UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练四（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·辽宁辽阳期末)It's said that Thomas Edison found an unusual way to enjoy piano music.As someone played, the famous inventor, who had been deaf, would move close to the instrument and bite it.In his own words, it allowed him to “hear through his teeth”. Robert Friedman, who was in the business of buying and selling pianos, recently showed off marks on a piano that was once owned by Edison.The piano had groups of small marks above the keyboard.He was surprised by the tooth marks left by the inventor of the phonograph, a music playing device. Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.Edison ever asked for the piano at the lowest price.When he bought the piano and put it in the lab, he was experimenting with sound recording.He owned the instrument for many years, so it was possibly used in early recordings. There aren't photographs of Edison biting this piano.But he was thought to bite into phonographs and pianos to help him experience music as his hearing worsened.His daughter once remembered that a guest cried on the spot at the sight of Edison biting into a piano as someone played it. Friedman calls himself the piano hunter.He finds and buys the famous pianos from people and then sells them, usually to dealers.But this piano is more complex.He is now looking for the right home for the instrument.Friedman says that he believes that it belongs to someplace where many people can see it.Friedman does not want it to go back into private hands because of its connection to Edison.He has to find a historical group that will buy the piano, which he is offering to sell for what it cost him. 1.What was Edison's purpose in biting the piano? A.To record his day. B.To enjoy its music. C.To express his anger. D.To mark its importance. 2.Why did Edison buy the piano? A.To perform music. B.To decorate his lab. C.To test the phonograph's recording. D.To sell it at a very higher price later. 3.How did the guest feel about Edison's behavior? A.Impressed.　　　　　　 B.Pleased. C.Puzzled. D.Embarrassed. 4.What will Friedman do with the piano? A.Give it away. B.Make a fortune. C.Sell it at the original price. D.Keep it somewhere for himself. [二次精读] 重点 单词 phonograph /'fəʊnəɡrɑ：f/ n.留声机　　device /dɪ'vaɪs/ n.装置，设备 worsen /'wɜːs(ə)n/ v.(使)恶化，(使)更糟 dealer /'diːlə(r)/ n.商人，交易商 historical /hɪ'stɒrɪk(ə)l/ adj.(有关)历史的；历史学的 重点 短语 show off炫耀；卖弄　　　　　　　　 at the sight of一看见……就 belong to属于 语块 积累 in the business of　职责是；从事 at the lowest price 以最低价格 长难句 分析 He has to find a historical group that will buy the piano, which he is offering to sell for what it cost him. 他必须找到一个愿意购买这架钢琴的历史团体，并以原价出售。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a historical group，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the piano，what引导宾语从句，并且在宾语从句中作cost的宾语。 B (2024·山东济南期末)A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge, standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). Bekele's brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable, but also has the potential to reactivate the body's natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele's own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of soap at a time.”He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. “I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. During his presentation, Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”. Over the coming five years, Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. 5.What made Bekele an instant hit? A.Starting a soap fashion. B.Overcoming skin cancer. C.Being the youngest scientist. D.Creating a soap against skin cancer. 6.What inspired Bekele to invent SCTS? A.His concern for others. B.His adventure in childhood. C.His enthusiasm for technology. D.His interest in medical knowledge. 7.What will Bekele do in the near future? A.Obtain official approval. B.Visit undeveloped areas. C.Increase the availability of the soap. D.Update the facilities of production. 