精品解析：2025届上海市闵行区高三二模英语试卷

2025年上海市闵行区二模英语试卷 (考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____1____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____2____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____3____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____4____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____5____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____6____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____7____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____8____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____9____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____10____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】1. to inspire 2. If 3. where 4. have shared##shared 5. an 6. drawn 7. is organized##will be organized 8. what 9. from 10. starting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了波士顿大学暑期新闻学院的相关信息。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：寻找能激发你大学论文灵感的经历吗？此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰experience，表示“一种用来启发……的经历”。故填to inspire。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果是这样，那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if so表示“如果是这样”，固定搭配。故填If。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：向屡获殊荣的在职记者学习——其中包括两位因报道而共享普利策奖的记者。空处为句子的谓语动词。这里可以强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。也可用表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填have shared/shared。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的针对有新闻经验学生的校园住宿项目，以及一个为期两周的适合所有经验水平的在家学习项目。program为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个校园住宿项目”，且on-campus发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于喜欢摄影的学生，我们为两者都提供了专门的新闻摄影课程。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词students，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填drawn。 【7题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：新闻编辑室为学生提供了将课堂上学到的知识应用到实际新闻工作中的时间。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“……的东西”，用what引导该从句。故填what。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：嘉宾演讲为学生提供来自新闻专家的建议和见解，主题包括广播报道和大学新闻学习等。结合语境可知，此处表示“来自新闻专家的建议和见解”，需用介词from。故填from。 【10题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. switch B. cost C. deadliest D. flooding E. items F. shipping G. translates H. packed I. sticks J. lightweight K. recycle Plastic is everywhere, but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived ___11___ with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the ___12___. Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to ___13___ at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the ___14___, the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a ___15___, 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more ___16___ fit in a smaller box. That ___17___ to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution ___18___ into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during ___19___ and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a ____20____ saving to us.” 【答案】11. H 12. C 13. K 14. A 15. J 16. E 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了亚马逊公司为减少塑料污染，将其快递包装中的塑料气枕替换为可回收纸包装的举措及相关益处。 【11题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：在过去，来自亚马逊 —— 一个在线购物平台 —— 典型包裹到达时被装满了由柔性塑料薄膜制成的塑料气枕。根据下文“with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. ”可知，“be packed with” 符合句意，是固定短语，意为 “被装满”，此处用过去分词 “packed” 作状语，表示被动和完成的动作，故填 H。 【12题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：在对 80 种因吞食各种塑料垃圾而死亡的海洋物种的研究中，柔性塑料被证明是最致命的。根据语境及定冠词 “the” 可知，此处应填形容词最高级 “deadliest”，表示 “最致命的”，符合句意。故填C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们希望确保最终的包装在家里易于回收。“be easy to do sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “做某事是容易的”，此处需要一个动词，“recycle” 意为 “回收”，符合语境，故填K。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了进行这种转变，公司必须确保替代品能像塑料版本一样有效。“make the switch” 是固定搭配，意为 “进行转变”符合句意，故填A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：亚马逊与供应商合作，找到了一种轻便、100% 回收的纸，这种纸更容易包裹物体以保护它。此处需要一个形容词修饰 “paper”，“lightweight” 意为 “轻量的，轻便的”，符合语境，故填J。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种纸也占用更少的空间，所以现在更多的物品能装进一个更小的盒子里。根据“fit in a smaller box”可知，此处指更多的物品，“items” 意为 “物品”，符合语境，故填E。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：这意味着在公司的电动货车送货的情况下，使用更少的汽油或电力。“translate to” 是固定短语，意为 “意味着，转化为”，主语 “That” 是第三人称单数，所以用 “translates”，符合句意。故填G。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是在多年来环保组织施加压力要求阻止塑料污染涌入海洋之后受到欢迎的改变。“stop sth. from doing sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “阻止某物做某事”，“flooding into” 意为 “涌入”符合语境，为动名词作宾语。故填D。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：塑料很便宜，但新系统为公司节省了资金，因为在运输过程中东西损坏并需要更换的风险降低了。此处指在运输过程中，“shipping” 意为 “运输”，作宾语。符合语境，故填F。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以我们能够更安全地递送包裹并且减少损坏，这对我们来说是成本的节省。“cost saving” 意为 “成本节省”符合语境，故填B。