考前清单10.书面表达中的词汇及句法策略-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(北京专用)

考前清单10.书面表达中的词汇及句法策略 【策略概述】 一、词汇运用：精准与多样并重 书面表达中，词汇运用需兼顾准确性与丰富度。基础策略包括用高级词汇替代基础表达（如用 “astonishing” 替代 “surprising”），利用构词法拓展表达（如派生法生成 “eco-friendly”，合成法使用 “full-time”）。同时，需根据话题选择专业词汇：环保类用 “sustainable”“recycle”，科技类用 “artificial intelligence”。但避免盲目堆砌生僻词，应优先确保语境适配 —— 如描述人物性格时，“outgoing” 比 “sociable” 更贴近学生表达习惯。此外，近义词辨析（如 “job/work”）与反义词对比（“love/hate”）可增强逻辑层次，如 “While online learning offers convenience, its lack of face-to-face interaction remains a drawback.” 二、句法运用：结构与连贯并行 句法构建需注重多样性与逻辑性。简单句、复合句（含定语从句、状语从句）、并列句的合理搭配可避免句式单一，例如用 “Although he failed at first, he eventually succeeded through perseverance.” 替代多个短句罗列。连接词的精准使用是关键：“however” 表转折，“moreover” 表递进，“for instance” 表举例。倒装句（“Only in this way can we solve the problem.”）、强调句（“It was his effort that made the difference.”）等特殊句式可提升表达亮点，但需确保语法准确。此外，非谓语结构（“Feeling tired, he took a break.”）与独立主格（“Weather permitting, we will go hiking.”）的适当运用，能展现高阶语法能力。 三、策略协同：从词到句的整合应用 词汇与句法策略需协同服务于表意需求。写作时应遵循 “先准确后升级” 原则：先用基础词汇构建正确句子，再通过替换（如 “think”→“argue”）、拆分（“because”→“due to the fact that”）或合并（短句整合为复合句）优化表达。例如，将 “Students should study hard. They can get good grades.” 改写为 “Students who study hard are more likely to achieve excellent grades.”。日常训练中，可通过 “范文拆解---模仿改写---独立创作” 三步法，积累高频词汇搭配与句式模板（如议论文常用 “On the one hand…On the other hand…”），最终实现语言表达的流畅性与丰富性统一。 【词汇策略】 一、精准基础：夯实词汇使用的准确性 1. 固定搭配与惯用法 考生易因中文思维干扰出现搭配错误，如将 “参加会议” 误写为 “join the meeting”（正确为 “attend the meeting”）。需强化 “动词 + 介词”（如 “depend on”）、“形容词 + 介词”（如 “be responsible for”）等固定结构记忆。 【原句】We should pay attention on environmental protection. 【修改】We should pay attention to environmental protection. 2.易混词辨析 对近义 / 同形异义词需精准区分，如 “job”（可数，具体工作）与 “work”（不可数，抽象劳动）；“look”（动作）、“see”（结果）、“watch”（动态观察）。 【原句】I watched a bird in the tree. 【修改】I saw a bird in the tree.（强调视觉结果） 二、进阶提升：打造词汇表达的丰富性 1. 高级词汇替换 通过 “基础词→升级词” 转换提升表达层次，但需避免生僻词堆砌。 基础表达 升级表达 语境适配 good excellent/remarkable 描述书籍、计划等 important crucial/significant 强调关键因素 think argue/maintain 议论文观点陈述 2. 构词法深度应用 派生法：利用前缀（un-/in-/dis - 表否定）、后缀（-ment 表结果，-ist 表职业）创造新词。 【示例】happy → unhappy*；science → scien*tist 合成法：组合词生成复合名词（如 “greenhouse” 温室）、复合形容词（如 “hardworking” 勤奋的）。 【示例】world + wide → worldwide（全球的） 三、情境适配：强化词汇选择的针对性 1. 话题专属词汇 根据主题调用专业术语，如： 环保类：sustainable（可持续的）、carbon footprint（碳足迹） 科技类：artificial intelligence（人工智能）、digital transformation（数字化转型） 文化类：cultural heritage（文化遗产）、traditional customs（传统习俗） 【原句】We should protect old things. 【升级】We should preserve our cultural heritage. 2.文体匹配词汇 书信体用 “Looking forward to your reply.” 等礼貌表达；议论文用 “Furthermore”“In conclusion” 等逻辑连接词；记叙文用 “Suddenly”“Afterward” 等叙事衔接词。 四、实战避坑：高频错误与优化策略 错误类型 典型案例 优化方案 词性误用 He is a success businessman. 【修改】He is a successful businessman.（形容词修饰名词） 自创词汇 environmental protect 【修改】environmental protection（使用正确名词形式） 过度复杂 The prodigious edifice… 【修改】The huge building…（避免超出初中生能力范围） 【句法策略】 一、基础句法的精准奠基 1. 简单句结构的规范把控 简单句作为语篇基石，需严格遵循 “主---谓---宾（+ 宾补）” 核心架构。考生常因忽视主谓一致（如第三人称单数漏加 “s”）、时态统一（混用现在时与过去时）或宾语搭配错误（如 “make progress” 误作 “do progress”）导致失分。 【示例】He often go to school by bike.（主谓不一致） 【修正】He often goes to school by bike. 【改进】建立 “易错结构清单”，重点标注 “动词三单”“情态动词 + 动词原形” 等规则，通过 “单句改错训练” 强化敏感度。 2.时态与语态的一致性原则 全文时态需保持统一（如记叙文用一般过去时，议论文常用一般现在时），被动语态需正确匹配 “be 动词 + 过去分词” 形式。 【示例】The old bridge was build in 2000.（过去分词误用） 【修正】The old bridge was built in 2000. 【改进】写作前列出 “时态提纲”，如描述经历用 “过去时链”（began→met→succeeded），论述观点用 “现在时链”（argue→believe→suggest）。 二、句式多样性的进阶提升 1. 复合句的逻辑分层 （1）定语从句：通过 who/which/that 精准修饰名词，需避免关系词冗余（如 “The book that I bought it yesterday” 中 “it” 多余）。 【示例】The girl her father is a teacher is my classmate. 【修正】The girl whose father is a teacher is my classmate. （2）状语从句：灵活运用时间（when/while）、条件（if/unless）、让步（although）等引导词构建因果或对比关系。 【示例】 Although it rained heavily, we still completed the volunteer work.（让步关系） 2. 特殊句式的亮点赋能 （1）倒装句：Only + 状语置于句首时需部分倒装（如Only in this way can we solve the problem），增强论述力度。 （2）强调句：It is/was…that/who 结构聚焦关键信息（如It was his encouragement that helped me overcome difficulties）。 （3）非谓语结构：用分词（Feeling tired, she…）或不定式（To protect the environment, we…）简化表达，避免短句堆砌。 【改进】建立 “句式替换库”，如将并列句（He is tall. He is handsome.）升级为复合句（He is tall and handsome）或非限定性定语从句（He, who is tall and handsome, …）。 三、逻辑衔接的系统构建 1. 句间衔接的显性标记 通过连接词（however/therefore）、代词（it/they）、定冠词重复（the problem→the solution）实现语义连贯。 