8.Which of the following can best describe Bekele? A.Inspiring and modest.　　　 B.Humorous and positive. C.Creative and considerate. D.Curious and independent. [二次精读] 重点单词 emerge /ɪ'mɜːdʒ/ v.　浮现，出现 affordable /ə'fɔːdəb(ə)l/ adj. 负担得起的，付得起的 reactivate /ri'æktɪveɪt/ vt. 使恢复活动 exposure /ɪk'spəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露，接触 exceptional /ɪk'sepʃən(ə)l/ adj. 不寻常的，罕见的 passionately /'pæʃənətli/ adv. 热情地；强烈地 perfect/'pɜːfɪkt/ v. 完善，使完美 重点短语 designed to　　旨在 reflect on 反思，思考 play a significant role in 在……中起到重要作用 couldn't help but do sth 情不自禁地做某事 be aware of 意识到 associated with 与……有关 语块积累 center on以……为中心　　　have endless passion for对……有无尽的热情 accessible to可进入的 receive invaluable guidance from sb接受某人的宝贵指导 aid sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事 within reach 够得着的；可实现的 长难句分析 Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. 目睹人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人能意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。Having witnessed是现在分词的完成时作状语，how many引导宾语从句，associated with constant sun exposure是过去分词短语作the risks的后置定语。 C (2024·浙江宁波期末)Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching alien life, but have you heard about the scientist who was responsible for detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy? This is Frank Drake's story. At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which astounded him.He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it.So he wondered, what are they like? Are the people the same as us? Do they look the same way we do? What's their planet like? And of course, at that time, there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest. Later on, when he was in college, he chose the elementary astronomy course.In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter.Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed.Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way. People always say that the search for alien life has failed.“You've been searching for 60 years and you haven't found anything.So doesn't that say that intelligent life is very rare？” “That's wrong, because the amount of searching we've done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there.We've only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities，” Drake said, “When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people，” he added. 9.What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Touched.　　　　　　 B.Motivated. C.Puzzled. D.Amazed. 10.What made Drake really fascinated with astronomy? A.His observation of the Jupiter through a telescope. B.His success in developing the famous Drake equation. C.His knowing of the fact that there are other worlds in space. D.His choice of the elementary astronomy course in college. 11.What does Drake think of the alien searching work? A.It is totally a failure. B.The alien life is rare. C.It has a long way to go. D.There are many possibilities. 12.Which words best describe Drake? A.Curious and brave. B.Creative and intelligent. C.Talented and diligent. D.Passionate and persistent. [二次精读] 重点 单词 lurk /lɜːk/ vi.潜伏；潜藏　　　　　observatory /əb'zɜːvətri/ n.天文台 Jupiter /'dʒuːpɪtə(r)/ n.[天] 木星 equation /ɪ'kweɪʒ(ə)n/ n.等式，方程(式) estimate /'estɪmeɪt/ v.估计；判断，评价 fraction /'frækʃn/ n.小部分，微量 重点 短语 be familiar with对……熟悉　　　　　　be responsible for 对……负责 search for 寻找 live a better life 过上更好的生活 语块 积累 in the slightest　　　　　　　　 　　一点也不；根本不 the elementary astronomy course 初级天文学课程 make Drake deeply absorbed 使德雷克深深沉浸其中 长难句 分析 Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way. 弗兰克·德雷克最出名的是发明了德雷克方程式，这是一个数学方程，用来估计银河系中可探测到的外星文明的数量。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Drake equation，developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a mathematical equation。 [背景知识] the Drake equation (德雷克方程式)，又称德雷克公式、萨根公式(Sagan equation)、格林班克公式(Green Bank equation)，后又称“绿岸公式”。由美国天文学家法兰克·德雷克(Frank Drake)于1960年在绿岸镇提出的一条用来推测“可能与我们接触的银河系内外星球高智文明的数量”之公式。