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the ___21___. People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, ___22___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to ___23___, iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the ___24___. Iconicity also exists in ___25___. To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or ___26___ expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately ___27___ won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended ___28___ of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on ___29___ cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across ____30____, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and ____31____ their meanings from six written options. The findings showed ____32____ accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language ____33____. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ____34____ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this ____35____, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 21. A. description B. style C. interaction D. process 22. A. as a result B. in particular C. for example D. in other words 23. A. objects B. formation C. understanding D. gesturing 24. A. language B. evidence C. hints D. explanation 25. A. cultures B. sounds C. labs D. competitions 26. A. sound-imitating B. carefully-chosen C. imaginary D. shocking 27. A. heard B. repeated C. interpreted D. recorded 28. A. meanings B. purposes C. volume D. speed 29. A. extensive B. shared C. traditional D. classic 30. A. cultures B. generations C. careers D. situations 31. A. added B. clarified C. acquired D. guessed 32. A. similar B. varying C. satisfactory D. experimental 33. A. ability B. acquisition C. evolution D. diversity 34. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. entirely 35. A. knowledge B. ability C. awareness D. finding 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语言中“象似性”（iconicity）的重要性及其在跨文化沟通中的作用，通过实验证明象似性在语言发展和理解中的基础性功能。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，象似性——形式与意义之间的联系——可能在这一过程中起到了至关重要的作用。A. description描述；B. style风格；C. interaction互动；D. process过程。根据前文“how languages developed”可知，此处讨论讨论语言发展过程，故选D。 【22题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，我们经常用手和身体做出各种动作来表现意义，展示物体的大小和形状。A. as a result因此；B. in particular尤其；C. for example例如；D. in other words换句话说。根据后文“act out meanings”可知，此处是前文内容的具体例子，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性不仅局限于手势语言，它也出现在视觉交流中。A. objects物体；B. formation形成；C. understanding理解；D. gesturing手势。前文“We often use our hands and bodies, ___2___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects.”提到用手势（gesturing）表达，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通标志、食品包装和地图都运用象似性，让信息变得易于理解，而不受语言的限制。A. language语言；B. evidence证据；C. hints暗示；D. explanation解释。根据“regardless of”和后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages.”的跨文化实验，可知，此处强调脱离语言的限制，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性同样存在于声音之中。A. cultures文化；B. sounds声音；C. labs实验室；D. competitions比赛。后文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings”用实验描述用声音表达意义，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些声音不能包含实际的单词，也不能有类似 “BOOM”（模拟爆炸声）这样模仿声音的表达。A. sound-imitating拟声的；B. carefully-chosen精心挑选的；C. imaginary想象的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根据下文“like “BOOM” for an explosion”可知，“BOOM”是拟声词的举例，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，听众尝试将这些声音与一组书面选项进行匹配，其声音被最准确解读的参赛者将赢得比赛。A. heard听到；B. repeated重复；C. interpreted解释；D. recorded记录。根据前文“Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options”可知，实验要求听众匹配声音与解读，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果令人惊讶 —— 听众成功识别出了这些声音想要表达的意义。A. meanings意义；B. purposes目的；C. volume音量；D. speed速度。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings..”可知，实验目的是理解声音表达的意义，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，听众的成功很可能依赖于共同的文化知识。A. extensive广泛的；B. shared共有的；C. traditional传统的；D. classic经典的。根据前文“all the contestants and listeners were English speakers.”可知，实验参与者均为英语使用者，依赖共同文化背景，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了检验这种现象是否在不同文化中都存在，研究人员进行了一项更广泛的互联网调查，将实验内容翻译成 25 种语言。A. cultures文化；B. generations世代；C. careers职业；D. situations情境。根据后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds”可知，实验内容翻译成25种语言，因此此处强调跨文化，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自不同语言背景的参与者听这些声音，并从六个书面选项中猜测其意义。A. added添加；B. clarified澄清；C. acquired获得；D. guessed猜测。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings.”和“Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds” 可知，研究人员进行了更广泛的网络调查，实验要求从选项中猜测声音含义，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究结果显示，不同语言群体的准确率各不相同。A. similar相似的；B. varying不同的；C. satisfactory满意的；D. experimental实验的 。根据后文“English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%.”可知，后文数据（74% vs 34%）表明准确率差异，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究表明，我们进行象似性交流的能力在语言的演变过程中发挥了基础性作用。A. ability能力；B. acquisition习得；C. evolution演化；D. diversity多样性。根据第一段的“A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed.”可知，全文围绕语言发展（development/evolution）展开，故选C。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：象似性使人们能够以不完全依赖于特定语言知识的方式表达意义。A. skillfully熟练地；B. routinely常规地；C. vividly生动地；D. entirely完全地。根据后文“dependent on specific linguistic knowledge”可推断，此处强调不完全依赖语言知识，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种能力，语言可能永远不会发展成我们如今所拥有的复杂系统。