【示例】 Online learning offers flexibility. However, it lacks face-to-face interaction.（转折对比） The company expanded its business. It hired more employees.（代词指代） 2. 篇章结构的隐性逻辑 议论文采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 模式，用 Firstly, Moreover, In conclusion 分层；记叙文依时间轴（At first→Then→Finally）铺陈。 【示例】 总起：Three measures can solve the environmental problem. 分述：Firstly, recycle waste. Secondly, reduce pollution. Finally, plant more trees. 总结：In short, individual actions matter. 【改进】训练 “段落逻辑图”，用箭头标注句间关系（因果→、对比↔、递进↑），确保论述环环相扣。 四、高频句法错剖析 错误类型 典型案例 原因分析 改进方案 从句嵌套混乱 The book that I bought it which… 关系词冗余 + 结构杂糅 用 “拆分法” 逐步构建（先主句再从句） 连接词赘余 Because he was ill, so he… 中文 “因为… 所以” 思维迁移 牢记英语中因果连词二选一原则 句式单一重复 I got up. I ate breakfast. I left. 依赖简单句堆砌，缺乏整合意识 强制使用复合句（如After getting up…） 五、句法能力提升路径 （一）句式改写专项：从简单到复合的结构升级 句式改写训练旨在突破单一结构，通过合并、嵌套与替换提升句子复杂度。核心方法包括： 1.定语从句嵌入 将两个简单句中重复的名词转化为关系词（who/which/that）引导的定语从句。 【示例】 The girl likes music. She wears glasses. 改写：The girl who wears glasses likes music. 进阶：尝试非限定性定语从句（如My teacher, who is kind, helps me a lot.）。 2.状语从句衔接 用时间（when/while）、条件（if/unless）、让步（although）等连词串联句子。 【示例】 It rained heavily. We went to the park. 改写：Although it rained heavily, we went to the park. 3.非谓语简化 将次要动作转化为分词（主动用 - ing，被动用 - ed）或不定式（to do）。 【示例】 She was tired. She stopped working. 改写：Feeling tired, she stopped working. （二）逻辑词库积累：分类强化句间衔接 逻辑连接词是构建连贯语篇的 “隐形骨架”，需按功能系统整理： 逻辑类型 高频连接词 使用场景 例句 因果 therefore, thus, as a result 引出结论或结果 He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed. 对比 while, whereas, on the contrary 强调差异或对立 Some prefer online learning, while others like offline classes. 递进 besides, moreover, furthermore 补充额外信息 She is good at math; moreover, she excels in English. 转折 however, nevertheless, although 矛盾或意外情况 It was expensive; however, we decided to buy it. 举例 for instance, such as 具体例证 Many hobbies are beneficial, such as reading and painting. （三）范文句法拆解：模仿与创新的双重路径 分析高分作文的长难句结构，可总结规律并迁移至自身写作： 步骤一：解构典型句式 例句：Only by working together can we solve the environmental problem.（倒装句） 拆解：Only + 状语（by working together）置于句首→主谓部分倒装（can we solve）。 规律：Only + 状语 / 状语从句倒装时，助动词提前，动词用原形。 步骤二：分类仿写训练 （1）定语从句 范文：The festival, which has a long history, attracts many tourists. 仿写：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is full of interesting stories. （2）强调句 范文：It was his courage that helped him overcome the fear. 仿写：It was ______ that made our team successful. 步骤三：创新融合运用 （1）组合句式：将倒装句与定语从句结合→Only in cities where pollution is serious should we take immediate action. （2)升级表达：用 “not only…but also…” 替代简单并列，如He is not only smart but also hardworking. （建议用时：40分钟） 一、完成句子 1．老师指点我们怎样读书。 The teacher showed us . 2．她是位出色的作家，学学她的写作风格。 , try to copy her style. 3．这位教授教学生们如何做实验。 The professor told the students . 4．戴维在科学俱乐部中学会了如何制作声控小汽车。 David learned voice-activated cars in the Science Club. 5．去年，戴维对科学感兴趣并加入了科学俱乐部。 David science and joined the Science Club last year. 6．从2025年开始，中学生每天至少应该有两个小时的锻炼。 From 2025, middle school students should have 2 hours’ exercise every day. 7． you often buy things in ? 你经常在网上商店买东西吗？ 8．我妈妈对我很有耐心，并且仔细照顾我。 My mother and me. 9．正如谚语所说： “入乡随俗。” the saying , “When in Rome, the Romans do.” 10．来英国的最佳时间是从五月到九月，因为天气既不潮湿也不寒冷。 the UK is from May to September . 11．他们是如何保持联系的？通过电话交谈。 How did they ? on the phone. 12．当我关门时，我意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。 When I closed the door, I realized I the keys at home. 13．请你把这些东西涂成棕色可以吗？ Could you please ? 14．两种说法都正确，但是第一个听起来没那么礼貌。 correct, but the first one sounds . 15．我真后悔弄得这么一团糟以至于我得从头开始. I really regret I had to start all over again. 16．这部电影是基于真实故事改编的。 This film a real story. 17．只有通过共同努力，我们才能摆脱困境。 Only by working together get out of trouble. 18．等妈妈回来我才去上学。 I to school my mother came back. 19．我没有给自己买东西，因为那里没有我喜爱的东西。 I didn’t because there was nothing I liked there. 20．他们发现很难对这些单词拼写和发音。 They find spell and pronounce the words. 二、根据要写语段。 1.用至少 2 个定语从句、1 个状语从句写一段环保倡议，80 词左右。 2.用 1 个倒装句、1 个非谓语结构论述科技对生活的影响，70 词左右。 3.用 2 个并列句、1 个强调句描述难忘的校园活动，60 词左右。 4.用 1 个宾语从句、1 个定语从句和 2 个逻辑词介绍传统节日，80 词左右。 5.用 1 个让步状语从句、1 个分词作状语和 1 个结果状语从句描述一次挑战经历，90 词左右。 三、书面表达 1．时光荏苒，转眼大家已经步入九年级，回想过去两年的初中生活，你是否觉得自己改变了许多？请你根据以下提示，以“Some Changes in My Life”为题写一篇英语短文，谈一谈自从上初中后，你在哪些方面发生了变化。提示： (1)What did you use to be? (2)What are you like now? (3)How do you feel about these changes? 