UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

[读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。玛丽·居里夫人在放射性方面的研究留下了宝贵的科学遗产，但放射性元素也对她的身体造成了持久影响。她去世后，因为身体具有辐射，所以不得不被放入铅封的棺材里，但直到她的棺材出土时人们才知道这一真相。挖掘者发现她的尸身保存完好，只检测到少量的α和β污染，这可能因为她在晚年采取了措施限制接触辐射。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“事实上，如果不是居里的工作，我们对癌症的治疗可能不会像今天这样发达。”可推测出，居里的工作对如今癌症治疗的发展是功不可没的。故选C。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“负责挖掘的官员联系了法国辐射保护机构，对剩余的辐射表示担忧，并要求协助保护墓地的工作人员。”和最后一段第一句“当挖掘者接近坟墓时，他们检测到空气中的辐射水平正常，然后随着坟墓的打开，辐射水平上升(尽管不是很大)。”可知，负责挖掘的官员担心棺材中的辐射高，所以请求法国辐射保护机构协助，但挖掘者发现坟墓周围的辐射水平正常，打开坟墓后辐射水平有所上升，但也不是很高。由此可推测出，他们对实际的辐射水平高估了。故选A。 3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“据《英国放射学史学会杂志》报道，这可能是因为居里在晚年采取了限制辐射暴露的措施。”可知，居里晚年时采取措施限制接触辐射，所以尸体辐射水平低。故选B。 4.D　 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“然后1911年，在经历了许多个人悲剧(皮埃尔·居里于1906年突然去世)后，居里因分离出纯镭而获得诺贝尔化学奖。她继续致力于研究放射性物质的化学及其在医学中的应用。”和最后一句“但是，尽管提倡预防措施，居里持续和长时间接触这些物质是有代价的。”可知，玛丽·居里经历了丈夫的去世后获得诺贝尔奖，但她没有停滞不前，而是继续致力于研究，由于长期持续接触辐射，她的身体受到了影响。由此可推测出，玛丽·居里是一位非常坚定执着的科学家。故选D。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章介绍了匈牙利裔美国生物化学家卡塔琳·卡里科教授与美国免疫学家德鲁·韦斯曼合作开发mRNA疫苗并获得2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的故事。卡里科教授坚韧不拔、决心坚定的旅程成就了她的突破性研究。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“尽管与RNA相关的治疗试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但她被告知她的研究不会有任何进展。她的申请一再被拒绝，1995年，她失去了宾夕法尼亚大学的职位，被迫退休。”可知，尽管与RNA相关的治疗试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但是她的研究不被其他科学家所接受。故选D。 6.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“卡里科教授拒绝轻易放弃。”以及后文“与该大学的免疫学教授德鲁·韦斯曼建立了合作关系，最终他们取得了重大突破，找到了一种修改mRNA的方法，使其能够引发免疫反应，为后来的mRNA疫苗奠定了基础。”可知，卡里科教授没有轻易放弃，因此不断坚持，直到取得重大突破。故画线词与B选项“Kept trying.(不停地尝试。)”为同义词。故选B。 7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“教授卡里科的旅程，从她困窘的开始到她开创性的研究，作为她坚定不移的毅力和决心的证明。”可知，教授卡里科的成功在于她坚定不移的毅力和决心，故卡里科教授的决心改变了一切。故选B。 8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了匈牙利裔美国生物化学家卡塔琳·卡里科教授与美国免疫学家德鲁·韦斯曼合作开发mRNA疫苗并获得2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的故事。卡里科教授在匈牙利度过艰难的童年，冒险前往美国追求梦想。尽管她的mRNA相关研究初步取得了有希望的成果，但她遭受了多次拒绝，并最终失去了职位。然而，她没有轻易放弃，与韦斯曼教授合作，并最终取得了突破，找到了一种修改mRNA的方法，使其能够引发免疫反应，为疫苗的发展奠定了基础。D选项“Karikó's life and her achievements.(卡里科的一生和她的成就。)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选D。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述世界粮食奖基金会主席肯尼斯·奎因对中国杂交水稻之父袁隆平院士的追忆和高度评价。 9.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“经过一番急切的搜寻，他发现袁教授身边围着一群微笑的艾奥瓦州立大学研究生，他们是如此崇拜他以至于想带他出去吃顿饭聊聊天。”可知，当肯尼斯•奎因在一群学生中间找到袁隆平时，他是很震惊的。故选D。 10.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句“他总是有时间回答问题，并与年轻的科学家和学生交谈。我们每年派往他的研究中心的美国高中生总是满载而归，并渴望了解更多。”可知，袁隆平很在意年轻人的学习和发展。故选B。 11.D　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段画线短语所在句子“本着‘……’的态度，袁隆平通过发现杂交水稻，大大减少了饥饿，并为农民提供了剩余收入。”可知，down to earth是袁隆平的一种态度，结合本段第一句“在奎因眼中，袁隆平非常谦虚，从不求名，只专注于努力工作和能够帮助人们摆脱贫困的成果。”可知，袁隆平的态度是很务实的，意为“脚踏实地”，与realistic接近，故选D。 12.D　写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句“奎因周日在接受新华社采访时还分享了他对‘杂交水稻之父’的记忆。”可知，本文是在追忆并纪念袁隆平院士。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦关于创造性思维的观点。 1.B　上文“对爱因斯坦来说，洞察力并非来自逻辑或数学”并结合后文“一切伟大的科学成就都必须从直觉知识开始。想象力比知识更重要。”可知，空处顺接前文，说明爱因斯坦认为洞察力应来自直觉。B项“相反，它来自直觉和灵感。”符合语境。故选B。 2.A　下文“令人惊讶的是，决定某件事是艺术还是科学的不是一个想法的内容或主题，而是这个想法是如何表达的”说明决定某件事是艺术还是科学是根据想法是如何表达的。空处引出了下文关于艺术和科学的区别的论述。A项中“art differ from science”和下文的“whether something was art or science”相呼应，而A项的这个问题“但对爱因斯坦来说，艺术和科学有何不同？”正好引出本段的主题。故选A。 3.E　上文“如果所看到和经历的是用逻辑的语言描述的，那么这就是科学。如果它被直观地传达和识别，那么它就是艺术”。说明艺术和科学的不同。空处顺接上文，和下文形成因果关系。E项中的“worked intuitively and expressed himself logically” 和上文“看到和经历的是用逻辑的语言描述的就是科学，它被直观地传达和识别，那么它就是艺术”相呼应，表明爱因斯坦本人凭直觉工作，用逻辑表达自己，也是下文他被称为伟大的科学家也是艺术家的原因。故选E。 4.F　下文“‘如果我不是一名物理学家，’他曾说，‘我可能会成为一名音乐家。我经常在音乐中思考，我从音乐中看待我的生活。我的生活中最快乐的部分来自音乐。’”说明音乐对爱因斯坦帮助很大。F项“爱因斯坦的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐。”