A. knowledge知识；B. ability能力；C. awareness意识；D. finding发现。根据前文“Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ___14___ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge.”可知，此处指的是前文提到的，象似性作为沟通能力，故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The rock dove, a bird native to Europe and Western Asia, is the ancestor of the common urban pigeon. Settlers introduced rock doves to North America in the 1600s for meat and, over time, these birds escaped domestication and grew well in urban areas. Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young. Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs. They often fail because it can be difficult to access nests or attract pigeons to nest houses. Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations. 36. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the survival of pigeons in urban areas? A. Pigeon-friendly climate. B. Availability of habitats. C Rich food supply. D. Freeing domesticated pigeons. 37. The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A. introduction B. gathering C. reproduction D. nesting 38. From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A. needs to be used repeatedly B. is not effective in the long run C. reduces pigeon numbers greatly D. works when pigeons multiply 39. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A. urban pigeons tend to act independently B. it is difficult for pigeons to adapt to cities C. stopping feeding pigeons is key to controlling their numbers D. alternative methods to reduce pigeon numbers are being explored 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了城市中鸽子泛滥的问题，介绍了鸽子数量多的原因以及应对方法。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young.(城市为鸽子提供了很多，因为高楼和窗台上的架子可以作为岩鸽的筑巢地点。城市居民有意地给鸽子喂鸟食或面包，或无意地留下食物垃圾，为鸽子提供了大量的食物。除了人类来源的食物，鸽子的饮食也很广泛，包括种子、浆果和昆虫。鸽子爱好者还把驯养的鸽子放生到城市环境中，然后在那里繁殖后代)”可知，城市中适宜的栖息地、丰富的食物以及鸽子爱好者放飞驯养的鸽子等是城市中鸽子存活的原因，未提到适合鸽子的气候。故选A。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers.(鸽子全年繁殖的能力导致城市中鸽子数量众多，这对城市野生动物管理人员来说是个问题。)”以及“they live in groups of up to 500 birds(它们生活在多达500只鸽子的群体中)”可知，鸽子繁殖能力强导致数量众多，且喜欢大量群体生活在一起，“this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people(这种持续的congregation可能会引起与人的相当大的冲突)”指的是鸽子持续性大量聚集在一起会引起与人的相当大的冲突，划线词意思congregation是“聚集”。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs.(管理人员使用了致命的工具，如毒药。然而，这种方法通常不会产生持久的结果，因为剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速。此外，许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类)”可知，毒药会让剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速，而且许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类，由此可知这种方法从长远来看是无效的。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations.(防止冲突最终依赖于消除城市鸽子的食物来源。例如，许多城市居民在公园里喂鸽子。这可以通过公共教育运动或执行喂养规定加以限制)”可知，停止喂鸽子是控制鸽子数量的关键。故选C。 (B) How to Streamline Your Project Management Process Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly. Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives Start with a clear understanding of your goals and objectives. A well-defined purpose helps keep the team focused. Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan Include the key components: a detailed timeline, task breakdown, resource distribution, budget consideration, and risk assessment. Step 3: Track Progress And Milestones Use reliable digital tools to judge whether you are on track or not. Step 4: ___________ Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks. Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications Team members should communicate clearly in a centralized project management platform with messaging and commenting features. Step 6: Close the Project Collect feedback from participants, document key lessons learned, and store all project-related documents. It’s also important to recognize team members for their efforts. The streamlined project management process can be applied to various types of projects, whether you are launching a new business initiative, managing a large-scale event or organizing a community service project. 40. This passage is intended for project managers ________. A. aiming to improve the impact of their projects B. interested in streamlining their management meetings C. seeking to enrich their management knowledge and skills D. looking to make their project management efficient 41. Which of the following best fits the blank in Step 4? A. Manage Your Resources B. Automate Assignments C. Determine Responsibility Range D. Identify Labour-saving Mode 42. David is organizing a charity fundraiser. Arrange the following questions he needs to consider in the correct order based on the project management steps. (1) Are key participants happy with everything? (2) How much money in total can I expect to raise? (3) Which app can be used to record the amount of money collected at different times? (4) Is email an effective channel for team members to state their points? (5) What tasks are your team members best at? (6) What are the specific tasks involved in organizing the fundraiser? A. (2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B. (6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5) C. (2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D. (6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4) 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了如何简化项目管理流程。