精品解析：湖北省2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中联考英语试题

湖北省部分高中协作体2024--2025学年下学期期中联考 高三英语试题 全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1、答题前，请将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的制定位置。 2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3、非选择题作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4、考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案写到答题栏上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What will Jane do this Friday？ A.Go out of town. B.Watch her sister's dog. C.Have dinner with her classmates. 2.Where does the conversation take place？ A.In a bookstore. B.In a shop. C.In a restaurant. 3.What would the man drink at last？ A.Orange juice. B.Grape juice. C.Apple juice. 4.What will the man do？ A.Change the plan. B.Wait for a phone call. C.Sort things out. 5.What are the speakers talking about？ A.Organization of events. B.Time management. C.Reading. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Why does the woman ask to go to the chemistry lab？ A.To check the equipment. B.To follow the man closely. C.To do an experiment again. 7.What does the man remind the woman to do at last？ A.Go home early. B.Turn off the light. C.Look after herself. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.What is the woman？ A.A chef. B.A waitress. C.A taxi driver. 9.What does the man say about the pie？ A.He can't eat it. BHe doesn't like it. C.He misses the taste very much. 10.Which dessert does the man order？ A.The chocolate cake. B.The fruit salad. C.Nothing. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.Why does the woman dislike the city？ A.The air is not fresh. B.The streets are crowded. C.It is difficult to park the car. 12.What can we learn about the man？ A.He lives near his workplace. B.He takes the subway to work. C.He dreams to have a big house. 13.What does the woman plan to do？ A.Find a new job. B.Move out of the city. C.Keep a pet dog. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14.Where did the woman spend her holiday？ A.In the garden. B.By the seaside. C.In the mountains. 15.What have the woman's parents been doing recently？ A.Moving. B.Decorating the house. C.Enjoying the holiday. 16.Where did the woman live during her holiday？ A.In an apartment. B.In a storeroom. C.In a tree house. 17.When will the man come for a visit？ A.This year. BNext month. C.Next year. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18.How many key cultural sites are expected to be listed under state protection in 2020 in China？ A.1，800.　 B.1，000.　 C.770. 19.What did the Chinese government do with the cultural sites in the 1990s？ A.It passed new laws to protect them. B.It spent much money on their protection. C.It used special technology to protect them. 20.In what aspect does the Chinese government protect cultural cities？ A.Agricultural technology. B.The natural environment. C.Ancient buildings and traditional cultures. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Here are several places which will surprise you. Death Valley, California, USA Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there. Kebili, Tunisia Tunisia’s close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade. Date palms are one of the key features of this place. Wādī Halfā, Sudan The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. You would think that it should be a little bit cooler for it is the most northern place in Sudan. Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran It’s another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes. 1. What can we say about Death Valley? A. There is little rainfall in it. B. Over 1, 000 people live there. C. There is nothing but dry hot sand in it. D. Its average temperature is 56.7℃. 2. Which place has the highest temperature ever recorded? A. Death Valley. B. Dasht-e Lut Desert. C. Wādī Halfā. D. Kebili. 3. What do the four places have in common? A. They are places suitable to settle in. B. They are located close to deserts. C. They are the hottest places on earth. D. They are more popular with tourists than other places. B Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren’t very interesting, you’re thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death. One of the very earliest way-marks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built. This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town. Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further. Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments. “How times change!” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed. “I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us” “Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.” “I’m always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route,” she added, “I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.” Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn’t easy to know if we’ve chosen the best one. Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. After all, we’d be lost without them! 4. What does the underlined word “these ” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Signposts. B. Abilities. C. Settlements. D. Shelters. 5. What contributed to the initial spread of signposts? A. The market trade. B. The act passed in 1697. C. The discovery of the sandstone. D. The appearance of the Royal Mail. 6. What does Lucy think of signposts? A. Popular. B. Outdated. C. Imperfect. D. Helpful. 