要求：(1)包括以上内容要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺； (2)80词左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Some Changes in My Life How time flies! It has been two years since I entered the middle school. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．运动能够促进骨骼生长，增强肌肉力量，提高身体的柔韧性和协调性，同时也是青少年释放压力的有效途径。为了让运动有益身体健康这个观念深入人心，校刊英语专栏正在以“Let’s Do Sports Together”为题开展征文活动，请你根据写作要求，结合自身实际，从以下两种运动方式中任选其一，用英语写一篇短文，陈述这项运动的好处，向专栏投稿。 Basketball Running ◇more interesting than other sports ◇we can run at any time ◇understand what teamwork is ◇think of some great ideas when running alone 写作要求： 1.文中须包含所选运动方式的要点提示，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现学生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Let’s Do Sports Together Hello, everyone.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假定你是李华，请阅读下面的邮件，用英语表示愿意帮忙并根据邮件的内容回复。可以适当发挥。 要求： 1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数； 2.语言通顺，条理清楚，书写规范； 3.文中不要出现任何真实人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。 Dear, Li Hua.     How’s it going? We’re having an activity about Chinese culture. And I am very interested in the Chinese idioms. So I would like to make a speech about it. I really need your help. If you can, please answer the following questions which can help me prepare for my speech: —How do you understand the Chinese saying “Practice makes perfect (熟能生巧)”? —Give me a story or an experience about it in your life (such as playing sports, doing housework, studying...). —How do you feel about it? Thanks very much, and write to me soon Eric Dear Eric, Thanks for your e-mail.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Li Hua 4．“是角色，有光芒。”小组合作中，你通常会担任什么角色？请从以下情境中任选一个，谈谈你喜欢承担的角色及理由，并描述你承担该角色的经历，写一篇约100词的英语短文，在学校英语公众号We Do, We Show板块分享。 注意：文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。 The role I like to play _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．15岁是一个充满美好和遐想的年龄，每位初中生都对自己的将来有着美好的期待，对未来职业满怀憧憬。请你以“My dream job”为题，根据以下内容写一篇不少于80字的文章。 Useful words and expressions: Words: patient, hard-working, helpful, positive, creative Expressions: work hard, make good use of time, try one’s best, be confident about, come true 要求： 1.文章必须包含以上几个要点； 2.文章中不得出现真实姓名、班级、校名； 3.语言丰富、语法正确、可读性强； ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考前清单10.书面表达中的词汇及句法策略 【策略概述】 一、词汇运用：精准与多样并重 书面表达中，词汇运用需兼顾准确性与丰富度。基础策略包括用高级词汇替代基础表达（如用 “astonishing” 替代 “surprising”），利用构词法拓展表达（如派生法生成 “eco-friendly”，合成法使用 “full-time”）。同时，需根据话题选择专业词汇：环保类用 “sustainable”“recycle”，科技类用 “artificial intelligence”。但避免盲目堆砌生僻词，应优先确保语境适配 —— 如描述人物性格时，“outgoing” 比 “sociable” 更贴近学生表达习惯。此外，近义词辨析（如 “job/work”）与反义词对比（“love/hate”）可增强逻辑层次，如 “While online learning offers convenience, its lack of face-to-face interaction remains a drawback.” 二、句法运用：结构与连贯并行 句法构建需注重多样性与逻辑性。简单句、复合句（含定语从句、状语从句）、并列句的合理搭配可避免句式单一，例如用 “Although he failed at first, he eventually succeeded through perseverance.” 替代多个短句罗列。连接词的精准使用是关键：“however” 表转折，“moreover” 表递进，“for instance” 表举例。倒装句（“Only in this way can we solve the problem.”）、强调句（“It was his effort that made the difference.”）等特殊句式可提升表达亮点，但需确保语法准确。此外，非谓语结构（“Feeling tired, he took a break.”）与独立主格（“Weather permitting, we will go hiking.”）的适当运用，能展现高阶语法能力。 三、策略协同：从词到句的整合应用 词汇与句法策略需协同服务于表意需求。写作时应遵循 “先准确后升级” 原则：先用基础词汇构建正确句子，再通过替换（如 “think”→“argue”）、拆分（“because”→“due to the fact that”）或合并（短句整合为复合句）优化表达。例如，将 “Students should study hard. They can get good grades.” 改写为 “Students who study hard are more likely to achieve excellent grades.”。日常训练中，可通过 “范文拆解---模仿改写---独立创作” 三步法，积累高频词汇搭配与句式模板（如议论文常用 “On the one hand…On the other hand…”），最终实现语言表达的流畅性与丰富性统一。 【词汇策略】 一、精准基础：夯实词汇使用的准确性 1. 固定搭配与惯用法 考生易因中文思维干扰出现搭配错误，如将 “参加会议” 误写为 “join the meeting”（正确为 “attend the meeting”）。需强化 “动词 + 介词”（如 “depend on”）、“形容词 + 介词”（如 “be responsible for”）等固定结构记忆。 【原句】We should pay attention on environmental protection. 【修改】We should pay attention to environmental protection. 2.易混词辨析 对近义 / 同形异义词需精准区分，如 “job”（可数，具体工作）与 “work”（不可数，抽象劳动）；“look”（动作）、“see”（结果）、“watch”（动态观察）。 【原句】I watched a bird in the tree. 【修改】I saw a bird in the tree.（强调视觉结果） 二、进阶提升：打造词汇表达的丰富性 1. 高级词汇替换 通过 “基础词→升级词” 转换提升表达层次，但需避免生僻词堆砌。 基础表达 升级表达 语境适配 good excellent/remarkable 描述书籍、计划等 important crucial/significant 强调关键因素 think argue/maintain 议论文观点陈述 2. 构词法深度应用 派生法：利用前缀（un-/in-/dis - 表否定）、后缀（-ment 表结果，-ist 表职业）创造新词。 