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly.(有效的项目管理是任何成功尝试的基石。确保成功的一个方法是简化你的项目管理流程。以下是一步一步的指南，使任何项目顺利进行。)”可知，这篇文章是写给希望使项目管理高效的项目经理的。故选D。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Step 4部分的“Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks.(评估个人优势并相应地分配任务。明智地使用时间和资金也是必要的，以及采用合适的工具来自动化任务。)”可知，第四步主要讲的是要评估个人优势、分配任务，还要明智地使用时间和资金，所以A选项“Manage Your Resources(管理你的资源)”最适合作为第四段的小标题。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly.(”以下是一步一步指南，使任何项目顺利进行。)”以及第二段“Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives(步骤1：定义目标和目的)”可知，大卫组织慈善募捐活动时，根据项目管理步骤，他需要考虑的问题的第一个应该是：你总共能筹到多少钱；根据第三段“Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan(步骤2：制定全面的项目计划)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第二个应该是：组织募捐活动的具体任务是什么；根据第五段“It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks.(明智地使用时间和资金，以及采用合适的工具来自动化任务，这也是很有必要的。)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第三个应该是：哪个应用程序可以用来记录不同时间收集的钱数；根据第五段“Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly.(评估个人优势并相应地分配任务。)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第四个应该是：你的团队成员最擅长什么任务；根据第六段“Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications(步骤5：确保有效沟通)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第五个应该是：电子邮件是否是团队成员表达观点的有效渠道；根据第七段“Step 6: Close the Project(步骤6：关闭项目)”''以及“Collect feedback from participants(收集参与者的反馈)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第六个应该是：主要参与者对一切都满意吗？所以大卫需要考虑的问题的正确顺序是(2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1)。故选C。 (C) For years, people have wondered whether creativity is a rare, inborn gift or a skill that anyone can develop. While some individuals appear naturally gifted in artistic or intellectual pursuits, recent studies challenge the long-held belief that creativity is a unique gift possessed by a select few. Instead, these studies suggest that creativity is not a mysterious quality, but a skill that can be developed through purposeful practice, persistence, and the right mindset. Take a young musician with moderate talent. Studies have shown that expert musicians engage in a practice method known as “deep practice,” which involves breaking complex pieces into smaller parts, repeating challenging sections, and identifying mistakes with focused attention. This method forces the brain to form new brain connections, enhancing both technical ability and originality. In contrast, merely playing a piece repeatedly without analyzing mistakes does little to encourage creativity. Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). Psychologists have found that individuals who adopt a “growth mindset” — the belief that abilities can be improved through effort — are more likely to achieve creative success. Rather than viewing failure as a sign of personal limitation, they treat it as an opportunity to improve their skills. This perspective allows them to push past frustration and continue experimenting until they reach a breakthrough. In contrast, those with a “fixed mindset” tend to believe that creativity is an inborn quality, leading them to give up more easily when faced with challenges. While natural talent may give an initial advantage, it is not the determining factor in long-term success. The brain’s adaptability allows anyone to develop creativity potential through continuous practice and learning. 43. In paragraph 1, the author’s main argument is introduced by _________. A. presenting the long-held belief B. providing examples of creative individuals C. contrasting two opposing views D. sharing personal experiences 44. The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A. to illustrate that failure can lead to success B. to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C. to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D. to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 45. According to the passage, how does a “growth mindset” help creativity? A. It helps people persist through difficulties and improve. B. It allows individuals to believe they are naturally gifted. C. It encourages people to make full use of every opportunity. D. It ensures that all efforts lead to immediate success. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. How natural talent determines creativity. B. The role of deep practice in creative success. C. The connection between failure and inspiration. D. The development of creativity as a skill. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了创造力是可以通过有目的的练习、坚持不懈和正确的心态来培养的技能，并对此进行了举例说明。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For years, people have wondered whether creativity is a rare, inborn gift or a skill that anyone can develop. While some individuals appear naturally gifted in artistic or intellectual pursuits, recent studies challenge the long-held belief that creativity is a unique gift possessed by a select few. Instead, these studies suggest that creativity is not a mysterious quality, but a skill that can be developed through purposeful practice, persistence, and the right mindset.