精品解析：2025届北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题

北京市东城区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一） 英语 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Rebecca remembers the first time she was upset by the sight of hundreds of roses. It was after a wedding reception last year as she was cleaning up the room. “Nobody had ____1____ for what to do with all of the flowers after the wedding. We collected as many as we could in our cars, but there were so many left over. When we were throwing all these roses into trash bags, I felt ____2____ about the waste,” said Rebecca. Late last year, Rebecca and her friend Laura Ruth both were mourning (悼念) their fathers when they began talking about the flowers that they received. The flowers were a ____3____, but made them think about the nationwide problem of floral waste. Then, they started a nonprofit, Friendly City Florals, to reuse flowers ____4____ from weddings and floral shops in the area. “We’ve put the ____5____ out everywhere that if you have too many flowers and don’t know what to do with them, we’ll ____6____ them off your hands,” Rebecca said. They now devote several days a week to picking up flowers, freshening and delivering them to senior care homes, hospitals and schools in their area. The donated flowers are ____7____ welcome at the Community Retirement Centre. “It’s a ____8____ way to give our residents joy and purpose. Seeing all those flowers instantly brightens up their day,” the centre’s manager said. Rebecca and Laura are not the first to ____9____ flowers: A Virginia doctor collects flowers and donates them to her hospital patients. But the pair hope the idea ____10____ even more around the country. “If our flowers give one person a few moments of happiness on a difficult day, then it’s all worthwhile,” Rebecca said. 1. A. paid B. applied C. hoped D. planned 2. A. confused B. impatient C. terrible D. curious 3. A. symbol B. comfort C. reminder D. wonder 4. A. purchased B. borrowed C. separated D. donated 5. A. word B. signal C. effort D. task 6. A. set B. take C. hold D. keep 7. A. still B. already C. always D. even 8. A. funny B. creative C. traditional D. formal 9. A. exhibit B. preserve C. harvest D. repurpose 10. A. catches on B. comes up C. runs off D. stands out 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rebecca和Laura创立非营利组织重新利用婚礼等剩余鲜花的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理这些花。A. paid支付；B. applied申请；C. hoped希望；D. planned计划。根据后文“for what to do with all of the flowers after the wedding”可知，没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理花，故选D。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把所有的玫瑰扔进垃圾袋时，我为这种浪费感到难过。A. confused困惑的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“When we were throwing all these roses into trash bags”和后文“about the waste”可知，作者为浪费感到难过。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些花是一种安慰，但也让他们想到了全国性的花卉浪费问题。A. symbol象征；B. comfort安慰；C. reminder提醒；D. wonder奇迹。根据上文“Rebecca and her friend Laura Ruth both were mourning (悼念) their fathers when they began talking about the flowers that they received.”可知，这些花是在悼念父亲时收到的，是一种安慰。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们创办了一个非营利组织Friendly City Florals，重新利用当地婚礼和花店捐赠的鲜花。A. purchased购买；B. borrowed借来；C. separated分开；D. donated捐赠。根据后文“from weddings and floral shops in the area”以及第7空前“The donated flowers”可知，这些花是当地婚礼和花店捐赠的。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A. word话语；B. signal信号；C. effort努力；D. task任务。根据后文“out everywhere that if you have too many flowers and don’t know what to do with them”可知，这里指到处宣传如何处理花，put the word out表示“放出风声，宣传”。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A. set设置；B. take带走；C. hold持有；D. keep保持。根据后文“them off your hands”可知，这里指帮助处理花，take sth. off one’s hands表示“替某人处理某事”。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。A. still仍然；B. already已经；C. always总是；D. even甚至。根据后文“Seeing all those flowers instantly brightens up their day”可知，捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种让我们的居民感到快乐和有意义的创造性方式。A. funny有趣的；B. creative创造性的；C. traditional传统的；D. formal正式的。根据后文“way to give our residents joy and purpose”可知， 把剩下或捐赠的鲜花送给居民是一种创造性的方式。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rebecca和Laura并不是第一个重新利用鲜花的人：弗吉尼亚州的一位医生收集鲜花并捐赠给她的医院病人。A. exhibit展览；B. preserve保存；C. harvest收获；D. repurpose重新利用。根据后文“A Virginia doctor collects flowers and donates them to her hospital patients”可知，此处指重新利用鲜花。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这对搭档希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。A. catches on变得流行；B. comes up走近；C. runs off逃跑；D. stands out突出。根据后文“even more around the country”指希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。故选A。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After a weekend trip, my friend and I ____11____ (drive) home when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stoplight. A woman and her little daughter excitedly told us shoes had flown ____12____ our car! We realized our other friend must have left them on the roof. We thanked them and went back to search, ____13____ we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, ____14____ (spot) shoes and even picking them up for us. Their unexpected effort to help us out made our day. 【答案】11. were driving 12. off 13. but 14. spotting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在回家路上得到陌生人帮助找回鞋子的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：周末旅行后，我和朋友正开车回家，这时一辆蓝色轿车突然在红绿灯旁停在我们旁边。这里是“be doing...when...”结构，意为“正在做……这时……”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，表示 “我和朋友当时正在开车”，主语my friend and I为复数，be动词用were。故填were driving。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：一位女士和她的小女儿兴奋地告诉我们，鞋子从我们的车上飞出去了！fly off是固定短语，意为“飞落；掉落”，这里表示鞋子从车上掉落下来，符合语境。故填off。 【13题详解】 考查连词。句意：我们谢过他们，然后回去找，但是直到那辆车再次出现我们才找到鞋子！“We thanked them and went back to search”和“we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared”之间是转折关系，前面说去寻找，后面说没找到，直到那辆车再次出现，所以用连词but连接。故填but。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些善良的陌生人又绕了回来，发现了鞋子，甚至帮我们捡了起来。句子谓语动词是circled back，空格处填入非谓语动词和picking up并列，作状语，动词spot与其逻辑主语These kind strangers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填spotting。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog ____15____ (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person ____16____ voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand ____17____ different species learn to communicate with each other. 【答案】15. were asked 16. whose 17. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现狗能识别主人声音及后续研究期望。