适合做本段的主旨句。故选F。 5.C　上文“爱因斯坦说：‘相对论是我凭直觉产生的，音乐是这种直觉背后的驱动力。’”说明音乐对他的工作产生的积极影响。空处承接上文，说明了爱因斯坦是靠音乐才有了新发现，而且和本段音乐对他的帮助的主题相符合。C项“我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果。”符合语境。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Nikola Tesla的生平和主要成就。 1.explorer　考查名词。根据语境可知，句子表示“他不仅是一位工程师，还是世界上许多奥秘的发明家和探索者”，空格处意为“探索者”，是explorer，空前有an，空格处用单数，故填explorer。 2.objectively　考查副词。空格处用副词修饰形容词brilliant，objective的副词是objectively，意为“客观地”。故填objectively。 3.struck　考查时态。由was可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式struck。故填struck。 4.Working　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是would be，空格处用非谓语动词，he和work之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，句首首字母应大写，故填Working。 5.without　考查介词。由“entirely from memory”可知，句子表示“他能够将想法从概念到设计可视化，不需要完全凭记忆写下来，他可以完全不参考任何笔记就能制造出设备”，空格处意为“不，没有”，由空后的动名词referring可知，空格处用介词without，故填without。 6.amazing　考查形容词。空格处用形容词作表语，主语experiments是物，因此空格处用ing结尾的形容词amazing，意为“令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。 7.were seen　考查时态，语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，句子表示“他的实验在当时被认为是非常牵强的”，句子用被动语态，且由at that time可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语experiments是复数，因此空格处是were seen。故填were seen。 8.registered　考查时态。根据语境可知，句子表示“在他注册的300项专利中”，空格处意为“注册的”，是registered，故填registered。 9.the　考查定冠词。此处特指智能手机的诞生，因此空格处用the表特指，故填the。 10.who　考查定语从句。空格处引导是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是不定代词one是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·武汉期末)Marie Curie is remembered today for her pioneering work on radioactivity, which not only earned her two Nobel Prizes but also the recognition as the “mother of modern physics”.But while her research into the radioactive elements polonium and radium may have secured her a lasting scientific legacy, those same substances have also had a lasting effect on her body. Then, in 1911, after much personal tragedy (Pierre Curie had died suddenly in 1906), Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for isolating pure radium.She would go on to devote her research to the study of the chemistry of radioactive substances as well as their applications in medicine.In fact, if it were not for Curie's work, our treatments for cancer would likely not be anywhere near as developed as they are today.But despite advocating precautions, Curie's consistent and prolonged exposure to these substances came at a cost. Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934, from aplastic anemia (再生障碍性贫血) caused by her work with radiation.Despite its name, aplastic anemia is more than just anemia; it is a rare blood condition that appears when bone marrow cannot make enough new blood cells for your body to function properly.When Curie died, her body was so radioactive that she had to be laid to rest in a lead­lined (铅封的) coffin.However, no one knew this until 1995 when her coffin was unearthed. At the time, the French authorities wanted to move the Curies to the national cemetery, the Pantheon，in honor of their contributions to science and for being great figures in French history.The officials responsible for the exhumation (掘尸) contacted the French radiation protection agency with concerns about remaining radiation and asked for assistance to protect workers in the cemetery. When the exhumers approached the grave, they detected normal levels of radiation on the air, which then rose as the grave was opened (though not by large amounts).At first, Marie Curie's coffin appeared to be made of wood, but when opened, they found it was lined with 2.5 millimeters (0.09 inches) of lead.Later examination of Curie's body revealed that she had remained remarkably well preserved and only small levels of alpha and beta contamination were detected.This, according to The Journal of British