(多年来，人们一直想知道创造力是一种罕见的、天生的天赋，还是一种任何人都可以培养的技能。虽然有些人在艺术或智力追求方面表现出天生的天赋，但最近的研究挑战了长期以来的信念，即创造力是少数人拥有的独特天赋。相反，这些研究表明，创造力并不是一种神秘的品质，而是一种可以通过有目的的练习、坚持不懈和正确的心态来培养的技能)”可知，作者将“创造力是一种罕见的、天生的天赋，为少数人所独有”这一长期存在的观点，与“创造力是可以通过有目的的练习、坚持和正确心态来培养的技能”这一近期研究观点进行对比，从而引出自己的主要论点。由此推断作者在第一段是通过对比两种对立的观点来引入主要论点的。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡).(同样，科学家在发现突破性的解决方案之前，可能会进行无数次失败的实验。例如，托马斯·爱迪生在发明灯泡之前曾说过，他的成功建立在“1000种行不通的方法”之上)”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生的例子是为了说明创造力需要坚持不懈的努力，即毅力对创造力至关重要。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Psychologists have found that individuals who adopt a “growth mindset” — the belief that abilities can be improved through effort — are more likely to achieve creative success. Rather than viewing failure as a sign of personal limitation, they treat it as an opportunity to improve their skills. This perspective allows them to push past frustration and continue experimenting until they reach a breakthrough.(心理学家发现，那些秉持“成长型思维”的人——即相信能力可以通过努力提高的人——更有可能取得创造性的成功。他们不会把失败视为个人局限的标志，而是将其视为提高技能的机会。这种观点使他们能够克服挫折，继续实验，直到取得突破)”可知，“成长型思维”帮助人们克服困难并不断进步。故选A。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“While natural talent may give an initial advantage, it is not the determining factor in long-term success. The brain’s adaptability allows anyone to develop creativity potential through continuous practice and learning.(虽然天赋可能会带来最初的优势，但它并不是长期成功的决定性因素。大脑的适应性使任何人都可以通过不断的练习和学习来开发创造潜力)”以及文章主要论述了创造力是可以通过有目的的练习、坚持不懈和正确的心态来培养的技能，并对此进行了举例说明。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是创造力作为一种技能的发展。故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. ____47____ In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. ____48____ This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. ____49____ Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. ____50____ He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A. But his writings offer a different perspective. B. Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C. This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D. His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E. His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F. He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. 【答案】47. F 48. D 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳的重要地位以及他的作品特点。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories.(儒勒·凡尔纳被誉为科幻小说之父，他的作品将读者带到了地球上甚至更远的地方进行激动人心的冒险。在他富有想象力的小说中，凡尔纳写的不仅仅是冒险故事)”以及第二段“In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing.(在《2889年》中，凡尔纳描述了一个全球多媒体通信的世界。这个角色可以用“phonotelephote”——一种能够远距离发送声音和图像的设备——与他在另一个大陆上的妻子交流。在《从地球到月球》中，凡尔纳甚至在人类首次真正登月的几十年前就设想了一次月球航行)”可知，本句承上启下，说明凡尔纳的故事想象了一些当时并不存在的技术。故F选项“早在技术进步成为现实之前，他就已经在想象了”符合语境，与上文构成并列关系递进关系。故选F。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future.(与幻想或超自然故事不同，凡尔纳的作品侧重于对未来的想象)”以及后文“This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy.(这种方法为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础，它强调科学准确性的重要性)”可知，本句主要说明凡尔纳为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础的具体方法是什么。故D选项“他的想象是建立在科学和他自己的深入研究的基础上的”符合语境，故选D。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation.(凡尔纳是科学进步和创新的倡导者)”以及后文“Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm.(他的许多故事都描写了才华横溢却又疯狂的科学家。例如，像《海底两万里》中的尼莫船长这样的角色将他们的发明用于破坏性目的，这表明是人类的本性，而不是技术本身，决定了它是成为一种好还是坏的力量)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出凡尔纳的作品为技术提供了一个不同的视角。故A选项“但他的作品提供了一个不同的视角”符合语境，故选A。 【50题详解】 根据后文“He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works.(他塑造了几代人对技术和人类思维潜力的看法。这是凡尔纳不朽作品的最大成就)”可知，本段主要说明了凡尔纳的影响力。故B选项“凡尔纳的影响远远超出了文学”符合语境，故选B。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案： Crown shyness is a mysterious and fascinating phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. It may result from competition for resources like light and water or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. This phenomenon, while not universal, has real purposes. It helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance, supporting overall forest health. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“树冠羞避”这一自然现象，解释了其可能的原因及其对森林生态系统的益处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Crown shyness is a phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. ② It may result from competition for resources like sunlight and water, or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. ③ This phenomenon helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance. ④ Crown shyness supports overall forest health and is not a random occurrence. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合为现象及其原因，将第3、4两个要点整合为现象的作用和意义。 3. 遣词造句 Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. (运用where引导的定语从句和possibly due to短语，对现象及其原因进行了简洁而高级的概括) 【高分句型2】It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. (通过by引导的方式状语和四个动名词充当介词by的宾语，清晰地说明了现象的多重作用，表达层次丰富) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 【解析】 【详解】考查陈述句和固定搭配。