UNIT2 单元话题阅读二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

材料选自译林版新教材选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 ◎ Artificial intelligence①： friendly or frightening? Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you.①How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air②， but ②given③ the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true④. ①本句为how引导的感叹句。 ②given引导条件状语从句；at which是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rate。 At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch⑤ of computer science ③that aims to create intelligent machines.One of the essential aims of AI is ④to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to⑥ new inputs⑦ and performing tasks like humans.To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward⑧， including “deep learning”， ⑤which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions.Deep­learning AI has the capacity⑨ ⑥ to analyse⑩ massive⑪ amounts of data through multiple layers, ⑦imitating the complex networks⑫ of the human brain. ③that引导定语从句，修饰先行词branch，that在从句中作主语。 ④动词不定式短语to develop ...作表语。 ⑤which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词deep learning。 ⑥动词不定式短语to analyse ...作定语，修饰名词capacity。 ⑦现在分词短语作状语。 The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.⑧Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined⑬ in the mid­1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, ⑨one of the pioneers in the field of⑭ computer science.However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly.A major breakthrough⑮ in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess­playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep­learning AI systems. ⑧before引导时间状语从句。 ⑨名词短语one of the pioneers in the field of computer science作Alan Turing的同位语。 when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1997。 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a computer program。 which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。 Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields：finance⑯， health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few⑰.From autonomous⑱ vehicles to domestic⑲ robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications.Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces. In short⑳， this technology is transforming21 the way we live.It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.The question is, where will all this lead? While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage22, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.Could machines really develop human­like intelligence? And what would happen if they did? Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten23 the existence of humans? How would they be punished if they committed24 crimes25 or even murdered26 humans? As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging27 us to think about the dangers posed28 by the advances in AI.Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell29 the end of the human race.” 本句中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 if引导条件状语从句，did指代前句中提到的develop human­like intelligence。 as引导时间状语从句。 Apparently30, such warnings31 demand32 our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to33 AI.We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us — but perhaps we should not be too greedy34 and rather be careful what we wish for! what引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。 ◎ ①artificial intelligence人工智能 ②castle/'kɑːs(ə)l/ n.城堡 (build) castles in the air空中楼阁；幻想，空想；做白日梦 ③given /'ɡɪv(ə)n/ prep.考虑到；鉴于 ④come true实现；(预言等)成事实 ⑤branch /brɑːntʃ/ n.分支；分店；树枝 ⑥adjust to适应 ⑦input /'ɪnpʊt/ n.输入的信息；投入 vt.输入(信息) ⑧put forward提出(计划、建议) ⑨capacity /kə'pæsəti/ n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 ⑩analyse /'ænəlaɪz/v.分析 ⑪massive /'mæsɪv/ adj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 ⑫network /'netwɜːk/ n.网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络 ⑬coin /kɔɪn/ vt.创造(新词语) ⑭in the field of在……方面；……领域 ⑮breakthrough n.重大进展，突破 adj.突破性的 ⑯finance /'faɪnæns/ n.财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金 ⑰to name but a few略举几例 ⑱autonomous/ɔː'tɒnəməs/ adj.自主的，有自主权的；自治的 ⑲domestic /də'mestɪk/ adj.家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 ⑳in short简而言之；总之 transform/træns'fɔːm/ vt.改变；转换 to one's advantage对某人有利 threaten/'θret(ə)n/ vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 commit /kə'mɪt/ vt.犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入，忠于 crime/kraɪm/ n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动 murder /'mɜːdə(r)/ vt.& n.谋杀，凶杀 urge /ɜːdʒ/ vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n.冲动，强烈的欲望 pose /pəʊz/ vt.造成，产生；提问，质询 vi.摆好姿势 n.姿势 spell vt.意味着，招致(常常是不愉快的结果) apparently /ə'pærəntli/ adv.显然，可见 warning /'wɔːnɪ/ n.警告，先兆；警戒 demand /dɪ'mɑːnd/ vt.需要；强烈要求 n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要 victim /'vɪktɪm/ n.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 fall victim to受伤，受损，被害 greedy/'ɡriːdi/ adj.贪心的，贪婪的 ◎ 人工智能：友好的还是可怕的？ 想象一下，有一天早上醒来，你可以选择躺在床上，按下一个按钮，让一个机器人为你做所有的工作。多酷啊！也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。 在基础层面上，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，旨在创建智能机器。人工智能的一个基本目标是开发计算机智能，它能够从经验中学习，适应新的输入信息，并像人类一样执行任务。为了实现这一目标，人们提出了许多方法来创建真正的人工智能，包括“深度学习”，它使机器能够通过学习以前操作的结果来提高自己的性能。深度学习人工智能有能力通过多层分析大量数据，模仿人脑的复杂网络。 人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪。自20世纪40年代以来，计算机的发展终于使之成为现实。“人工智能”这个词在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的许多年前，计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵就已探索了这一理论。然而，长期以来，人工智能技术发展非常缓慢。人工智能的重大突破出现在1997年，当时深蓝——一个会下象棋的计算机，击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在2017年，一个叫作阿尔法GO的计算机程序打败了可以说是人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这体现了深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。 如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域——金融、医疗保健、计算机翻译和艺术等。从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到电脑写小说，人工智能有着无限的应用。现在，普通人都在使用AI来获得外语文本的即时翻译，计算机可以识别指纹甚至人脸。 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。很明显，我们正处在历史的转折点。随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习，我们正越来越接近人和机器的分界线。问题是，这一切将导致什么？虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺，智能机器人将为我们带来光明的未来，但这些毫无疑问的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。机器真能发展出和人类一样的智能吗？如果他们这样做了会发生什么？会思考的机器会和人类并肩工作还是威胁人类的生存？如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，他们会受到怎样的惩罚？随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬·霍金曾警告说：“人工智能的全面发展可能意味着人类的终结。” 显然，这样的警告需要我们注意。我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的牺牲品。我们可能仍然认为，整天放松下来，让自动机器为我们做所有的工作是非常棒的，但也许我们不应该太贪婪，而应该小心我们的愿望！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$