Society for the History of Radiology, was likely because Curie had taken steps to limit exposure to radiation in later life. 1.We can infer from the text that Marie Curie ________. A.invested amounts of money in her research B.was awarded the Nobel Prize for radium precaution C.is credited with the development of cancer treatment D.abandoned her research after her husband's sudden death 2.What can we know about the exhumation officials? A.They overestimated the actual radiation level. B.They were not licensed for the exhumation work. C.They had no regard for the safety of their workers. D.They were previously informed of the lead­lined coffin. 3.Why only small levels of radiation was detected from Curie's body? A.Her body remained remarkably well preserved. B.Curie was less exposed to radiation in later life. C.The exhumers lacked adequate assistance technically. D.The lead­lined coffin protect her body from radiation. 4.Which words can best describe Marie Curie based on the text? A.Remarkable but careless. B.Successful but aggressive. C.Ambitious and considerate. D.Committed and persistent. [二次精读] 重点单词 pioneering/ˌpaɪə'nɪərɪ/ adj.首创的，先驱的　　 recognition/ˌrekəɡ'nɪʃn/ n. 承认，接受 secure /sɪ'kjʊə(r)/v.(尤指经过努力而)获得，得到 tragedy/'trædʒədi/ n.惨剧；悲剧；不幸，遗憾 isolate /'aɪsəleɪt/v.孤立；隔离；使(某物质、细胞等)分离 precaution/prɪ'kɔːʃ(ə)n/ n.预防 prolonged/prə'lɒd/ adj.长期的，持续很久的 function /'fʌkʃ(ə)n/ v.工作，运转；发挥功能 reveal /rɪ'viːl/ v.揭示，透露；表明 重点短语 not only...but also...不仅……而且……　　　　　have a lasting effect on 对……有持久的影响 in honor of为纪念…… take steps to do sth采取措施做某事 limit...to...把……限制在……内 语块积累 come at a cost　　　付出代价 remain remarkably well preserved 保存得非常好 be awarded the Nobel Prize for 因……被授予诺贝尔奖 长难句分析 In fact, if it were not for Curie's work, our treatments for cancer would likely not be anywhere near as developed as they are today. 事实上，如果不是因为居里夫人的工作，我们的癌症治疗方法很可能不会像今天那样发达。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。if it were not for意为“要不是……”，其中if引导虚拟条件状语从句，表示对现在的虚拟。 [背景知识] aplastic anemia，再生障碍性贫血，简称AA(再障)，是一组骨髓造血组减少，造血功能衰竭，导致周围血细胞减少的综合病征。临床上常表现为较严重的贫血、出血和感染。原发性再障中男性多于女性，青年多于老年。根据疾病变化速度和病情轻重，结合血象和骨髓象可将再障分为急性型和慢性型。若有致病原因如药物、化学品、辐射、感染为继发性。 B (2024·甘肃期末)In a clinic room filled with medical staff lining up to get vaccines (疫苗), a woman finds herself in tears.Yet, those are not tears of fear or sadness, but tears of joy and pride.It dawns on her that her decades of hard work have finally paid off.The mRNA vaccines she helped develop have saved millions of lives and helped the world find a way out of the worst of the pandemic. That remarkable woman is Professor Katalin Karikó， a Hungarian­American biochemist, who together with her colleague American immunologist Drew Weissma, was awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking work on the development of mRNA­based vaccines. Born in 1955 in Hungary, Professor Karikó had a childhood marked by hardship.In 1985 when the Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences lost its funding, she made a daring and risky decision to start a journey to the US.However, the American dream was hardly plain sailing, and the challenges facing Professor Karikó were only just beginning.Despite the promising results in RNA­related therapy trials, she was told her research was going nowhere.Her applications were repeatedly rejected, and in 1995 she lost her position in the University of Pennsylvania and was forced to retire. Professor Karikó refused to give up easily.She persevered,_forming a partnership with the university's immunology professor Drew Weissman, and eventually they made their big breakthrough, finding a way to modify mRNA so that it could trigger an immune response, laying the groundwork for what would become the mRNA vaccines.When the pandemic hit, the use of mRNA was the reason why vaccines were developed so quickly at unprecedented speed. Professor Karikó's journey, from her humble beginnings to her groundbreaking research, stands as a testament to her unwavering perseverance and determination. 