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Three human caretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些狗通常会靠近——或者至少花更多时间看着——它们听到声音的那个人。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the person，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰voice，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：专家们希望研究其他哺乳动物是否也有这种技能，以便他们能更好地理解不同物种是如何学会相互交流的。空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 AI and learning have a powerful and collaborative relationship. AI acts as a smart tool, personalizing lessons ____18____ (match) each student’s pace and needs, which makes learning more effective. It also supports teachers by automating tasks like grading, allowing them to focus more on instruction and student interaction. However, it is important to use AI responsibly — it should complement, not replace, the role of teachers and students. Ensuring ____19____ (fair), privacy, and ethical use is essential. When ____20____ (use) wisely, AI can transform education for the better. 【答案】18. to match 19. fairness 20. used 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了AI与学习的关系及其在教育中的合理应用。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能充当一个智能工具，通过个性化课程来匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求，这使得学习更加有效。此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求”。故填to match。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：确保公平、隐私和道德使用是至关重要的。空处需用名词作动词Ensuring的宾语，fair的名词为fairness，表示“公平”，是不可数名词。故填fairness。 【20题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被明智地使用时，人工智能能够让教育变得更好。“When____ (use) wisely”是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为：When it (指 AI) is used wisely，省略了主语it和be动词is。故填used。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The app store is flooded with astronomy-based apps that can help guide you towards celestial (天体的) wonders. But what if you’re ready to look deeper into the night sky using a telescope? Nobody wants to make a big investment, and then aimlessly scan the stars trying to find an object. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is a solution to that. Celestar is a leader in the world of telescopes and its StarSmart Explorer app and dock have been designed to run on its telescopes. The free StarSmart Explorer app uses information based on precise location and time to tell you which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky. How it works Connect the phone with the telescope and select your intended celestial target. The phone will be held over an integrated mirror, so that star patterns can reflect off the mirror and into the phone’s camera. StarSmart Explorer processes the information and your telescope will adjust accordingly, placing the target in the middle. As well as locating your desired target, StarSmart Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object. Listen to an audio presentation while you observe. The app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view. Why it’s special Most astronomy apps use a smartphone’s compass to estimate its position. The pointing accuracy of a smartphone has margin for error. Precision matters when it comes to stargazing. StarSmart Explorer is the only astronomy app to use modern plate solving technology to find its target, and it claims a typical pointing accuracy of 0.25°. The app takes a picture of the night sky and matches the star pattern within the image to its internal database. It’s similar, in essence, to facial recognition. Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSmart Explorer app is free and works well with StarSmart Explorer telescopes, starting from £299.99. If you’re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestar’s StarSmart Explorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more at www.celestar.com/starsmart. 21. StarSmart Explorer can help ________. A. decide observation duration B. locate stars precisely C. record information on stars D. find unknown planets 22. StarSmart Explorer is unique because________ A. it matches different types of telescopes B. it uses a smartphone’s built-in compass C. it is powered by advanced technology D. it is equipped with the latest database 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To introduce a set of equipment. B. To promote a stargazing product. C. To recommend a science project. D. To present an astronomical discovery. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmart Explorer应用程序及其功能。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The free StarSmart Explorer app uses information based on precise location and time to tell you which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky.(免费的StarSmart Explorer应用程序使用基于精确位置和时间的信息来告诉你哪些恒星和行星可以在夜空中看到)”以及第六段中“StarSmart Explorer is the only astronomy app to use modern plate solving technology to find its target, and it claims a typical pointing accuracy of 0.25°.(StarSmart Explorer是唯一一款使用现代板解技术来寻找目标的天文应用程序，它声称典型的指向精度为0.25°)”可知，StarSmart Explorer可以帮助精确地定位恒星。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Why it’s special标题下第二段“StarSmart Explorer is the only astronomy app to use modern plate solving technology to find its target(StarSmart Explorer 是唯一一款使用现代星图识别技术来找到目标的天文应用程序)”以及第三段“Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSmart Explorer app is free and works well with StarSmart Explorer telescopes(星图识别通常需要专业技术，如灵敏的成像相机、镜头和天文软件，所有这些都成本高昂。而 StarSmart Explorer 应用程序是免费的，并且与 StarSmart Explorer 望远镜配合得很好)” 可知，StarSmart Explorer的独特之处在于它使用了先进的技术。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you’re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestar’s StarSmart Explorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more at www.celestar.com/starsmart.(如果你准备更深入地探索天文学，Celestar 的 StarSmart Explorer 技术将是一个很好的伙伴。你可以在www.celestar.com/starsmart上了解更多信息)”结合文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmart Explorer天文观测应用的特点和优势，可推知，这篇文章的目的是推广一款观星产品。故选B。 