7. What does the author learn from signposts? A. To choose right tracks. B. To live a colorful life. C. To have a grateful mind. D. To offer practical choices. C Scientists at Purdue University created the world’s whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the “which white should we paint this wall” dilemma, but also might help the climate crisis. The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. “When we started this project seven years ago, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind,” Ruan said in a podcast (播客) episode of This Is Purdue. They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building, dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning. Heating, cooling, and lighting account for 28 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions. And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city’s power grid and cause blackouts (停电). In a Queens blackout in 2006, 175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places. The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found.“That’s more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,”Ruan told This Is Purdue. You can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it’s important to note that the vast majority of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot. 8. What is known about the paint? A. It has different colors. B. It doesn’t cost much. C. It uses heating technology. D. It is climate-friendly. 9. What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show? A. The poor management of power. B. The significance of the paint. C. The importance of air conditioning. D. The result of global warming. 10. Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4? A. Its application. B. Its function. C. Its composition. D. Its disadvantage. 11. What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. The quality of the paint needs improving. B. The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies. C. Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use. D. Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint. D Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot. Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场). The authors then presented 767 U. S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers. Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments. The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings. 12. What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance like according to Paragraph 2? A. Inconsistent. B. Valuable. C. Creative. D. Simple. 13. What is learned about the participants? A They admitted the power of ChatGPT. B. They were interviewed by a moral advisor. C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly. D. They were presented with different moral dilemmas. 14. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Different findings of the study. B. Future potentials for chatbots. C. Major focuses of future education. D. Solutions to the impact of chatbots. 15 What is the best title for the text? A. ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics B. ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life? C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game. And, though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ____18____ Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ____19____ This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ____20____ A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general. B. During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew. C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Boundary”. D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people. E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess. F. An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard. G. Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One summer night in a seaside cottage, a small boy was in bed, sound asleep. Suddenly, he felt himself ____21____from bed and carried in his father’s arms on to the beach. Overhead was the clear starry sky. “Watch!” As his father spoke,____22____, one of the stars moved. It ____23____across the sky like a golden fire. And before the ____24____of this could fade, another star leapt from its place, then another... “What is it?” the child asked in ____25____. “Shooting stars. They____26____every year on a certain night in August.” That was all: just an ____27____encounter of something magic and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared into the dark, with mind full of the falling stars. I was the____28____seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience ____29____more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. That night, my father opened a door for his child, leading him into an area of splendid____30____.Children are naturally curious, but they need someone to____31____them. This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t ____32____require a great deal of time. It simply____33____doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them. Good parents know this: The most precious gift they can give a child is to spark their flame of ____34____That night is still deeply____35____in my memory. Next year, when August comes with its shooting stars, my son will be seven. 21. A. hidden B. robbed C. lifted D. kicked 22. A. incredibly B. accidentally C. apparently D. actually 23. A. exploded B. circled C. spread D. flashed 24. A. success B. wonder C. exhibition D. discovery 25. A. amazement B. horror C. relief D. delight 26. A. blow up B. turn up C. show off D. give out 27. A. uncomfortable B. unbearable C. undetected D. unexpected 28. A. curious B. determined C. fortunate D. chosen 29. A. worked B. mattered C. deserved D. proved 30. A. newness B. emptiness C. freedom D. innovation 31. A. protect B. challenge C. guide D. believe 32. A. absolutely B. basically C. possibly D. necessarily 33. A. involves B. risks C. admits D. resists 34. A. hope B. curiosity C. faith D. wisdom 35. A. trapped B. set C. lost D. rooted 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people like to start their day with a nice hot drink. But what heats up must cool down, and that can be frustrating if you haven’t finished your drink. Now, professor Dr. Alon Gorodetsky in University of California Irvine reveals a new invention: a thermoregulatory (温度调节的) material____36____ imitates the way octopus (章鱼)skin works. Gorodetsky ____37____ (fall) in love with octopuses the moment he saw a video of an octopus hiding itself in a rock, which led him to create the material ____38____ (inspire) by octopus skin. Octopuses have the amazing ability to hide____39____ (they) in their environments, using unique organs in their skin that can shrink and expand within seconds. As a result, octopus skin can reflect different____40____ (wavelength) of colour. It is this aspect of octopus biology that was the inspiration for the ____41____ (develop) of the new material. The new material acts like octopus skin, expanding or contracting to reflect heat instead of color. This new material could be used____42____ (create) emergency heating blankets, and it can even help keep your computers ____43____ overheating. Best of all, ____44____ new thermoregulatory material is inexpensive to produce, and very environmentally friendly as it is durable and____45____ (easy) reusable. 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 46. 你校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生的影响”进行了问卷调查。请你根据下面的调查数据写一篇短文，内容包括： 1.调查结果描述； 2.课外阅读倡议。 I think English extracurricular reading improves my… (Percentage of People) Sense of Language 60.50% Writing 73.80% Interest in English 78.20% 参考词汇：extracurricular课外的 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse sill, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore. They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day’s hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure. That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice,“It’s those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.”Understanding the pair’s disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted,”Well, it’s really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us.”complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other.Suddenly, an idea lashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!” the pair said in chorus. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 湖北省部分高中协作体2024--2025学年下学期期中联考 高三英语试题 全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1、答题前，请将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的制定位置。 2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3、非选择题作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4、考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案写到答题栏上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What will Jane do this Friday？ A.Go out of town. B.Watch her sister's dog. C.Have dinner with her classmates. 2.Where does the conversation take place？ A.In a bookstore. B.In a shop. C.In a restaurant. 3.What would the man drink at last？ A.Orange juice. B.Grape juice. C.Apple juice. 4.What will the man do？ A.Change the plan. B.Wait for a phone call. C.Sort things out. 5.What are the speakers talking about？ A.Organization of events. B.Time management. C.Reading. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Why does the woman ask to go to the chemistry lab？ A.To check the equipment. B.To follow the man closely. C.To do an experiment again. 7.What does the man remind the woman to do at last？ A.Go home early. B.Turn off the light. C.Look after herself. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.What is the woman？ A.A chef. B.A waitress. C.A taxi driver. 9.What does the man say about the pie？ A.He can't eat it. B.He doesn't like it. C.He misses the taste very much. 10.Which dessert does the man order？ A.The chocolate cake. B.The fruit salad. C.Nothing. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.Why does the woman dislike the city？ A.The air is not fresh. B.The streets are crowded. C.It is difficult to park the car. 12.What can we learn about the man？ A.He lives near his workplace. B.He takes the subway to work. C.He dreams to have a big house. 13.What does the woman plan to do？ A.Find a new job. B.Move out of the city. C.Keep a pet dog. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14.Where did the woman spend her holiday？ A.In the garden. B.By the seaside. C.In the mountains. 15.What have the woman's parents been doing recently？ A.Moving. B.Decorating the house. C.Enjoying the holiday. 16.Where did the woman live during her holiday？ A.In an apartment. B.In a storeroom. C.In a tree house. 17.When will the man come for a visit？ A.This year. B.Next month. C.Next year. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18.How many key cultural sites are expected to be listed under state protection in 2020 in China？ A.1，800.　 B.1，000.　 C.770. 19.What did the Chinese government do with the cultural sites in the 1990s？ A.It passed new laws to protect them. B.It spent much money on their protection. C.It used special technology to protect them. 20.In what aspect does the Chinese government protect cultural cities？ A.Agricultural technology. B.The natural environment. C.Ancient buildings and traditional cultures. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Here are several places which will surprise you. Death Valley, California, USA Very lively at night but completely dead during the day this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there. Kebili, Tunisia Tunisia’s close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade. Date palms are one of the key features of this place. Wādī Halfā, Sudan The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. You would think that it should be a little bit cooler for it is the most northern place in Sudan. Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran It’s another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes. 1. What can we say about Death Valley? A. There is little rainfall in it. B. Over 1, 000 people live there. C. There is nothing but dry hot sand in it. D. Its average temperature is 56.7℃. 2. Which place has the highest temperature ever recorded? A. Death Valley. B. Dasht-e Lut Desert. C. Wādī Halfā. D. Kebili. 