已故康奈尔大学天文学家卡尔·萨根(Carl Sagan)也参与了方程的研究并在作品中大量描述。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·丹东期末)Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family.The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific __1__ regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法). The family was on a very tight__2__.However, his parents __3__ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.Pasteur had a __4__ for painting and drawing.When he realized that art was __5__ to earn a living, he changed to __6__. He was not a (n)__7__ student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __8__ school.Later, he owed his success to his __9__.He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in __10__ some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur's __11__ research was completely self­funded.His wife, Marie, __12__ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to__13__ research positions at more great institutions.Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to __14__ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award__15__ in his field.As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 1.A.predictions　 B.discoveries　　 C.methods　　　 D.performances 2.A.turn B.schedule C.relationship D.budget 3.A.valued B.overestimated C.sharpened D.assigned 4.A.demand B.temptation C.passion D.inspiration 5.A.unavoidable B.unlikely C.unexpected D.uneventful 6.A.geography B.arithmetic C.politics D.chemistry 7.A.considerate B.intelligent C.lifelong D.intimate 8.A.desired B.approved C.engaged D.varied 9.A.fame B.routine C.perseverance D.blessing 10.A.fundraising B.tackling C.motivating D.occupying 11.A.overnight B.joint C.monthly D.early 12.A.actively B.objectively C.humbly D.nobly 13.A.turn down B.cope with C.work out D.take up 14.A.dedicate B.treat C.find D.commit 15.A.available B.memorable C.favorable D.knowledgeable 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练四] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了托马斯·爱迪生用独特方式欣赏钢琴音乐的趣闻，并介绍了爱迪生发明留声机和他如何用极低的价格购买钢琴进行实验。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“据说托马斯·爱迪生发现了一种不寻常的欣赏钢琴音乐的方式。当有人演奏时，这位耳聋的著名发明家就会走近乐器咬它。用他自己的话来说，这让他能够‘透过牙齿听到声音’”。可知，爱迪生咬钢琴的目的是透过牙齿听到声音来欣赏音乐。故选B。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段“爱迪生在1877年发明了留声机。爱迪生要求以最低的价格买到钢琴。当他买了钢琴并把它放在实验室时，他正在做录音实验。他拥有这台乐器很多年，所以它可能在早期录音中使用过”可知，爱迪生买钢琴应是来测试留声机的录音效果。故选C。 3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二三句“但人们认为，随着听力的恶化，他咬着留声机和钢琴来帮助他体验音乐。他的女儿记得有一次，一位客人看到爱迪生咬着别人弹奏的钢琴，这位客人当场哭了”。由此推知，这位客人对爱迪生的行为很是钦佩的。故选A。 4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“他必须找到一个愿意购买这架钢琴的历史团体，并以原价出售”。可知，弗里德曼会把钢琴按原价出售。故选C。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位14岁来自弗吉尼亚州的年轻科学家Heman Bekele，他通过创造一种抗击皮肤癌的肥皂获得了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“美国维吉尼亚州一颗冉冉升起的新星获得了‘美国顶尖青年科学家’的称号，因为他的开创性发明——一种可以对抗皮肤癌的肥皂”。可知，Heman Bekele发明了一种对抗皮肤癌的肥皂，一炮而红。故选D。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“在反思他的灵感时，Bekele分享了他的童年在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。目睹人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人能意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险”。可知，Bekele对别人的关心激发了他发明SCTS。故选A。 7.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“在他的演讲中，Bekele热情地表达了他的愿景，即把这种肥皂变成‘希望、可及性的象征，以及一个人人都能接受皮肤癌治疗的世界’。”以及最后一段“在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新发明分发到更多的地方，包括欠发达的社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和实用的解决方案”可知，Bekele希望建立一个非营利组织，将他的创新产品分发到更多地方，包括欠发达社区，为对抗皮肤癌提供希望和实际解决方案，即增加肥皂的可获得性。故选C。 8.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句以及最后一段可知，文章介绍了一位14岁来自弗吉尼亚州的年轻科学家Heman Bekele，他通过创造一种抗击皮肤癌的肥皂获得了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。未来五年里，Bekele希望完善他的发明，并建立一个非营利组织，将这种创新产品分发到更多地方，包括欠发达社区，为对抗皮肤癌提供希望和实际解决方案。由此推知，他是一个有创造力和体贴的人。故选C。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位负责探测第一批潜伏在银河系中智能生命踪迹的科学家Frank Drake。 9.D　词义猜测题。由第二段画线词所在句子“8岁时，他的父亲有一天告诉Drake太空中还有其他世界，这让他________。他不知道这样的事情有可能发生——他以为地球就是整个世界。”