精品解析：2025届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试题

西城区高三统一测试试卷 英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved to Newton, Boston, they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors, who greeted them with homemade cookies and casseroles. They quickly got used to the ___1___ neighborhood and felt an immediate sense of ___2___. Soon after, they had a baby, Samantha, but discovered she was born deaf. Although the neighbors were excited to meet the new baby, they were also aware of the ___3___ the Savitz family would face. Jill McNeil, one of the neighbors, suggested that they all learn sign language together to help Samantha communicate. Jill, who grew up in a tight-knit (紧密团结) community, believed in the power of helping each other, ___4___ when it came to children. Over the next few months, the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs, all while keeping their plan a ___5___. They wanted to surprise the Savitz family with their new ___6___ to communicate. When the big moment came, the Savitz family was deeply moved. Glenda and Raphael were amazed by the effort their neighbors had ___7___ learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter. It was a very touching and meaningful moment for the family. They felt incredibly ___8___. As Samantha grew, the neighbors kept including her in everything, making sure she never ___9___ left out. The support from the community made a lasting impact on the Savitz family, showing how neighbors can come together to make a real ____10____ in each other’s lives. 1. A. friendly B. peaceful C. quiet D. convenient 2. A. belonging B. relief C. hope D. freedom 3. A. truth B. choices C. challenges D. threat 4. A. naturally B. especially C. immediately D. similarly 5. A. priority B. dream C. goal D. secret 6. A. media B. technology C. ability D. opportunity 7. A. drawn on B. backed up C. relied on D. put in 8. A. proud B. grateful C. relaxed D. satisfied 9. A. felt B. looked C. remained D. turned 10. A. point B. living C. difference D. commitment 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Savitz一家搬到波士顿后受到新邻居的热烈欢迎，当邻居知道他们的宝宝是聋的以后，努力学习手语以便于和这个宝宝交流的暖心故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就适应了这个友好的社区，并立刻有了归属感。A. friendly友好的；B. peaceful平静的；C. quiet安静的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors”可知，这个社区很友好。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就适应了这个友好的社区，并立刻有了归属感。A. belonging归属感；B. relief缓解；C. hope希望；D. freedom自由。根据上文“they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors”可知，这个社区邻居的友好让他们有了归属感。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然邻居们很高兴见到这个新宝宝，但他们也意识到Savitz一家将面临的挑战。A. truth真相；B. choices选择；C. challenges挑战；D. threat威胁。根据上文“discovered she was born deaf”可知，那个宝宝天生是聋的，所以Savitz一家将面临挑战。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jill在一个关系紧密的社区长大，她相信互相帮助的力量，尤其是在孩子们身上。A. naturally自然地；B. especially尤其；C. immediately立刻；D. similarly相似地。根据下文“when it came to children”可知，Jill相信互相帮助的力量，尤其是在孩子们身上。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，这个由18个邻居组成的小组努力学习基本的手语，同时对他们的计划保密。A. priority优先事项；B. dream梦；C. goal目标；D. secret秘密。根据下文“They wanted to surprise the Savitz family”可知，邻居们把这个计划保密。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想用新的沟通能力给Savitz一家一个惊喜。A. media媒体；B. technology技术；C. ability能力；D. opportunity机会。根据上文“learn the basic signs”可知，邻居学习手语，这是一种新的沟通能力。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Glenda和Raphael对邻居们为了和女儿交流而学习一门新语言所付出的努力感到惊讶。A. drawn on利用，借鉴；B. backed up支持；C. relied on依靠；D. put in投入。根据上一段“the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs”可知，那些邻居为了和Savitz的女儿沟通而努力学习手语，空格处意为“投入”。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们感到无比感激。A. proud骄傲的；B. grateful感激的；C. relaxed放松的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter”可知，邻居为了和自己的女儿沟通而学习新的语言，这让Savitz一家感激。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着Samantha的成长，邻居们一直让她参与所有的事情，确保她不会感到被冷落。A. felt感觉；B. looked看；C. remained保持；D. turned转向。根据上文“the neighbors kept including her in everything”可知，邻居们确保Samantha不会感到被冷落。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社区的支持对Savitz一家产生了持久的影响，表明邻居们可以团结起来，真正改变彼此的生活。A. point点；B. living生计；C. difference不同；D. commitment忠诚。根据上文“made a lasting impact on the Savitz family”可知，邻居们可以团结起来，真正改变彼此的生活，make a difference意为“产生影响”。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Last summer, I joined a community garden project in my neighborhood. At first, I was nervous about working with _____11_____ (stranger), but everyone was welcoming and enthusiastic. I learned how to plant vegetables and care for flowers. In autumn, we had a big harvest and decided to donate the fresh produce to a local food bank. I never expected that our small efforts could create such an effect. The surprise came when I received a thank-you letter from a family _____12_____ benefited from our donations. It made me realize how powerful _____13_____ (kind) can be! 【答案】11. strangers 12. who##that 13. kindness 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从事社区花园项目，学会了如何种菜和养花，还得到了他人的感谢信。 【11题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：起初，我对和陌生人一起工作感到紧张，但每个人都很热情好客。前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一用复数形式。故填strangers。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：让我惊喜的是，我收到了一封感谢信，来自一个受益于我们捐款的家庭。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是family，指人，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：这让我意识到善良的力量是多么强大！此处作从句的主语，应用名词kindness，不可数。故填kindness。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Tsinghua University plans to increase its undergraduate enrollment (本科招生人数) ____14____ about 150 in 2025 and establish a new undergraduate school focused on combining artificial intelligence (AI) with various fields of study. The new school____15____ (make) use of Tsinghua’s strengths, ____16____ (highlight) AI’s role in education and research. It ____17____ (aim) to explore AI-driven learning models and develop students with diverse skills, a solid understanding of AI and creative thinking. 【答案】14. by 15. will make 16. highlighting 17. aims 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清华大学的将要成立新的本科学院，专注于将人工智能与各个研究领域相结合。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：清华大学计划在2025年将本科招生人数增加约150人，并建立一所新的本科学院，专注于将人工智能（AI）与各个研究领域相结合。