3. What do the four places have in common? A. They are places suitable to settle in. B. They are located close to deserts. C. They are the hottest places on earth. D. They are more popular with tourists than other places. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人大吃一惊的四个不同的地方，它们共同的特点是都非常炎热。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Death Valley, California, USA”下文详细介绍“Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there.( 这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。)”可知 Death Valley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Death Valley, California, USA”下文中的“It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. (它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。)”、“Kebili, Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’s close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。)”、“Wādī Halfā, Sudan”下文中的“With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. (这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran”下文中的“It’s another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. (这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。)”可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-e Lut 沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Death Valley, California, USA”下文中的“Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there.(晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46°C，但在1913年已达到56.7°C，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里。)”、“Kebili, Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’s close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade. (突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过。)”、“Wādī Halfā, Sudan”下文中的“The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. (这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran”下文中的“It’s another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes. (这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。)”可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。 B Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren’t very interesting, you’re thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death. One of the very earliest way-marks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built. This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town. Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further. Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments. “How times change!” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed. “I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us.” “Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.” “I’m always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route,” she added, “I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.” Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn’t easy to know if we’ve chosen the best one. Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. After all, we’d be lost without them! 4. What does the underlined word “these ” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Signposts. B. Abilities. C. Settlements. D. Shelters. 5. What contributed to the initial spread of signposts? A. The market trade. B. The act passed in 1697. C. The discovery of the sandstone. D. The appearance of the Royal Mail. 6. What does Lucy think of signposts? A. Popular. B. Outdated. C. Imperfect. D. Helpful. 7. What does the author learn from signposts? A. To choose right tracks. B. To live a colorful life. C. To have a grateful mind. D. To offer practical choices. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中掌握了解到关于路标的知识。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren’t very interesting, you’re thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost!(最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及划线词所在句“Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart.(当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些)”可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built.(最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标)”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段““Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.” “I’m always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route,” she added, “I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.” (“然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。“无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，”她补充说，“我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。”)”可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track.(也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！)”可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C项。 C Scientists at Purdue University created the world’s whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the “which white should we paint this wall” dilemma, but also might help the climate crisis. The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. “When we started this project seven years ago, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind,” Ruan said in a podcast (播客) episode of This Is Purdue. They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building, dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning. Heating, cooling, and lighting account for 28 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions. And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city’s power grid and cause blackouts (停电). In a Queens blackout in 2006, 175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places. The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found.“That’s more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,”Ruan told This Is Purdue. You can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it’s important to note that the vast majority of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot. 8. What is known about the paint? A. It has different colors. B. It doesn’t cost much. C. It uses heating technology. D. It is climate-friendly. 