可推测，Drake不知道除地球以外还有其他星球，所以当爸爸告诉他的时候，他“大吃一惊”，所以推测astounded表示“吃惊”。故选D。 10.A　细节理解题。由文章第三段第二、三句“在课程中，他去了校园天文台，他观察到的东西之一是木星。即使通过一台小望远镜，也很清楚这是另一个世界，而不是书中的照片或其他什么东西，这让Drake深深地被吸引住了。”可知， Drake通过望远镜对木星的观察使他对天文学非常着迷。故选A。 11.C　推理判断题。由文章第四段第四、五句“这是错误的，因为我们所达成的搜索量几乎没有触及存在的可能性的数量。我们只覆盖了一小部分，所有可能性中的一小部分。”可知，Drake认为外星人的搜寻工作还有很长的路要走。故选C。 12.D　推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“Frank Drake最出名的是开发了德雷克方程，这是一个数学方程，用于估计银河系中可探测的外星文明的数量。”以及第四段最后一句“当你把一生都花在你爱的事情上时，你的生活比大多数人都要好”可知，Drake对寻找智能生命踪迹是充满热情而执着的。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。 1.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位法国化学家和微生物学家在疫苗接种、微生物发酵和巴氏灭菌法方面取得了卓越的科学发现。A.predictions预测；B.discoveries发现；C.methods方法；D.performances表演。根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)”可知，这些都是科学发现。故选B。 2.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭的预算很紧张。A.turn轮流；B.schedule时间表；C.relationship关系；D.budget预算。根据空后的“however”以及下文的“his parents __3__education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。 3.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的父母重视教育，并资助他去他们负担得起的最好的学校。A.valued珍视；B.overestimated过高估计；C.sharpened使尖锐；D.assigned分配。根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好的学校。故选A。 4.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur酷爱绘画。A.demand 要求；B.temptation诱惑；C.passion热情；D.inspiration灵感。根据下文“When he realized that art was __5__ to earn a living, he changed to __6__”，可知，Pasteur最初对艺术有着热情。故选C。 5.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A.unavoidable无法避免的；B.unlikely不可能；C.unexpected意外的；D.uneventful平静无事的。根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。故选B。 6.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A.geography地理；B.arithmetic算术；C.politics政治；D.chemistry化学。根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist...microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) .”可知，他后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。故选D。 7.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不是一个聪明的学生，但他一旦专心学习就非常努力。A.considerate体贴的；B.intelligent聪明的；C.lifelong终身的；D.intimate 亲密的。根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __8__ school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 8.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试了三次才通过考试，进入了他心仪的学校。A.desired渴望的；B.approved认可的，核准的；C.engaged从事……的；D.varied多变的。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常理可知，他是最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。 9.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他把自己的成功归功于坚持不懈。A.fame名声、名望；B.routine例行公事；C.perseverance毅力；D.blessing祝福。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __8__ school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源于自己的毅力。故选C。 10.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。A.fundraising筹款；B.tackling处理；C.motivating 激励；D.occupying占据。根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决，处理”。故选B。 11.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur早期的研究完全是自费的。A.overnight整晚的；B.joint联合的；C.monthly每月的；D.early早的。根据下文的“His wife, Marie, __12__ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute...particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。故选D。 12.A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Marie积极支持他的工作，并在实验室担任他的助手。A.actively积极地；B.objectively客观地；C.humbly谦卑地；D.nobly 崇高地。根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。故选A。 13.D　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着他逐渐成名，他能够在更多的大机构担任研究职位。A.turn down拒绝；B.cope with处理；C.work out解决；D.take up从事。根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。故选D。 14.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他建立了巴斯德研究所，以寻找和预防疾病的原因，特别是狂犬病。A.dedicate致力于；B.treat对待；C.find找到；D.commit 犯罪，承诺。根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。 15.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常受人尊敬，赢得了他所在领域的几乎所有奖项。A.available可得到的，可使用的；B.memorable难忘的；C.favorable有利的；D.knowledgeable博学的。根据上文的“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他是赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$