5.What challenges did Professor Karikó face during her career in the US? A.She did have enough money. B.She could't understand the language. C.She didn't know how to carry out her research. D.Her research was not accepted by other scientists. 6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “persevered” in paragrap 4? A.Gave up. B.Kept trying. C.Changed her mind. D.Put it aside. 7.What can we infer from this passage? A.Professor Karikó should retire earlier. B.Professor Karikó's determination made all the difference. C.American dream made everything easy for Professor Karikó. D.The research of mRNA is only valuable when Covid pandemic hit. 8.What is the text mainly about? A.Karikó's American dream. B.Challenges in Karikó's research. C.The development of the vaccine. D.Karikó's life and her achievements. [二次精读] 重点 单词 groundbreaking /'ɡraʊndbreɪkɪ/ adj.　开创性的 promising /'prɒmɪsɪ/ adj. 有希望的，有前途的 immunology/ˌɪmju'nɒlədʒi/ n. 免疫学 modify /'mɒdɪfaɪ/ v. 修改，改进 trigger /'trɪɡə(r)/ v. 引发，激发 unprecedented /ʌn'presɪdentɪd/ adj. 前所未有的，史无前例的 unwavering/ʌn'weɪvərɪ/ adj. 坚定的；不动摇的 重点 短语 line up排队　　　　　　　　dawn on突然意识到 pay off 取得成功；获得好结果 语块 积累 find oneself in tears　发现自己泪流满面 make a daring and risky decision 做一个大胆而冒险的决定 plain sailing 一帆风顺 make one's big breakthrough 取得重大突破 lay the groundwork for 为……打下基础 长难句 分析 When the pandemic hit, the use of mRNA was the reason why vaccines were developed so quickly at unprecedented speed. 当流行病爆发时，mRNA的使用是疫苗以前所未有的速度开发得如此之快的原因。 分析： 这是一个主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并且在定语从句中作状语，at unprecedented speed意为“以前所未有的速度”，在句中作状语。 C (2024·河南检测)“With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists，” said Kenneth Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation (基金会).Quinn also shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday. Quinn first met Yuan in October 2004, when Yuan traveled to Des Moines in the U.S.state of Iowa to receive the World Food Prize.As they walked out of the airport, Quinn received a call and stepped aside to speak.When he turned back a minute or two later, he lost Yuan.“I had never before ‘lost’ a laureate (贵人)，” he said.After an anxious search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation. Quinn admired Yuan as a teacher.“He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students.The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.” In Quinn's eyes, Yuan was incredibly modest, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty.With a “down_to_earth” attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus income through his discovery of hybrid rice. Learning of Yuan's passing away on Saturday, Quinn issued a statement to send his deepest sympathy to Yuan's family and colleagues.“Professor Yuan Longping, who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed.His legacy will provide inspiration to generations far into the future, in China and across the world，” Quinn said in the statement. 9.How did Kenneth Quinn feel when he found Yuan in a group of students? A.Confused.　　　　 B.Sorry. C.Angry. D.Amazed. 10.How did Yuan Longping treat young people? A.He sent young students abroad for further study. B.He cared about the development of the youth. C.He was too busy to answer the students' question. D.He was generous to help young people out of poverty. 11.What do the words “down to earth” mean in paragraph 4? A.Critical. B.General. C.Flexible. D.Realistic. 12.What is the purpose of the text? A.To inspire the young. B.To tell the stories of Yuan Longping. C.To introduce the “father of hybrid rice”. D.To remember Professor Yuan Longping. [二次精读] 重点 单词 surround /sə'raʊnd/ v.　　　　　　　　　　　