9. What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show? A. The poor management of power. B. The significance of the paint. C. The importance of air conditioning. D. The result of global warming. 10. Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4? A. Its application. B. Its function. C. Its composition. D. Its disadvantage. 11. What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. The quality of the paint needs improving. B. The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies. C. Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use. D. Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了普渡大学的科学家们创造了世界上最白的涂料——这一发现不仅为“我们应该把这面墙涂成哪种白色”的困境增加了另一个选择，而且可能有助于解决气候危机。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming.”（这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。）可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a Queens blackout in 2006,175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.”（在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。）可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found. “That’s more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,”Ruan told This Is Purdue.”（这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。“这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，”阮告诉This Is Purdue。）可知，第4段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it’s important to note that the vast majority of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot.”（你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。）可推知，从最后一段可以得知研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C项。 D Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot. Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场). The authors then presented 767 U. S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers. Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments. The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings. 12. What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance like according to Paragraph 2? A. Inconsistent. B. Valuable. C. Creative. D. Simple. 13. What is learned about the participants? A. They admitted the power of ChatGPT. B. They were interviewed by a moral advisor. C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly. D. They were presented with different moral dilemmas. 14. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Different findings of the study. B. Future potentials for chatbots. C. Major focuses of future education. D. Solutions to the impact of chatbots. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics B. ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life? C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响)”以及倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game. And, though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ____18____ Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ____19____ This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ____20____ A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general. B. During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew. C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Boundary”. D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people. E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess. F. An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard. G. Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。 【16题详解】 上文“If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着 T 恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。 【18题详解】 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。 【19题详解】 上文“Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. ”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。 【20题详解】 根据上文“The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One summer night in a seaside cottage, a small boy was in bed, sound asleep. Suddenly, he felt himself ____21____from bed and carried in his father’s arms on to the beach. Overhead was the clear starry sky. “Watch!” As his father spoke,____22____, one of the stars moved. It ____23____across the sky like a golden fire. And before the ____24____of this could fade, another star leapt from its place, then another... “What is it?” the child asked in ____25____. “Shooting stars. They____26____every year on a certain night in August.” That was all: just an ____27____encounter of something magic and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared into the dark, with mind full of the falling stars. I was the____28____seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience ____29____more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. That night my father opened a door for his child, leading him into an area of splendid____30____.Children are naturally curious, but they need someone to____31____them. This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t ____32____require a great deal of time. It simply____33____doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them. Good parents know this: The most precious gift they can give a child is to spark their flame of ____34____That night is still deeply____35____in my memory. Next year, when August comes with its shooting stars, my son will be seven. 21. A. hidden B. robbed C. lifted D. kicked 22. A. incredibly B. accidentally C. apparently D. actually 23. A. exploded B. circled C. spread D. flashed 24. A. success B. wonder C. exhibition D. discovery 25. A. amazement B. horror C. relief D. delight 26. A. blow up B. turn up C. show off D. give out 27. A. uncomfortable B. unbearable C. undetected D. unexpected 28 A. curious B. determined C. fortunate D. chosen 29. A. worked B. mattered C. deserved D. proved 30. A. newness B. emptiness C. freedom D. innovation 31. A. protect B. challenge C. guide D. believe 32. A. absolutely B. basically C. possibly D. necessarily 33. A. involves B. risks C. admits D. resists 34. A. hope B. curiosity C. faith D. wisdom 35. A. trapped B. set C. lost D. rooted 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了我的父亲在我七岁时的一个晚上抱我到海滩看流星，激发了我的好奇心。