【示例】happy → unhappy*；science → scien*tist 合成法：组合词生成复合名词（如 “greenhouse” 温室）、复合形容词（如 “hardworking” 勤奋的）。 【示例】world + wide → worldwide（全球的） 三、情境适配：强化词汇选择的针对性 1. 话题专属词汇 根据主题调用专业术语，如： 环保类：sustainable（可持续的）、carbon footprint（碳足迹） 科技类：artificial intelligence（人工智能）、digital transformation（数字化转型） 文化类：cultural heritage（文化遗产）、traditional customs（传统习俗） 【原句】We should protect old things. 【升级】We should preserve our cultural heritage. 2.文体匹配词汇 书信体用 “Looking forward to your reply.” 等礼貌表达；议论文用 “Furthermore”“In conclusion” 等逻辑连接词；记叙文用 “Suddenly”“Afterward” 等叙事衔接词。 四、实战避坑：高频错误与优化策略 错误类型 典型案例 优化方案 词性误用 He is a success businessman. 【修改】He is a successful businessman.（形容词修饰名词） 自创词汇 environmental protect 【修改】environmental protection（使用正确名词形式） 过度复杂 The prodigious edifice… 【修改】The huge building…（避免超出初中生能力范围） 【句法策略】 一、基础句法的精准奠基 1. 简单句结构的规范把控 简单句作为语篇基石，需严格遵循 “主---谓---宾（+ 宾补）” 核心架构。考生常因忽视主谓一致（如第三人称单数漏加 “s”）、时态统一（混用现在时与过去时）或宾语搭配错误（如 “make progress” 误作 “do progress”）导致失分。 【示例】He often go to school by bike.（主谓不一致） 【修正】He often goes to school by bike. 【改进】建立 “易错结构清单”，重点标注 “动词三单”“情态动词 + 动词原形” 等规则，通过 “单句改错训练” 强化敏感度。 2.时态与语态的一致性原则 全文时态需保持统一（如记叙文用一般过去时，议论文常用一般现在时），被动语态需正确匹配 “be 动词 + 过去分词” 形式。 【示例】The old bridge was build in 2000.（过去分词误用） 【修正】The old bridge was built in 2000. 【改进】写作前列出 “时态提纲”，如描述经历用 “过去时链”（began→met→succeeded），论述观点用 “现在时链”（argue→believe→suggest）。 二、句式多样性的进阶提升 1. 复合句的逻辑分层 （1）定语从句：通过 who/which/that 精准修饰名词，需避免关系词冗余（如 “The book that I bought it yesterday” 中 “it” 多余）。 【示例】The girl her father is a teacher is my classmate. 【修正】The girl whose father is a teacher is my classmate. （2）状语从句：灵活运用时间（when/while）、条件（if/unless）、让步（although）等引导词构建因果或对比关系。 【示例】 Although it rained heavily, we still completed the volunteer work.（让步关系） 2. 特殊句式的亮点赋能 （1）倒装句：Only + 状语置于句首时需部分倒装（如Only in this way can we solve the problem），增强论述力度。 （2）强调句：It is/was…that/who 结构聚焦关键信息（如It was his encouragement that helped me overcome difficulties）。 （3）非谓语结构：用分词（Feeling tired, she…）或不定式（To protect the environment, we…）简化表达，避免短句堆砌。 【改进】建立 “句式替换库”，如将并列句（He is tall. He is handsome.）升级为复合句（He is tall and handsome）或非限定性定语从句（He, who is tall and handsome, …）。 三、逻辑衔接的系统构建 1. 句间衔接的显性标记 通过连接词（however/therefore）、代词（it/they）、定冠词重复（the problem→the solution）实现语义连贯。 【示例】 Online learning offers flexibility. However, it lacks face-to-face interaction.（转折对比） The company expanded its business. It hired more employees.（代词指代） 2. 篇章结构的隐性逻辑 议论文采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 模式，用 Firstly, Moreover, In conclusion 分层；记叙文依时间轴（At first→Then→Finally）铺陈。 【示例】 总起：Three measures can solve the environmental problem. 分述：Firstly, recycle waste. Secondly, reduce pollution. Finally, plant more trees. 总结：In short, individual actions matter. 【改进】训练 “段落逻辑图”，用箭头标注句间关系（因果→、对比↔、递进↑），确保论述环环相扣。 四、高频句法错剖析 错误类型 典型案例 原因分析 改进方案 从句嵌套混乱 The book that I bought it which… 关系词冗余 + 结构杂糅 用 “拆分法” 逐步构建（先主句再从句） 连接词赘余 Because he was ill, so he… 中文 “因为… 所以” 思维迁移 牢记英语中因果连词二选一原则 句式单一重复 I got up. I ate breakfast. I left. 依赖简单句堆砌，缺乏整合意识 强制使用复合句（如After getting up…） 五、句法能力提升路径 （一）句式改写专项：从简单到复合的结构升级 句式改写训练旨在突破单一结构，通过合并、嵌套与替换提升句子复杂度。核心方法包括： 1.定语从句嵌入 将两个简单句中重复的名词转化为关系词（who/which/that）引导的定语从句。 【示例】 The girl likes music. She wears glasses. 改写：The girl who wears glasses likes music. 进阶：尝试非限定性定语从句（如My teacher, who is kind, helps me a lot.）。 2.状语从句衔接 用时间（when/while）、条件（if/unless）、让步（although）等连词串联句子。 【示例】 It rained heavily. We went to the park. 改写：Although it rained heavily, we went to the park. 3.非谓语简化 将次要动作转化为分词（主动用 - ing，被动用 - ed）或不定式（to do）。 【示例】 She was tired. She stopped working. 改写：Feeling tired, she stopped working. （二）逻辑词库积累：分类强化句间衔接 逻辑连接词是构建连贯语篇的 “隐形骨架”，需按功能系统整理： 逻辑类型 高频连接词 使用场景 例句 因果 therefore, thus, as a result 引出结论或结果 He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed. 对比 while, whereas, on the contrary 强调差异或对立 Some prefer online learning, while others like offline classes. 递进 besides, moreover, furthermore 补充额外信息 She is good at math; moreover, she excels in English. 转折 however, nevertheless, although 矛盾或意外情况 It was expensive; however, we decided to buy it. 举例 for instance, such as 具体例证 Many hobbies are beneficial, such as reading and painting. （三）范文句法拆解：模仿与创新的双重路径 分析高分作文的长难句结构，可总结规律并迁移至自身写作： 步骤一：解构典型句式 例句：Only by working together can we solve the environmental problem.（倒装句） 拆解：Only + 状语（by working together）置于句首→主谓部分倒装（can we solve）。 