B I was in a tiny plane with skydivers in their 70s and 80s, and I was distracted. The reporter in me was trying to remember everything: the preflight rituals (仪式); the jokes; the way the jumpers checked their instruments. The rest of me was focused on the fact that in a few minutes, I would jump out of a plane flying 12,500 feet above the ground. I was reporting on West Ways, a group of skydivers in their late 50s to early 90s. The group was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped together about once a month ever since. This Sunday, they were celebrating their holiday party, which included a gift exchange and a 28-point formation in free fall. As we reached altitude, Mr. West went over the jump formation once more before leading the group in a cheer for my jump. It was time. One by one they jumped. In the air, they grabbed hold of one another, forming the shape of a snowflake. Then it was my turn. Mr. Diaz edged me forward. I took a deep breath. And on the count of three, we leaped into free fall. I had never been so aware of my senses: I felt the cold air against my face and the wind pushing back my arms and legs. After a few seconds, I was able to look around. After a few minutes, we landed. The members of West Ways cheered and clapped me on the back as I tried to catch my breath. Over the next six hours, I interviewed them as they did two more jumps. (I stayed firmly on the ground.) I heard tales about first kisses in free fall and parachuting (跳伞) into weddings. What struck me wasn’t the extraordinary physical accomplishment, but how a long-standing, active community offers a way for those in it to age gracefully. I don’t know whether I’ll skydive again. But I hope that when I’m 80, I can regularly experience a suspension of time with people I’ve known for decades, before we parachute back down to earth. 24. What do we know about West Ways? A. They make jumping a routine. B. They are well trained professionals. C. They set an age limit to new members. D. They are famous for their diving patterns. 25. Why did the author join West Ways that day? A. To celebrate a holiday. B. To try a sport. C. To care for the elderly. D. To cover a story. 26. What impressed the author most about West Ways? A Their optimistic attitude. B. Their lifelong bond. C. Their physical achievements. D. Their remarkable skills. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参与跳伞并采访老年跳伞团体的经历，并感悟其成员间深厚情谊的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The group was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped together about once a month ever since. (这个团体是1987年由韦斯特女士和她的丈夫创立的，从那以后，成员们大约每月一起跳伞一次。)” 可知，West Ways把跳伞作为了一种常规活动。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The reporter in me was trying to remember everything (我作为记者那部分自我努力记住一切)”以及第三段“I was reporting on West Ways, a group of skydivers in their late 50s to early 90s. (我正在报道West Ways，一个由 50 多岁到 90 岁出头的跳伞者组成的团体。)”以及后文对跳伞活动的详细描述可知，作者那天加入West Ways是为了报道一个故事。故选D。 26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“What struck me wasn’t the extraordinary physical accomplishment, but how a long-standing, active community offers a way for those in it to age gracefully. (让我印象深刻的不是他们非凡的身体成就，而是一个长期活跃的社区如何为其中的成员提供一种优雅老去的方式。)”以及最后一段中“But I hope that when I’m 80, I can regularly experience a suspension of time with people I’ve known for decades, before we parachute back down to earth. (但我希望当我 80 岁的时候，我能经常和我认识了几十年的人一起体验时间的暂停，然后我们再跳伞回到地面。)”可知，作者最印象深刻的是West Ways成员之间那种终生的联系和情谊。故选B。 C Anyone with insomnia knows the impatience and frustration that accompanies sleeplessness. You long for a button that could instantly dampen all that mental activity.The idea of a mental switch is not far-fetched. Most neuroscientists now agree that our wakefulness is coordinated by a tiny bundle of neurons (一小束神经元) known as the “locus coeruleus” (LC), Latin for “blue dot”. It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area. There are slight differences in the process. Depending on the types of receptors they have, some neurons are more sensitive to smaller amounts of norepinephrine, while others only respond to higher thresholds. This means that, as the locus coeruleus activity rises, it will start to affect some brain areas more than others, which can have dramatic effects on things like our focus, concentration and creativity. Given the blue dot’s role, it makes sense that it would be quietest at night during sleep. It is not entirely silent, however, but fires occasionally-and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University of Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality of our sleeps. Across the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep, which is associated with vivid dreaming and is thought to be crucial for processing and consolidating memories. Much of our rest, however,is spent in non-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste. Measuring brain activity in dozing mice, Anita found NREM sleep was associated with temporary bursts of locus coeruleus activity every 50 seconds. As a result, the animal was more sensitive to outside stimuli, like noises-without fully waking. “It’s generating this state of enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives you this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.” The beginning of REM sleep was almost always associated with low locus coeruleus activity. “That transition to REM sleep has to be very well controlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atonia.” That’s the temporary paralysis (麻痹) of our body, which prevents us from physically acting out our dreams. Anita emphasises that her experiments were conducted in mice, so we still need to confirm that the blue dot plays a similar role in human sleep. If so, she suspects that altered locus coeruleus activity could be implicated in conditions — such as anxiety — that may contribute to disordered sleep. She found that exposing her laboratory mice to mild sources of stress — such as knocking on their cage — raised the blue dot’s activity and increased their vigilance throughout the night, resulting in fragmented sleep. 27. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Neurons. B. Electric currents. C. Projections. D. Neurotransmitters. 28. According to the passage, what is the role of the LC? A. Producing receptors. B. Preserving cell sensitivity. C. Monitoring brain activity. D. Improving neural connectivity. 29. Which of the following may Anita Lüthi agree with? A. The blue dot fires regularly at night. B. Stress has an impact on the LC activity. C. Low LC activity can help clean cellular waste. D. Atonia results from sudden bursts of brain activity. 30. What might be the next step of the research? A. Grading the wakefulness of human brains. B. Unlocking the mechanism of sleep disorder. C. Assessing the function of the blue dot on humans. D. Identifying approaches to altering the LC activity. 【答案】27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蓝斑核在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其相关研究。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will ‘fire’ with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流 “放电” 的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“the neurons in the locus coeruleus”，即“Neurons(神经元)”。