短语increase by表示“增加了……”。故填by。 【15题详解】 考查时态。句意：新学院将利用清华大学的优势，突出人工智能在教育和研究中的作用。此处动作发生在将来，用一般将来时。故填will make。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：新学院将利用清华大学的优势，突出人工智能在教育和研究中的作用。此处highlight与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填highlighting。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：它旨在探索人工智能驱动的学习模式，培养具有多样化技能、对人工智能有扎实理解和创造性思维的学生。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故填aims。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 At a 200-megawatt (兆瓦) wind farm in Hengshui, Hebei, the world’s largest tonnage wheeled crane (起重机), the XCA4000, completed its first lift in March 2024. It ____18____ (lift) a 130-metric-ton nacelle, a 40-ton hub and three 95-meter-long blades weighing 28 tons each, to a height of 162 meters for assembly (组装) on the tower. The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies ____19____ (ensure) safety during operation. With more than a dozen sensors ____20____ (distribute) in the facility, it can detect and address potential safety dangers in real time. 【答案】18. lifted 19. to ensure 20. distributed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的吨位轮式起重机XCA4000的情况。 【18题详解】 考查时态。句意：它将一个130吨的机舱，一个40吨的轮毂和三个95米长的叶片（每个重28吨）提升到162米的高度，以便在塔上组装。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填lifted。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：XCA4000具有自主开发的控制系统和技术，确保运行安全。此处ensure作目的状语，用不定式。故填to ensure。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在设施中分布了十多个传感器，可以实时检测和解决潜在的安全隐患。此处distribute与sensors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填distributed。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） A In today’s fast-paced digital world many of us struggle with distraction and burnout. It’s challenging to stay focused and productive with constant interruptions and the pressure to manage multiple tasks. Therefore we bring to you — The Sukha app. Sukha is a productivity-boosting focus app that helps you complete tasks more efficiently by providing tools that promote focus and community support. This productivity software silences distractions (干扰), plays focus music, and starts a pomodoro timer (番茄计时器) with just a click. Sukha ensures you stay on track and finish your work faster. Features of Sukha Phone Distraction Elimination (消除) Silence distractions and create a best work environment to ensure you stay focused on the task at hand, minimizing interruptions and increasing efficiency. The next time you pick up your smartphone, the screen will automatically start flashing to keep you away from it. Focus Music ● Offers a selection of focus music tracks that help you get into the flow and maintain your concentration for longer periods. Community Integration ● Work alongside friends and people around the world. ● Feel part of a supportive community by seeing others working in real time, providing motivation and reducing the sense of isolation (孤立). Sukha VS Other Productivity Apps There are many other productivity apps. They are also simple and easy to use and set up. While these types of tools offer different features, they tend to work in isolation. However, Sukha takes a unique approach. With Sukha, your needs are met in one place. You can integrate other apps into the platform. For example, by adding your Calendar, you ensure that you’re on time for any upcoming online meetings. Productivity isn’t limited to the platform but extends to integrated apps. You have a complete system to work smarter. This doesn’t happen elsewhere but within Sukha. Sukha Pricing We are excited to announce that Sukha now offers a 14-day free trial for all new users. After the conclusion of your 14-day trial, you will be automatically moved to the Basic Plan at no cost. However, if you wish to continue with the Pro Subscription, you need to pay $10 per month. If you have any questions regarding the Sukha Pro Subscription or the 14-day trial version, please do not hesitate to get in touch with our support team at support@centered.app. So, what are you waiting for? 21. What is the aim of Sukha? A. To create focus music. B. To produce novel ideas. C. To enhance working efficiency. D. To unite a whole community. 22. What is unique to Sukha? A. It’s easy to use and set up. B. It provides different features. C. It can minimize interruptions. D. It works together with other apps. 23. How will Sukha charge users after the trial period? A. Users will continue to have access to all features for free. B. Users will be charged a one-time fee of 10 after the trial. C. Users will be charged 10 per month for the Pro Subscription. D. Users will automatically be moved to the Pro Subscription at no cost. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款提高工作效率的应用程序Sukha的情况。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Sukha is a productivity-boosting focus app that helps you complete tasks more efficiently by providing tools that promote focus and community support.(Sukha是一款提高工作效率的专注应用程序，通过提供促进专注和社区支持的工具，帮助你更有效地完成任务)”可知，Sukha的目的是提高工作效率。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However, Sukha takes a unique approach. With Sukha, your needs are met in one place. You can integrate other apps into the platform.(然而，Sukha采用了一种独特的方法。有了Sukha，你的需求在一个地方得到满足。你可以将其他应用程序集成到平台中)”可知，Sukha的特别之处是它能与其他应用程序一起工作。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, if you wish to continue with the Pro Subscription, you need to pay $10 per month.(但是，如果你希望继续使用Pro订阅，则需要每月支付10美元)”可知，试用期结束后，用户将收取每月10美元的专业订阅费用。故选C。 B Uday Bhatia’s enthusiasm for technology began in childhood. His interest was awakened when he received a drone (无人机) in the fourth grade, stimulating a curiosity about how machines work. By 14, he had taught himself computer science and created his first video game on Roblox. However, Uday’s passion wasn’t limited to coding and gadgets — he was deeply aware of societal issues. During the pandemic, he developed FindOurTutor, an e-tutoring platform to help students continue learning remotely. At 16, Uday, as part of a mentorship program, visited Bichpuri village in Uttar Pradesh and discovered a critical problem: the villagers faced six-to-eight-hour-long power outages. “When I learned that children were using flashlights and kerosene lamps to study, I wanted to find a solution,” he recalls. His research revealed that while most villages in India had been electrified, unreliable power supply remained a continuing issue in many rural areas, with some states like Rajasthan and Uttarakhand enduring power cuts lasting 10 to 12 hours a day. Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. The bulb, priced at Rs 250, about half the cost of other options, features dynamic-lumen technology and pulse-width modulation, which allows users to adjust the brightness. This feature extends the bulb’s illumination capacity to up to 10 hours, depending on the brightness level. Since its launch in May 2022, Smart OG bulbs have reached 10,000 homes across eight states. Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. For non-electrified regions, he developed the Glow Grid, a solar-powered lamp, launched this month. Uday’s innovations have earned him several awards, including the 2023 Diana Legacy Award. His long-term goal is to provide low-cost energy to every home, and he’s just getting started. 24. Uday Bhatia’s experience in Bichpuri village influenced him to ________. A. develop an interest in computer science B. create a low-cost, backup-based lightbulb C. launch an e-tutoring platform for students D. study power supply systems in other villages 25. What do we know about Uday’s inventions? A. They make energy easier to access. B. They bring innovation to global markets. C. They focus on sustainable energy solutions. D. They provide affordable lighting for rural areas. 26. Which of the following best describes Uday Bhatia? A. Innovative and commercial. B. Determined and socially aware. C. Creative and environmentally conscious. D. Technologically skilled and competitive. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乌代·巴蒂亚开发了低成本的锂离子电池备用灯泡，为农村地区提供负担得起的照明。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. (他在自己的露台工作室里工作，尝试不同的设计，直到他开发出了一种低成本的锂离子电池备用灯泡Smart OutageGuard。)”可知，乌代·巴蒂亚在比奇普里村的经历影响了他创造出一种低成本的备用灯泡。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. (乌代还成立了Uday Electric，这是一家营利性企业，与分销商、非政府组织、零售商和企业社会责任项目合作，为半电气化的农村地区提供负担得起的照明。)”可知，乌代的发明为农村地区提供负担得起的照明。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. (决心提供帮助，乌代在接下来的六个月里从教学视频中学习，并收集二手部件。)”以及倒数第二段“Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. (乌代还成立了Uday Electric，这是一家营利性企业，与分销商、非政府组织、零售商和企业社会责任项目合作，为半电气化的农村地区提供负担得起的照明。)”可知，乌代·巴蒂亚有决心和社会意识。故选B。 C Recently, I attended a public talk by someone whose views I “knew” I would oppose. And yet, I went. I listened, asked questions, and gave my time. While my core values weren’t transformed in those two hours, I learned something and left with a deeper appreciation for the complexity of other perspectives. In this weeknight activity, I was actively trying to tackle “beliefism,” a divisive phenomenon in which surrounding yourself with people who share your views leads to discrimination against those who disagree. In this way, beliefism deepens division and reinforces polarization — building walls instead of bridges. Indeed, beliefism is widespread in modern society. A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life. Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. Ultimately, where many forces are driving us apart, we must think — what can we do to unpack division and restore connection? We can begin by trying to understand the psychology of beliefism, which at its core is a form of bias — a mental shortcut in which we categorise people according to single characteristics or generalising assumptions. Indeed, in a world that is infinitely complex, our minds use these biases to simplify and make sense of the world. The thing is, when we see others only through the perspective of their political or social beliefs, we reduce and flatten them to a single dimension. Further, when people feel they are dismissed or disregarded only for their beliefs, they are left feeling isolated and misunderstood. Secondly, we can understand the tendency for beliefism as part of our evolutionary (进化的) desire to establish a community or group. The problem is that while this instinct (本能) may have once served evolutionary purposes, today, it blocks meaningful dialogue and cooperation. Indeed, research shows that overcoming beliefism has benefits. When we welcome a variety of ideas and perspectives, we are able to overcome group-think and make better decisions and judgements. What’s more, less beliefist people are generally happier, having stronger, more fulfilling relationships and broader horizons. Luckily, there are a number of relevant, research-backed psychological techniques that help build tolerance and break bias. We might exercise individuation, seeing people as diverse-sided individuals and breaking away from reductive ways of thinking. We can practice perspective-taking, building empathy (同理心) by stepping into someone else’s shoes and trying to see the world through their eyes. Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done. 27. What does the underlined word “stoke” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Fuel. B. Keep. C. Put. D. Contain. 28. What can we know about beliefism from the passage? A. Social media algorithms mainly contribute to its wide spread. B. Human evolution proves its harm in establishing group-think. C. It reflects our simplified way of understanding the surrounding world. D. It leads us to make assumptions about others’ political or social beliefs. 29. Which of the following would be most effective in fighting beliefism? A. Facilitating interactions between people from different communities. B. Creating a list of acceptable beliefs for each community to follow. C. Asking people to write about their experiences of being isolated. D. Stressing conflict instead of cooperation between different beliefs. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Beyond Us and Them B. The Roots of Beliefism C. The Harm of Social Division D. At the Crossroad of Faith 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于信仰主义的看法以及如何摆脱这种思想。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life.(这个问题的很大一部分源于我们生活在一个物理上和虚拟上都是分裂的世界。