UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

参 考 答 案 UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT [读与练·阅读限时训练一] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Donna Strickland教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。 1.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Donna Strickland教授是第三位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性”以及画线词后句子“Strickland教授发现了一种将激光用作非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法”可知，获得诺贝尔奖说明是具有创新性的发明。所以画线词意思是“创新的”。故选A。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Donna Strickland是物理和天文系的教授，Strickland教授与当时的博士老师Gérard Mourou一起获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖”可知，Strickland教授获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；结合第四段第二句“我想这就是人们想谈论的Marie的故事——为什么要花60年的时间？”和最后一段前两句“最后一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是德国出生的Maria Goeppert Mayer，因为她对原子核的发现。在此之前，Marie Curie与丈夫Pierre共同获得1903年诺贝尔物理学奖”可知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选C。 3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“物理学仍然是科学领域性别差距最大的学科之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，需要两个多世纪才能在该领域出现同等数量的高级男女研究人员”可推知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。故选D。 4.B　文章出处题。根据第一段第一句以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了Donna Strickland教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。所以这篇文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“在20世纪30年代末，人们可以献血，但很少有医院能储存血液供日后使用。”可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。故选B。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“德鲁以长老会医院的血库为模型，制定了从纽约九家医院采集血液和处理血浆的统一程序和标准。”可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。故选D。 7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二三句“他被任命为一个为期三个月的试点项目的副主任，该项目在纽约大规模生产干血浆，成为第一个红十字会血库的模型。他在这个项目上的创新包括移动献血站，后来被称为血液移动站。”可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法，由此可推测出，这个试点项目具有开创性(groundbreaking)。故选A。 8.B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“黑人外科医生兼研究员查尔斯·德鲁帮助解决了医学界的这一重大问题，为他赢得了‘血库之父’的称号。”可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”，由此可推测出，B项“血库的发明者”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 C [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自湖南娄底新化县的曾庆欢利用直播带领当地人民过上幸福生活的故事。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“她现在已经销售了价值数千万元的当地农产品，比如豆腐乳、腊肉和红薯干。”可知，曾庆欢在社交媒体上主要介绍家乡的农产品。故选D。 10.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“2021年，在她成为娄底市人大代表后，她提出了‘每个村有一个产品，一个直播主持人’的建议，并计划在三年内帮助培养100名本县的社交媒体影响者，目前已有两个村参与了该项目。”可知，曾庆欢打算在她的县培养更多的社交媒体影响者。故选C。 11.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“但来自湖南娄底新化县30岁的曾庆欢却把整个村子变成了直播现场。她的目标是利用电子商务帮助当地村民过上更好的生活。”、第三段第二句“曾的父母一直没有给她任何支持，直到她能够自立，帮助人们销售他们的产品。”根据第四段“我是大山的女儿。在这个新时代，我也可以为农村发展作出贡献。”以及最后一段最后一句“曾说：‘我相信农村将成为一个大舞台，农民也将被视为一份体面的工作。’”可推知，脚踏实地、雄心勃勃最能描述曾庆欢的品质特征。故选D。 12.A　文章出处题。根据文章大意以及第一段第二句“但来自湖南娄底新化县30岁的曾庆欢却把整个村子变成了直播现场。她的目标是利用电子商务帮助当地村民过上更好的生活。”可知，本文主要讲述了来自湖南娄底新化县的曾庆欢利用直播带领当地人民过上幸福生活的故事。由此可推知，文章可能出自报纸的生活方式这一专栏。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。 1.G　根据下文可知，G项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时，有人问他需要什么”符合语境，引出下文，故选G。 2.A　根据本段可知，本段讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，A项“爱因斯坦也非常谦虚”，故选A。 3.E　根据上文可知，爱因斯坦认为书上的东西不值得去记， E项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上文，爱因斯坦认为书上的东西不值得去记，所以他从不记自己的电话号码。故选E。 4.B　由小标题和空前可知，本段主要是通过事例说明爱因斯坦很幽默，B项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选B。 5.F　根据上文可知，爱因斯坦被老师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁，承接上文，F项“当我们遇到问题时，如果我们想要放弃，我们应该想到他”符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国北宋著名的科学家沈括及其著作《梦溪笔谈》。 1.an　考查冠词。scholar是可数名词单数，且在语境中第一次出现，表示泛指，故应用不定冠词，又因all的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 2.to build　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词was，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式。序数词后常跟不定式作后置定语，故填to build。 3.to　考查介词。thanks to为固定搭配，意为“幸亏，由于”，故填to。 4.intelligent　考查形容词。空处作表语，且与diligent并列，故应用形容词形式。故填intelligent。 5.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a hill，关系词指代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。 6.flowed　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语，与上句中的谓语climbed的时态应保持一致，故用一般过去时，故填flowed。 7.traveling/travelling　考查状语从句的省略。此处是状语从句的省略，即当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且包含be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。此处可还原为：when he was travel(l)ing，故填travel(l)ing。 8.exactly　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词作状语，表示“恰好，正好”，应用副词形式，故填exactly。 9.discoveries　考查名词的数。分析可知，设空处为宾语，应用名词discovery，表示“他一生的发现”，应用复数形式。故填discoveries。 10.has been put　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语，由句中时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时；put和句子主语this amazing scientific work之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been put。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·福建福州期末)Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy.Professor Strickland is one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time.They published this Nobel­winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state.Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created. Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics.She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics.Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams. “How surprising do you think it is that you're the third woman to win this prize？” “Well, that is surprising, isn't it? I think that's the story of Maria that people want to talk about—that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized？” Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science.One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field. The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German­born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms.Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre.This year's winners hope that breaking this decades of hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research，rather than the gender of the researcher. 1.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “groundbreaking” in paragraph 2? A.Innovative.　　　 B.Contradictory. C.Concrete. D.Consistent. 2.When did the second woman winning the Nobel Prize in Physics win the honor? A.In 1903. B.In 1963. C.In 1958. D.In 1985. 3.What can be inferred from the statements in paragraph 4? A.Women's achievements in physics are as great as men's. B.Women's achievements in physics are more and more fantastic. C.Maria's discoveries resulted from her long time research. D.Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research. 4.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.A degree paper. B.A newspaper. C.A textbook. D.A guidebook. [二次精读] 重点 单词 recipient /rɪ'sɪpiənt/ n. 接受者　　　　　intense /ɪn'tens/ adj.十分强烈的 precise /prɪ'saɪs/ adj.精确的，准确的 perform /pə'fɔ：m/ v.表演；执行；运行 gender/'dʒendə(r)/ n.性别 重点 短语 be honored for　因……而受到荣誉 rather than 而不是 词块 积累 pave the way toward　　为……铺平道路 one of the largest gender gaps 最大的性别差距之一 at the current rate 按现有的速度 get recognized 得到了认可 长难句 分析 One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field. 最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，需要两个多世纪才能在该领域出现同等数量的高级男女研究人员。 分析：这是一个复合句，that引导宾语从句，until引导时间状语从句。 [背景知识] Donna Strickland(唐娜·斯特里克兰，1959年5月27日[9]—？)，加拿大女性物理学家，加拿大滑铁卢大学教授，历史上第三位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性科学家。 2018年10月2日，2018年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓，阿瑟·阿什金、热拉尔·穆鲁和唐娜·斯特里克兰共同获奖，以表彰他们“在激光物理领域的突破性发明”。唐娜·斯特里克兰的贡献为产生“高密度超短光学脉冲的方法”。唐娜·斯特里克兰获得金质奖章、证书，并与同为2018年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者的美国科学家阿瑟·阿什金和法国科学家热拉尔·穆鲁共享900万瑞典克朗(约合人民币696万元)的奖金，唐娜·斯特里克兰得到了奖金的四分之一，即225万瑞典克朗。唐娜·斯特里克兰获奖理由：为人类创造的最短最强的激光脉冲铺平了道路。他们开发的技术开辟了新的研究领域，并带来了广泛的工业和医疗应用。 B (2024·重庆阶段练习)In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use.Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it.As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it.Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”. In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University's Presbyterian Hospital in New York.He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital. As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe.Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims.Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign.Using Presbyterian Hospital's blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals.The five­month campaign collected donations from 15，000 Americans and was considered a success.His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives. With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign.He was appointed as the assistant director of a three­month pilot program to mass­produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank.His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles. 5.What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations? A.The shortage of blood donors. B.The inability to preserve blood. C.The challenge of blood infection. D.The failure to identify blood types. 6.How did Drew contribute to the Blood for Britain campaign? A.He gathered different standards for the blood collection. B.He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors. C.He helped send life­saving drugs overseas to aid in the war. D.He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma. 7.Which of the following best describes the three­month pilot program? A.Groundbreaking.　　　 B.Unpredictable. C.Economical. D.Controversial. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.The Life of Dr.Charles Drew B.The Inventor of the Blood Bank C.A Savior of Lives during Wartime D.A Pioneer in Blood Transportation [二次精读] 重点 单词 preserve /prɪ'zɜ：v/ v.　保护，维护；保持 appropriate /ə'prəʊpriət/ adj. 合适的 monumental /ˌmɒnju'ment(ə)l/ adj. 丰碑式的，伟大的；极大的 erupt /ɪ'rʌpt/ v. 喷发；爆发，突然发生 desperately /'despərətli/ adv. 绝望地，不顾一切地；非常，极其 establish /ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v. 建立，设立；证实，确定 重点 短语 break down垮掉；分解；出故障 apply...to...把……应用/涂抹于…… capitalize on利用 be appointed as被任命为…… 语块 积累 obtain one's doctorate in medicine　　获得医学博士学位 an experimental blood bank 实验性血库 a three­month pilot program 为期三个月的试点项目 长难句 分析 With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. 随着国家被卷入战争的可能性越来越大，美国希望利用德鲁从竞选中汲取到经验。 分析：这是一个复合句，with短语作整个句子的状语，that引导同位语从句，对likelihood的内容解释说明，what引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作learned的宾语。 