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area.(当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的突起将一束束这种神经递质传递到大脑的其他区域，增强该区域神经元之间的通信)”可知，蓝斑核（LC）的作用是改善神经连接，增强神经元之间的通信。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She found that exposing her laboratory mice to mild sources of stress — such as knocking on their cage — raised the blue dot’s activity and increased their vigilance throughout the night, resulting in fragmented sleep.(她发现，让实验小鼠暴露于轻微的压力源下，比如敲它们的笼子，会提高蓝斑核的活动水平，并增加它们整晚的警觉性，导致睡眠碎片化)”可知，Anita Lüthi可能会同意B选项“压力对蓝斑核活动有影响”。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Anita emphasises that her experiments were conducted in mice, so we still need to confirm that the blue dot plays a similar role in human sleep.(Anita强调，她的实验是在小鼠身上进行的，所以我们仍然需要确认蓝斑核在人类睡眠中是否扮演类似的角色)”可知，下一步的研究可能是评估蓝斑核在人类身上的功能。故选C。 D Years after my art history class, I am insufferable at museums. “That’s definitely a Matisse,” I say. “You can telI because of the brushwork and the use of colour.” Sometimes it is not a Matisse but oftentimes it is. It is unsettling to learn, then, that for all of my carefully won art appreciation, I am in danger of being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, honeybees — whose brains are the size of grass seeds — were shown Picassos and Monets paired side by side. Below the prints were two small containers, one containing sugar water and the other nothing at all. Which to enter? Bees couldn’t see or smell whether a given container held the treat until they’d already flown inside it. But they could let the masterpieces guide them: for some bees, the reward was always under the Picasso, while for the rest it was under the Monet. Over the course of many trials, the bees learned to fly straight for the correct container. Indeed, they even performed slightly better than chance when faced with pairs of paintings they’d never seen before. The bees had learned to discriminate, however modestly, between the two artists’ styles. To be sure, humans still have the edge. Last year a team of researchers led by Liane Gabora found that art students were perfectly capable of identifying which well-known artist was behind which unknown painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at spotting little-read passages by Hemingway or Dickens — a skill I can only assume no honeybee has yet demonstrated. Even more impressively, though, the students could recognize as-yet-unseen samples of each other’s work, including work in entirely different mediums. Creative writers could identify their fellow writers’ paintings and sketches; painters had a pretty good idea who’d brought which poem or clay pot. It’s clear what the bees were doing: picking up and categorizing complex visual patterns in the pairs of images. But recognizing differences across mediums is altogether different. Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should “out” us in another. But still I wonder: Just what about these techniques and preoccupations did the trick? The researchers did their best to keep subject matter from ruling the day by instructing, for instance, artists who happened to be surfers not to bring in art that depicted (描绘) surfing. But what of less obvious subject matter — like Western landscapes? And what of the obsessions that come into our work unawares? A correlational study like this one will not answer these questions. Perhaps my biggest question has to do with people who don’t identify as artists, and haven’t settled — or at least would claim so-on a personal style. Are their creations also a reflection of their worldview? It seems likely that, at least to some extent, bad art is all alike, while only good art is good in its own way. 31. Why does the author mention bees? A. To present an example. B. To put forward a theory. C. To draw out a comparison. D. To highlight a research finding. 32. Why does the author think humans still have the edge? A. Because we can transfer our experiences. B. Because we can discriminate styles. C. Because we can categorize patterns. D. Because we can learn from trials. 33. What does the underlined word “out” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Assist. B. Trick. C. Beat. D. Expose. 34 What might be the best title for the passage? A. Will Bees Beat Humans? B. How Will You View a View? C. Why Good Art Works Wonders? D. What Makes Hemingway Hemingway? 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了蜜蜂识别画作与人类艺术鉴赏能力的对比及思考。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is unsettling to learn, then, that for all of my carefully won art appreciation, I am in danger of being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, honeybees — whose brains are the size of grass seeds — were shown Picassos and Monets paired side by side.(然而，令人不安的是，尽管我精心培养了对艺术的鉴赏力，但我却有可能被一种昆虫超越。在最近的一项研究中，蜜蜂——它们的大脑只有草籽大小——被展示了毕加索和莫奈的画作，并排摆放在一起)”可知，作者提到蜜蜂是为了与人类进行艺术鉴赏能力的对比。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Last year a team of researchers led by Liane Gabora found that art students were perfectly capable of identifying which well-known artist was behind which unknown painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at spotting little-read passages by Hemingway or Dickens — a skill I can only assume no honeybee has yet demonstrated.(去年，由Liane Gabora领导的一个研究小组发现，艺术专业的学生完全有能力分辨出哪幅画背后是哪位知名艺术家。创意写作专业的学生同样擅长发现海明威或狄更斯的小片段——我只能假设蜜蜂还没有表现出这种技能)”以及第五段“Even more impressively, though, the students could recognize as-yet-unseen samples of each other’s work, including work in entirely different mediums.(然而，更令人印象深刻的是，学生们能够识别出彼此尚未见过的作品样本，包括完全不同媒介的作品)”可知，作者认为人类仍然有优势是因为人类能够转移经验，识别不同艺术家的风格和跨媒介的作品。其中，A选项“因为我们可以转移我们的经验”最全面地概括了这一点。故选A。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should ‘out’ us in another.(Gabora认为，无论我们是写诗还是建造雕塑，我们都是用同样的思维去做的：这种思维方式以同样的方式组织信息，受到同样的经验塑造，渴望表达同样的想法。自然而然地，我们在一个领域的技术和关注点应该会在另一个领域‘out’我们)”可知，此处out意为“暴露，揭示”，即我们在一个领域的技术和关注点会揭示我们在另一个领域的身份或特点。D选项“Expose(暴露)”与此意思相符。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。文章通过讲述蜜蜂和人类在艺术方面的能力，重点强调了人类在艺术创作中独特的思维方式、经历等因素会体现在作品中，让作品具有独特的风格，就像海明威的作品具有海明威独特的风格一样。D选项“What Makes Hemingway Hemingway?(是什么让海明威成为海明威？)”，可以引申为是什么让艺术家的作品具有独特风格，符合文章主旨。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those,like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. ____35____ A poll found that 62% of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30% communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. ____36____ It is also somewhat self-indulgent (我行我素)．