我们很少与各行各业的人打交道)”以及后文“locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate(把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论)”可知，社交媒体算法点燃了分裂之火，把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论。故划线词意思是“点燃”，故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Indeed, in a world that is infinitely complex, our minds use these biases to simplify and make sense of the world.(事实上，在一个无限复杂的世界里，我们的大脑利用这些偏见来简化和理解这个世界)”可知，信仰反映了我们理解周围世界的简化方式。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“When we welcome a variety of ideas and perspectives, we are able to overcome group-think and make better decisions and judgements. What’s more, less beliefist people are generally happier, having stronger, more fulfilling relationships and broader horizons.(当我们欢迎各种各样的想法和观点时，我们就能克服群体思维，做出更好的决定和判断。更重要的是，信仰主义者较少通常更快乐，拥有更牢固、更充实的人际关系和更广阔的视野)”可知，促进来自不同社区的人之间的互动对对抗信仰主义是最有效的。故选A。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done.(最终，前进的道路不是通过分裂，而是通过认识到我们共同的人性。提醒自己，每个人都存在于许多身份、经历和信仰的交叉点上。挑战自己，练习同理心，记住，没有人完全被他们说过或做过的最糟糕的事情所定义)”以及文章主要介绍了作者对于信仰主义的看法以及如何摆脱这种思想，可知，A选项“超越我们和他们”最符合文章标题。故选A。 D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 31. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 32. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 33. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 34. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(减缓这一趋势的第一步是理解它。悉尼大学的保护生物学家凯瑟琳·格鲁姆萨伯和许多同事收集了1985年至2019年期间撰写的882篇论文，通过分析至少两个时间点的628个物种的DNA，追踪了它们的多样性变化。研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”可知，第三段的主要内容是用于追踪遗传多样性变化的研究方法。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”以及第四段“Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report.(格鲁曼和她的同事们报告说，三分之二的被分析数量表现出多样性的下降)”可知，研究告诉我们栖息地扩展和数量管理保护多样性。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.”(该方法只需要每个物种3小时的工作，表明58%的物种种群太小，无法维持其遗传多样性。这两种不同的方法都发现了多样性的下降，这一事实“使两种结果都更有说服力，”马斯特塔-扬斯说。“最终，基因多样性得到了应有的关注。”)”可知，Mastertta-Yanes认为，由于成本和复杂性，DNA方法缺乏实用性。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species.(基因变异使一个物种能够适应气候变化、新疾病的出现和新敌人的出现。一个稍有不同的基因构成可以确保至少一些个体在危机时刻仍能安然无恙。但是，正如世界范围内的物种数量正在减少一样，许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，这篇文章的目的是引起人们对防止多样性丧失的有效措施的注意。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Live performances are often described as raw emotional, and immersive, while studio recordings are polished and carefully produced. ____35____ One of the most notable differences with live music is the energy. A live performance brings an atmosphere that cannot be recreated in a studio. When musicians perform live, they connect directly with their audience. The cheers, clapping, and excitement from the crowd create a feedback loop (循环) that can enhance the performance. This shared energy makes each live concert unique and personal for everyone there. _____36_____ Whether it’s a small, intimate venue or a massive stadium, the space influences how you experience the music. Live music is more than just something you hear; it’s something you feel. Another key aspect of live music is its unpredictability. No two performances are ever the same. Musicians might improvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement of a song, or even interact with the audience in ways that feel spontaneous and genuine. _____37_____ In a live setting, imperfections can make the music feel more real. A slight mistake or an unexpected variation in a song reminds you that what you’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just about technical perfection — it’s about emotion and expression. Live music creates a special kind of connection between performers and listeners. Seeing musicians perform in real time allows you to witness their passion and energy firsthand. ____38____ For many people, live music is about more than just the songs. It’s about being part of a shared experience, which can make the music feel more powerful and memorable. _____39_____ While recordings offer a polished, consistent way to enjoy music, live performances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emotional connection. Both forms of music have their place, and many people enjoy a mix of the two. A. Live music and studio recordings each have their own strengths. B. The physical environment also plays a significant role in creating this energy. C. Studio recordings often rely on advanced technology to perfect the sound quality. D. These moments of authenticity add an extra layer of excitement to the experience. E. This contrast isn’t just about how the music sounds but also about how it feels to experience it. F. This doesn’t mean studio recordings are less valuable — they offer a different way to enjoy music. G. The physical presence of the artist, their expressions, and how they interact with the crowd all contribute to this emotional connection. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了现场音乐和录音室录音之间的区别以及各自的优势。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Live performances are often described as raw, emotional, and immersive, while studio recordings are polished and carefully produced.(现场表演通常被描述为原始的、情绪化的、身临其境的，而录音室录音则是经过精心打磨和制作的)”可知，本句承接上文，将录音室录音与现场表演的进行比较区别。故E选项“这种对比不仅在于音乐听起来如何，还在于体验音乐的感觉”符合语境，故选E。 【36题详解】 根据下文“Whether it’s a small, intimate venue or a massive stadium, the space influences how you experience the music. Live music is more than just something you hear; it’s something you feel.(无论是小而私密的场地还是巨大的体育场，空间都会影响你对音乐的体验。现场音乐不仅仅是你听到的东西；这是你的感觉)”可知，下文表明物理空间会影响对音乐的体验，说明物理环境对于音乐体验也会产生影响。故B选项“物理环境在创造这种能量方面也起着重要作用”符合语境，故选B。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Another key aspect of live music is its unpredictability. No two performances are ever the same. Musicians might improvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement of a song, or even interact with the audience in ways that feel spontaneous and genuine.(现场音乐的另一个关键方面是它的不可预测性。没有两次表演是完全相同的。音乐家可能会即兴创作，改变歌曲的编曲，甚至以自发和真实的方式与观众互动)”以及下文“In a live setting, imperfections can make the music feel more real. A slight mistake or an unexpected variation in a song reminds you that what you’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just about technical perfection — it’s about emotion and expression.(在现场演奏中，不完美的地方可以让音乐感觉更真实。