C (2024·广州阶段练习)It is common to see most live streamers sitting in front of a desk in a well­decorated room.But Zeng Qinghuan, a 30­year­old from Xinhua County in Loudi, Hunan, has turned her whole village into alive streaming set.Her goal is to use e­commerce to help her people live a better life. Known as “Xiangmei Xinbao” on social media, Zeng now has more than 3 million followers.One of her videos about traditional ways of planting and harvesting rice has attracted more than 300，000 followers. At the beginning, she didn't make any money.Zeng's parents didn't give her any support until she could stand on her own feet and help people sell their products.She has now sold local agricultural products worth tens of millions of yuan, like fermented tofu, preserved pork and dried sweet potatoes. “I'm a daughter of the great mountains.I can also be a contributor to rural development in this new times，” she said. Zeng hopes her experience can encourage more young people to return to their rural hometowns and start their own businesses.In 2021, after she became a deputy (代表) of the Loudi Municipal People's Congress, she put forward a proposal to ensure that “each village has one product and one live streaming host of its own”.She plans to help cultivate 100 social media influencers from her county within three years, and two villages have taken part in the project.“I believe that the rural areas will become a big stage, and being a farmer will be seen as a respectable job too，” said Zeng. 9.What does Zeng mainly introduce on Douyin? A.Fashion trends in her village. B.The education in her hometown. C.Traditional customs of her village. D.Agricultural products of her hometown. 10.What is Zeng going to do according to the last paragraph? A.Invite more young people to her hometown. B.Expand her business to make more money. C.Train more social media influencers in her county. D.Produce more agricultural products to help the farmers. 11.Which of the following best describes Zeng? A.Responsible and lovely. B.Gifted and rich. C.Caring and fashionable. D.Down­to­earth and ambitious. 12.In which column of a newspaper will you probably find the article? A.Lifestyle.　　　　　　 B.Travel. C.Science Study. D.World Today. [二次精读] 重点 单词 streamer /'striːmə(r)/ n.　主播 e­commerce /i：kɒmərs/ n. 电子商务 contributor /kən'trɪbjətə(r)/ n. 捐赠者；作出贡献者 cultivate /'kʌltɪveɪt/ v. 栽培，培育 influencer/'ɪnfluənsə(r)/ n. 有影响力者 respectable /rɪ'spektəbl/ adj. 值得尊敬的；体面的 重点 短语 turn...into...将……变成……　　　live a better life过上更好的生活 more than多于，超过 stand on one's own feet自力更生 put forward提出；推荐 be seen as被视为…… 语块 积累 a well­decorated room　装修精美的房间 start one's own businesses 创业 a deputy of the Loudi Municipal People's Congress 娄底市人大代表 长难句 分析 In 2021，after she became a deputy (代表) of the Loudi Municipal People's Congress, she put forward a proposal to ensure that “each village has one product and one live streaming host of its own”. 2021年，在她成为娄底市人民代表大会的代表后，她提出了一项提案，以确保“每个村庄都有自己的一个产品和一个直播主持人”。 分析：这是一个复合句，after引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句，作ensure后面的宾语，of its own是介词短语作定语，修饰one product and one live streaming host。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·浙江杭州期中)As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time.He was also a really great person. Einstein learned from making mistakes __1__He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil.He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes. __2__ Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework.One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. Einstein considered time to be important He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was waste of time as people already wore shoes.He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it.__3__He knew what was worth remembering.It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time. Einstein liked to joke too In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year's.Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different.__4__ When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever.However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements.__5__So, never be discouraged！ A.Einstein was also very modest. B.What a humorous person he is! C.Einstein was also strict with his students. D.Give students a chance to correct their mistakes. E.That's why he never remembered his own phone number. F.If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of him. G.When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·四川遂宁阶段练习)Shen Kuo was a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was 1.________ all­round scholar of astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology and medical science.However, Shen Kuo's reputation has been mostly in the field of scientific writing: he was the first 2.________(build) solid orographic maps. Thanks 3.________ his mother, Shen Kuo received a formal education in his childhood.He was 4.________(intelligence) and diligent, and he read so much that he suffered from eye pain later in life.While in his thirties, Shen Kuo frequently dreamed of a place.In the dream, he climbed a hill, the top of 5.________ was covered with brightly colored flowers and trees.Clear waters 6.________ (flow) at the bottom of the hill, with trees on either side.Later on, when 7.________ (travel) around, he was shocked to find a piece of land that was 8.________ (exact) the one in his dream.There he settled and wrote of the 9.______ (discovery) he had made during his lifetime. This extraordinary story is the origin of Shen's Mengxibitan (《梦溪笔谈》).The book was a milestone in the history of Chinese science.So far, this amazing scientific work 10.________ (put) into a number of different languages, including English, French, German and Japanese., 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$