While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. ____37____ If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. ____38____ Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. ____39____ All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A. Be at peace with that. B. Be responsive and informative. C. You need not keep your messages too short. D. It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E. A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F. It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G. These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 【答案】35. D 36. E 37. G 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语音消息的现状及使用的一些规则。 【35题详解】 由上文“There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that.(有些人，比如我，既喜欢发语音也喜欢听语音；然后还有那些非常不喜欢语音的人)”可知，本空要说跟人们对语音信息的不同态度有关的话题，D选项“It seems the haters are losing the battle, though.(然而，似乎那些讨厌语音信息的人正在输掉这场战斗)”承接上文，符合题意，haters呼应上文的those who dislike them。故选D。 【36题详解】 由上文“The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you.(第一条规则：只给你确信喜欢你的人发语音信息)”可知，本空要说跟发语音信息有关的话题，E选项“A voice note is a demand on someone else's time.(语音信息是对别人时间的一种占用)”承接上文，解释了为什么要只给喜欢自己的人发语音信息，符合题意。故选E。 【37题详解】 由上文“Never give complicated instructions in a voice note.(永远不要在语音信息中给出复杂的指示)”可知，本空要说跟不要在语音信息中给出复杂指示有关的话题，G选项“These should be typed out so the other person can refer back.(这些应该打出来，以便对方可以回头参考)”承接上文，对上文进行了进一步解释，these指代complicated instructions。故选G。 【38题详解】 由下文“Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead.(除非你有趣或者对方喜欢你，否则留下一条不到10秒的语音信息是令人讨厌的。相反，把它打出来)”可知，本空要说跟语音信息时长有关的话题，C选项“You need not keep your messages too short.(你不必把信息留得太短)”引出下文，符合题意，下文是对该选项的进一步说明。故选C。 【39题详解】 由上文“If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it.(如果你的信息超过10分钟，他们可能永远不会听)”可知，本空要说跟对方不听长语音信息有关的话题，A选项“Be at peace with that.(平静地接受这一点吧)”承接上文，符合题意，that指代上文提到的对方可能不听长语音信息的情况。故选A。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Picture this: Your team is racing against time to submit a new proposal. You finally manage to put all the documents together. The proposal looks great and you’re confident that you’ll probably win it. A week later, you get an email: “We really liked your proposal, but we found a mistake in it. So...” You’re frustrated and angry. You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. A study shows that the brain responds more strongly to bad experiences than good ones. The authors concluded that, “Good can only match or overcome bad by strength of numbers.” How much good can overcome bad? Five positive experiences are about equal to one negative one. We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. We tend to believe that what people do reflects who they are, rather than considering there may be other factors influencing their behaviour. There is also a biological explanation. Recent research shows that positive events are processed by the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层)，which takes a while and tends to conclude that good things happen by luck. Negative events, on the other hand, are processed by the amygdala, which controls our fight-or-flight response. The amygdala usually concludes that bad things happen on purpose, and it comes to this conclusion lightning fast. So fast that we don’t even notice we're making an assumption; we just know that the person closest to the problem must have done it on purpose! This leads to the second problem with blame-we don't notice how often we do it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. Now that we better understand the psychology behind blame, what can we do to promote a blame-free culture? 40. What might be the result when you blame others for a team failure? ___________________________________________________ 41. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? ___________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. ___________________________________________________ 43. What can you do to help build a blame-free culture in daily life? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Your relationship may be damaged. 41. The psychological and biological reasons why we tend to blame others. 42. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our energy to defending ourselves. 43. In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们倾向于指责他人的心理及生物原因和如何避免指责文化。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. (你把团队叫来，指责他们没有仔细检查文件，然后气冲冲地走出房间。可能的结果是什么？你的团队可能会认为你忘恩负义、不友善。你们的关系可能会受损。)”可知，当你因为团队失败而指责他人时，你们的关系可能会受损。故答案为Your relationship may be damaged. 【41题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. (当事情出错时，我们天生就会倾向于指责他人或环境。这在一定程度上是心理上的，由基本归因偏差驱动。)”和第四段中“There is also a biological explanation. (还有一个生物学上的解释。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要讲述了我们倾向于指责他人的心理和生物原因。故答案为The psychological and biological reasons why we tend to blame others. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段中“When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. (当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，这会影响我们解决被指责的问题的能力。)”可知，当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，而不是回顾问题。因此，错误的部分是“direct our efforts to reviewing the problem”，应改为“direct our energy to defending ourselves”。故答案为When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our energy to defending ourselves. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我们可以采取积极的态度，鼓励团队成员分享他们的观点和感受，而不是指责他们。同时，当出现问题时，我们应该专注于寻找解决方案，而不是追究责任。例如，我们可以说：“In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. (在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我会积极倾听他人的意见，鼓励开放的沟通，并在问题出现时专注于寻找解决方案，而不是指责他人)”故答案为In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子（Confucius in My Eyes）”全球原创作品征集活动，来信询问你的建议。请用英语给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．提出建议； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Glad to receive your email. What an exciting activity! Here is my idea. I'm thinking you can make a short animation film. The film will focus on your understanding of Confucius' philosophy. You can show how his ideas, like kindness,influence us teenagers to share, help each other, and build warm friendships, making school life more enjoyable. Even better, you can start a “kindness challenge” to encourage friends to do something nice every day and record their good deeds. The fresh perspective will help people realize the everlasting value of Confucius'ideas.I am sure it will make a great entry. Good luck! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国好友Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子（Confucius in My Eyes）”全球原创作品征集活动，来信询问建议。