歌曲中的一个小错误或意想不到的变化会提醒你，你所看到的是独一无二的。它提醒我们，音乐不仅仅是技术上的完美——它是关于情感和表达的)”可知，上文提到现场音乐每次都不相同，后文提到“在现场演奏中，不完美的地方可以让音乐感觉更真实”，推测本句承接上文，总结现场音乐所带来的真实体验。故D选项“这些真实的时刻为体验增添了额外的兴奋感”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Live music creates a special kind of connection between performers and listeners. Seeing musicians perform in real time allows you to witness their passion and energy firsthand.(现场音乐在表演者和听众之间建立了一种特殊的联系。观看音乐家的实时表演可以让你亲眼目睹他们的激情和活力)”可知，本句承接上文，说明观众是如何加深和音乐家之间的联系的，故G选项“艺术家的实际存在，他们的表情，以及他们如何与人群互动，都有助于这种情感联系”符合语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 根据下文“While recordings offer a polished, consistent way to enjoy music, live performances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emotional connection. Both forms of music have their place, and many people enjoy a mix of the two.(录音提供了一种精致、连贯的方式来欣赏音乐，而现场表演则带来活力、真实性和情感联系。这两种形式的音乐都有自己的一席之地，许多人喜欢这两种音乐的混合)”可知，本段主要分析了现场音乐和录音室录音的各自优势。故A选项“现场音乐和录音室录音各有优势”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The convenience of modern life is truly astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly playing 18th-century classics, and I can use the same device to instantly get a ride or have food delivered. It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. However, many people also recognize that convenience has its darker sides. To understand why, we need to examine why we are so drawn to convenience in the first place. Evolutionary psychology can provide some answers. The concept of “evolutionary mismatch” suggests that we evolved as hunter-gatherers, but while the world has changed, our brains and bodies have not. This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. In the past, resistance—whether to avoid unnecessary effort or conserve energy—was vital during tough times, like searching for food in the rain or escaping from danger. Those who stayed sheltered during hard times, like storms when food was scarce, were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. We have inherited (继承) this instinct to conserve energy from them. Innovation has dramatically transformed our world. Technology and our environment have adapted to suit our instinct to conserve energy. But what do we lose when we prioritize convenience? Choosing the easy path consistently weakens our ability to tackle challenges. From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest. Our ancestors didn’t survive by being lazy; they survived by balancing safety with risk. This very struggle shapes and develops our character. In today’s technological world, we must sometimes go against our natural instincts. As a society, we need to remember—and teach the younger generation—that while convenience may feel good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is not only a key part of our evolutionary heritage but also central to the adventure of life. 40. Why do people love shortcuts? __________________________________________________ 41 What does “evolutionary mismatch” mean? __________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. __________________________________________________ 43. Use an example to show what you can learn about “convenience” from the passage. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. 41. It means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. 42. The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. According to the passage, from an evolutionary view, some discomfort is just as crucial to our survival as rest. 43. From the passage, I learn that while convenience, like using a phone to get a ride or order food, makes life easier, over-relying on it may weaken our ability to tackle challenges, as our instinct to conserve energy may lead us to avoid necessary difficulties. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是现代生活的便利性及其带来的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort.(很容易理解为什么我们喜欢这些捷径——它们使生活更轻松，节省时间，减少精力消耗)”可知，人们喜欢捷径是因为它们使生活更轻松，节省时间，减少工作量。故答案为Because they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. 【41题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第二段“This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life.(这种不匹配意味着我们的本能常常与现代生活不匹配)”可知，evolutionary mismatch的意思是“我们的本能常常与现代生活不匹配”。故答案为It means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest.(从进化的角度来看，一些不适和休息一样对生存至关重要)”可知，从进化的角度来看，一些不适和休息一样对生存至关重要，因此错误的部分是“less important”。故答案为The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. According to the passage, from an evolutionary view, some discomfort is just as crucial to our survival as rest. 【43题详解】 考查推理判断。从这篇文章中，我了解到，虽然便利，比如用手机打车或点餐，使生活更容易，但过度依赖它可能会削弱我们应对挑战能力，因为我们节约能量的本能可能会导致我们避免必要的困难。故答案为From the passage, I learn that while convenience, like using a phone to get a ride or order food, makes life easier, over-relying on it may weaken our ability to tackle challenges, as our instinct to conserve energy may lead us to avoid necessary difficulties. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在你们学校的网站看到你们学校组织了“我的年度词（My Word of the Year）”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的年度词。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的年度词是什么； 2. 你选该词的理由。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear from you and share my “Word of the Year”—“Resilience”. This year has been filled with challenges, from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. However, I’ve learned that resilience helps me bounce back from difficulties. When facing tough exams, I didn’t give up but studied harder. When dealing with interpersonal conflicts, I stayed calm and found solutions. Resilience is like a strong rope that supports me through tough times. It makes me believe that I can overcome anything with perseverance. What’s your word of the year? Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封邮件，说明你的年度词是什么以及你选该词的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：thrilled→excited 压力：pressure→stress 然而：however→nevertheless 处理：deal with→cope with 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This year has been filled with challenges, from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. 拓展句：This year has been filled with challenges, which varied from heavy academic pressure to personal setbacks. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Resilience is like a strong rope that supports me through tough times. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It makes me believe that I can overcome anything with perseverance. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 西城区高三统一测试试卷 英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved to Newton, Boston, they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors, who greeted them with homemade cookies and casseroles. They quickly got used to the ___1___ neighborhood and felt an immediate sense of ___2___. Soon after, they had a baby, Samantha, but discovered she was born deaf. Although the neighbors were excited to meet the new baby, they were also aware of the ___3___ the Savitz family would face. Jill McNeil, one of the neighbors, suggested that they all learn sign language together to help Samantha communicate. Jill, who grew up in a tight-knit (紧密团结) community, believed in the power of helping each other, ___4___ when it came to children. Over the next few months, the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs, all while keeping their plan a ___5___. They wanted to surprise the Savitz family with their new ___6___ to communicate. When the big moment came, the Savitz family was deeply moved. Glenda and Raphael were amazed by the effort their neighbors had ___7___ learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter. It was a very touching and meaningful moment for the family. They felt incredibly ___8___. As Samantha grew, the neighbors kept including her in everything, making sure she never ___9___ left out. The support from the community made a lasting impact on the Savitz family, showing how neighbors can come together to make a real ____10____ in each other’s lives. 1. A. friendly B. peaceful C. quiet D. convenient 2. A. belonging B. relief C. hope D. freedom 3. A. truth B. choices C. challenges D. threat 4. A. naturally B. especially C. immediately D. similarly 5. A. priority B. dream C. goal D. secret 6. A. media B. technology C. ability D. opportunity 7. A. drawn on B. backed up C. relied on D. put in 8. A. proud B. grateful C. relaxed D. satisfied 9. A. felt B. looked C. remained D. turned 10. A. point B. living C. difference D. commitment 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Last summer, I joined a community garden project in my neighborhood. At first, I was nervous about working with _____11_____ (stranger), but everyone was welcoming and enthusiastic. I learned how to plant vegetables and care for flowers. In autumn, we had a big harvest and decided to donate the fresh produce to a local food bank. I never expected that our small efforts could create such an effect. The surprise came when I received a thank-you letter from a family _____12_____ benefited from our donations. It made me realize how powerful _____13_____ (kind) can be! B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Tsinghua University plans to increase its undergraduate enrollment (本科招生人数) ____14____ about 150 in 2025 and establish a new undergraduate school focused on combining artificial intelligence (AI) with various fields of study. The new school____15____ (make) use of Tsinghua’s strengths, ____16____ (highlight) AI’s role in education and research. It ____17____ (aim) to explore AI-driven learning models and develop students with diverse skills, a solid understanding of AI and creative thinking. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 At a 200-megawatt (兆瓦) wind farm in Hengshui, Hebei, the world’s largest tonnage wheeled crane (起重机), the XCA4000, completed its first lift in March 2024. It ____18____ (lift) a 130-metric-ton nacelle, a 40-ton hub and three 95-meter-long blades weighing 28 tons each, to a height of 162 meters for assembly (组装) on the tower. The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies ____19____ (ensure) safety during operation. With more than a dozen sensors ____20____ (distribute) in the facility, it can detect and address potential safety dangers in real time. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） A In today’s fast-paced digital world, many of us struggle with distraction and burnout. It’s challenging to stay focused and productive with constant interruptions and the pressure to manage multiple tasks. Therefore we bring to you — The Sukha app. Sukha is a productivity-boosting focus app that helps you complete tasks more efficiently by providing tools that promote focus and community support. This productivity software silences distractions (干扰), plays focus music, and starts a pomodoro timer (番茄计时器) with just a click. Sukha ensures you stay on track and finish your work faster. Features of Sukha Phone Distraction Elimination (消除) Silence distractions and create a best work environment to ensure you stay focused on the task at hand, minimizing interruptions and increasing efficiency. The next time you pick up your smartphone, the screen will automatically start flashing to keep you away from it. Focus Music ● Offers a selection of focus music tracks that help you get into the flow and maintain your concentration for longer periods. Community Integration ● Work alongside friends and people around the world. ● Feel part of a supportive community by seeing others working in real time, providing motivation and reducing the sense of isolation (孤立). Sukha VS Other Productivity Apps There are many other productivity apps. They are also simple and easy to use and set up. While these types of tools offer different features, they tend to work in isolation. However, Sukha takes a unique approach. With Sukha, your needs are met in one place. You can integrate other apps into the platform. For example, by adding your Calendar, you ensure that you’re on time for any upcoming online meetings. Productivity isn’t limited to the platform but extends to integrated apps. You have a complete system to work smarter. This doesn’t happen elsewhere but within Sukha. Sukha Pricing We are excited to announce that Sukha now offers a 14-day free trial for all new users. After the conclusion of your 14-day trial, you will be automatically moved to the Basic Plan at no cost. However, if you wish to continue with the Pro Subscription, you need to pay $10 per month. If you have any questions regarding the Sukha Pro Subscription or the 14-day trial version, please do not hesitate to get in touch with our support team at support@centered.app. So, what are you waiting for? 21. What is the aim of Sukha? A. To create focus music. B. To produce novel ideas. C. To enhance working efficiency. D. To unite a whole community. 