规律：Only + 状语 / 状语从句倒装时，助动词提前，动词用原形。 步骤二：分类仿写训练 （1）定语从句 范文：The festival, which has a long history, attracts many tourists. 仿写：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is full of interesting stories. （2）强调句 范文：It was his courage that helped him overcome the fear. 仿写：It was ______ that made our team successful. 步骤三：创新融合运用 （1）组合句式：将倒装句与定语从句结合→Only in cities where pollution is serious should we take immediate action. （2)升级表达：用 “not only…but also…” 替代简单并列，如He is not only smart but also hardworking. （建议用时：40分钟） 一、完成句子 1．老师指点我们怎样读书。 The teacher showed us . 2．她是位出色的作家，学学她的写作风格。 , try to copy her style. 3．这位教授教学生们如何做实验。 The professor told the students . 4．戴维在科学俱乐部中学会了如何制作声控小汽车。 David learned voice-activated cars in the Science Club. 5．去年，戴维对科学感兴趣并加入了科学俱乐部。 David science and joined the Science Club last year. 6．从2025年开始，中学生每天至少应该有两个小时的锻炼。 From 2025, middle school students should have 2 hours’ exercise every day. 7． you often buy things in ? 你经常在网上商店买东西吗？ 8．我妈妈对我很有耐心，并且仔细照顾我。 My mother and me. 9．正如谚语所说： “入乡随俗。” the saying , “When in Rome, the Romans do.” 10．来英国的最佳时间是从五月到九月，因为天气既不潮湿也不寒冷。 the UK is from May to September . 11．他们是如何保持联系的？通过电话交谈。 How did they ? on the phone. 12．当我关门时，我意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。 When I closed the door, I realized I the keys at home. 13．请你把这些东西涂成棕色可以吗？ Could you please ? 14．两种说法都正确，但是第一个听起来没那么礼貌。 correct, but the first one sounds . 15．我真后悔弄得这么一团糟以至于我得从头开始. I really regret I had to start all over again. 16．这部电影是基于真实故事改编的。 This film a real story. 17．只有通过共同努力，我们才能摆脱困境。 Only by working together get out of trouble. 18．等妈妈回来我才去上学。 I to school my mother came back. 19．我没有给自己买东西，因为那里没有我喜爱的东西。 I didn’t because there was nothing I liked there. 20．他们发现很难对这些单词拼写和发音。 They find spell and pronounce the words. 参考答案： 1．how to read a book/how to read books 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，设空处缺少英文表达“怎样读书”，此处可用“疑问词+不定式”结构，how to do sth.意为“怎样做某事”，读书可用动词短语read a book或read books表示。故填how to read a book/how to read books。 2．She is a good writer 【解析】she“她”；is“是”；a good writer“一位出色的作家”。故填She is a good writer。 3．how to do the experiment 【解析】根据题干可知，空处缺少“如何做实验”，应用疑问词+动词不定式结构，用how表示“如何”；用动词不定式to do表示“做”；用定冠词the修饰名词experiment表示“实验”。故填how to do the experiment。 4． how to make 【解析】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“如何制作”。根据“learned”可知，考查特殊疑问词+to do，how“如何”，make“制作”。故填how；to；make。 5． had/showed interest in 【解析】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“对……感兴趣”。show/have interest in“对……感兴趣”；由于时间状语是“last year”，需用一般过去时。故填had/showed；interest；in。 6． at least 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，“至少”用固定短语“at least”，后接数字表示最低要求。故填at；least。 7． Do an online shop/store 【解析】这是一个一般现在时的一般疑问句，主语是“you”，谓语动词是“buy”，变一般疑问句需要借助助动词“do”，且位于句首首字母大写，所以第一空填Do。“网上商店”常见表达是 “online shop/store”，这里表示泛指，“online”以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“an”。故填Do；an；online；shop/store。 8． is patient with takes good care of 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“对……有耐心”及“仔细照顾”。“对……有耐心”be patient with sb.，“仔细照顾”take good care of，因描述的是一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为Mother，是单三人称，be动词需要is；take用三单形式takes。故填is；patient；with；takes；good；care；of。 9． As goes do as 【解析】中英文对照可知，“正如谚语所说”的英文表达“as the saying goes”，故第一个空填as；第二个空填goes；“入乡随俗”的英文表达“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”，故第三个空填do as。故填As；goes；do as。 10． The best time to visit because the weather is not wet or cold/because the weather isn’t wet or cold 【解析】描述事实用一般现在时。对照中英文可知，缺少“来……的最佳时间”和“因为天气既不潮湿也不寒冷”。“做某事的最佳时间”用the best time to do sth，位于句首首字母大写；“来……”即“参观”用visit，动词；“来……的最佳时间”用the best time to visit；“因为”用because，引导原因状语从句；“天气”用the weather，作主语；“潮湿”用wet，形容词作表语；“寒冷”用cold，形容词作表语；“是”用is，构成主系表结构；“既不潮湿也不寒冷”用is not wet or cold或isn’t wet or cold。“因为天气既不潮湿也不寒冷”用because the weather is not wet or cold或because the weather isn’t wet or cold。故填The best time to visit；because the weather is not wet or cold/because the weather isn’t wet or cold。 11． keep in touch By talking 【解析】根据英汉句子可知，空格处缺少“保持联系”、“通过”和“交谈”的英文。本句中，“keep in touch”表示“保持联系”，固定搭配，此处是特殊疑问句，助动词后要跟动词原形；“By”表示“通过”，介词，后跟动名词表示方式，且位于句首，首字母需要大写；“talking”表示“交谈”，位于介词后，因此使用了动名词形式。故填keep；in；touch；By；talking。 12． had left 【解析】“把……落在”leave，根据“realized”可知此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，其结构为had done。