请考生用英语给他回复一封电子邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 令人兴奋的：exciting→thrilling 影响：influence→affect 帮助：help→assist 鼓励：encourage→motivate 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：I'm thinking you can make a short animation film The film will focus on your understanding of Confucius' philosophy. 拓展句：I'm thinking you can make a short animation film, which will focus on your understanding of Confucius' philosophy.. 【点睛】[高分句型1] You can show how his ideas, like kindness, influence us teenagers to share, help each other, and build warm friendships, making school life more enjoyable. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] I am sure it will make a great entry. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市东城区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一） 英语 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Rebecca remembers the first time she was upset by the sight of hundreds of roses. It was after a wedding reception last year as she was cleaning up the room. “Nobody had ____1____ for what to do with all of the flowers after the wedding. We collected as many as we could in our cars, but there were so many left over. When we were throwing all these roses into trash bags, I felt ____2____ about the waste,” said Rebecca. Late last year, Rebecca and her friend Laura Ruth both were mourning (悼念) their fathers when they began talking about the flowers that they received. The flowers were a ____3____, but made them think about the nationwide problem of floral waste. Then, they started a nonprofit, Friendly City Florals, to reuse flowers ____4____ from weddings and floral shops in the area. “We’ve put the ____5____ out everywhere that if you have too many flowers and don’t know what to do with them, we’ll ____6____ them off your hands,” Rebecca said. They now devote several days a week to picking up flowers, freshening and delivering them to senior care homes, hospitals and schools in their area. The donated flowers are ____7____ welcome at the Community Retirement Centre. “It’s a ____8____ way to give our residents joy and purpose. Seeing all those flowers instantly brightens up their day,” the centre’s manager said. Rebecca and Laura are not the first to ____9____ flowers: A Virginia doctor collects flowers and donates them to her hospital patients. But the pair hope the idea ____10____ even more around the country. “If our flowers give one person a few moments of happiness on a difficult day, then it’s all worthwhile,” Rebecca said. 1. A. paid B. applied C. hoped D. planned 2 A. confused B. impatient C. terrible D. curious 3. A. symbol B. comfort C. reminder D. wonder 4. A. purchased B. borrowed C. separated D. donated 5. A. word B. signal C. effort D. task 6. A. set B. take C. hold D. keep 7. A. still B. already C. always D. even 8. A. funny B. creative C. traditional D. formal 9. A. exhibit B. preserve C. harvest D. repurpose 10. A. catches on B. comes up C. runs off D. stands out 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After a weekend trip, my friend and I ____11____ (drive) home when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stoplight. A woman and her little daughter excitedly told us shoes had flown ____12____ our car! We realized our other friend must have left them on the roof. We thanked them and went back to search, ____13____ we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, ____14____ (spot) shoes and even picking them up for us. Their unexpected effort to help us out made our day. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog ____15____ (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person ____16____ voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand ____17____ different species learn to communicate with each other. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词恰当形式填空。 AI and learning have a powerful and collaborative relationship. AI acts as a smart tool, personalizing lessons ____18____ (match) each student’s pace and needs, which makes learning more effective. It also supports teachers by automating tasks like grading, allowing them to focus more on instruction and student interaction. However, it is important to use AI responsibly — it should complement, not replace, the role of teachers and students. Ensuring ____19____ (fair), privacy, and ethical use is essential. When ____20____ (use) wisely, AI can transform education for the better. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The app store is flooded with astronomy-based apps that can help guide you towards celestial (天体的) wonders. But what if you’re ready to look deeper into the night sky using a telescope? Nobody wants to make a big investment, and then aimlessly scan the stars trying to find an object. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is a solution to that. Celestar is a leader in the world of telescopes and its StarSmart Explorer app and dock have been designed to run on its telescopes. The free StarSmart Explorer app uses information based on precise location and time to tell you which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky. How it works Connect the phone with the telescope and select your intended celestial target. The phone will be held over an integrated mirror, so that star patterns can reflect off the mirror and into the phone’s camera. StarSmart Explorer processes the information and your telescope will adjust accordingly, placing the target in the middle. As well as locating your desired target, StarSmart Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object. Listen to an audio presentation while you observe. The app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view. Why it’s special Most astronomy apps use a smartphone’s compass to estimate its position. The pointing accuracy of a smartphone has margin for error. Precision matters when it comes to stargazing. StarSmart Explorer is the only astronomy app to use modern plate solving technology to find its target, and it claims a typical pointing accuracy of 0.25°. The app takes a picture of the night sky and matches the star pattern within the image to its internal database. It’s similar, in essence, to facial recognition. Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSmart Explorer app is free and works well with StarSmart Explorer telescopes, starting from £299.99. If you’re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestar’s StarSmart Explorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more at www.celestar.com/starsmart. 