Unit 6 Disaster and Hope Using language 省略语法讲练 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

unit 6 Using language 省略 Author: Miss Liu Grammer 【语法导图】 省略 简单句中的省略 并列句中的省略 复合句中的省略 其他中的省略 省略主语 省略宾语 省略主语和宾语 省略共同主语或宾语 省略后面的系动词、助动词等 省略后面的主谓 省略主要动词及后续部分 状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句的省略 一、概述 为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 二、省略的规则 （1）简单句中的省略 1.省略主语: 一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Wash your hands before meals.饭前洗手。 (I)Beg your pardon?请再说一遍? 2.省略宾语:当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。 -Do you know Miss Gao?你认识高女士吗? -I don't know (her). -不认识。 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You come) This way,please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语) 【即学即练】补全下列省略句 ①Have a seat, please! →_______________________________________ ②Looks like rain.→______________________ ③Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry. →_____________________________________________________________________________________ ④Got any ideas about the plan? →______________________________________________ You have a seat, please! It looks like rain. Let's do the dishes. I'll wash them/the dishes and you dry them/the dishes. Have you got any ideas about the plan? （3）并列句中的省略 在由and 或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1.省略共同的主语或宾语。 Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。 2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。 4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 He has a knowledge of first aid, but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid). 他具备急救知识,但他朋友不具备。 【即学即练】写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ① Some of us study Japanese,and others study English. others 后的 study ②He gave up drinking several months ago, but he returned to his old way later. he ③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why she didn't come to school. she didn't come to school. （3)复合句中的省略 1.状语从句的省略 ①在 when,while,if, as if, though,although, as, until,once, whether, unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。 Whenever (it is) possible,they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能,他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。 When (it is) heated,ice can be turned into water.加热的时候冰可以变成水。 Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so,let's go camping. 这个周日你有空吗?如果有,我们去野营吧。 ②在 than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They don't use more water than (it is) necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 2.定语从句的省略 ①在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词 whom,which, that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The exact year (which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。 ②修饰way的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。 2.宾语从句的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within. 我真的相信美丽源自内心。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。 (2)when, where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city). 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市,但我不知道他什么时候来。 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 ①当动词不定式在形容词afraid,anxious, eager,glad,happy, ready,willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to(answer the question). 如果他不愿意回答这个问题,你不能强迫他。 ②某些使役动词，如:make,let,have等和感官动词，如:see,watch,notice, observe,hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 ③并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号 to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时,不能省略 to。 He told me to stay there and (to) wait for him.(并列) 他叫我待在那儿等他。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较) 他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 ④当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略。常见的动词有agree，afford,expect, forget, hope, know,manage,pretend，remember, refuse,want,wish, would like 等。 一Are you a lawyer? 一No, but I hope to (be a lawyer). --你是律师吗? --不是,但我希望是。 ⑤介词but,except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的动词不定式不带to. All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 ⑥当动词不定式在be going to,be able to,have to, ought to ,used to后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可省略。 They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents). 他们应该多看望父母,但他们没有。 2.使用so,not 等时的省略 在英语中，可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 --Can you finish your work today? --你今天能完成工作吗? --I think so. --我认为能。 --I don't think so. /I think not. 我认为不能。 3.介词的省略 ①一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有: have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth spend some time (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 ②表示时间的介词at,on 和in在next,last, this, these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every, each, some 等词之前时,一般省略。 We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.除星期天外,我们每天都上学。 【即学即练】 补全句子 ①We can do nothing but ___________________(放弃). ②He was noticed ________________________________(离开了办公室). ③-Would you like to go shopping with me? -_________________________(我恐怕不能). ④-Tom was injured, or he would have won th race. -___________________(我认为如此). give up to leave the office I'm afraid not I think so Thanks for your listening! $$