围绕，环绕 incredibly/ɪn'kredəbli/ adv. 难以置信地；非常地 surplus/'sɜːpləs/ adj. 过剩的，剩余的，多余的 legacy /'leɡəsi/ n. 遗产，遗赠物 inspiration /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物) 重点 短语 fill with充满，装满　　　　　　　　　　　　　provide sb with sth为某人提供某物 pass away去世 语块 积累 a minute or two later　　　　　　　　　　　　一两分钟后 a deep desire to do sth 强烈渴望做某事 lift people out of poverty 帮助人们摆脱贫困 send one's deepest sympathy to sb 向某人表示最深切的慰问 seek fame 追求名声 长难句 分析 Professor Yuan Longping，who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed. 袁隆平教授，深受祖国人民和我们所有认识他的人的爱戴，我们将非常怀念他。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。里面含有两个who引导的定语从句，第一个who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Professor Yuan Longping，第二个who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词us。 [背景知识] The World Food Prize，世界粮食奖，国际上在农业领域方面的最高荣誉，由诺贝尔和平奖获得者美国的诺曼·博洛格博士1986年设立，每年由总部在美国艾奥瓦州得梅因市的世界粮食奖基金会颁发一次，目的是奖励那些“为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食作出突出贡献的个人”，得奖者可获得250000美元。 中国科学家何康、袁隆平、崔振岭先后获此殊荣。 Ⅱ.七选五 Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking (2024·深圳期中)“The greatest scientists are artists as well，” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist. For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics.__1__ “All great achievements of science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge.Imagination is more important than knowledge.” __2__ Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed.If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science.If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art.__3__ That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. 　　__4__ “If I were not a physicist，” he once said, “I would probably be a musician.I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music.I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects.“The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition，” said Einstein.“My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six.__5__” A.But how did art differ from science for Einstein? B.Instead, it came from intrusion (直觉) and inspiration. C.My new discovery is the result of musical insight. D.There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then. E.Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically. F.Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music. G.For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·浙江杭州期中)When I think of a “mad genius”， no one deserves the title more than Nikola Tesla.Born in Austria in 1856, this scientist is not just an engineer, but an inventor and 1.________(explore) of the many mysteries of the world. To begin with, Tesla possessed an 2.________(objective) brilliant mind.He was blessed with the gift of a photographic memory.When inspiration 3.________(strike), he was capable of visualizing the idea from concept to design, not needing to pen it down.4.________(work) entirely from memory, he would be able to build the device 5.________ referring to any notes at all.If this was not 6.________(amaze) enough, he was fluent in eight different languages. As an inventor, his experiments at that time 7.________(see) as remarkably far­fetched, and must have seemed like magic.His innovative ideas would ultimately set the groundwork for the next generation of scientists.Indeed, many of his 300 8.________(register) patents contributed to the creation of widespread technology today such as the radio, X­Ray machine and wireless technology.Tesla even predicted 9.________ birth of the smartphone.His forward­looking ideas have earned him the label of a futurist—one 10.________ explores the possibilities of the future., 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$