21. StarSmart Explorer can help ________. A. decide observation duration B. locate stars precisely C. record information on stars D. find unknown planets 22. StarSmart Explorer is unique because________ A. it matches different types of telescopes B. it uses a smartphone’s built-in compass C. it is powered by advanced technology D. it is equipped with the latest database 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To introduce a set of equipment. B. To promote a stargazing product. C. To recommend a science project. D. To present an astronomical discovery. B I was in a tiny plane with skydivers in their 70s and 80s, and I was distracted. The reporter in me was trying to remember everything: the preflight rituals (仪式); the jokes; the way the jumpers checked their instruments. The rest of me was focused on the fact that in a few minutes, I would jump out of a plane flying 12,500 feet above the ground. I was reporting on West Ways, a group of skydivers in their late 50s to early 90s. The group was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped together about once a month ever since. This Sunday, they were celebrating their holiday party, which included a gift exchange and a 28-point formation in free fall. As we reached altitude, Mr. West went over the jump formation once more before leading the group in a cheer for my jump. It was time. One by one they jumped. In the air, they grabbed hold of one another, forming the shape of a snowflake. Then it was my turn. Mr. Diaz edged me forward. I took a deep breath. And on the count of three, we leaped into free fall. I had never been so aware of my senses: I felt the cold air against my face and the wind pushing back my arms and legs. After a few seconds, I was able to look around. After a few minutes, we landed. The members of West Ways cheered and clapped me on the back as I tried to catch my breath. Over the next six hours, I interviewed them as they did two more jumps. (I stayed firmly on the ground.) I heard tales about first kisses in free fall and parachuting (跳伞) into weddings. What struck me wasn’t the extraordinary physical accomplishment, but how a long-standing, active community offers a way for those in it to age gracefully. I don’t know whether I’ll skydive again. But I hope that when I’m 80, I can regularly experience a suspension of time with people I’ve known for decades, before we parachute back down to earth. 24. What do we know about West Ways? A. They make jumping a routine. B. They are well trained professionals. C. They set an age limit to new members. D. They are famous for their diving patterns. 25. Why did the author join West Ways that day? A. To celebrate a holiday. B. To try a sport. C. To care for the elderly. D. To cover a story. 26. What impressed the author most about West Ways? A. Their optimistic attitude. B. Their lifelong bond. C. Their physical achievements. D. Their remarkable skills. C Anyone with insomnia knows the impatience and frustration that accompanies sleeplessness. You long for a button that could instantly dampen all that mental activity.The idea of a mental switch is not far-fetched. Most neuroscientists now agree that our wakefulness is coordinated by a tiny bundle of neurons (一小束神经元) known as the “locus coeruleus” (LC), Latin for “blue dot”. It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area. There are slight differences in the process. Depending on the types of receptors they have, some neurons are more sensitive to smaller amounts of norepinephrine, while others only respond to higher thresholds. This means that, as the locus coeruleus activity rises, it will start to affect some brain areas more than others, which can have dramatic effects on things like our focus, concentration and creativity. Given the blue dot’s role, it makes sense that it would be quietest at night during sleep. It is not entirely silent, however, but fires occasionally-and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University of Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality of our sleeps. Across the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep, which is associated with vivid dreaming and is thought to be crucial for processing and consolidating memories. Much of our rest, however,is spent in non-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste. Measuring brain activity in dozing mice, Anita found NREM sleep was associated with temporary bursts of locus coeruleus activity every 50 seconds. As a result, the animal was more sensitive to outside stimuli, like noises-without fully waking. “It’s generating this state of enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives you this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.” The beginning of REM sleep was almost always associated with low locus coeruleus activity. “That transition to REM sleep has to be very well controlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atonia.” That’s the temporary paralysis (麻痹) of our body, which prevents us from physically acting out our dreams. Anita emphasises that her experiments were conducted in mice, so we still need to confirm that the blue dot plays a similar role in human sleep. If so, she suspects that altered locus coeruleus activity could be implicated in conditions — such as anxiety — that may contribute to disordered sleep. She found that exposing her laboratory mice to mild sources of stress — such as knocking on their cage — raised the blue dot’s activity and increased their vigilance throughout the night, resulting in fragmented sleep. 27. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Neurons. B. Electric currents. C. Projections. D. Neurotransmitters. 28. According to the passage, what is the role of the LC? A. Producing receptors. B. Preserving cell sensitivity. C. Monitoring brain activity. D. Improving neural connectivity. 29. Which of the following may Anita Lüthi agree with? A. The blue dot fires regularly at night. B. Stress has an impact on the LC activity. C. Low LC activity can help clean cellular waste. D. Atonia results from sudden bursts of brain activity. 