22. What is unique to Sukha? A. It’s easy to use and set up. B. It provides different features. C. It can minimize interruptions. D. It works together with other apps. 23. How will Sukha charge users after the trial period? A. Users will continue to have access to all features for free. B. Users will be charged a one-time fee of 10 after the trial. C. Users will be charged 10 per month for the Pro Subscription. D. Users will automatically be moved to the Pro Subscription at no cost. B Uday Bhatia’s enthusiasm for technology began in childhood. His interest was awakened when he received a drone (无人机) in the fourth grade, stimulating a curiosity about how machines work. By 14, he had taught himself computer science and created his first video game on Roblox. However, Uday’s passion wasn’t limited to coding and gadgets — he was deeply aware of societal issues. During the pandemic, he developed FindOurTutor, an e-tutoring platform to help students continue learning remotely. At 16, Uday, as part of a mentorship program, visited Bichpuri village in Uttar Pradesh and discovered a critical problem: the villagers faced six-to-eight-hour-long power outages. “When I learned that children were using flashlights and kerosene lamps to study, I wanted to find a solution,” he recalls. His research revealed that while most villages in India had been electrified, unreliable power supply remained a continuing issue in many rural areas, with some states like Rajasthan and Uttarakhand enduring power cuts lasting 10 to 12 hours a day. Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. The bulb, priced at Rs 250, about half the cost of other options, features dynamic-lumen technology and pulse-width modulation, which allows users to adjust the brightness. This feature extends the bulb’s illumination capacity to up to 10 hours, depending on the brightness level. Since its launch in May 2022, Smart OG bulbs have reached 10,000 homes across eight states. Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. For non-electrified regions, he developed the Glow Grid, a solar-powered lamp, launched this month. Uday’s innovations have earned him several awards, including the 2023 Diana Legacy Award. His long-term goal is to provide low-cost energy to every home, and he’s just getting started. 24. Uday Bhatia’s experience in Bichpuri village influenced him to ________. A. develop an interest in computer science B. create a low-cost, backup-based lightbulb C. launch an e-tutoring platform for students D. study power supply systems in other villages 25. What do we know about Uday’s inventions? A. They make energy easier to access. B. They bring innovation to global markets. C They focus on sustainable energy solutions. D. They provide affordable lighting for rural areas. 26. Which of the following best describes Uday Bhatia? A. Innovative and commercial. B. Determined and socially aware. C. Creative and environmentally conscious. D. Technologically skilled and competitive. C Recently, I attended a public talk by someone whose views I “knew” I would oppose. And yet, I went. I listened, asked questions, and gave my time. While my core values weren’t transformed in those two hours, I learned something and left with a deeper appreciation for the complexity of other perspectives. In this weeknight activity, I was actively trying to tackle “beliefism,” a divisive phenomenon in which surrounding yourself with people who share your views leads to discrimination against those who disagree. In this way, beliefism deepens division and reinforces polarization — building walls instead of bridges. Indeed, beliefism is widespread in modern society. A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life. Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. Ultimately, where many forces are driving us apart, we must think — what can we do to unpack division and restore connection? We can begin by trying to understand the psychology of beliefism, which at its core is a form of bias — a mental shortcut in which we categorise people according to single characteristics or generalising assumptions. Indeed, in a world that is infinitely complex, our minds use these biases to simplify and make sense of the world. The thing is, when we see others only through the perspective of their political or social beliefs, we reduce and flatten them to a single dimension. Further, when people feel they are dismissed or disregarded only for their beliefs, they are left feeling isolated and misunderstood. Secondly, we can understand the tendency for beliefism as part of our evolutionary (进化的) desire to establish a community or group. The problem is that while this instinct (本能) may have once served evolutionary purposes, today, it blocks meaningful dialogue and cooperation. Indeed, research shows that overcoming beliefism has benefits. When we welcome a variety of ideas and perspectives, we are able to overcome group-think and make better decisions and judgements. What’s more, less beliefist people are generally happier, having stronger, more fulfilling relationships and broader horizons. Luckily, there are a number of relevant, research-backed psychological techniques that help build tolerance and break bias. We might exercise individuation, seeing people as diverse-sided individuals and breaking away from reductive ways of thinking. We can practice perspective-taking, building empathy (同理心) by stepping into someone else’s shoes and trying to see the world through their eyes. Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done. 27. What does the underlined word “stoke” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Fuel. B. Keep. C. Put. D. Contain. 28. What can we know about beliefism from the passage? A. Social media algorithms mainly contribute to its wide spread. B. Human evolution proves its harm in establishing group-think. C. It reflects our simplified way of understanding the surrounding world. D. It leads us to make assumptions about others’ political or social beliefs. 29. Which of the following would be most effective in fighting beliefism? A. Facilitating interactions between people from different communities. B. Creating a list of acceptable beliefs for each community to follow. C. Asking people to write about their experiences of being isolated. D. Stressing conflict instead of cooperation between different beliefs. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Beyond Us and Them B. The Roots of Beliefism C. The Harm of Social Division D. At the Crossroad of Faith D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 31. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 32. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 33. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 34. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Live performances are often described as raw, emotional, and immersive, while studio recordings are polished and carefully produced. ____35____ One of the most notable differences with live music is the energy. A live performance brings an atmosphere that cannot be recreated in a studio. When musicians perform live, they connect directly with their audience. The cheers, clapping, and excitement from the crowd create a feedback loop (循环) that can enhance the performance. This shared energy makes each live concert unique and personal for everyone there. _____36_____ Whether it’s a small, intimate venue or a massive stadium, the space influences how you experience the music. Live music is more than just something you hear; it’s something you feel. Another key aspect of live music is its unpredictability. No two performances are ever the same. Musicians might improvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement of a song, or even interact with the audience in ways that feel spontaneous and genuine. _____37_____ In a live setting, imperfections can make the music feel more real. A slight mistake or an unexpected variation in a song reminds you that what you’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just about technical perfection — it’s about emotion and expression. Live music creates a special kind of connection between performers and listeners. Seeing musicians perform in real time allows you to witness their passion and energy firsthand. ____38____ For many people, live music is about more than just the songs. It’s about being part of a shared experience, which can make the music feel more powerful and memorable. _____39_____ While recordings offer a polished, consistent way to enjoy music, live performances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emotional connection. Both forms of music have their place, and many people enjoy a mix of the two. A. Live music and studio recordings each have their own strengths. B. The physical environment also plays a significant role in creating this energy. C. Studio recordings often rely on advanced technology to perfect the sound quality. D. These moments of authenticity add an extra layer of excitement to the experience. E. This contrast isn’t just about how the music sounds but also about how it feels to experience it. F. This doesn’t mean studio recordings are less valuable — they offer a different way to enjoy music. G. The physical presence of the artist, their expressions, and how they interact with the crowd all contribute to this emotional connection. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请答题卡指定区域作答。 The convenience of modern life is truly astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly playing 18th-century classics, and I can use the same device to instantly get a ride or have food delivered. It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. However, many people also recognize that convenience has its darker sides. To understand why, we need to examine why we are so drawn to convenience in the first place. Evolutionary psychology can provide some answers. The concept of “evolutionary mismatch” suggests that we evolved as hunter-gatherers, but while the world has changed, our brains and bodies have not. This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. In the past, resistance—whether to avoid unnecessary effort or conserve energy—was vital during tough times, like searching for food in the rain or escaping from danger. Those who stayed sheltered during hard times, like storms when food was scarce, were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. We have inherited (继承) this instinct to conserve energy from them. Innovation has dramatically transformed our world. Technology and our environment have adapted to suit our instinct to conserve energy. But what do we lose when we prioritize convenience? Choosing the easy path consistently weakens our ability to tackle challenges. From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest. Our ancestors didn’t survive by being lazy; they survived by balancing safety with risk. This very struggle shapes and develops our character. In today’s technological world, we must sometimes go against our natural instincts. As a society, we need to remember—and teach the younger generation—that while convenience may feel good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is not only a key part of our evolutionary heritage but also central to the adventure of life. 40. Why do people love shortcuts? __________________________________________________ 41. What does “evolutionary mismatch” mean? __________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. __________________________________________________ 43. Use an example to show what you can learn about “convenience” from the passage. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在你们学校的网站看到你们学校组织了“我的年度词（My Word of the Year）”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的年度词。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的年度词是什么； 2. 你选该词的理由。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$