进而提到好的父母都知道给孩子的最珍贵的礼物就是激发他们的好奇心。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，他感到自己被从床上抱起来，被父亲抱到海滩上。A. hidden隐藏；B. robbed抢劫；C. lifted抬起；移开；移动；D. kicked踢。根据下文“and carried in his father’s arms on to the beach”可知，此处指他被父亲从床上抱起来，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：头顶上是晴朗的星空。“看！”当他的父亲说话时，令人难以置信的是，其中一颗星星动了。A. incredibly不可思议地；B. accidentally意外地；C. apparently明显地；D. actually事实上。根据上文“Watch!”及下文“one of the stars moved”可知，一颗星星在他父亲说话的时候开始移动，这让人觉得不可思议。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它像一团金色的火焰划过天空。A. exploded爆炸；B. circled环绕；盘旋；C. spread传播；D. flashed飞速运动；掠过。根据下文“across the sky like a golden fire. And before the ____ of this could fade, another star leapt from its place, then another...”可知，此处指星星划过夜空，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这奇迹消失之前，另一颗星星从原来的位置跃出，接着又一颗……。A. success成功； B. wonder奇迹； C. exhibition展览； D. discovery发现。根据上文“one of the stars moved.”及下文“another star leapt from its place, then another...”可知，一颗接着一颗星星不断的在天空中划过，这是一个奇迹。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是什么？”孩子惊奇地问。A. amazement惊奇；惊愕；B. horror惊骇；C. relief安慰；减轻；D. delight高兴。根据上文“one of the stars moved.”及下文“another star leapt from its place, then another...”可知，星星一颗接着一颗从天空中划过的景象，对孩子来说是很惊讶的事。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“流星。它们每年八月的某个晚上都会出现。”A. blow up爆发；爆炸；B. turn up出现；发生；C. show off炫耀；D. give out用光；耗尽。根据上文“one of the stars moved.”及下文“another star leapt from its place, then another...”可知，此处指每年八月的某个晚上流星都会出现。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是一切：只是一种神奇而美丽的东西的意外相遇。但是，回到床上，孩子盯着黑暗，满脑子都是流星。A. uncomfortable不舒服的； B. unbearable难以忍受的； C. undetected未被发现的；未被觉察的； D. unexpected意外的；突如其来的。根据上文“Shooting stars”及下文“encounter of something magic and beautiful”可知，此处指男孩意外看到流星，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我就是那个幸运的七岁男孩，我的父亲认为，对一个小男孩来说，新的经历比一夜的安稳睡眠更重要。A. curious好奇的；B. determined坚定的；坚决的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. chosen被选中的；根据前文讲述的男孩意外看到流星的事情可知，此处作者说自己就是那个幸运的男孩。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. worked起效；B. mattered重要；C. deserved应得到；D. proved证明。根据上文“a new experience ”及下文“more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.”可知，此处指新的经历更重要。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，父亲为他的孩子打开了一扇门，把他带进了一片崭新的天地。A. newness新奇；崭新；B. emptiness空虚；空旷；C. freedom自由；D. innovation创新；革新。根据前文“whose father believed that a new experience ____ more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep”及下文“This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world ”可知，我的父亲让我相信新的经历更重要，此处指父亲带我看到流星现象，让我了解到新事物。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生好奇，但他们需要有人引导。A. protect保护；B. challenge挑战；C. guide引导；操纵；D. believe相信。根据前文“my father opened a door for his child, leading him into an area ”可知，此处指孩子要有人引导。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种为孩子的世界增添新维度的艺术并不一定需要很多时间。A. absolutely绝对地；B. basically基本地；C. possibly可能地；D. necessarily必需地；根据下文“It simply ____ doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them. ”可知，此处指给孩子的世界增添新维度的艺术并不一定需要很多时间。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它只是需要更多地与孩子们一起做事情，而不是为他们或为他们做事情。A. involves包含；需要；B. risks冒险；C. admits承认；D. resists抵抗；抵制。根据上文“doesn’t ____ require a great deal of time”下文“doing things more often with children”可知，为孩子的世界增添新维度需要父母和孩子们一起做事。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的父母知道这一点：他们能给孩子的最珍贵的礼物是激发他们的好奇心。A. hope希望；B. curiosity好奇心；C. faith信任；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Children are naturally curious”可知，此处指好的父母知道激发孩子们的好奇心。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个夜晚仍然深深地印在我的记忆里。A. trapped使……陷入困境；B. set设置；C. lost失去；D. rooted生根。根据下文“Next year, when August comes with its shooting stars, my son will be seven.”可知，我打算在明年的八月份的某个夜晚带自己的七岁的孩子看流星，可推知，父亲带我一起看流星的记忆植根于我的记忆，be rooted in固定搭配，意为“植根于”。故选D。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people like to start their day with a nice hot drink. But what heats up must cool down, and that can be frustrating if you haven’t finished your drink. Now, professor Dr. Alon Gorodetsky in University of California Irvine reveals a new invention: a thermoregulatory (温度调节的) material____36____ imitates the way octopus (章鱼)skin works. Gorodetsky ____37____ (fall) in love with octopuses the moment he saw a video of an octopus hiding itself in a rock, which led him to create the material ____38____ (inspire) by octopus skin. Octopuses have the amazing ability to hide____39____ (they) in their environments, using unique organs in their skin that can shrink and expand within seconds. As a result, octopus skin can reflect different____40____ (wavelength) of colour. It is this aspect of octopus biology that was the inspiration for the ____41____ (develop) of the new material. The new material acts like octopus skin, expanding or contracting to reflect heat instead of color. This new material could be used____42____ (create) emergency heating blankets, and it can even help keep your computers ____43____ overheating. Best of all, ____44____ new thermoregulatory material is inexpensive to produce, and very environmentally friendly as it is durable and____45____ (easy) reusable. 【答案】36. which##that 37. fell 38. inspired 39. themselves 40 wavelengths 41. development 42. to create 43. from 44. the 45. easily 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种模仿章鱼皮肤工作方式的体温调节材料。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，加州大学欧文分校的Alon Gorodetsky教授揭示了一项新发明：一种模仿章鱼皮肤工作方式的体温调节材料。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a thermoregulatory (温度调节的) material，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：Gorodetsky在看到一段章鱼藏在岩石中的视频的那一刻就爱上了章鱼，这让他创作了受章鱼皮肤启发的材料。空处为主句谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词saw可知，此处也陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填fell。