30. What might be the next step of the research? A. Grading the wakefulness of human brains. B. Unlocking the mechanism of sleep disorder. C. Assessing the function of the blue dot on humans. D. Identifying approaches to altering the LC activity. D Years after my art history class I am insufferable at museums. “That’s definitely a Matisse,” I say. “You can telI because of the brushwork and the use of colour.” Sometimes it is not a Matisse but oftentimes it is. It is unsettling to learn, then, that for all of my carefully won art appreciation, I am in danger of being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, honeybees — whose brains are the size of grass seeds — were shown Picassos and Monets paired side by side. Below the prints were two small containers, one containing sugar water and the other nothing at all. Which to enter? Bees couldn’t see or smell whether a given container held the treat until they’d already flown inside it. But they could let the masterpieces guide them: for some bees, the reward was always under the Picasso, while for the rest it was under the Monet. Over the course of many trials, the bees learned to fly straight for the correct container. Indeed, they even performed slightly better than chance when faced with pairs of paintings they’d never seen before. The bees had learned to discriminate, however modestly, between the two artists’ styles. To be sure, humans still have the edge. Last year a team of researchers led by Liane Gabora found that art students were perfectly capable of identifying which well-known artist was behind which unknown painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at spotting little-read passages by Hemingway or Dickens — a skill I can only assume no honeybee has yet demonstrated. Even more impressively, though, the students could recognize as-yet-unseen samples of each other’s work, including work in entirely different mediums. Creative writers could identify their fellow writers’ paintings and sketches; painters had a pretty good idea who’d brought which poem or clay pot. It’s clear what the bees were doing: picking up and categorizing complex visual patterns in the pairs of images. But recognizing differences across mediums is altogether different. Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should “out” us in another. But still I wonder: Just what about these techniques and preoccupations did the trick? The researchers did their best to keep subject matter from ruling the day by instructing, for instance, artists who happened to be surfers not to bring in art that depicted (描绘) surfing. But what of less obvious subject matter — like Western landscapes? And what of the obsessions that come into our work unawares? A correlational study like this one will not answer these questions. Perhaps my biggest question has to do with people who don’t identify as artists, and haven’t settled — or at least would claim so-on a personal style. Are their creations also a reflection of their worldview? It seems likely that, at least to some extent, bad art is all alike, while only good art is good in its own way. 31. Why does the author mention bees? A. To present an example. B. To put forward a theory. C. To draw out a comparison. D. To highlight a research finding. 32. Why does the author think humans still have the edge? A. Because we can transfer our experiences. B. Because we can discriminate styles. C. Because we can categorize patterns. D. Because we can learn from trials. 33. What does the underlined word “out” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Assist. B. Trick. C. Beat. D. Expose. 34. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Will Bees Beat Humans? B. How Will You View a View? C. Why Good Art Works Wonders? D. What Makes Hemingway Hemingway? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those,like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. ____35____ A poll found that 62% of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30% communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. ____36____ It is also somewhat self-indulgent (我行我素)．While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. ____37____ If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. ____38____ Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. ____39____ All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A. Be at peace with that. B. Be responsive and informative. C. You need not keep your messages too short. D. It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E. A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F. It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G. These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Picture this: Your team is racing against time to submit a new proposal. You finally manage to put all the documents together. The proposal looks great and you’re confident that you’ll probably win it. A week later, you get an email: “We really liked your proposal, but we found a mistake in it. So...” You’re frustrated and angry. You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. A study shows that the brain responds more strongly to bad experiences than good ones. The authors concluded that, “Good can only match or overcome bad by strength of numbers.” How much good can overcome bad? Five positive experiences are about equal to one negative one. We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological driven by the fundamental attribution bias. We tend to believe that what people do reflects who they are, rather than considering there may be other factors influencing their behaviour. There is also a biological explanation. Recent research shows that positive events are processed by the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层)，which takes a while and tends to conclude that good things happen by luck. Negative events, on the other hand, are processed by the amygdala, which controls our fight-or-flight response. The amygdala usually concludes that bad things happen on purpose, and it comes to this conclusion lightning fast. So fast that we don’t even notice we're making an assumption; we just know that the person closest to the problem must have done it on purpose! This leads to the second problem with blame-we don't notice how often we do it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. Now that we better understand the psychology behind blame, what can we do to promote a blame-free culture? 40. What might be the result when you blame others for a team failure? ___________________________________________________ 41. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? ___________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. ___________________________________________________ 43. What can you do to help build a blame-free culture in daily life? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________ 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子（Confucius in My Eyes）”全球原创作品征集活动，来信询问你的建议。请用英语给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．提出建议； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$