根据汉语题干可知，表示“骆驼”用camel，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，作主语，句子开头，注意用大写；“会适应”是句子的谓语，句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故可译为can adapt或adapt；表示“干旱的沙漠环境”用the dry desert environment，作“会适应”的宾语；再结合已给英文提示instinct，所以表示“本能地”用by instinct或者out of instinct，置于句尾，修饰谓语adapt to。故翻译为Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 53. 这件丝绸睡衣摸起来无比柔软，值得回购。(feel) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The silk pajamas feel incredibly/extremely soft and are worth purchasing again/repurchasing. 【解析】 【详解】考查感官动词和时态。“这件丝绸睡衣”译为The silk pajamas，作主语，“摸起来”使用感官动词feel，后接形容词作表语，“柔软”使用形容词soft，前面使用副词incredibly/extremely作状语修饰，“值得做某事”使用固定短语be worth doing，“回购”使用动词短语purchase again或repurchase，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词使用复数，故翻译为：The silk pajamas feel incredibly/extremely soft and are worth purchasing again/repurchasing. 54. 倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和从句。根据句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。“人工智”为artificial intelligence，作主语；“完全地”为 completely，作状语；“取代”为 replace，作谓语；“人类劳动”为 human labor，作宾语。“倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动”翻译为：倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动。“那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？”表示一种反问和委婉的语气，用wouldn’t+动词原形。“面临......风险”为 be at risk of ；“失业”为unemployment，作宾语。故翻译为：If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 55. 这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。此处主语“这座拥有百年历史的图书馆”可用the century-old library，或用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose history spans over a century；表示“坐落于市中心”短语为be located in the city center，可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose location is in the city center，或用过去分词作状语；表示“馆藏丰富”可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose collection is extensive，或翻译为have an extensive collection/ a rich collection；表示“读者”为复数名词readers；表示“可以”应用can；表示“找到”可用动词find，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“各种”短语为a variety of；表示“珍贵的书籍”为precious/rare books。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here./The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here./Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校决定开设时长为30分钟的体育大课间。现向同学们征集课间活动方案。你对此有一些想法，便写信给学生会。信件内容包括： 1. 具体的活动安排； 2. 设计这些活动的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union, I am Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi High School. I am writing to propose my ideas for the 30-minute sports break activity to be implemented by our school. Firstly, I suggest dividing the 30 minutes into three parts: a 10-minute group stretching session, a 10-minute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and a final 10-minute relaxation and breathing exercise. The stretching session can help us loosen up our muscles, reducing the risk of injury during subsequent activities. The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking or light jogging, can enhance our cardiovascular health and boost our energy levels. Finally, the relaxation and breathing exercise can help us calm down, reduce stress, and prepare for the next class. As senior three students, we are under immense academic pressure, and regular physical activity can help us alleviate stress and improve our mental well-being. Yours Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写信给学生会，说明自己对开设时长为30分钟的体育大课间的具体活动安排以及设计这些活动的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggest→advise 加强：enhance→strengthen 压力：pressure→stress 最后：finally→at last 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：As senior three students, we are under immense academic pressure, and regular physical activity can help us alleviate stress and improve our mental well-being. 拓展句：As senior three students, we are under immense academic pressure so that regular physical activity can help us alleviate stress and improve our mental well-being. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The stretching session can help us loosen up our muscles, reducing the risk of injury during subsequent activities.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】Firstly, I suggest dividing the 30 minutes into three parts: a 10-minute group stretching session, a 10-minute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and a final 10-minute relaxation and breathing exercise.（运用了动名词作宾语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年上海市闵行区二模英语试卷 (考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____1____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____2____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____3____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____4____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____5____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____6____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____7____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____8____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____9____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____10____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. switch B. cost C. deadliest D. flooding E. items F. shipping G. translates H. packed I. sticks J. lightweight K. recycle Plastic is everywhere but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived ___11___ with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the ___12___. Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to ___13___ at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the ___14___, the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a ___15___, 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more ___16___ fit in a smaller box. That ___17___ to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution ___18___ into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during ___19___ and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a ____20____ saving to us.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the ___21___. People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, ___22___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to ___23___, iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the ___24___. Iconicity also exists in ___25___. To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or ___26___ expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately ___27___ won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended ___28___ of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on ___29___ cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across ____30____, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and ____31____ their meanings from six written options. The findings showed ____32____ accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language ____33____. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ____34____ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this ____35____, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 21. A. description B. style C. interaction D. process 22. A. as a result B. in particular C. for example D. in other words 23. A. objects B. formation C. understanding D. gesturing 24. A. language B. evidence C. hints D. explanation 25. A. cultures B. sounds C. labs D. competitions 26. A. sound-imitating B. carefully-chosen C. imaginary D. shocking 27. A. heard B. repeated C. interpreted D. recorded 28 A. meanings B. purposes C. volume D. speed 29. A. extensive B. shared C. traditional D. classic 30. A. cultures B. generations C. careers D. situations 31. A. added B. clarified C. acquired D. guessed 32. A. similar B. varying C. satisfactory D. experimental 33. A. ability B. acquisition C. evolution D. diversity 34. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. entirely 35. A. knowledge B. ability C. awareness D. finding Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The rock dove, a bird native to Europe and Western Asia, is the ancestor of the common urban pigeon. Settlers introduced rock doves to North America in the 1600s for meat and, over time, these birds escaped domestication and grew well in urban areas. Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young. Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs. They often fail because it can be difficult to access nests or attract pigeons to nest houses. Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations. 36. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the survival of pigeons in urban areas? A. Pigeon-friendly climate. B. Availability of habitats. C. Rich food supply. D. Freeing domesticated pigeons. 37. The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A. introduction B. gathering C. reproduction D. nesting 38. From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A. needs to be used repeatedly B. is not effective in the long run C. reduces pigeon numbers greatly D. works when pigeons multiply 39. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A. urban pigeons tend to act independently B. it is difficult for pigeons to adapt to cities C. stopping feeding pigeons is key to controlling their numbers D. alternative methods to reduce pigeon numbers are being explored (B) How to Streamline Your Project Management Process Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly. Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives Start with a clear understanding of your goals and objectives. A well-defined purpose helps keep the team focused. Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan Include the key components: a detailed timeline, task breakdown, resource distribution, budget consideration, and risk assessment. Step 3: Track Progress And Milestones Use reliable digital tools to judge whether you are on track or not. Step 4: ___________ Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks. Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications Team members should communicate clearly in a centralized project management platform with messaging and commenting features. Step 6: Close the Project Collect feedback from participants, document key lessons learned, and store all project-related documents. It’s also important to recognize team members for their efforts. The streamlined project management process can be applied to various types of projects, whether you are launching a new business initiative, managing a large-scale event or organizing a community service project. 