故填had；left。 13． colour these things brown 【解析】把某物涂成某个颜色“colour+物品+颜色”；这些东西“these things”；棕色“brown”。please后跟动词原形。故填colour；these；things；brown。 14． Both are less polite 【解析】根据汉英对照，“两者都”对应的英文是both，be动词是are，所以第一个空格填Both，第二个空格填are。句中的sound“听起来”，是一个系动词，其后通常加形容词作表语，“礼貌的”对应的英文为polite，形容词，题目中需要填写两个空，表达“没那么礼貌”的含义，所以我们要用比较级less来修饰polite，对polite进行降级，所以第三个空格填less，第四个空格填polite。故填Both；are；less；polite。 15． making such a mess that 【解析】根据汉语提示可知，本题考查的是动词短语make a mess“弄得一团糟”和句型such...that...“如此……以致于……”，即make such a mess that...“弄得这么一团糟以至于……”，后接结果状语从句；regret doing sth“后悔做某事”。故填making；such；a；mess；that。 16． is based on 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“基于……改编的”；分析题干可知，此处考查be based on“以……为基础”，动词短语；句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时；主语“This film”为第三人称单数，谓语be动词用is。故填is；based；on。 17． can we 【解析】当“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把原句中的情态动词、be动词或助动词提到主语前面。we“我们”，can“能”。故填can；we。 18． didn’t go until 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子应使用短语not...until...“直到……才……”；go to school意为“去上学”；根据came可知，时态是一般过去时，且主句的谓语动词是实义动词go，所以应用did not即didn’t表示否定，助动词did后接动词原形，所以go用原形即可。故填didn’t；go；until。 19． buy anything for myself 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“给自己买东西”；分析题干可知，此处考查buy something for sb.“为某人买某物”，固定搭配，根据空前助动词didn’t可知，此处动词用原形；句子为否定句，something应改为anything；myself“我自己”，反身代词，作介词宾语。故填buy；anything；for；myself。 20． it hard/difficult to 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“很难”；分析句子结构可知，句子考查“find it adj. to do sth.”句型，意为“发现做某事怎么样”，其中it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语；hard/difficult“困难的”，形容词，作宾语补足语。故填it；hard/difficult；to。 二、根据要写语段。 1.用至少 2 个定语从句、1 个状语从句写一段环保倡议，80 词左右。 【参考范文】 As we all know, the environment, which is facing serious pollution, needs our immediate action. Those who litter or waste resources should change their habits. If we plant more trees and recycle waste properly, we can create a cleaner world. Let’s work together, because protecting nature is protecting ourselves. 2.用 1 个倒装句、1 个非谓语结构论述科技对生活的影响，70 词左右。 【参考范文】 Rarely have we seen such rapid technological progress. Smartphones, connecting people worldwide, have transformed communication. Not only do they help us access information instantly, but they also enable remote work. Only by embracing these tools wisely can we enjoy their benefits. 3.用 2 个并列句、1 个强调句描述难忘的校园活动，60 词左右。 【参考范文】 Last month’s sports day was exciting: we ran races and cheered for classmates. It was teamwork that made our class win first place. The closing ceremony was wonderful, and we took many photos to remember the day. 4.用 1 个宾语从句、1 个定语从句和 2 个逻辑词介绍传统节日，80 词左右。 【参考范文】 I believe that Spring Festival, which is China’s most important holiday, brings families together. People clean their houses before the festival so that they can start the new year fresh. Moreover, children receive red envelopes because adults hope to give them good luck. These traditions, which have lasted for centuries, should be passed on. 5.用 1 个让步状语从句、1 个分词作状语和 1 个结果状语从句描述一次挑战经历，90 词左右。 【参考范文】 Although I was nervous, I joined the speech contest, hoping to overcome my fear. Standing on stage, I felt my heart pounding, but my voice remained steady. I practiced every day so that my performance improved gradually. In the end, I won third place, making my parents proud. 三、书面表达 1．时光荏苒，转眼大家已经步入九年级，回想过去两年的初中生活，你是否觉得自己改变了许多？请你根据以下提示，以“Some Changes in My Life”为题写一篇英语短文，谈一谈自从上初中后，你在哪些方面发生了变化。提示： (1)What did you use to be? (2)What are you like now? (3)How do you feel about these changes? 要求：(1)包括以上内容要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺； (2)80词左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Some Changes in My Life How time flies! It has been two years since I entered the middle school. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．运动能够促进骨骼生长，增强肌肉力量，提高身体的柔韧性和协调性，同时也是青少年释放压力的有效途径。为了让运动有益身体健康这个观念深入人心，校刊英语专栏正在以“Let’s Do Sports Together”为题开展征文活动，请你根据写作要求，结合自身实际，从以下两种运动方式中任选其一，用英语写一篇短文，陈述这项运动的好处，向专栏投稿。 Basketball Running ◇more interesting than other sports ◇we can run at any time ◇understand what teamwork is ◇think of some great ideas when running alone 写作要求： 1.文中须包含所选运动方式的要点提示，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现学生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Let’s Do Sports Together Hello, everyone.