.大陆，陆地，洲 ⑦million/'mɪljən/ num.一百万；许多，大量 millions of成千上万的 ⑧length/leθ/ n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 in length在长度上 ⑨biodiversity/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪ'vɜːsəti/ n.生物多样性 ⑩species /'spiːʃiːz/ n.(pl.species) 种，物种 ⑪nut/nʌt/ n.坚果 brazil nut巴西坚果 ⑫lily/'lɪli/ n.百合(花) water lily睡莲 ⑬variety /və'raɪəti/n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 a variety of各种各样的 ⑭wildlife/'waɪldlaɪf/ n.野生动植物，野生生物 ⑮beneath/bɪ'niːθ/ prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 ⑯mass/mæs/ n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 ⑰towering/'taʊərɪ/ adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 ⑱hardwood/'hɑːdwʊd/ n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) ⑲living/'lɪvɪ/ adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 living things生物 ⑳mammal /'mæm(ə)l/ n.哺乳动物 jaguar /'dʒæɡjuə(r)/ n.美洲豹，美洲虎 survive /sə'vaɪv/ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 frog /frɒɡ/ n.蛙，青蛙 in turn相应地，转而 microorganism/ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.微生物 break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 carbon/'kɑːbən/ n.碳 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 oxygen/'ɒksɪdʒən/ n.氧，氧气 disappear/ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 due to由于，因为 impact/'ɪmpækt/ n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 extinction/ɪk'stɪkʃn/ n.灭绝，绝种 damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 cause/do damage to对……造成损害 ◎ 亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡中扮演着举足轻重的角色。 亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外地区，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。 在人类已知的390000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲(叶片)大得可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层是由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑斑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤中。 亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$