40. This passage is intended for project managers ________. A. aiming to improve the impact of their projects B. interested in streamlining their management meetings C. seeking to enrich their management knowledge and skills D. looking to make their project management efficient 41 Which of the following best fits the blank in Step 4? A. Manage Your Resources B. Automate Assignments C. Determine Responsibility Range D. Identify Labour-saving Mode 42. David is organizing a charity fundraiser. Arrange the following questions he needs to consider in the correct order based on the project management steps. (1) Are key participants happy with everything? (2) How much money in total can I expect to raise? (3) Which app can be used to record the amount of money collected at different times? (4) Is email an effective channel for team members to state their points? (5) What tasks are your team members best at? (6) What are the specific tasks involved in organizing the fundraiser? A. (2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B. (6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5) C. (2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D. (6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4) (C) For years, people have wondered whether creativity is a rare, inborn gift or a skill that anyone can develop. While some individuals appear naturally gifted in artistic or intellectual pursuits, recent studies challenge the long-held belief that creativity is a unique gift possessed by a select few. Instead, these studies suggest that creativity is not a mysterious quality, but a skill that can be developed through purposeful practice, persistence, and the right mindset. Take a young musician with moderate talent. Studies have shown that expert musicians engage in a practice method known as “deep practice,” which involves breaking complex pieces into smaller parts, repeating challenging sections, and identifying mistakes with focused attention. This method forces the brain to form new brain connections, enhancing both technical ability and originality. In contrast, merely playing a piece repeatedly without analyzing mistakes does little to encourage creativity. Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). Psychologists have found that individuals who adopt a “growth mindset” — the belief that abilities can be improved through effort — are more likely to achieve creative success. Rather than viewing failure as a sign of personal limitation, they treat it as an opportunity to improve their skills. This perspective allows them to push past frustration and continue experimenting until they reach a breakthrough. In contrast, those with a “fixed mindset” tend to believe that creativity is an inborn quality, leading them to give up more easily when faced with challenges. While natural talent may give an initial advantage, it is not the determining factor in long-term success. The brain’s adaptability allows anyone to develop creativity potential through continuous practice and learning. 43. In paragraph 1, the author’s main argument is introduced by _________. A. presenting the long-held belief B. providing examples of creative individuals C. contrasting two opposing views D. sharing personal experiences 44. The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A. to illustrate that failure can lead to success B. to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C. to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D. to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 45. According to the passage, how does a “growth mindset” help creativity? A. It helps people persist through difficulties and improve. B. It allows individuals to believe they are naturally gifted. C. It encourages people to make full use of every opportunity. D. It ensures that all efforts lead to immediate success. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. How natural talent determines creativity. B. The role of deep practice in creative success. C. The connection between failure and inspiration. D. The development of creativity as a skill. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. ____47____ In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. ____48____ This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. ____49____ Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. ____50____ He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A. But his writings offer a different perspective. B. Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C. This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D. His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E. His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这件丝绸睡衣摸起来无比柔软，值得回购。(feel) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校决定开设时长为30分钟的体育大课间。现向同学们征集课间活动方案。你对此有一些想法，便写信给学生会。信件内容包括： 1. 具体的活动安排； 2. 设计这些活动的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$