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假定你是李华，请阅读下面的邮件，用英语表示愿意帮忙并根据邮件的内容回复。可以适当发挥。 要求： 1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数； 2.语言通顺，条理清楚，书写规范； 3.文中不要出现任何真实人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。 Dear, Li Hua.     How’s it going? We’re having an activity about Chinese culture. And I am very interested in the Chinese idioms. So I would like to make a speech about it. I really need your help. If you can, please answer the following questions which can help me prepare for my speech: —How do you understand the Chinese saying “Practice makes perfect (熟能生巧)”? —Give me a story or an experience about it in your life (such as playing sports, doing housework, studying...). —How do you feel about it? Thanks very much, and write to me soon Eric Dear Eric, Thanks for your e-mail.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Li Hua 4．“是角色，有光芒。”小组合作中，你通常会担任什么角色？请从以下情境中任选一个，谈谈你喜欢承担的角色及理由，并描述你承担该角色的经历，写一篇约100词的英语短文，在学校英语公众号We Do, We Show板块分享。 注意：文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。 The role I like to play _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．15岁是一个充满美好和遐想的年龄，每位初中生都对自己的将来有着美好的期待，对未来职业满怀憧憬。请你以“My dream job”为题，根据以下内容写一篇不少于80字的文章。 Useful words and expressions: Words: patient, hard-working, helpful, positive, creative Expressions: work hard, make good use of time, try one’s best, be confident about, come true 要求： 1.文章必须包含以上几个要点； 2.文章中不得出现真实姓名、班级、校名； 3.语言丰富、语法正确、可读性强； ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．                                                                           Some Changes in My Life     How time flies! It has been two years since I went to the middle school. I found that there were two main changes in my life during the two years. On the one hand, I have become better at dealing with problems. It used to be difficult for me to make new friends. Then I found out the reasons. Now, I have a lot of friends. On the other hand, I have become much more confident. In the past, I was worried that I couldn’t do well in my lessons. However, with the help of my teachers and classmates, now I do well in all the subjects.     I like these changes. They can make my life better than before. [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ② 时态：时态主要为一般过去时； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示中”感受这一点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。表明时间飞快，发生了改变； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“过去、现在的变化、感受”几个方面重点介绍自己的变化； 第三步，书写结语。表达自己喜欢自己的变化。 [亮点词汇] ① on the one hand 一方面 ② on the other hand 另一方面 ③ with the help of 在……的帮助下 [高分句型] ① I found that there were two main changes in my life during the two years.（宾语从句） ② It used to be difficult for me to make new friends.（形式主语句型） 2． Let’s Do Sports Together Hello, everyone. I’d like to talk about running. Running is a simple and convenient sport that we can do at any time. It doesn’t require much equipment or a specific location. Running has many benefits. Firstly, it helps us stay fit and healthy. It strengthens our legs, improves our cardiovascular system, and boosts our immune system. Secondly, running is a great way to relieve stress. When we run, our body releases endorphins, which make us feel happier and more relaxed. Additionally, running alone allows us to think clearly and come up with great ideas. We can use this time to reflect on our day, plan for the future, or simply enjoy the peace and quietness. In conclusion, running is a wonderful sport that offers numerous physical and mental benefits. Let’s get out there and start running together! 【解析】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应根据提示要点进行书面表达，不要遗漏要点，可适当发挥。应能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，引出话题； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。具体介绍选择这项运动的原因以及它的优点等。 第三步，书写结语。表达自己的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①stay fit保持健康 ②relieve stress释放压力 ③come up with想出…… ④reflect on反思…… [高分句型] ①Running is a simple and convenient sport that we can do at any time. (定语从句) ②Secondly, running is a great way to relieve stress. (动词不定式作定语) 3． Dear Eric, Thanks for your e-mail. It’s great. I’d like to tell you something about the saying “Practice makes perfect”. “Practice makes perfect” is an old saying in China. It means whenever you face a new thing, such as a new task, skill or job, you might find it difficult to do it well. However, the more you practice, the easier this thing will become, and you will become a better person. So practice is a way and perfect is a goal. Three years ago, I wasn’t good at English. I didn’t know how to learn English, and I couldn’t get good grades. I often felt nervous. Later my English teacher told me that I should put what I learned into practice. With the teacher’s help and my effort, I found some good methods of learning English. I kept practicing what I have learned, and I wasn’t afraid of making mistakes. Gradually, I could understand words and grammar deeply. Now, I can memorize words and rules more quickly and use them freely. From that experience, I learned that practice is very important for everyone. If you want to be successful, you must keep practicing and never say never. Remember that practice makes perfect. Best wishes! Li Hua 【解析】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇说明文； ②时态：时态是“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当添加细节，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作目的。说明接下来就谚语具体说明； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“谚语含义、相关经历（通常是一般过去时）等”几个方面重点叙述； 第三步，书写结语。再次强调练习的重要性，再次点出谚语。 [亮点词汇] ①put what I learned into practice 将我学过的好好练习 ②some good methods of learning English 学英语的好办法 ③make mistakes 犯错 [高分句型] ① It means whenever you face a new thing, such as a new task, skill or job, you might find it difficult to do it well.（宾语从句；it形式宾语） ②the more you practice, the easier this thing will become（the+比较级，the+比较级“越……越……”） 4． The role I like to play I prefer to play the role of leader in group discussions. As the name suggests, leaders are people who can lead the process and direction of the discussion. Sometimes the leader should solve the problems between group members. As for me, I think being a leader can help me learn how to arrange things properly, which means a lot to me. Last week, we discussed the topic of how the internet affected our life. The teacher asked us to work in groups and make presentations the next day. As the group leader, I assigned different tasks to different members. We all completed our own tasks in an organized way and did the presentation successfully. What a wonderful experience! [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ② 时态：以“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”为主； ③ 提示：写作提示已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏题干中所给出的提示“喜欢承担的角色及理由，相关经历”，注意正确拼写单词，避免出现语法错误。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明自己喜欢承担的角色及理由； 第二步，阐述承担该角色时的经历； 第三步，表达个人感受。 [亮点词汇] ① prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 ② as for 至于 ③ ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ④ in an organized way 有组织地，有条理地 [高分句型] ① As for me, I think being a leader can help me learn how to arrange things properly, which means a lot to me.（动名词作主语，which引导非限制性定语从句） ② What a wonderful experience!（what引导感叹句） 5． My dream job I have a dream. I want to be a teacher at the middle school where I studied. I think teachers are the most important people in our life. They teach us knowledge. They help us with our study. They give us confidence. If I’m a teacher, I’ll be very kind and patient with my students and try my best to make my lessons interesting. To be a teacher, I’ll work hard from now on and get good grades in my study. I won’t give up my dream. I think it will come true soon. [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为话题作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”； ③提示：以“My dream job”为题写一篇短文，介绍自己长大后想从事什么职业，以及为什么想从事这个职业。注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点，注意标点符号及大小写等问题。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步：首先介绍自己的梦想职业是什么。 第二步：介绍自己长大后想从事这份职业的原因，以及这个职业需要具备的品质。 第三步：具体谈论自己该如何实现这个职业梦想。 [亮点词汇] ①want to be想成为 ②the most important people最重要的人 ③try one’s best to do sth.尽某人全力做某事 ④work hard努力工作     ⑤come true（愿望、梦想等）成真，实现 [高分句型] ①I want to be a teacher at the middle school where I studied.（where引导的定语从句） ②I think teachers are the most important people in our life.（省略that的宾语从句） ③If I’m a teacher, I’ll be very kind and patient with my students and try my best to make my lessons interesting.（if引导的条件状语从句） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$