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。定语从句中已有谓语动词led，空处应填非谓语动词，inspire和逻辑主语material之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填inspired。 【39题详解】 考查代词。句意：章鱼有一种神奇的能力，可以将自己隐藏在环境中，它们皮肤上独特的器官可以在几秒钟内收缩和扩张。当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词；此处指“章鱼自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 【40题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：因此，章鱼的皮肤可以反射不同波长的颜色。wavelength“波长”是可数名词，被different修饰，应用其复数形式。故填wavelengths。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：正是章鱼生物学的这一方面启发了这种新材料的开发。空处应填名词构成名词所有格，development“开发”是不可数名词，the development of the new matrial“这种新材料的开发”。故填development。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新材料可以用来制造紧急加热毯，它甚至可以帮助防止你的电脑过热。be used to do“被用来做……”，不定式作目的状语。故填to create。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意同上。keep...from...“使……免受……（的伤害）”是固定短语。故填from。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：最棒的是，这种新型温度调节材料生产成本低廉，而且非常环保，因为它耐用且易于重复使用。此处特指上文提到的那种新型温度调节材料，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。修饰形容词reusable应用所给词的副词形式。故填easily。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 46. 你校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生的影响”进行了问卷调查。请你根据下面的调查数据写一篇短文，内容包括： 1.调查结果描述； 2.课外阅读倡议。 I think English extracurricular reading improves my… (Percentage of People) Sense of Language 60.50% Writing 73.80% Interest in English 78.20% 参考词汇：extracurricular课外的 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, our school newspaper has conducted a survey on what English extracurricular reading brings us. The survey shows the most percentage, up to 78.2%, goes to Interest in English, which is important for reading achievement. When people read extensively, they become better writers and 73.8% of the students think so. 60.5% of the students believe that extracurricular reading helps them improve sense of language. English extracurricular reading has a lot to offer. Let’s read for pleasure, for proficiency and for wisdom! 【解析】 【导语】本文是开放性作文。要求考生阐述校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生影响”进行的问卷调查结果。 【详解】1.词汇积累 最近：Recently→lately 实施：conduct→carry out 重要的：important→be of importance 提供：offer→provide 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：English extracurricular reading has a lot to offer. 拓展句：English extracurricular reading has a lot that can be offered. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The survey shows the most percentage, up to 78.2%, goes to Interest in English, which is important for reading achievement.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When people read extensively, they become better writers and 73.8% of the students think so.（由When引导的时间状语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse sill, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore. They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day’s hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure. That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice,“It’s those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.”Understanding the pair’s disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted,”Well, it’s really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us.”complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other.Suddenly, an idea lashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!” the pair said in chorus. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. Maria and Peter decided to take advantage of the Internet. “Maybe we can write an article to arouse people's awareness.” Maria proposed. “Good idea! We can also make a video!" Peter added. The next few hours witnessed their heated discussion and growing confidence in a clean and beautiful coast. The next day, they went to the beach and filmed a short video showing plastic bags lying on the beach and floating in the sea. Peter, who was good at writing, wrote an article talking about the present situation of the beach and asking people to take part in the clean-up. Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. To their amazement, their post went viral online immediately. Countless comments flooded in saying how heartbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean. What amazed Maria and Peter more was that numerous people in their community, encouraged by their efforts, offered to join in their clean-up. More and more people came to the beach to collect plastic bags and they also appealed to others to avoid throwing or using plastic bags. A year later, with their joint and continuous effort, the coast regained its beauty and Maria and Peter regained their long-awaited pleasure. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了住在沿海城市的玛丽亚和彼得发现塑料袋被扔在海滩上，对此很苦恼，决定要做点什么来阻止美丽的大海被浪费掉。于是他们决定通过在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。视频和文章得到了人们积极响应。在大家的共同和持续努力下，海岸恢复了美丽。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“两人很快吃完晚饭，上楼开始计划。”可知，第一段可描写Maria and Peter商量对策，决定在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。 ②由第二段首句内容“他们既兴奋又紧张，在微信上发布了这段视频和文章。”可知，第二段可描写视频和文章在网上发布后得到的反应以及大家的行动和结果。 2.续写线索：商量——做视频——呼吁——反应——行动——沙滩变美 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①利用：take advantage of /make use of ②建议：propose/suggest /advise ③鼓舞：encourage/inspire 情绪类 ①惊讶：amazement /surprise ②伤心：heartbroken /broken-hearted/sad 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. Peter, who was good at writing, wrote an article talking about the present situation of the beach and asking people to take part in the clean-up.（运用了关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句） [高分句型2]. Countless comments flooded in saying how heartbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean.（由连接词how引导的宾语从句作saying的宾语） [高分句型3]. What amazed Maria and Peter more was that numerous people in their community, encouraged by their efforts, offered to join in their clean-up.（由连接代词what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $