专题02 阅读理解（说明文）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（新高考八省）

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 一、阅读理解 1 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 2 适中 环境保护,说明文 3 适中 天体和宇宙,科学技术 ,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造 ,说明文 5 适中 职业内容,说明文 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 适中 方法/策略,说明文 8 适中 发明与创造 ,说明文 9 适中 自然灾害与防范,科普知识 ,说明文 10 适中 说明文,气候变化及影响 11 适中 情绪,科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 社会关系,方法/策略 13 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能 14 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,航空航天 15 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,人工智能 16 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 17 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 18 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 （一） （2025届河南省信阳市固始县高级中学第一中学等校一模）Self-driving cars may sound like something from a futuristic sci-fi novel. However, with advanced trials expected from 2021, they are a lot closer to reality than you may think, and they could really help you. Connected and automated vehicles (also known as CAVs), are vehicles that could perform many of the functions of today’s human drivers in the future. Aware of the potential benefits of the technology from improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion (拥塞), to enabling greater travel independence — the U.K. government has been encouraging the technology. “However, we won’t get there unless those designing the technology engage properly with a wide range of transport users,” said lain Forbes, head of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. FLOURISH, one initiative that received government backing, has helped to advance the successful implementation of CAVs in the U.K. by developing services and capabilities which maxi-mise the benefits of driverless vehicles for users and transport authorities. The project was a collaboration between small and medium companies and large businesses across multiple industries, universities, local authorities and the not-for-profit sector, to investigate how these vehicles might benefit older adults and those with mobility-related conditions. Mervyn Kohler, an Age U.K. spokesman, believes FLOURISH’s approach will be key to the positive impact self-driving cars have on older adults. “The project’s connectivity findings will also help the users of the future to make real-time journey decisions, responding to live information,” Tracey Poole, FLOURISH’s project manager and transport planning specialist says: “Not only will these vehicles be more inclusive; they will also be safer, more efficient and more environmentally friendly.” Although safety is one of the big prizes associated with the introduction of self-driving cars, with the vast majority of collisions caused by human error, concerns about their safety are common. The government is keen to understand the public’s view on CAVs and continues to survey public attitudes. It is also taking big steps towards establishing how our laws and regulations might need to change to support the safe use of self-driving cars. 1．What is the advantage of self-driving cars? A．They guarantee road safety. B．They remove traffic jams. C．They provide more freedom of traveling. D．They get over the elder’s dependence on drivers. 2．What does the underlined word “prizes” in paragraph 7 refer to? A．Awards. B．Achievements. C．Realization. D．Characteristics. 3．What can we infer about self-driving cars? A．Collisions between self-driving cars can’t be avoided. B．Self-driving cars are more eco-friendly than today's cars. C．There is still a way to go before self-driving cars hit the road. D．People are not worried about the safety problems of self-driving cars. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．CAVs: a substitute for today’s human driver B．How do CAVs help people less able to travel? C．FLOURISH: a new project on self-driving cars D．Could self-driving cars soon be a reality? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车给人们带来的好处、各个领域在技术等方面的合作以及政府将发布相关法律规范无人驾驶汽车的使用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Aware of the potential benefits of the technology from improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion (拥塞), to enabling greater travel independence-the U. K. government has been encouraging the technology. (英国政府意识到这项技术的潜在好处，从改善道路安全、减少交通拥塞到提高出行独立性，一直在鼓励这项技术。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车可以改善道路安全。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第七段“Although safety is one of the big prizes associated with the introduction of self-driving cars, with the vast majority of collisions caused by human error, concerns about their safety are common. (尽管安全是自动驾驶汽车引入的大prizes，但绝大多数碰撞都是由人为失误引起的，人们对其安全性的担忧是普遍存在的。)”以及常识可知，安全是随着无人驾驶汽车的引入而到来的最大的成就，推测划线词汇表示“成就”，与achievements意义相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The government is keen to understand the public’s view on CAVs and continues to survey public attitudes. It is also taking big steps towards establishing how our laws and regulations might need to change to support the safe use of self-driving cars. (政府热衷于了解公众对CAV的看法，并继续调查公众的态度。它还采取了重大步骤，以确定我们的法律法规可能需要如何改变，以支持自动驾驶汽车的安全使用。)”可知，政府还需建立一套法律法规，以规范无人驾驶汽车的安全使用，即距离自动驾驶汽车上路还有一段路要走。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Self-driving cars may sound like something from a futuristic sci-fi novel. However, with advanced trials expected from 2021, they are a lot closer to reality than you may think, and they could really help you. (自动驾驶汽车听起来可能像是未来科幻小说中的东西。然而，预计从2021年开始进行高级试验，它们比你想象的更接近现实，它们确实可以帮助你。)”、最后一段“The government is keen to understand the public’s view on CAVs and continues to survey public attitudes. It is also taking big steps towards establishing how our laws and regulations might need to change to support the safe use of self-driving cars. (政府热衷于了解公众对CAV的看法，并继续调查公众的态度。它还采取了重大步骤，以确定我们的法律法规可能需要如何改变，以支持自动驾驶汽车的安全使用。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车给人们带来的好处、各个领域在技术等方面的合作以及政府将发布相关法律规范无人驾驶汽车的使用，所以“自动驾驶汽车会很快成为现实吗？”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （二） （2025届河南省名校联盟一模）Covering over 170,000 hectares, the bio-diverse Hasdeo Aranya forest bears the burden of being resource-rich. It sits on top of some 5.6 billion tons of coal, making it one of India’s largest reserves and the focus of intense interest from coal companies. But the forests, as well as the animals, birds and many small creatures in this area, are facing the risk of being destroyed. Shukla spent his childhood in his hometown surrounded by the natural beauty. Growing up, he found himself drawn to environmental activism. He met other activists, visited various parts and saw first-hand how polluted its rivers were and how quickly industries were springing up. Meanwhile, multiple movements and organizations were fighting similar battles, so Shukla managed to bring them together, creating one strong platform that could expand their struggles at the state level. One of Shukla’s biggest successes was to organize farmers to protest a limestone (石灰岩) mining project that endangered the lakes there. As a result of their extensive effort, the project was terminated. In 2011, a large company wanted to open up new mines in the forest and that was pressurizing local communities. But the people of the area lacked any legal know-how and were easily taken in by widespread misinformation. Shukla started educating the residents about their rights. He made the residents aware of the law, their rights, and then find the safeguards to protect themselves. However, there were both victories and setbacks during Shukla’s 12-year-long fight. For instance, the central government had proposed 21 coal blocks in 2020. The next year 1, 995 square kilometers of the forest was designated as a reserve, and 1, 700 square kilometers declared as a mining-free zone. But there are still a few areas where the threat exists. There is also the danger to his own safety. However, hope remains, thanks to a generation of young environmentalists emerging from these communities. “The dream is that not a single tree should be cut for mining against the wishes of the community. And if society places more stress on protecting the environment, governments will be forced to act,” Shukla concludes. 5．What has drawn people’s attention to the Hasdeo Aranya forest? A．Its rich biodiversity and unique wildlife. B．Its vast reserves of coal beneath the forest. C．Its cultural significance to local communities. D．Its potential for eco-tourism and sustainable development. 6．What does the underlined word “terminated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Acknowledged. B．Canceled. C．Assessed. D．Justified. 7．What does Shukla hope for in the future? A．Communities should prioritize economic development. B．More young people can engage in environmental protection. C．Environmental awareness can influence government actions. D．The government should strengthen their control over forest resources. 8．Which of the following words can be used to describe Shukla? A．Responsible and determined. B．Humble and ambitious. C．Open-minded and honest. D．Selfless and considerate. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了Shukla目睹家乡被污染和破坏后组织活动进行斗争的故事。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It sits on top of some 5.6 billion tons of coal, making it one of India’s largest reserves and the focus of intense interest from coal companies.(它的煤炭储量约为56亿吨，是印度最大的煤炭储量之一，也是煤炭公司强烈关注的焦点)”可知，Hasdeo Aranya森林下面蕴藏着大量的煤炭，吸引了人们的关注，故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“One of Shukla’s biggest successes was to organize farmers to protest a limestone (石灰岩) mining project that endangered the lakes there.(Shukla最大的成功之一是组织农民抗议一个危及那里湖泊的石灰石开采项目)”以及“As a result of their extensive effort(由于他们的广泛努力)”可知，此处是描述Shukla斗争成功的一个例子，指由于他们广泛的努力，这个项目被叫停，terminated意为“停止，结束”，故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The dream is that not a single tree should be cut for mining against the wishes of the community. And if society places more stress on protecting the environment, governments will be forced to act(我们的梦想是，在不违背社区意愿的情况下砍伐任何一棵树。如果社会更加重视保护环境，政府将被迫采取行动)”可知，Shukla希望社会更加重视保护环境，最终政府被迫采取行动，故他未来希望环境意识可以影响政府的行动，故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Meanwhile, multiple movements and organizations were fighting similar battles, so Shukla managed to bring them together, creating one strong platform that could expand their struggles at the state level.(与此同时，多个运动和组织也在进行类似的斗争，因此Shukla设法将他们聚集在一起，创建了一个强大的平台，可以在州一级扩大他们的斗争)”和第五段中“But there are still a few areas where the threat exists. There is also the danger to his own safety.(但仍有一些领域存在威胁。他自己的安全也有危险)”以及最后一段中“However, hope remains, thanks to a generation of young environmentalists emerging from these communities.(然而，由于这些社区涌现出了一代年轻的环保主义者，希望依然存在)”可知，Shukla聚集很多组织和环境污染项目作斗争，说明他有环保责任意识，虽然面临危险他仍对未来充满希望，说明他对环保意志坚定，故选A。 （三） （2025届河南省名校联盟高三一模）The sun likes to remind us that Earth is merely one part of a joint system. Despite our connection with the sun, there are still numerous scientific mysteries to uncover about this critical star, particularly its magnetic field (磁场). Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. The solar magnetic field is the primary driver of solar storms and flares. As society grows increasingly reliant on technology, this space weather generates threats to power networks, communication systems, and in-space technologies like GPS and satellites. “Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,” said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. “This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.” Scientists have been able to routinely measure the magnetic field on the sun’s surface. Large telescopes like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), which is the world’s largest solar telescope, can measure the three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields in depth. It recently demonstrated its ability to make detailed observations of the coronal magnetic field. However, DKIST can’t map the sun all at once. To try to get more overall mapping, the team turned to the Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (UCoMP). UCoMP can block out parts of the sun. It uses a dise called a coronagraph to enable scientists to measure the sun’s atmosphere. UCoMP has a much smaller aperture (光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. “We are entering a new age of solar physics research when we can routinely measure the coronal magnetic field,” said Yang. Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all-sided view of the coronal magnetic field. 9．What is the significance of the new observation of the sun’s coronal magnetic field? A．It reveals the source of the sun’s energy. B．It helps us fully understand the solar system. C．It enables us to predict solar storms accurately. D．It allows further insight into a certain solar region. 10．What does Zihao Yang think of the research? A．It’s well-received. B．It’s risk-free. C．It’s pioneering. D．It’s misleading. 11．What is the main advantage of UCoMP compared to DKIST? A．It provides a wider view of the sun. B．It has a larger aperture for higher-quality images. C．It can measure the sun’s magnetic field in greater depth. D．It can block out the sun’s light for better measurements. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of solar physics research. B．The comparison between DKIST and UCoMP. C．The sun’s magnetic field and its impact on Earth. D．The new progress in measuring the sun’s coronal magnetic field. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家首次对太阳日冕磁场进行近乎每日的测量，还说明了相关仪器及此次测量取得的新进展。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. (现在，科学家们首次对太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太阳区域提供了更动态的视角)”可知，对太阳日冕磁场的新观测能让我们进一步深入了解某个太阳区域。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,’ said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. ‘This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.’ (北京大学的博士后Zihao Yang说：“日冕磁场的全球测绘一直是太阳研究中一个很大的缺失部分。这项研究正在帮助我们填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，日冕磁场是可能影响地球的风暴能量的来源。”)”可知，Zihao Yang认为，这项研究填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，是具有开创性的研究。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“UCoMP has a much smaller aperture (光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. (与DKIST相比，UCoMP的光圈要小得多，但它可以提供更广阔的视野，这使得科学家们在大多数日子里都能研究整个太阳)”可知，与DKIST相比，UCoMP的主要优势是它能提供更广阔的太阳视野。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. (现在，科学家们首次对太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太阳区域提供了更动态的视角)”以及最后一段中“Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all sided view of the coronal magnetic field. (结合DKIST和UCoMP的测量结果，可以更全面地了解日冕磁场)”可知，本文主要介绍了在测量太阳日冕磁场方面取得的新进展。故选D项。 （四） （2025届河南省五市高三下学期一模）Kesa Bhai Prajapati wears a smile as he models blocks of clay into vases on a potter’s wheel. These days, Prajapati, 68, from the village of Modhera in western India, has doubled the amount of earthenware (陶制品) he makes compared to a few months ago, because he no longer has to tum the wheel manually as he could not then afford high electricity bill. That could be up to 1,500 Indian rupees ($ 18.19) a month. Now, however, his machine moves on solar power as earlier this month Prajapati’s village of around 6,500 residents, consisting mainly of potters, farmers and shoemakers, was declared India’s first village to run entirely on solar energy all the time. “Electricity has helped us to save time and produce more products,” Prajapati said. India is the world’s third-largest carbon dioxide emitter. It aims to meet half of its energy demands from renewable sources, such as solar and wind by 2030, which the government said in December 2023. The project in Modhera, financed by the federal and provincial government at nearly $10 million, involved setting up over 1,300 rooftop panels on residential and government buildings that were connected to a power plant. The government buys extra energy produced here from residents if they do not use all of the capacity given to the households. With this money, Praveen Bhai, 43, a tailor, plans to buy a gas connection and stove, since many houses in the village cook food in wood-fired stoves that leave smoky air. “I had to teach the kids under the street lamp. Now they will be able to study inside the house.” For Reena Ben, 36, a housewife, who also works as a tailor part time, the solar power has hugely aided her work. “When we got access to solar power, I bought an electric motor worth 2,000 rupees ($ 24) to attach to the sewing machine. Now I am able to sew one or two more clothes daily.” 13．Why does the author mention Kesa Bhai? A．To advertise for his earthen works. B．To present the hard life in Modhera. C．To introduce local people’s traditional art. D．To show changes brought by solar energy. 14．What is special about Modhera? A．The first to introduce green energy in India. B．The first to use clean energy in handwork in India. C．The first to depend totally on solar energy in India. D．The first to adopt sustainable development in India. 15．What can be known about the solar energy project in Modhera? A．Great profits have been made. B．Many other places will follow. C．Funds come from big companies. D．It may produce more energy than needed. 16．What is Reena Ben’s attitude to the solar energy promoted in Modhera? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了印度Modhera村因太阳能带来的积极变化。 13．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“These days, Prajapati, 68, from the village of Modhera in western India, has doubled the amount of earthenware (陶制品) he makes compared to a few months ago, because he no longer has to tum the wheel manually as he could not then afford high electricity bill. That could be up to 1,500 Indian rupees ($ 18.19) a month. (如今，这位来自印度西部Modhera村的68岁老人制作的陶器数量比几个月前翻了一番，因为他再也不用像过去那样因付不起高额电费而手动转动陶轮了。那时的电费每月可能高达1500印度卢比（18.19美元）。)”和第二段“Now, however, his machine moves on solar power as earlier this month Prajapati’s village of around 6,500 residents, consisting mainly of potters, farmers and shoemakers, was declared India’s first village to run entirely on solar energy all the time. “Electricity has helped us to save time and produce more products,” Prajapati said. (然而现在，他的机器靠太阳能驱动，因为本月早些时候，Prajapati所在的这个约有6500名居民的村庄——村民主要是陶工、农民和鞋匠——被宣布为印度首个全天候完全依靠太阳能供电的村庄。“电力帮助我们节省了时间，生产出了更多产品，”Prajapati说。)”可知，作者提到Kesa Bhai是为了展示太阳能带来的变化。故选D。 14．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Now, however, his machine moves on solar power as earlier this month Prajapati’s village of around 6,500 residents, consisting mainly of potters, farmers and shoemakers, was declared India’s first village to run entirely on solar energy all the time. (然而现在，他的机器靠太阳能驱动，因为本月早些时候，Prajapati所在的这个约有6500名居民的村庄——村民主要是陶工、农民和鞋匠——被宣布为印度首个全天候完全依靠太阳能供电的村庄。)”可知，Modhera的特别之处在于它是印度第一个完全依赖太阳能的村庄。故选C。 15．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The government buys extra energy produced here from residents if they do not use all of the capacity given to the households. (如果居民没有用完分配给家庭的全部电力容量，政府会从他们手中购买多余的电力。)”可知，Modhera的太阳能项目可能会产生比所需更多的能源。故选D。 16．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“For Reena Ben, 36, a housewife, who also works as a tailor part time, the solar power has hugely aided her work. “When we got access to solar power, I bought an electric motor worth 2,000 rupees ($ 24) to attach to the sewing machine. Now I am able to sew one or two more clothes daily.” (对于36岁的家庭主妇Reena Ben来说，她同时也兼职做裁缝，太阳能对她的工作帮助极大。“用上太阳能后，我花2000卢比（24美元）买了一台电动机，安装在缝纫机上。现在我每天能多缝制一两件衣服。”)”可知，Reena Ben认为太阳能对她的工作有很大帮助，由此可推断出她对在Modhera推广的太阳能持支持态度。故选B。 （五） （2025届山西省太原市一模）During the Spring Festival, Ne Zha 2 has become a phenomenon-level animated film, with cinema attendance rate reaching over 90%. When Ne Zha and Ao Bing had a fierce battle with Infinite Immortal, the vivid sound effects made me feel as if I were right there on the scene. Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created? Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists. The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly. Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films. Their working scenes seem simple but are filled with all kinds of tools and equipment. Ordinary objects are often transformed into precise sound effects: Shaking an umbrella can simulate (模拟) the howling of a violent storm; hitting two halves of a coconut together sounds like a horse clip-clopping along. Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with actors is crucial to capturing the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene… You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,” Jack Foley once stressed. In general, attention to detail is fundamental to successful Foley artists. They also need to have the ability to recreate sounds themselves, which requires creativity and imagination. Getting the perfect sound requires trial and error, which is why patience and persistence are equally important. In order to simulate the sound of a character running in the mud, Foley artists have to try countless materials, constantly adjusting the force and rhythm of stepping. As I was digging deep, titles like “Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active Worldwide” indeed struck me hard. I stumbled upon the sad truth that while Foley work is an incredible addition to movies, the small number of working artists today may put it on the path to becoming a dying art. However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops. Next time you’re watching a movie, remember those subtle sounds. They are like secret messages from Foley artists, reminding us they’re always there. 17．What contribution did Jack Foley make to the film industry? A．He improved background music. B．He invented recording equipment. C．He pioneered sound effect creation. D．He advanced live recording methods. 18．What did Jack Foley value most? A．Being at one with actors. B．Practising trial and error. C．Being sensitive to details. D．Stimulating active imagination. 19．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Foley work may be redefined in the future. B．Modern audiences are well aware of Foley work. C．Foley artists may soon be replaced by virtual reality. D．Foley work is no longer a must as technology develops. 20．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To persuade readers to engage in Foley work. B．To introduce Foley work and its significance. C．To explore the reasons for Ne Zha 2’s success. D．To discuss the challenges Foley work will face. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拟音师(Foley artists)的工作及其在电影制作中的重要性，同时探讨了这一行业的现状与未来。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly.(Foley这个词是为了纪念Jack Foley和他对音效艺术的贡献而创造的。当音效第一次被添加到电影中时，他创新了一种独特的创造音效的方法，将声音录制到单个音频轨道上，并将其添加到屏幕上发生的动作中)”可知，Jack Foley对电影业的贡献是他开创了音效制作的方法。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘You have to act the scene… You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,’ Jack Foley once stressed.(“你必须演绎这个场景……你必须成为演员，像演员在片场那样融入故事的精神。这会有很大的不同，”Jack Foley曾强调)”可知，Jack Foley最看重的是与演员融为一体。故选A项。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops.(然而，让我欣慰的是，随着虚拟现实的发展，拟音工作可能会发生变化)”可知，未来拟音工作可能会被重新定义。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段“The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly.(Foley这个词是为了纪念Jack Foley和他对音效艺术的贡献而创造的。当音效首次被加入电影时，他创新了一种独特的音效制作方式，将声音录制到单声道音频上，并相应地添加到屏幕上正在发生的动作中)”，第三段“Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films.(拟音师就像声音的魔术师，为电影增添活力)”和最后一段“As I was digging deep, titles like ‘Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active Worldwide’ indeed struck me hard... However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops.(在我深入了解的过程中，像‘全球活跃的拟音师不到100人’这样的标题确实让我深受触动……然而，让我欣慰的是，随着虚拟现实的发展，拟音工作可能会发生变化)”可知，文章围绕拟音工作展开，介绍了其起源、拟音师的作用、现状及未来可能的变化等，目的是介绍拟音工作及其意义。故选B项。 （六） （2025届山西省太原市一模）If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes. “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh.” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development.” Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters, which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainment. If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply won’t reach their full potential. For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own. On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas. Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to capitalize on the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form. 21．What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1? A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise. B．Digital literacy is essential nowadays. C．Handwritten communication is out of date. D．Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools. 22．What does the underlined word “mesh” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Set up. B．Run fast. C．Mess up. D．Work together. 23．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Blind typing contributes to brain development. B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards. C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked. D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information. 24．What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了手写对大脑发育有益，解释了背后的原因以及作者对智能笔的态度。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.(如果你精通数字技术，你可能已经有一段时间没有花太多时间手写了。在我们这个以屏幕为主导的世界里，把我们的想法一个字母一个字母地写在纸上的费力过程正在成为过去，短信和拇指输入的购物清单已经取代了手写信件和便利贴。为了跟上潮流，许多学校早在学龄前就开始引进电脑，这意味着一些孩子可能会在手写之前学习打字的基础知识。虽然电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势，但放弃手写可能要付出巨大的代价)”可知，作者在第1段想表达放弃手写是不明智的。故选A。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters` shapes.(打字不注意字母的形式，只涉及相对简单和统一的动作。相比之下，书写是一项复杂的任务。运动系统必须精确地调整每个手指施加在笔上的压力，以重现每个字母。更复杂的是，当字母形成时，你的视觉系统必须不断地处理它，你的大脑实时调整手指来创造字母的形状)”可知，上文解释了书写的过程需要大脑调整手指进行，说明大脑和手是一起工作的。故划线词意思是“一起工作”。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’ re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own.On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas.(对于成年人来说，打字往往导致他们无法真正处理信息。在课堂上，他们可以一字不差地把听到的内容打出来。但通常，他们只是盲目地打字，没有把信息变成自己的。另一方面，手写笔记迫使他们只写关键词，并使用图画或箭头来表达想法)”可知，手写笔记有助于把想法联系起来。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to capitalize on the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form.(实际上，我们不必放弃数字工具，比如图形平板电脑和智能笔，来利用手写的力量。最近的研究表明，在屏幕上写字和在纸上写字激活的大脑通路是一样的。重要的是运动本身，而不是最终形式)”可知，作者对使用数字笔的态度是支持。故选C。 （七） （2025届山西省太原市一模）Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit!” Perseverance is indeed important, to a limit. However, never take it too far. For one thing, goals and dreams might be beyond reach. Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives. It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream. For another, every road taken means another road is not taken. An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities. What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever? Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue. Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help. First, do not tie a goal to your identity. Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest. Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It’s called “turning it into a hobby”. Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals, yet many enjoy collecting. Last and most important, do not think of giving up as a failure, but as a choice. Your time is limited. Try new activities, rediscover previous interests, and revise your ambitions. Be honest with yourself about your chances, and choose the goals that best suit you. And remember that, when you give up a goal, you do not fail. You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities. 25．What result may “selection bias” bring to people? A．Setting self-limit. B．Giving up more easily. C．Misjudging the situation. D．Ignoring successful stories. 26．How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”? A．By motivating their desire for success. B．By gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. C．By telling easy goals from difficult goals. D．By saving energy to focus on practical goals. 27．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Accepting failure with ease does make sense. B．One can make a hobby out of an unattainable goal. C．Turn to professionals when realizing personal goals. D．Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it. 28．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Identity Crisis: Be True to Yourself. B．Goals or Hobbies: Make Your Choice. C．Never Say Never: The Key to Success. D．Winners Do Quit: Be Wise About Your Goals. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives.(通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能令人振奋，但它们受到“选择偏见”的影响。简而言之，它们不能提供信息，因为没有人讲述许多人在浪费了生命的大部分时间后坚持不懈但失败了的故事)”可知，“选择偏差”会给人们带来判断错误。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help.(最近的研究表明，能够放弃一些目标和梦想，把你的精力转向更合理的目标，对心理健康很重要，从长远来看，这能带来更高的生活质量。心理学术语是“目标脱离”。如果你目前在一个无法实现的目标上投入了太多的时间和精力，这里有一些提示可能会有所帮助)”可知，人们通过节省精力专注于实际的目标从“目标脱离”中获益。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It’s called “turning it into a hobby”.(此外，从目标中解脱出来，但要保持一些努力。这叫做“把它变成一种爱好”。)”可知，一个人可以把不可能实现的目标变成爱好。故选B。 28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit!”(许多人鼓励竞争，专注于成功。“放弃”是不被允许的。我们为那些坚持不懈并取得成功的人的故事而欣喜若狂。朋友和同事总是鼓励你继续尝试。“如果一开始你没有成功，那就努力，再努力。“追随你的梦想！”成功者永不放弃！”)”以及文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。可知，D选项“成功者会放弃：明智地设定你的目标”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （八） （2025届山西省高三下学期一模）Incredible new eco-friendly sensors, inspired by spider silk and 50 times smaller than a human hair, could be used in fields ranging from healthcare monitoring to virtual reality. Developed by University of Cambridge researchers, these sensors can be printed on biological surfaces, from a human finger to a delicate flower leaf. They are so lightweight that they can even be printed directly onto the soft seed head of a dandelion (蒲公英) without collapsing its structure. When printed on human skin, the fibre (纤维) sensors fit the skin, exposing sweat tiny holes, making them undetectable to the wearer. Tests on human fingers suggest these sensors could serve as continuous health monitors, providing a less noticeable alternative to large wearables like smartwatches. “The connection between the device and the surface is vital for accurate sensing, ” said Prof. Yan Yan Shery Huang, who led the research. She also stressed that bioelectronics should be unnoticeable to users and environmentally sustainable. These sensors can change how we interact with the world, whether for healthcare or enhancing virtual reality experiences. Most existing wearable sensor technologies have limitations, such as blocking air and liquids or relying on energy-and waste-intensive production techniques. Flexible electronics, for example, are often printed on plastic films that restrict gas and liquid passage. The Cambridge team’s approach solves this by using PEDOT: PSS, a suitable conducting material mixed with hyaluronic (透明质) acid and polyethylene oxide (聚乙烯氧化物). The bioelectronic fibres are created at room temperature from a water-based solution, enabling precise control over their properties. These fibres can adapt to various shapes, from micro to macro size, without requiring image recognition. Their production is less energy-intensive, and they generate less waste compared to traditional sensors. The fibres are also repairable and can be washed away when no longer needed. Looking forward, the team plans to incorporate additional functional materials into this fibre printing method, potentially allowing for integrated fibre sensors with display, computation, and energy conversion capabilities. 29．Which is a possible application of the sensors discussed in the text? A．Enhancing healthcare through continuous monitoring. B．Improving virtual reality experiences via smartwatches. C．Providing a less efficient alternative to spider silk. D．Making large and heavy sensors for industrial use. 30．What can be one of the challenges for the sensors described? A．Making them visible to users for easy monitoring. B．Increasing their production speed at high temperatures. C．Ensuring they are both functional and unnoticeable to users. D．Balancing cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. 31．How are the bioelectronic fibres created? A．By reacting with metals to form flexible fibers. B．By printing flexible materials onto plastic films. C．By heating liquid mixtures in a certain container. D．By using a chemical solution at a controlled temperature. 32．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To explore the challenges and limitations of existing wearable sensors. B．To describe the environmental impact of traditional sensor production. C．To explain the environmental advantages of the bioelectronic sensors. D．To introduce new eco-friendly sensors and their potential applications. 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学研究人员开发的一种受蜘蛛丝启发的新型环保传感器，详细描述了这种传感器的特点、应用场景、优势以及未来的发展前景。 29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Incredible new eco-friendly sensors, inspired by spider silk and 50 times smaller than a human hair, could be used in fields ranging from healthcare monitoring to virtual reality.(受蜘蛛丝启发而研发的新型环保传感器令人惊叹，其大小比人类的头发丝还要细50倍，可应用于从医疗健康监测到虚拟现实等诸多领域。)”以及第二段“Tests on human fingers suggest these sensors could serve as continuous health monitors, providing a less noticeable alternative to large wearables like smartwatches.(在人类手指上进行的测试表明，这些传感器可以充当持续的健康监测设备，相较于智能手表等大型可穿戴设备而言，它们更加不引人注目。)”可知，这表明这种传感器可以通过持续监测来加强医疗保健。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She also stressed that bioelectronics should be unnoticeable to users and environmentally sustainable. These sensors can change how we interact with the world, whether for healthcare or enhancing virtual reality experiences.(她还强调，生物电子设备应该让用户察觉不到其存在，并且对环境可持续。无论是用于医疗保健还是增强虚拟现实体验，这些传感器都能够改变我们与世界的互动方式。)”可知，这种传感器需要在不被用户察觉的情况下发挥作用，这意味着要在保证功能性的同时，做到不被用户注意到，这是一个挑战。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The bioelectronic fibres are created at room temperature from a water-based solution, enabling precise control over their properties.(这些生物电子纤维在室温下由水性溶液制成，能够对其特性进行精确控制。)”可知，生物电子纤维是在室温下由水性溶液制成的，即通过在可控温度下使用化学溶液来制造。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇介绍了受蜘蛛丝启发的新型环保传感器，包括其尺寸、特点，如比头发丝细50倍、可打印在生物表面、重量轻等；接着阐述了这种传感器在医疗健康监测、虚拟现实等领域的潜在应用；还提到了现有可穿戴传感器技术的局限性以及新型传感器的制作方法和优势等。整体是在介绍新型环保传感器及其潜在应用。故选D。 （九） （2025届陕西省西安市新城区西安中学一模）As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast-moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. After a wildfire, emergency managers need rapid answers to the questions: Where are debris flows likely? How much rain will it take to cause a debris flow? And how big will that debris flow be? Researchers are conducting applied research and emergency hazard assessments to answer these questions. Evaluated burn areas they’ve assessed included the nearly 2021 Dixie fire, the 2020 Labor Day wildfires, and many of the 2021 wildfires in Washington. The models used for hazard assessment have been developed and tested in drier places. But the models have not been tested widely in wetter places. Are the models accurate for wetter regions? Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter places to answer the question. Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. The observed flow response is compared to the predicted possibility. If the model predicted a high possibility of debris flow and there was a debris flow, the model got it right. Recent data bespeaks both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. For example, in the 2021 Dixie fire, major debris flows were caused by short bursts of intense rainfall like they are in drier places. In contrast, debris flows in the 2017 Eagle Creek Fire were caused by long time rainfall. Continued observation and testing is expected to lead to an improved set of hazard assessment models. Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. 33．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Contents included in a project. B．Hazards caused by debris flows. C．Causes of post-fire debris flows. D．Reasons for conducting the studies. 34．What places are current studies focusing on? A．Places seldom noticed. B．Places with debris flow records. C．Places with higher humidity. D．Places once affected by wildfires. 35．What does the underlined word “bespeaks” mean in paragraph 4? A．Replaces. B．Reveals. C．Recognizes. D．Recommends. 36．What may be included in the next studies according to the text? A．Methods to prevent debris flows. B．Possible effects of debris flows. C．The lasting time of the debris flows. D．Other risks in the burned areas. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。山火容易诱发泥石流灾害，对火灾地区进行及时、有效的泥石流风险评估能为后续预警以及行动提供信息。 33．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post- fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast- moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. (作为火灾后反应和恢复项目的一部分，泥石流灾害小组正在进行几项研究，以更好地了解火灾后泥石流的驱动因素，并改进整个太平洋西北地区的火灾后灾害评估。野火使泥石流容易发生，一种快速移动的水、土壤和岩石的混合物会造成财产损失和生命损失。)”可知，第一段讲述了开展这项研究的原因。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Researchers have begun monitoring post- fire debris- flow activity in wetter places to answer the question.  Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. (研究人员已经开始在潮湿的地方监测火灾后的泥石流活动来回答这个问题。火灾后监测包括测量燃烧区域内的降雨量和记录暴雨后的流量反应。)”可知，目前的研究关注湿度更高的区域。故选C。 35．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. (高湿度地区和干燥地区的泥石流过程既有相似之处，也有不同之处。)”可知，高湿度地区和干燥地区的泥石流过程既有相似之处，也有不同之处是最近的数据所显示或揭示的结果。bespeaks是“揭示，显示”的意思。A. Replaces替换；B. Reveals揭示，显示；C. Recognizes承认；D. Recommends建议。故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. (野火后经常被问到的其他问题是:泥石流会传播多远？会有什么影响?燃烧区域的危险还会持续多久？这些问题目前还没有在当前的泥石流危害评估中得到解决，但研究人员正在进行研究以尽快提供答案。)”可以推断，接下来的研究可能会关注泥石流可能造成的影响。故选B。 （十） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟高三一模）Climate change is already having impacts like soaring temperatures, stronger hurricanes, intensified floods and a longer and more severe wildfire season. Scientists warn ignoring it will bring “untold suffering” to humanity. But will it lead to humans extinction? If we just consider the direct impacts, it’s unlikely to cause our extinction. However, climate change can still endanger hundreds of millions of lives. It may cause food and water shortage, potentially leading to a societal collapse and global conflict. Humans are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and other activities. These gases trap and hold heat from the sun, causing global temperatures to rise and the climate to change much faster than it otherwise would, putting humanity on a dangerous path. A runaway (失温) greenhouse effect is probably the only way climate change impacts could directly cause human extinction, according to Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Fortunately, the runaway green-house effect is unlikely to occur on Earth. For the effect to occur a planet needs carbon dioxide levels of a couple of thousand parts per million (Earth has a little over 400 parts per million) or a huge release of methane, and there isn’t evidence for that at this time, Brian Kahn, a research scientist told NASA in 2018. Michael Mann, an atmospheric science professor, says a global temperature increase of 3℃or more could lead to a collapse of societal infrastructure (社会基础设施) and massive conflict, similar to Hollywood films. Climate change could cause a societal collapse by creating food insecurity. Planet warming negatively impacts food production, like increasing water shortage and reducing food harvests, Live Science reported. Food production losses can increase human deaths, drive economic loss and socio-political instability. While avoiding complete extinction doesn’t appear to be a very promising aspect of climate change, there is reason for hope. Experts say it isn’t too late to avoid the worst-case scenarios (情况) with significant cuts to greenhouse gas emissions. “It is up to us,” Mann said. “If we fail to reduce carbon emissions substantially in the decade ahead, we are likely committed to a worsening of already dangerous extreme weather events, coastlines inundation (淹没) due to melting ice and rising sea level, more pressure on limited resources as a growing global population competes for less food, water and space due to climate change impacts. If we act boldly now, we can avoid the worst impacts.” 37．What are the current impacts of climate change mentioned in the passage? A．More rainfall and shorter wildfire seasons. B．Lower sea-levels, fewer wildfires, and stable climate. C．Rising temperatures, stronger hurricanes, and intensified floods. D．Decreasing temperatures, weaker hurricanes, and less severe floods. 38．What is required for a runaway greenhouse effect to occur? A．An enormous amount of methane emissions. B．An increase in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. C．A decrease in, the amount of methane in the atmosphere. D．Carbon dioxide levels of a few hundred parts per million. 39．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Humans will not be affected by climate change in the future. B．Scientists have found a way to completely stop climate change. C．The runaway greenhouse effect is likely to happen on Earth in the future. D．Climate change doesn’t directly cause human extinction but brings serious problems. 40．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the possible solutions to climate change. B．To explain how climate change is caused by human activities. C．To discuss whether climate change could lead to human extinction. D．To introduce the main impacts of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere. 【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章要讨论了气候变化的影响、人类活动对气候变化的贡献、气候变化可能导致的社会问题以及应对气候变化的措施。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Climate change is already having impacts like soaring temperatures, stronger hurricanes, intensified floods and a longer and more severe wildfire season.(气候变化已经产生了诸多影响，比如气温飙升、飓风强度增强、洪水加剧，以及野火季变得更长、更严重)”可知，气候变化目前的影响包括气温飙升、更强的飓风、更严重的洪水以及更长、更严重的野火季。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“For the effect to occur. a planet needs carbon dioxide levels of a couple of thousand parts per million (Earth has a little over 400 parts per million) or a huge release of methane, and there isn’t evidence for that at this time, Brian Kahn, a research scientist told NASA in 2018.(一位研究科学家Brian Kahn在2018年对美国国家航空航天局表示，要出现这种效应，一颗行星的二氧化碳浓度需达到每百万份中几千份的水平（地球目前的二氧化碳浓度略高于每百万份中400份），或者要有大量的甲烷释放，而目前并没有证据表明会出现这种情况)”可知，要发生失控的温室效应，一颗行星需要二氧化碳浓度达到百万分之几千的水平，或者要有大量的甲烷释放。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“If we just consider the direct impacts, it’s unlikely to cause our extinction. However, climate change can still endanger hundreds of millions of lives. It may cause food and water shortage, potentially leading to a societal collapse and global conflict.(如果仅考虑直接影响，气候变化不太可能导致我们灭绝。然而，气候变化仍可能危及数亿人的生命。它可能会造成食物和水资源短缺，进而有可能引发社会崩溃和全球冲突)”可知，气候变化虽然不会直接导致人类灭绝，但会带来诸如危及数亿人生命、造成食物和水资源短缺、可能引发社会崩溃和全球冲突等严重问题。故选D。 40．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出问题“Scientists warn ignoring it will bring “untold suffering” to humanity. But will it lead to humans extinction?(科学家们警告称，忽视气候变化将给人类带来“难以言表的苦难”。但它会导致人类灭绝吗？)”，随后从多个方面进行阐述，如直接影响下不太可能导致灭绝，但会危及生命、引发社会问题等，还探讨了失控的温室效应这种可能直接导致人类灭绝的情况及其发生的条件，以及气候变化可能引发的社会崩溃等问题，最后强调人类行动的重要性。整体围绕气候变化是否会导致人类灭绝展开讨论。故选C。 （十一） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟一模）As a child, Molly Easterlin loved playing sports. Sports, Easterlin believes, underlie most of her greatest successes. They taught her discipline and teamwork, helped her make friends and enabled her to navigate the many challenges of growing up. When Easterlin became a doctor, she started seeing a lot of children suffering from trauma (心理创伤). Many of these kids didn’t respond fully to traditional treatment for trauma. Depressed and searching for answers, Easterlin turned to her own past. “I suspected that sports might have a powerful impact,” she says. Her research, published Tuesday, finds that, in short, yes: Participation in team sports as a young person can significantly reduce the long-term likelihood of depression and anxiety for people with childhood trauma. To analyze how team sports impact the health of people who have experienced childhood adversity (逆境). Easterlin and her colleagues analyzed data from 9,668 teens who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. They homed in on about 5,000 teens who had reported one or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The kids were assessed first in 1994–1995 when they were in seventh to 12th grade and asked whether they participated in team sports. Fourteen years later, in 2008, these same people, now adults, were asked whether they had ever received a diagnosis (诊断) of depression or anxiety. They were also tested for depressive symptoms in case they just hadn’t been diagnosed. Easterlin found that kids who had participated in team sports were significantly less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety and less likely to test positive for depressive symptoms. The study also doesn’t point out exactly why sports may help, but. Easterlin thinks teamwork may be a key. However, Easterlin says, it’s important to consider additional factors, like emotional connection with relatives and a sense of safety and support. Easterlin also notes that the study did not distinguish between kids with one ACE and those with multiple ACEs: For kids with more ACEs, she thinks the effect of team sports would very likely have been even more powerful, but it remains to be further studied. 41．What does the underlined word “underlie” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Stabilize. B．Facilitate. C．Relieve. D．Dismiss. 42．How was the National Longitudinal Study mainly conducted? A．By doing questionnaire surveys. B．By setting up experimental and control groups. C．By referring to and comparing with other research data. D．By conducting long-term tracking of research subjects. 43．What might play a key role in sports’ impact according to Easterlin? A．Time management. B．Teamwork. C．Exercise intensity. D．Gender. 44．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．The illustration of the research’s possible limitations. B．The methodology of the research on adolescent health. C．The significance of sports in treating childhood trauma. D．The connection between team sports and reduced depression. 【答案】41．B 42．D 43．B 44．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了医生Easterlin研究发现团队运动可减轻童年创伤者患抑郁、焦虑的风险。 41．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Sports, Easterlin believes, underlie most of her greatest successes. They taught her discipline and teamwork, helped her make friends and enabled her to navigate the many challenges of growing up. (Easterlin认为，运动underlie她取得大多数重大成就。运动教会了她自律和团队合作，帮助她结交朋友，还让她能够应对成长过程中的诸多挑战。)”可知，Easterlin认为运动教会了她自律和团队合作，帮助她结交朋友，还让她能够应对成长过程中的诸多挑战。所以Easterlin认为，运动是她大多数巨大成功的基础，促使她取得大多数重大成就。underlie意思是“促进，促使”。与Facilitate“促进”意思相近，故选B。 42．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“The kids were assessed first in 1994–1995 when they were in seventh to 12th grade and asked whether they participated in team sports. Fourteen years later, in 2008, these same people, now adults, were asked whether they had ever received a diagnosis (诊断) of depression or anxiety. (研究人员首先在1994年至1995年间对这些孩子进行了评估，当时他们正处于七年级到十二年级，研究人员询问了他们是否参加团队运动。14年后，也就是2008年，同样是这些孩子，此时已经成年，研究人员询问他们是否曾被诊断出患有抑郁症或焦虑症。)”可知，National Longitudinal Study主要是通过对研究对象进行长期跟踪来进行的。故选D。 43．细节理解题。由文章第六段中“The study also doesn’t point out exactly why sports may help, but. Easterlin thinks teamwork may be a key. (这项研究也没有确切指出运动为何会有帮助，但Easterlin认为团队合作可能是关键因素。)”可知，Easterlin认为团队合作可能是关键。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“However, Easterlin says, it’s important to consider additional factors, like emotional connection with relatives and a sense of safety and support. Easterlin also notes that the study did not distinguish between kids with one ACE and those with multiple ACEs: For kids with more ACEs, she thinks the effect of team sports would very likely have been even more powerful, but it remains to be further studied. (然而，Easterlin表示，考虑其他因素也很重要，比如与亲人之间的情感联系，以及安全感和被支持的感觉。Easterlin还指出，这项研究没有区分只有一次童年不良经历的孩子和有多次童年不良经历的孩子：对于有更多童年不良经历的孩子，她认为团队运动的效果很可能会更强，但这还有待进一步研究。)”可知，最后一段主要关注研究可能的局限性。故选A。 （十二） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟高三一模）Imagine any gathering of people — a wedding reception, a job interview, or even just two off-duty workers chatting on the street. 45 ? They all involve people trying to converse with one another. Yet, in these moments, we often struggle to find words to say. Let’s change that and turn small talk into big ideas. One way to move beyond small talk is to ask open-ended questions. 46 . Radio interviewer Terry Gross once said that the best icebreaker is simply, “Tell me about yourself.” Instead of asking a pointed question like “What do you do?”, this type of open question allows someone to introduce a topic they’re genuinely excited to discuss. 47 . In our attempts to be polite, we tend to answer questions directly, or just repeat others’ observations. Look at the example. James: It’s a beautiful day! John: Yes, a beautiful day! See? By mirroring James’s opinion and language, John stopped the conversation and missed an opportunity for a more engaging interaction. An even better way to break the boring-conversation mirror is to skip over the expected response, and go somewhere next-level. For instance, if someone says, “I love this coffee shop,” instead of simply agreeing, you might respond with, “Me too! Have you tried their seasonal latte? It’s my favorite and pairs perfectly with their new cake.” 48 . It also opens up the conversation for further exploration. The art of transforming small talk into engaging conversations lies in our ability to ask open-ended questions and avoid the trap of mirroring. 49 . A．This not only avoids mirroring B．Or worse, we do a passable job at talking C．Which ideas will be worth spreading next D．What do these situations have in common E．We can invite people to share stories rather than give one-word answers F．A phenomenon called “mirroring” also prevents small talk turning into real talk G．With it, we can turn even the most boring exchanges into opportunities for connection 【答案】45．D 46．E 47．F 48．A 49．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何将闲聊转变为有意义的对话，提出了通过提出开放式问题和避免“镜像”式回答等方法来改善人们在社交场合中的交流。 45．根据上文“Imagine any gathering of people — a wedding reception, a job interview, or even just two off-duty workers chatting on the street.(想象一下任何人群的聚会场景——一场婚礼招待会、一次求职面试，甚至只是两名下班后在街上闲聊的工人。)”可知，上文提到了一些聚会场景；再根据下文“They all involve people trying to converse with one another. (它们都涉及到人们试图相互交谈。)”可推测，空处提出疑问，问这些情况有什么共同之处。选项D“What do these situations have in common(这些情况有什么共同之处呢？)”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 46．根据上文“One way to move beyond small talk is to ask open-ended questions.(超越闲聊的一个方法是提出开放式问题。)”可知，上文建议读者可以提出开放式问题。选项E“We can invite people to share stories rather than give one-word answers(我们可以邀请人们分享故事，而不是让他们只给出一个词的回答。)”延续上文内容，给出了开放式问题的具体例子，符合语境。故选E。 47．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“In our attempts to be polite, we tend to answer questions directly, or just repeat others’ observations. Look at the example.(在我们努力表现得有礼貌时，往往会直接回答问题，或者只是重复别人的观点。看看这个例子。)”以及下文“An even better way to break the boring-conversation mirror is to skip over the expected response, and go somewhere next-level.(打破这种无聊对话“镜像效应”的一个更好办法是跳过预期的回答，进入到一个更高层次的交流。)”可知，空处和“镜像效应”相关。选项F“A phenomenon called “mirroring” also prevents small talk turning into real talk(还有一种被称为“镜像效应”的现象，也会阻碍闲聊转化为真正的对话。)”与下文内容相符，指出“镜像效应”会阻碍闲聊转化为真正的对话。故选F。 48．根据上文“For instance, if someone says, “I love this coffee shop,” instead of simply agreeing, you might respond with, “Me too! Have you tried their seasonal latte? It’s my favorite and pairs perfectly with their new cake.”(例如，如果有人说：“我喜欢这家咖啡店。”不要只是简单地表示赞同，你可以这样回应：“我也是！你尝过他们的季节限定拿铁吗？那是我的最爱，而且和他们的新款蛋糕搭配起来堪称完美。”)”可知，上文就如何打破“镜像效应”对话给出了具体的例子。选项A“This not only avoids mirroring(这不仅避免了“镜像效应”)”延续上文内容，指出这样对话的好处。同时引出下文“It also opens up the conversation for further exploration.(还为进一步深入探讨打开了话匣子。)”，共同指出这样的聊天方式不仅避免了“镜像效应”还进一步打开了对方的话匣子。故选A。 49．根据上文“The art of transforming small talk into engaging conversations lies in our ability to ask open-ended questions and avoid the trap of mirroring.(将闲聊转化为引人入胜的对话的艺术，在于我们提出开放式问题的能力以及避免陷入“镜像效应”陷阱的能力。)”可知，我们要培养提出开放式问题的能力。选项G“With it, we can turn even the most boring exchanges into opportunities for connection(掌握了这一点，我们甚至可以把最无聊的交流转化为建立联系的契机。)”进一步指出，有了这种能力，我们可以把无聊的交流变成建立联系的机会。故选G。 （十三） （2025内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients’ breaths. The canine (犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive, successfully spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in Scientific Reports. “The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers,” says Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method. “That’s crucial because early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs’ “amazing sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines can act like discase detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer’s smell signature. For this study, Rabinowicz’s team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected breast, lung, colorectal (直肠) or prostate (前列腺) cancer. However, reading dogs’ body language can be hard, so the researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs’ signals. The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400 participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types. With AI, the doggy detectors identified 245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples. SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026. The company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they’re smaller and easier to train. But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and development, Rabinowicz says. 50．Which of the following best describes the screening method? A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs. C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer. 51．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz? A．Cancer’s visible signs. B．Dogs’ sense of smell. C．AI’s calculating system. D．Patients’ medical records. 52．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system? A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research. C．Further research is required to test the results. D．It will replace traditional detection methods. 53．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine. C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure. 【答案】50．D 51．B 52．C 53．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性。 50．推理判断题。根据第一段“An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients’ breaths.(一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味。)”可知，这种筛查方法是将犬类和人工智能结合起来检测癌症。故选D。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段“The method employs dogs’ “amazing sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines can act like disease detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer’s smell signature.(Rabinowicz说，这种方法利用了犬类“惊人的嗅觉”。犬类可以像疾病侦探一样，发现作为癌症气味特征的微弱气味。)”可知，筛查方法的基础是犬类的嗅觉。故选B。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026.(SpotitEarly公司正计划在美国进行一项更大规模的临床试验，并计划在2026年报告早期结果。)”可推知，关于检测系统的未来，还需要进一步的研究来测试结果。故选C。 53．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性，这属于科学研究范畴，所以这段文字可能来自科学杂志。故选B。 （十四） （2025届内蒙古阿拉善盟一模）“If you take a regular piece of paper and try to make it fly, it will flutter, tumble, flip around in the air and do all sorts of crazy motions,” says Leif Ristroph, an associate professor of mathematics at New York University. “But if you fold it into a paper airplane, the magic of it is that it doesn’t do all those things,” he says. “It will fly smoothly.” This awesome ability is why he’s so keen on paper airplanes. But how smoothly can they fly? Ristroph and a team of fellow scientists decided to test this for the benefit of science. “To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go simple,” Ristroph says — so simple that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by six inches long, sometimes left perfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍). But why study paper airplanes? What’s amazing about them, Ristroph says, “is that there’s no tail that’s needed”. Most birds and airplanes rely on their tails to keep level while flying. Their wings are used to generate “lift”, which is the force that overcomes gravity’s tendency to pull objects down. Unless it has a fancy, tailed design, “a paper airplane does this all in one”, he says. “I doubt our discoveries will change the way passenger airplanes are designed,” Ristroph says. However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer them together as a simple paper airplane does. Kids can also benefit from Ristroph’s research. For the typical paper airplane - with paper folded into a triangular shape - Ristroph suggests experimenting like he did to make it fly smoothly. Put a paper clip on the body of the plane, the place where you hold it to launch it. Try putting the clip in various spots, forward and backward. “Sooner or later, you will hit the perfect position and the airplane will gracefully soar.” Ristroph says. 54．Why did Ristroph use “simple sheets of paper” in his experiments? A．To reduce the costs of scientific research. B．To illustrate the basic principles of flight. C．To imitate the flying complexity of birds. D．To prove the unsteadiness of flat paper. 55．What can be inferred about future small flying robots based on the passage? A．They will replace passenger airplanes entirely. B．They require complex tail systems to function well. C．Their design might combine lift and stability mechanisms. D．Their development will differ from paper airplane research. 56．How does Ristroph view the practical impact of his research? A．Cautious. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic. 57．What is the best title for the passage? A．How far can a paper plane go? B．How was Ristroph’s research carried out? C．How fast can a paper plane fly? D．How will Ristroph’s research promote creativity? 【答案】54．B 55．C 56．D 57．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽约大学数学副教授Leif Ristroph对纸飞机飞行原理的研究，以及这项研究对未来小型飞行器等设计的潜在影响。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段 ““To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go simple,” Ristroph says — so simple that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by six inches long, sometimes left perfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍).(“为了理解其中的数学和物理原理，我们决定采用简单的方法，”Ristroph说——简单到他们的“纸飞机”只是几张小纸，两英寸宽，六英寸长，有时完全平整，有时两边折叠一点以形成机翼)”可知，Ristroph使用简单的纸片做实验是为了试图理解其中涉及的数学和物理知识，也就是为了阐释飞行的基本原理。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer them together as a simple paper airplane does. (然而，“当我们开始考虑非常非常小的飞行飞机时，它可能会更有用”，比如飞行机器人和微型无人机，用于帮助搜救队或监测城市上空的空气质量。因为它们可能太小，无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制，也许它们可以像一架简单的纸飞机一样把它们放在一起)”可知，未来的小型飞行机器人由于可能太小无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制。由此推知，未来小型飞行机器人可以像简单的纸飞机一样将这两种机制结合起来。故选C。 56．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer them together as a simple paper airplane does. (然而，“当我们开始考虑非常非常小的飞行飞机时，它可能会更有用”，比如飞行机器人和微型无人机，用于帮助搜救队或监测城市上空的空气质量。因为它们可能太小，无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制，也许它们可以像一架简单的纸飞机一样把它们放在一起)”可推知，Ristroph认为他的研究对于小型飞行器如飞行机器人等可能更有用，对其实际影响是乐观的。故选D。 57．主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，文章开始介绍了纸飞机能平稳飞行的特点，接着讲述了 Ristroph 和团队为研究纸飞机能飞多平稳而进行的实验，以及研究纸飞机的意义（对小型飞行器设计的启示）和对孩子的益处（让孩子通过实验让纸飞机平稳飞行），整体围绕纸飞机能飞多平稳展开。由此可知，A选项“纸飞机能飞多远？”引出文章话题，适合作标题。故选A。 （十五） （云南省昆明市2025届高三“三诊一模”）AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting a picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry. In this excerpt (节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a postdoctoral researcher in the ethics (道德) of technology and AI at the University of Zurich, focuses on this very modern identity crisis. An AI that tells you who you are and what you should do is based on the idea that your identity is something you can discover — information you or an AI may access. But this view misses an important point: we also choose who we are. Constantly relying on AI recommendation systems might calcify your identity. By recommending products and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be. This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to broaden the user’s horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like. In practice, that’s not how they function. Besides, by giving decisions to AI, you may fail to meet the moral demand to take responsibility for who you are. This concern weighs particularly heavy when making the most substantial decisions. But even in ordinary cases like selecting movies, music, books, or news, it would be good to put recommendation systems aside from time to time, which in turn, calls for research, risk, and self-reflection. An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through your actions, you choose what kind of person you are. 58．What does the collection of essays focus on? A．Potential benefits and risks of AI. B．Various dominant roles of AI. C．Recent policies on AI development. D．Individual estimates of AI’s future. 59．What does the underlined word “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Admit. B．Weaken. C．Remember. D．Reject. 60．What is the recommendation system designed for? A．Developing users’ broader vision. B．Prioritizing the most ideal choice. C．Highlighting existing preferences. D．Attracting consumers’ engagement. 61．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To prove the uniqueness of AI. B．To stress the huge influence of AI. C．To present the confusion brought by AI. D．To advocate independent thinking in AI era. 【答案】58．A 59．B 60．A 61．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《人工智能道德》这本书中的节选内容，探讨了人工智能对我们生活的改变以及引发的道德困境，重点阐述了人工智能推荐系统对用户身份的影响，呼吁人们在人工智能时代保持独立思考。 58．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting a picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry(英国哲学家大卫・埃德蒙兹编辑的《人工智能道德》（牛津大学出版社，2024年）是一本论文集，探讨了人工智能将如何彻底改变我们的生活以及它将引发的道德困境，描绘了我们应该感到高兴和担忧的原因)”可知，这本论文集关注的是人工智能带来的潜在好处和风险。故选A项。 59．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“By recommending products and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be(通过推荐产品和其他内容，你更有可能按照人工智能系统最初认为适合你的方式去消费、思考和行动，逐渐对你产生很大影响，以至于你变成了它最初认为你应该成为的样子)”可知，不断依赖人工智能推荐系统会让你逐渐变成它所认为的样子，而不是自己主动去选择和发展，这意味着你的身份会受到限制，逐渐“弱化”。所以“calcify”在这里的意思是“弱化”，与weaken含义接近，故选B项。 60．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to broaden the user's horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like(然而，这并不是推荐系统的必要特征。从理论上讲，它们可以被设计成拓宽用户的视野，而不是通过向客户展示他们已经喜欢的东西来最大化参与度)”可知，推荐系统理论上的设计目的是拓宽用户的视野，故选A项。 61．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through your actions, you choose what kind of person you are(人工智能可能会陈述很多关于你的事实，但弄清楚这些事实对你意味着什么以及你如何让它们定义你是你的工作。行动也是如此。你的行动不仅仅是一种追求幸福的方式。通过你的行动，你选择了你想成为什么样的人)”可知，作者强调在人工智能时代，人们要自己去思考人工智能所提供的信息的意义，以及自己要成为什么样的人，而不是完全依赖人工智能。可推理出作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导在人工智能时代进行独立思考，故选D项。 （十六） （云南省昆明市2025届高三“三诊一模”）Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at home can have many benefits on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with autism (自闭症), a new research indicates. The new research explored the role of bilingualism in 112 children, including children with typical development and children with autism, between the ages of 7 to 12 years old. Overall, they found that children who spoke two or more languages often had stronger executive (执行) functioning skills. This means they are able to control the sudden desire and to switch between different tasks more easily than children who only speak one language. Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because executive functioning skills are a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in school and later in the workplace. While executive function skills develop and improve across the whole life, individuals with autism often struggle with executive functioning, affecting their ability to manage daily tasks and adapt to new situations. An idea called joint activation from the field of neuroscience (神经科学) can help explain the results. Prior research suggests that the bilingual brain has two languages constantly active and competing. As a result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. “This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development. 62．What can be learned about executive functioning skills? A．They help develop children's bilingualism. B．They contribute to children's sudden desire. C．They are hard to obtain for kids with autism. D．They are formed between the ages of 7 to 12. 63．How does the idea “joint activation” work? A．By activating the prior memory. B．By switching to other learning tasks. C．By preventing language competitions. D．By enhancing restriction on one language. 64．What might the follow-up study focus on? A．Bilingualism's application in other fields. B．Parents' rising awareness of bilingualism. C．Ways to cure preschool children with autism. D．Bilingualism's effect on kids' social interaction. 65．What is the text mainly about? A．The benefits of being bilingual. B．The causes and effects of autism. C．The strategies to master two languages. D．The role bilingualism plays in fighting autism. 【答案】62．C 63．D 64．D 65．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，在家中鼓励掌握双语（即同样流利地说两种语言的能力）对理解的心理过程有许多好处，这可能对患有自闭症的孩子特别有帮助。 62．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because executive functioning skills are a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in school and later in the workplace. (发表在《自闭症研究》杂志上的这项研究结果意义重大，因为执行功能技能对自闭症儿童来说是一个关键挑战，但对所有孩子在学校以及日后在工作场所的发展都很重要。)”可知，执行功能技能对于自闭症儿童来说是难以获得的，因为这对他们来说是一个关键挑战。故选C项。 63．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“As a result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. (因此，在这两种语言之间切换的日常体验与增强的执行控制能力相关。“如果你必须处理两种语言，你必须有意地控制一种语言以便使用另一种语言。这就是这个概念，即限制或阻止你做某事的能力，可能会因为懂两种语言而得到加强，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授露西娜・乌丁说。)”可知，“联合激活”的概念是通过增强对一种语言的限制来起作用的，当你要使用一种语言时，得有意控制另一种语言。故选D项。 64．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development. (佩里打算对学龄前儿童进行进一步研究，看看双语能力是否也会对孩子的人际交往技能产生影响，这对孩子的社交和心理发展至关重要。)”可知，后续的研究可能会集中在双语对孩子社交互动的影响上，因为研究人员想看看双语对孩子的人际交往技能是否有影响。故选D项。 65．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at home can have many benefits on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with autism (自闭症), a new research indicates. (一项新的研究表明，在家中鼓励掌握双语（即同样流利地说两种语言的能力）对理解的心理过程有许多好处，这可能对患有自闭症的孩子特别有帮助。)”、第四段“As a result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. (因此，在这两种语言之间切换的日常体验与增强的执行控制能力相关。“如果你必须处理两种语言，你必须有意地控制一种语言以便使用另一种语言。这就是这个概念，即限制或阻止你做某事的能力，可能会因为懂两种语言而得到加强，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授露西娜・乌丁说。)”以及最后一段““This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development. (“这肯定会让我们许多有自闭症患者的家庭感到如释重负。但也许需要时间让家庭理解这一点，”迈阿密大学的副教授林恩·佩里说。佩里打算对学龄前儿童进行进一步研究，以观察双语能力是否也对孩子的人际交往技能产生影响，这对孩子的社交和心理发展至关重要。)”可知，文章认为双语在对抗自闭症方面有作用，后文围绕双语对自闭症儿童执行功能技能的影响以及相关原理等展开论述。由此可知这篇文章的主要讲的是双语在对抗自闭症中所起的作用，故选D项。 （十七） （2025届四川名优校联盟）The debate over birth order and personality traits (特性) has been ongoing for over a century. After decades of contested claims, a handful of recent studies found there was little evidence for meaningful differences. But in a study published last week, psychologists have pushed back and claim there is an effect after all. In one of the largest studies ever conducted on birth order, family size and personality, Canadian researchers gathered data from more than 700,000 volunteers and found that on average, middle children scored higher than their siblings (兄弟姐妹) on traits seen as important for cooperation. Scores for the same traits were also higher in families with more children, suggesting that people may be more likely to develop a cooperative personality when they are raised as part of a bigger group. Michael Ashton, first author of the study, noted that individuals with more siblings were more likely to develop cooperative personalities. “A commonsense possibility is that when one has more siblings, one must more frequently cooperate rather than act on selfish preferences. This ongoing situation might then promote the development of cooperative tendencies generally”. Researchers have guessed about the impact of birth order for more than a century. In 1874, the polymath Francis Galton, the youngest of nine siblings, gathered histories on a group of English scientists and found a large proportion were firstborns. He suspected the eldest received more attention from their parents, propelling them to greater intellectual heights. Decades later, the Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler claimed firstborns were often conscientious and responsible, while the youngest might become independent and creative as they looked for ways to stand out. This new research lends some credence to Adler’s view, showing that middle children may indeed be more cooperative due to the unique position they hold in the family dynamic. They are often required to balance the needs of both younger and older siblings, fostering skills like negotiation and compromise. 66．What’s the finding of the Canadian study? A．Siblings are born the same. B．Middle children shine in cooperation. C．Birth order has little impact on personality. D．A large family contributes to sibling harmony. 67．What are Michael Ashton’s words aimed at? A．Offering an explanation. B．Forecasting a global trend. C．Presenting a new argument. D．Defending his research finding. 68．What does paragraph 5 of the text mainly focus on? A．Applications of the research finding. B．Past theories the Canadian study builds on. C．Previous studies on the impact of birth order. D．Further explanations of the research methods. 69．What does the underlined word “credence” in the last paragraph mean? A．Denial. B．Pardon. C．Confusion. D．Acceptance. 【答案】66．B 67．A 68．C 69．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于出生顺序对性格影响的新研究及相关观点。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段“In one of the largest studies ever conducted on birth order, family size and personality, Canadian researchers gathered data from more than 700,000 volunteers and found that on average, middle children scored higher than their siblings (兄弟姐妹) on traits seen as important for cooperation.(在有史以来针对出生顺序、家庭规模和性格所开展的最大规模研究之一中，加拿大研究人员从 70 多万名志愿者那里收集了数据，并发现，平均而言，排行中间的孩子在对合作而言被视为重要的性格特质方面得分高于他们的兄弟姐妹)”可知，加拿大研究人员发现，平均而言，排行中间的孩子在对合作很重要的特质方面得分高于他们的兄弟姐妹，即中间的孩子在合作方面表现突出。故选B。 67．推理判断题。根据第四段“Michael Ashton, first author of the study, noted that individuals with more siblings were more likely to develop cooperative personalities. “A commonsense possibility is that when one has more siblings, one must more frequently cooperate rather than act on selfish preferences. This ongoing situation might then promote the development of cooperative tendencies generally”.(这项研究的第一作者迈克尔・阿什顿指出，兄弟姐妹较多的人更有可能培养出合作型的性格。“一个合乎常理的可能性是，当一个人的兄弟姐妹较多时，他就必须更频繁地进行合作，而不是按照自私的喜好行事。这种持续存在的情况可能进而会普遍促进合作倾向的发展。”)”可知，Michael Ashton 指出有更多兄弟姐妹的人更有可能发展出合作的个性，后面的话是对这一观点进行的一种解释，说明为什么有更多兄弟姐妹的人会更具合作性。所以他的话旨在给出一种解释。故选 A。 68．主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Researchers have guessed about the impact of birth order for more than a century.(一个多世纪以来，研究人员一直都在猜测出生顺序所带来的影响)”以及后面提到的Francis Galton和Alfred Adler的研究可知，本段主要聚焦于过去关于出生顺序影响的研究。故选C。 69．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“showing that middle children may indeed be more cooperative due to the unique position they hold in the family dynamic.(显示出由于中间子女在家庭动态中所处的独特地位，他们可能确实更具合作精神)”可知，新的研究表明中间的孩子确实可能因为他们在家庭动态中所处的独特位置而更具合作性，这说明新研究是支持Adler的观点的，所以 credence意思应该是“认可，接受”。故选D。 （十八） （2025届四川名优校联盟一模）Using LED lighting on the underside of surfboards could prevent great white shark attacks, new research suggests. According to an Australian-led study, underside lighting disrupted the ability of great whites to see silhouettes (轮廓像) against the sunlight above, reducing the rates at which the sharks followed and attacked the artificial prey (猎物). The study’s lead author, Dr Laura Ryan of Macquarie University, said the animal has a far lower visual acuity — the ability to see shapes and details — than humans. Her work has suggested that young great white sharks are unlikely to be able to clearly tell seals apart from swimmers or people paddling surfboards. The team tested multiple light treatments: covering the underside of the decoys (诱饵) with weak, intermediate and bright LED lighting and strobe lighting, as well as horizontal and vertical strip lighting. After each tow with one of the light treatments, they immediately towed a control decoy seal without any underside lighting. As an extra experiment, they did paired tests where the unlit control dummy was towed 3 metres away from the illuminated (点亮) dummy. The unlit decoys were attacked or followed by sharks more than any of the illuminated decoys. The brightest light seemed to be most effective, with zero predator incidents seen when the decoy’s illumination was most radiant. Vertical strip lighting was less effective than the horizontal strips, possibly because it broke the silhouette into longer sections that could still be identified as a seal, says Ryan. The strobe lighting was less effective than continuous lighting, perhaps because the sharks could still see the silhouette of what they thought was prey between flashes. The team is testing a surfboard prototype with fitted lighting. “Surfers can be a little bit fussy with their surfboards,” Ryan said. “As a surfer, I want it to be usable.” But Ryan warns that the illumination deterrent hasn’t been tested on other species known to attack people, such as tiger sharks and bull sharks, which have different hunting strategies. 70．According to the study, what might cause sharks’ attack on humans? A．Colour blindness. B．Mistaken identity. C．Strong sunlight. D．Survival needs. 71．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The process of the experiment. B．The subjects of the experiment. C．The follow-up study of the experiment. D．The theoretical basis of the experiment. 72．What can be an implied way to prevent shark attacks on humans? A．Using vertical strip lighting. B．Covering a surfboard entirely in lights. C．Keeping the lights on the surfboards out. D．Lengthening the horizontal strip lighting. 73．What is Ryan’s attitude towards the research finding? A．Disapproving. B．Optimistic. C．Unclear. D．Cautious. 【答案】70．B 71．A 72．B 73．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于鲨鱼袭击人类的研究，解释了研究的经过以及研究发现。 70．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her work has suggested that young great white sharks are unlikely to be able to clearly tell seals apart from swimmers or people paddling surfboards.(她的研究表明，年轻的大白鲨不太可能清楚地将海豹与游泳者或划着冲浪板的人区分开来)”可知，误认可能导致鲨鱼袭击人类。故选B。 71．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The team tested multiple light treatments: covering the underside of the decoys (诱饵) with weak, intermediate and bright LED lighting and strobe lighting, as well as horizontal and vertical strip lighting. After each tow with one of the light treatments, they immediately towed a control decoy seal without any underside lighting. As an extra experiment, they did paired tests where the unlit control dummy was towed 3 metres away from the illuminated (点亮) dummy.(该团队测试了多种光线处理方法：用微弱、中等和明亮的LED照明和频闪照明覆盖诱饵的底部，以及水平和垂直的条形照明。在每次用一种光处理后，他们立即拖拽一个没有任何底面照明的控制诱饵海豹。作为额外的实验，他们做了配对测试，将未照明的假人拖到离照明假人3米远的地方)”可知，第三段的主要内容是实验的过程。故选A。 72．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The unlit decoys were attacked or followed by sharks more than any of the illuminated decoys. The brightest light seemed to be most effective, with zero predator incidents seen when the decoy’s illumination was most radiant.(没有照明的诱饵比任何照明的诱饵更容易受到鲨鱼的攻击或跟踪。最亮的灯似乎是最有效的，当诱饵的照明最明亮时，捕食者的事件为零)”可知，把冲浪板完全覆盖在灯光下可以防止鲨鱼袭击人类。故选B。 73．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Ryan warns that the illumination deterrent hasn’t been tested on other species known to attack people, such as tiger sharks and bull sharks, which have different hunting strategies.(但瑞安警告说，这种照明威慑还没有在其他已知的攻击人类的物种身上进行过测试，比如虎鲨和牛鲨，它们有不同的捕猎策略)”可知，Ryan对研究发现的态度是谨慎的。故选D。 1 / 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 一、阅读理解 1 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 2 适中 环境保护,说明文 3 适中 天体和宇宙,科学技术 ,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造 ,说明文 5 适中 职业内容,说明文 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 适中 方法/策略,说明文 8 适中 发明与创造 ,说明文 9 适中 自然灾害与防范,科普知识 ,说明文 10 适中 说明文,气候变化及影响 11 适中 情绪,科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 社会关系,方法/策略 13 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能 14 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,航空航天 15 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,人工智能 16 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 17 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 18 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 （一） （2025届河南省信阳市固始县高级中学第一中学等校一模）Self-driving cars may sound like something from a futuristic sci-fi novel. However, with advanced trials expected from 2021, they are a lot closer to reality than you may think, and they could really help you. Connected and automated vehicles (also known as CAVs), are vehicles that could perform many of the functions of today’s human drivers in the future. Aware of the potential benefits of the technology from improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion (拥塞), to enabling greater travel independence — the U.K. government has been encouraging the technology. “However, we won’t get there unless those designing the technology engage properly with a wide range of transport users,” said lain Forbes, head of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. FLOURISH, one initiative that received government backing, has helped to advance the successful implementation of CAVs in the U.K. by developing services and capabilities which maxi-mise the benefits of driverless vehicles for users and transport authorities. The project was a collaboration between small and medium companies and large businesses across multiple industries, universities, local authorities and the not-for-profit sector, to investigate how these vehicles might benefit older adults and those with mobility-related conditions. Mervyn Kohler, an Age U.K. spokesman, believes FLOURISH’s approach will be key to the positive impact self-driving cars have on older adults. “The project’s connectivity findings will also help the users of the future to make real-time journey decisions, responding to live information,” Tracey Poole, FLOURISH’s project manager and transport planning specialist says: “Not only will these vehicles be more inclusive; they will also be safer, more efficient and more environmentally friendly.” Although safety is one of the big prizes associated with the introduction of self-driving cars, with the vast majority of collisions caused by human error, concerns about their safety are common. The government is keen to understand the public’s view on CAVs and continues to survey public attitudes. It is also taking big steps towards establishing how our laws and regulations might need to change to support the safe use of self-driving cars. 1．What is the advantage of self-driving cars? A．They guarantee road safety. B．They remove traffic jams. C．They provide more freedom of traveling. D．They get over the elder’s dependence on drivers. 2．What does the underlined word “prizes” in paragraph 7 refer to? A．Awards. B．Achievements. C．Realization. D．Characteristics. 3．What can we infer about self-driving cars? A．Collisions between self-driving cars can’t be avoided. B．Self-driving cars are more eco-friendly than today's cars. C．There is still a way to go before self-driving cars hit the road. D．People are not worried about the safety problems of self-driving cars. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．CAVs: a substitute for today’s human driver B．How do CAVs help people less able to travel? C．FLOURISH: a new project on self-driving cars D．Could self-driving cars soon be a reality? （二） （2025届河南省名校联盟一模）Covering over 170,000 hectares, the bio-diverse Hasdeo Aranya forest bears the burden of being resource-rich. It sits on top of some 5.6 billion tons of coal, making it one of India’s largest reserves and the focus of intense interest from coal companies. But the forests, as well as the animals, birds and many small creatures in this area, are facing the risk of being destroyed. Shukla spent his childhood in his hometown surrounded by the natural beauty. Growing up, he found himself drawn to environmental activism. He met other activists, visited various parts and saw first-hand how polluted its rivers were and how quickly industries were springing up. Meanwhile, multiple movements and organizations were fighting similar battles, so Shukla managed to bring them together, creating one strong platform that could expand their struggles at the state level. One of Shukla’s biggest successes was to organize farmers to protest a limestone (石灰岩) mining project that endangered the lakes there. As a result of their extensive effort, the project was terminated. In 2011, a large company wanted to open up new mines in the forest and that was pressurizing local communities. But the people of the area lacked any legal know-how and were easily taken in by widespread misinformation. Shukla started educating the residents about their rights. He made the residents aware of the law, their rights, and then find the safeguards to protect themselves. However, there were both victories and setbacks during Shukla’s 12-year-long fight. For instance, the central government had proposed 21 coal blocks in 2020. The next year 1, 995 square kilometers of the forest was designated as a reserve, and 1, 700 square kilometers declared as a mining-free zone. But there are still a few areas where the threat exists. There is also the danger to his own safety. However, hope remains, thanks to a generation of young environmentalists emerging from these communities. “The dream is that not a single tree should be cut for mining against the wishes of the community. And if society places more stress on protecting the environment, governments will be forced to act,” Shukla concludes. 5．What has drawn people’s attention to the Hasdeo Aranya forest? A．Its rich biodiversity and unique wildlife. B．Its vast reserves of coal beneath the forest. C．Its cultural significance to local communities. D．Its potential for eco-tourism and sustainable development. 6．What does the underlined word “terminated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Acknowledged. B．Canceled. C．Assessed. D．Justified. 7．What does Shukla hope for in the future? A．Communities should prioritize economic development. B．More young people can engage in environmental protection. C．Environmental awareness can influence government actions. D．The government should strengthen their control over forest resources. 8．Which of the following words can be used to describe Shukla? A．Responsible and determined. B．Humble and ambitious. C．Open-minded and honest. D．Selfless and considerate. （三） （2025届河南省名校联盟高三一模）The sun likes to remind us that Earth is merely one part of a joint system. Despite our connection with the sun, there are still numerous scientific mysteries to uncover about this critical star, particularly its magnetic field (磁场). Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. The solar magnetic field is the primary driver of solar storms and flares. As society grows increasingly reliant on technology, this space weather generates threats to power networks, communication systems, and in-space technologies like GPS and satellites. “Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,” said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. “This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.” Scientists have been able to routinely measure the magnetic field on the sun’s surface. Large telescopes like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), which is the world’s largest solar telescope, can measure the three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields in depth. It recently demonstrated its ability to make detailed observations of the coronal magnetic field. However, DKIST can’t map the sun all at once. To try to get more overall mapping, the team turned to the Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (UCoMP). UCoMP can block out parts of the sun. It uses a dise called a coronagraph to enable scientists to measure the sun’s atmosphere. UCoMP has a much smaller aperture (光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. “We are entering a new age of solar physics research when we can routinely measure the coronal magnetic field,” said Yang. Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all-sided view of the coronal magnetic field. 9．What is the significance of the new observation of the sun’s coronal magnetic field? A．It reveals the source of the sun’s energy. B．It helps us fully understand the solar system. C．It enables us to predict solar storms accurately. D．It allows further insight into a certain solar region. 10．What does Zihao Yang think of the research? A．It’s well-received. B．It’s risk-free. C．It’s pioneering. D．It’s misleading. 11．What is the main advantage of UCoMP compared to DKIST? A．It provides a wider view of the sun. B．It has a larger aperture for higher-quality images. C．It can measure the sun’s magnetic field in greater depth. D．It can block out the sun’s light for better measurements. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of solar physics research. B．The comparison between DKIST and UCoMP. C．The sun’s magnetic field and its impact on Earth. D．The new progress in measuring the sun’s coronal magnetic field. （四） （2025届河南省五市高三下学期一模）Kesa Bhai Prajapati wears a smile as he models blocks of clay into vases on a potter’s wheel. These days, Prajapati, 68, from the village of Modhera in western India, has doubled the amount of earthenware (陶制品) he makes compared to a few months ago, because he no longer has to tum the wheel manually as he could not then afford high electricity bill. That could be up to 1,500 Indian rupees ($ 18.19) a month. Now, however, his machine moves on solar power as earlier this month Prajapati’s village of around 6,500 residents, consisting mainly of potters, farmers and shoemakers, was declared India’s first village to run entirely on solar energy all the time. “Electricity has helped us to save time and produce more products,” Prajapati said. India is the world’s third-largest carbon dioxide emitter. It aims to meet half of its energy demands from renewable sources, such as solar and wind by 2030, which the government said in December 2023. The project in Modhera, financed by the federal and provincial government at nearly $10 million, involved setting up over 1,300 rooftop panels on residential and government buildings that were connected to a power plant. The government buys extra energy produced here from residents if they do not use all of the capacity given to the households. With this money, Praveen Bhai, 43, a tailor, plans to buy a gas connection and stove, since many houses in the village cook food in wood-fired stoves that leave smoky air. “I had to teach the kids under the street lamp. Now they will be able to study inside the house.” For Reena Ben, 36, a housewife, who also works as a tailor part time, the solar power has hugely aided her work. “When we got access to solar power, I bought an electric motor worth 2,000 rupees ($ 24) to attach to the sewing machine. Now I am able to sew one or two more clothes daily.” 13．Why does the author mention Kesa Bhai? A．To advertise for his earthen works. B．To present the hard life in Modhera. C．To introduce local people’s traditional art. D．To show changes brought by solar energy. 14．What is special about Modhera? A．The first to introduce green energy in India. B．The first to use clean energy in handwork in India. C．The first to depend totally on solar energy in India. D．The first to adopt sustainable development in India. 15．What can be known about the solar energy project in Modhera? A．Great profits have been made. B．Many other places will follow. C．Funds come from big companies. D．It may produce more energy than needed. 16．What is Reena Ben’s attitude to the solar energy promoted in Modhera? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. （五） （2025届山西省太原市一模）During the Spring Festival, Ne Zha 2 has become a phenomenon-level animated film, with cinema attendance rate reaching over 90%. When Ne Zha and Ao Bing had a fierce battle with Infinite Immortal, the vivid sound effects made me feel as if I were right there on the scene. Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created? Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists. The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly. Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films. Their working scenes seem simple but are filled with all kinds of tools and equipment. Ordinary objects are often transformed into precise sound effects: Shaking an umbrella can simulate (模拟) the howling of a violent storm; hitting two halves of a coconut together sounds like a horse clip-clopping along. Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with actors is crucial to capturing the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene… You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,” Jack Foley once stressed. In general, attention to detail is fundamental to successful Foley artists. They also need to have the ability to recreate sounds themselves, which requires creativity and imagination. Getting the perfect sound requires trial and error, which is why patience and persistence are equally important. In order to simulate the sound of a character running in the mud, Foley artists have to try countless materials, constantly adjusting the force and rhythm of stepping. As I was digging deep, titles like “Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active Worldwide” indeed struck me hard. I stumbled upon the sad truth that while Foley work is an incredible addition to movies, the small number of working artists today may put it on the path to becoming a dying art. However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops. Next time you’re watching a movie, remember those subtle sounds. They are like secret messages from Foley artists, reminding us they’re always there. 17．What contribution did Jack Foley make to the film industry? A．He improved background music. B．He invented recording equipment. C．He pioneered sound effect creation. D．He advanced live recording methods. 18．What did Jack Foley value most? A．Being at one with actors. B．Practising trial and error. C．Being sensitive to details. D．Stimulating active imagination. 19．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Foley work may be redefined in the future. B．Modern audiences are well aware of Foley work. C．Foley artists may soon be replaced by virtual reality. D．Foley work is no longer a must as technology develops. 20．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To persuade readers to engage in Foley work. B．To introduce Foley work and its significance. C．To explore the reasons for Ne Zha 2’s success. D．To discuss the challenges Foley work will face. （六） （2025届山西省太原市一模）If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes. “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh.” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development.” Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters, which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainment. If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply won’t reach their full potential. For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own. On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas. Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to capitalize on the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form. 21．What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1? A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise. B．Digital literacy is essential nowadays. C．Handwritten communication is out of date. D．Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools. 22．What does the underlined word “mesh” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Set up. B．Run fast. C．Mess up. D．Work together. 23．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Blind typing contributes to brain development. B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards. C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked. D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information. 24．What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. （七） （2025届山西省太原市一模）Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit!” Perseverance is indeed important, to a limit. However, never take it too far. For one thing, goals and dreams might be beyond reach. Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives. It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream. For another, every road taken means another road is not taken. An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities. What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever? Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue. Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help. First, do not tie a goal to your identity. Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest. Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It’s called “turning it into a hobby”. Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals, yet many enjoy collecting. Last and most important, do not think of giving up as a failure, but as a choice. Your time is limited. Try new activities, rediscover previous interests, and revise your ambitions. Be honest with yourself about your chances, and choose the goals that best suit you. And remember that, when you give up a goal, you do not fail. You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities. 25．What result may “selection bias” bring to people? A．Setting self-limit. B．Giving up more easily. C．Misjudging the situation. D．Ignoring successful stories. 26．How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”? A．By motivating their desire for success. B．By gaining a sense of self-satisfaction. C．By telling easy goals from difficult goals. D．By saving energy to focus on practical goals. 27．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Accepting failure with ease does make sense. B．One can make a hobby out of an unattainable goal. C．Turn to professionals when realizing personal goals. D．Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it. 28．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Identity Crisis: Be True to Yourself. B．Goals or Hobbies: Make Your Choice. C．Never Say Never: The Key to Success. D．Winners Do Quit: Be Wise About Your Goals. （八） （2025届山西省高三下学期一模）Incredible new eco-friendly sensors, inspired by spider silk and 50 times smaller than a human hair, could be used in fields ranging from healthcare monitoring to virtual reality. Developed by University of Cambridge researchers, these sensors can be printed on biological surfaces, from a human finger to a delicate flower leaf. They are so lightweight that they can even be printed directly onto the soft seed head of a dandelion (蒲公英) without collapsing its structure. When printed on human skin, the fibre (纤维) sensors fit the skin, exposing sweat tiny holes, making them undetectable to the wearer. Tests on human fingers suggest these sensors could serve as continuous health monitors, providing a less noticeable alternative to large wearables like smartwatches. “The connection between the device and the surface is vital for accurate sensing, ” said Prof. Yan Yan Shery Huang, who led the research. She also stressed that bioelectronics should be unnoticeable to users and environmentally sustainable. These sensors can change how we interact with the world, whether for healthcare or enhancing virtual reality experiences. Most existing wearable sensor technologies have limitations, such as blocking air and liquids or relying on energy-and waste-intensive production techniques. Flexible electronics, for example, are often printed on plastic films that restrict gas and liquid passage. The Cambridge team’s approach solves this by using PEDOT: PSS, a suitable conducting material mixed with hyaluronic (透明质) acid and polyethylene oxide (聚乙烯氧化物). The bioelectronic fibres are created at room temperature from a water-based solution, enabling precise control over their properties. These fibres can adapt to various shapes, from micro to macro size, without requiring image recognition. Their production is less energy-intensive, and they generate less waste compared to traditional sensors. The fibres are also repairable and can be washed away when no longer needed. Looking forward, the team plans to incorporate additional functional materials into this fibre printing method, potentially allowing for integrated fibre sensors with display, computation, and energy conversion capabilities. 29．Which is a possible application of the sensors discussed in the text? A．Enhancing healthcare through continuous monitoring. B．Improving virtual reality experiences via smartwatches. C．Providing a less efficient alternative to spider silk. D．Making large and heavy sensors for industrial use. 30．What can be one of the challenges for the sensors described? A．Making them visible to users for easy monitoring. B．Increasing their production speed at high temperatures. C．Ensuring they are both functional and unnoticeable to users. D．Balancing cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. 31．How are the bioelectronic fibres created? A．By reacting with metals to form flexible fibers. B．By printing flexible materials onto plastic films. C．By heating liquid mixtures in a certain container. D．By using a chemical solution at a controlled temperature. 32．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To explore the challenges and limitations of existing wearable sensors. B．To describe the environmental impact of traditional sensor production. C．To explain the environmental advantages of the bioelectronic sensors. D．To introduce new eco-friendly sensors and their potential applications. （九） （2025届陕西省西安市新城区西安中学一模）As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast-moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. After a wildfire, emergency managers need rapid answers to the questions: Where are debris flows likely? How much rain will it take to cause a debris flow? And how big will that debris flow be? Researchers are conducting applied research and emergency hazard assessments to answer these questions. Evaluated burn areas they’ve assessed included the nearly 2021 Dixie fire, the 2020 Labor Day wildfires, and many of the 2021 wildfires in Washington. The models used for hazard assessment have been developed and tested in drier places. But the models have not been tested widely in wetter places. Are the models accurate for wetter regions? Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter places to answer the question. Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. The observed flow response is compared to the predicted possibility. If the model predicted a high possibility of debris flow and there was a debris flow, the model got it right. Recent data bespeaks both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. For example, in the 2021 Dixie fire, major debris flows were caused by short bursts of intense rainfall like they are in drier places. In contrast, debris flows in the 2017 Eagle Creek Fire were caused by long time rainfall. Continued observation and testing is expected to lead to an improved set of hazard assessment models. Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. 33．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Contents included in a project. B．Hazards caused by debris flows. C．Causes of post-fire debris flows. D．Reasons for conducting the studies. 34．What places are current studies focusing on? A．Places seldom noticed. B．Places with debris flow records. C．Places with higher humidity. D．Places once affected by wildfires. 35．What does the underlined word “bespeaks” mean in paragraph 4? A．Replaces. B．Reveals. C．Recognizes. D．Recommends. 36．What may be included in the next studies according to the text? A．Methods to prevent debris flows. B．Possible effects of debris flows. C．The lasting time of the debris flows. D．Other risks in the burned areas. （十） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟高三一模）Climate change is already having impacts like soaring temperatures, stronger hurricanes, intensified floods and a longer and more severe wildfire season. Scientists warn ignoring it will bring “untold suffering” to humanity. But will it lead to humans extinction? If we just consider the direct impacts, it’s unlikely to cause our extinction. However, climate change can still endanger hundreds of millions of lives. It may cause food and water shortage, potentially leading to a societal collapse and global conflict. Humans are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and other activities. These gases trap and hold heat from the sun, causing global temperatures to rise and the climate to change much faster than it otherwise would, putting humanity on a dangerous path. A runaway (失温) greenhouse effect is probably the only way climate change impacts could directly cause human extinction, according to Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Fortunately, the runaway green-house effect is unlikely to occur on Earth. For the effect to occur a planet needs carbon dioxide levels of a couple of thousand parts per million (Earth has a little over 400 parts per million) or a huge release of methane, and there isn’t evidence for that at this time, Brian Kahn, a research scientist told NASA in 2018. Michael Mann, an atmospheric science professor, says a global temperature increase of 3℃or more could lead to a collapse of societal infrastructure (社会基础设施) and massive conflict, similar to Hollywood films. Climate change could cause a societal collapse by creating food insecurity. Planet warming negatively impacts food production, like increasing water shortage and reducing food harvests, Live Science reported. Food production losses can increase human deaths, drive economic loss and socio-political instability. While avoiding complete extinction doesn’t appear to be a very promising aspect of climate change, there is reason for hope. Experts say it isn’t too late to avoid the worst-case scenarios (情况) with significant cuts to greenhouse gas emissions. “It is up to us,” Mann said. “If we fail to reduce carbon emissions substantially in the decade ahead, we are likely committed to a worsening of already dangerous extreme weather events, coastlines inundation (淹没) due to melting ice and rising sea level, more pressure on limited resources as a growing global population competes for less food, water and space due to climate change impacts. If we act boldly now, we can avoid the worst impacts.” 37．What are the current impacts of climate change mentioned in the passage? A．More rainfall and shorter wildfire seasons. B．Lower sea-levels, fewer wildfires, and stable climate. C．Rising temperatures, stronger hurricanes, and intensified floods. D．Decreasing temperatures, weaker hurricanes, and less severe floods. 38．What is required for a runaway greenhouse effect to occur? A．An enormous amount of methane emissions. B．An increase in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. C．A decrease in, the amount of methane in the atmosphere. D．Carbon dioxide levels of a few hundred parts per million. 39．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Humans will not be affected by climate change in the future. B．Scientists have found a way to completely stop climate change. C．The runaway greenhouse effect is likely to happen on Earth in the future. D．Climate change doesn’t directly cause human extinction but brings serious problems. 40．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the possible solutions to climate change. B．To explain how climate change is caused by human activities. C．To discuss whether climate change could lead to human extinction. D．To introduce the main impacts of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere. （十一） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟一模）As a child, Molly Easterlin loved playing sports. Sports, Easterlin believes, underlie most of her greatest successes. They taught her discipline and teamwork, helped her make friends and enabled her to navigate the many challenges of growing up. When Easterlin became a doctor, she started seeing a lot of children suffering from trauma (心理创伤). Many of these kids didn’t respond fully to traditional treatment for trauma. Depressed and searching for answers, Easterlin turned to her own past. “I suspected that sports might have a powerful impact,” she says. Her research, published Tuesday, finds that, in short, yes: Participation in team sports as a young person can significantly reduce the long-term likelihood of depression and anxiety for people with childhood trauma. To analyze how team sports impact the health of people who have experienced childhood adversity (逆境). Easterlin and her colleagues analyzed data from 9,668 teens who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. They homed in on about 5,000 teens who had reported one or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The kids were assessed first in 1994–1995 when they were in seventh to 12th grade and asked whether they participated in team sports. Fourteen years later, in 2008, these same people, now adults, were asked whether they had ever received a diagnosis (诊断) of depression or anxiety. They were also tested for depressive symptoms in case they just hadn’t been diagnosed. Easterlin found that kids who had participated in team sports were significantly less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety and less likely to test positive for depressive symptoms. The study also doesn’t point out exactly why sports may help, but. Easterlin thinks teamwork may be a key. However, Easterlin says, it’s important to consider additional factors, like emotional connection with relatives and a sense of safety and support. Easterlin also notes that the study did not distinguish between kids with one ACE and those with multiple ACEs: For kids with more ACEs, she thinks the effect of team sports would very likely have been even more powerful, but it remains to be further studied. 41．What does the underlined word “underlie” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Stabilize. B．Facilitate. C．Relieve. D．Dismiss. 42．How was the National Longitudinal Study mainly conducted? A．By doing questionnaire surveys. B．By setting up experimental and control groups. C．By referring to and comparing with other research data. D．By conducting long-term tracking of research subjects. 43．What might play a key role in sports’ impact according to Easterlin? A．Time management. B．Teamwork. C．Exercise intensity. D．Gender. 44．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．The illustration of the research’s possible limitations. B．The methodology of the research on adolescent health. C．The significance of sports in treating childhood trauma. D．The connection between team sports and reduced depression. （十二） （2025届陕西省菁师联盟高三一模）Imagine any gathering of people — a wedding reception, a job interview, or even just two off-duty workers chatting on the street. 45 ? They all involve people trying to converse with one another. Yet, in these moments, we often struggle to find words to say. Let’s change that and turn small talk into big ideas. One way to move beyond small talk is to ask open-ended questions. 46 . Radio interviewer Terry Gross once said that the best icebreaker is simply, “Tell me about yourself.” Instead of asking a pointed question like “What do you do?”, this type of open question allows someone to introduce a topic they’re genuinely excited to discuss. 47 . In our attempts to be polite, we tend to answer questions directly, or just repeat others’ observations. Look at the example. James: It’s a beautiful day! John: Yes, a beautiful day! See? By mirroring James’s opinion and language, John stopped the conversation and missed an opportunity for a more engaging interaction. An even better way to break the boring-conversation mirror is to skip over the expected response, and go somewhere next-level. For instance, if someone says, “I love this coffee shop,” instead of simply agreeing, you might respond with, “Me too! Have you tried their seasonal latte? It’s my favorite and pairs perfectly with their new cake.” 48 . It also opens up the conversation for further exploration. The art of transforming small talk into engaging conversations lies in our ability to ask open-ended questions and avoid the trap of mirroring. 49 . A．This not only avoids mirroring B．Or worse, we do a passable job at talking C．Which ideas will be worth spreading next D．What do these situations have in common E．We can invite people to share stories rather than give one-word answers F．A phenomenon called “mirroring” also prevents small talk turning into real talk G．With it, we can turn even the most boring exchanges into opportunities for connection （十三） （2025内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients’ breaths. The canine (犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive, successfully spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in Scientific Reports. “The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers,” says Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method. “That’s crucial because early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs’ “amazing sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines can act like discase detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer’s smell signature. For this study, Rabinowicz’s team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected breast, lung, colorectal (直肠) or prostate (前列腺) cancer. However, reading dogs’ body language can be hard, so the researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs’ signals. The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400 participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types. With AI, the doggy detectors identified 245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples. SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026. The company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they’re smaller and easier to train. But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and development, Rabinowicz says. 50．Which of the following best describes the screening method? A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs. C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer. 51．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz? A．Cancer’s visible signs. B．Dogs’ sense of smell. C．AI’s calculating system. D．Patients’ medical records. 52．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system? A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research. C．Further research is required to test the results. D．It will replace traditional detection methods. 53．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine. C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure. （十四） （2025届内蒙古阿拉善盟一模）“If you take a regular piece of paper and try to make it fly, it will flutter, tumble, flip around in the air and do all sorts of crazy motions,” says Leif Ristroph, an associate professor of mathematics at New York University. “But if you fold it into a paper airplane, the magic of it is that it doesn’t do all those things,” he says. “It will fly smoothly.” This awesome ability is why he’s so keen on paper airplanes. But how smoothly can they fly? Ristroph and a team of fellow scientists decided to test this for the benefit of science. “To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go simple,” Ristroph says — so simple that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by six inches long, sometimes left perfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍). But why study paper airplanes? What’s amazing about them, Ristroph says, “is that there’s no tail that’s needed”. Most birds and airplanes rely on their tails to keep level while flying. Their wings are used to generate “lift”, which is the force that overcomes gravity’s tendency to pull objects down. Unless it has a fancy, tailed design, “a paper airplane does this all in one”, he says. “I doubt our discoveries will change the way passenger airplanes are designed,” Ristroph says. However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer them together as a simple paper airplane does. Kids can also benefit from Ristroph’s research. For the typical paper airplane - with paper folded into a triangular shape - Ristroph suggests experimenting like he did to make it fly smoothly. Put a paper clip on the body of the plane, the place where you hold it to launch it. Try putting the clip in various spots, forward and backward. “Sooner or later, you will hit the perfect position and the airplane will gracefully soar.” Ristroph says. 54．Why did Ristroph use “simple sheets of paper” in his experiments? A．To reduce the costs of scientific research. B．To illustrate the basic principles of flight. C．To imitate the flying complexity of birds. D．To prove the unsteadiness of flat paper. 55．What can be inferred about future small flying robots based on the passage? A．They will replace passenger airplanes entirely. B．They require complex tail systems to function well. C．Their design might combine lift and stability mechanisms. D．Their development will differ from paper airplane research. 56．How does Ristroph view the practical impact of his research? A．Cautious. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic. 57．What is the best title for the passage? A．How far can a paper plane go? B．How was Ristroph’s research carried out? C．How fast can a paper plane fly? D．How will Ristroph’s research promote creativity? （十五） （云南省昆明市2025届高三“三诊一模”）AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting a picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry. In this excerpt (节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a postdoctoral researcher in the ethics (道德) of technology and AI at the University of Zurich, focuses on this very modern identity crisis. An AI that tells you who you are and what you should do is based on the idea that your identity is something you can discover — information you or an AI may access. But this view misses an important point: we also choose who we are. Constantly relying on AI recommendation systems might calcify your identity. By recommending products and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be. This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to broaden the user’s horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like. In practice, that’s not how they function. Besides, by giving decisions to AI, you may fail to meet the moral demand to take responsibility for who you are. This concern weighs particularly heavy when making the most substantial decisions. But even in ordinary cases like selecting movies, music, books, or news, it would be good to put recommendation systems aside from time to time, which in turn, calls for research, risk, and self-reflection. An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through your actions, you choose what kind of person you are. 58．What does the collection of essays focus on? A．Potential benefits and risks of AI. B．Various dominant roles of AI. C．Recent policies on AI development. D．Individual estimates of AI’s future. 59．What does the underlined word “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Admit. B．Weaken. C．Remember. D．Reject. 60．What is the recommendation system designed for? A．Developing users’ broader vision. B．Prioritizing the most ideal choice. C．Highlighting existing preferences. D．Attracting consumers’ engagement. 61．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To prove the uniqueness of AI. B．To stress the huge influence of AI. C．To present the confusion brought by AI. D．To advocate independent thinking in AI era. （十六） （云南省昆明市2025届高三“三诊一模”）Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at home can have many benefits on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with autism (自闭症), a new research indicates. The new research explored the role of bilingualism in 112 children, including children with typical development and children with autism, between the ages of 7 to 12 years old. Overall, they found that children who spoke two or more languages often had stronger executive (执行) functioning skills. This means they are able to control the sudden desire and to switch between different tasks more easily than children who only speak one language. Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because executive functioning skills are a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in school and later in the workplace. While executive function skills develop and improve across the whole life, individuals with autism often struggle with executive functioning, affecting their ability to manage daily tasks and adapt to new situations. An idea called joint activation from the field of neuroscience (神经科学) can help explain the results. Prior research suggests that the bilingual brain has two languages constantly active and competing. As a result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. “This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development. 62．What can be learned about executive functioning skills? A．They help develop children's bilingualism. B．They contribute to children's sudden desire. C．They are hard to obtain for kids with autism. D．They are formed between the ages of 7 to 12. 63．How does the idea “joint activation” work? A．By activating the prior memory. B．By switching to other learning tasks. C．By preventing language competitions. D．By enhancing restriction on one language. 64．What might the follow-up study focus on? A．Bilingualism's application in other fields. B．Parents' rising awareness of bilingualism. C．Ways to cure preschool children with autism. D．Bilingualism's effect on kids' social interaction. 65．What is the text mainly about? A．The benefits of being bilingual. B．The causes and effects of autism. C．The strategies to master two languages. D．The role bilingualism plays in fighting autism. （十七） （2025届四川名优校联盟）The debate over birth order and personality traits (特性) has been ongoing for over a century. After decades of contested claims, a handful of recent studies found there was little evidence for meaningful differences. But in a study published last week, psychologists have pushed back and claim there is an effect after all. In one of the largest studies ever conducted on birth order, family size and personality, Canadian researchers gathered data from more than 700,000 volunteers and found that on average, middle children scored higher than their siblings (兄弟姐妹) on traits seen as important for cooperation. Scores for the same traits were also higher in families with more children, suggesting that people may be more likely to develop a cooperative personality when they are raised as part of a bigger group. Michael Ashton, first author of the study, noted that individuals with more siblings were more likely to develop cooperative personalities. “A commonsense possibility is that when one has more siblings, one must more frequently cooperate rather than act on selfish preferences. This ongoing situation might then promote the development of cooperative tendencies generally”. Researchers have guessed about the impact of birth order for more than a century. In 1874, the polymath Francis Galton, the youngest of nine siblings, gathered histories on a group of English scientists and found a large proportion were firstborns. He suspected the eldest received more attention from their parents, propelling them to greater intellectual heights. Decades later, the Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler claimed firstborns were often conscientious and responsible, while the youngest might become independent and creative as they looked for ways to stand out. This new research lends some credence to Adler’s view, showing that middle children may indeed be more cooperative due to the unique position they hold in the family dynamic. They are often required to balance the needs of both younger and older siblings, fostering skills like negotiation and compromise. 66．What’s the finding of the Canadian study? A．Siblings are born the same. B．Middle children shine in cooperation. C．Birth order has little impact on personality. D．A large family contributes to sibling harmony. 67．What are Michael Ashton’s words aimed at? A．Offering an explanation. B．Forecasting a global trend. C．Presenting a new argument. D．Defending his research finding. 68．What does paragraph 5 of the text mainly focus on? A．Applications of the research finding. B．Past theories the Canadian study builds on. C．Previous studies on the impact of birth order. D．Further explanations of the research methods. 69．What does the underlined word “credence” in the last paragraph mean? A．Denial. B．Pardon. C．Confusion. D．Acceptance. （十八） （2025届四川名优校联盟一模）Using LED lighting on the underside of surfboards could prevent great white shark attacks, new research suggests. According to an Australian-led study, underside lighting disrupted the ability of great whites to see silhouettes (轮廓像) against the sunlight above, reducing the rates at which the sharks followed and attacked the artificial prey (猎物). The study’s lead author, Dr Laura Ryan of Macquarie University, said the animal has a far lower visual acuity — the ability to see shapes and details — than humans. Her work has suggested that young great white sharks are unlikely to be able to clearly tell seals apart from swimmers or people paddling surfboards. The team tested multiple light treatments: covering the underside of the decoys (诱饵) with weak, intermediate and bright LED lighting and strobe lighting, as well as horizontal and vertical strip lighting. After each tow with one of the light treatments, they immediately towed a control decoy seal without any underside lighting. As an extra experiment, they did paired tests where the unlit control dummy was towed 3 metres away from the illuminated (点亮) dummy. The unlit decoys were attacked or followed by sharks more than any of the illuminated decoys. The brightest light seemed to be most effective, with zero predator incidents seen when the decoy’s illumination was most radiant. Vertical strip lighting was less effective than the horizontal strips, possibly because it broke the silhouette into longer sections that could still be identified as a seal, says Ryan. The strobe lighting was less effective than continuous lighting, perhaps because the sharks could still see the silhouette of what they thought was prey between flashes. The team is testing a surfboard prototype with fitted lighting. “Surfers can be a little bit fussy with their surfboards,” Ryan said. “As a surfer, I want it to be usable.” But Ryan warns that the illumination deterrent hasn’t been tested on other species known to attack people, such as tiger sharks and bull sharks, which have different hunting strategies. 70．According to the study, what might cause sharks’ attack on humans? A．Colour blindness. B．Mistaken identity. C．Strong sunlight. D．Survival needs. 71．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The process of the experiment. B．The subjects of the experiment. C．The follow-up study of the experiment. D．The theoretical basis of the experiment. 72．What can be an implied way to prevent shark attacks on humans? A．Using vertical strip lighting. B．Covering a surfboard entirely in lights. C．Keeping the lights on the surfboards out. D．Lengthening the horizontal strip lighting. 73．What is Ryan’s attitude towards the research finding? A．Disapproving. B．Optimistic. C．Unclear. D．Cautious. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$