精品解析：天津市实验中学2024-2025学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

2024-2025学年度高二下学期第一次阶段学情调查英语学科试卷 命题人：高二英语备课组 审核人：高二英语备课组 一、单项选择（共30小题，满分30分） 1. After I posted my selfies and checked my phone for comments, each “like” ________ my confidence. A. valued B. boosted C. expressed D. desired 2. —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight? — . I’ll drive her there. A. Have a try B. Don’t bother C. Don’t mention it D. Go ahead 3. On the annual International Volunteer Day, the world ________ the work of millions of people who give their time to help others. A. abolishes B. acknowledges C. accompanies D. accesses 4. Why you accepted his unreasonable request was beyond my ________ and I had thought you would agree with our plan. A. expression B. compassion C. motivation D. comprehension 5. Although Bill was a world-famous fashion photographer, his approach to life was ________. A. uncomplicated B. popular C. identical D. precious 6. She was _________ as a leading expert in this field. A. dominated B. polished C. posed D. acknowledged 7. Day in, day out, the students devoted their effort to the courses, whose ________ was common: to be admitted to the key universities. A. objective B. welfare C. assumption D. analysis 8. Despite facing difficulty, he remains _________ to realize his dreams. A. academic B. ambitious C. memorial D. rough 9. The man was ________ to find a job to support his family after losing his previous one, so he sent out dozens of resumes every day. A. integral B. cautious C. desperate D. casual 10. ________ was known to them all ________ William had broken his promise that he would give each of them a gift. A. As, which B. It, which C. As, where D. It, that 11. ________I'm concerned about most is________ we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. A. That; how B. What; that C. What; how D. As; whether 12. Much to my surprise, the two cars are so ________ in appearance that I can’t distinguish them apart. A. identical B. prosperous C. timid D. immense 13. The reason ______ she explained to me for her absence was ______ she got stuck in the traffic jam. A. that; that B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 14. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. A. which B. where C. what D. that 15. Three quarters of the city’s population ________ vaccinated against the virus so far. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 16. The generation gap can result in misunderstandings and cause _________ between parents and children. A. weapon B. friction C. analysis D. fashion 17. The employer in this firm was open-minded, encouraging his employees to work ________. A. around the corner B. on standby C. from head to toe D. at their own pace 18. He is the only one of his coworkers who _____ in the company for more than ten years. A. has worked B. have worked C. were working D. are working 19. The sharp man survived the accidental disaster ____________ his wisdom and perseverance. A. banking on B. taking on C. putting on D. insisting on 20. It looks like a storm ________. We’d better look for a shelter. A. in the way B. in the front C. on the horizon D. on the bottom 21. We hope the teammates will catch some fire from Yao Ming, and Rockets will be _______ to succeed this year. A. praised B. asked C. bound D. blamed 22. ______ the suggestion put forward by him is effective or not remained to be checked. A That B. If C. Whether D. Which 23. The little girl who was lost decided to remain ______ she was and wait for her mother. A. where B. what C. when D. who 24. Determination and devotion is _____it takes to allow you to be successful. A. that B. what C. how D. when 25. The thing they want to know is ______ difficulty they will face. A. how B. what C. when D. where 26. The researchers aimed to remain in their analysis to ensure fair results. A. objective B. significant C. consistent D. supportive 27. Her income was ________ enough to maintain one child, let alone three. A. tightly B. potentially C. barely D. gently 28. Without more information, it’s difficult to make an _________ about the cause of the accident. A. uniform B. representative C. assumption D. expression 29. It is a wise idea to ________ your essay to make it more perfect before handling it in to the professor. A. exclaim B. overlook C. polish D. dominate 30. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A. are remaining B. have remained C. has remained D. is remaining 二、完型填空（共20小题，满分30分） Fake It to Make It After ten years of working for a Wall Street bank, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job. Scanning advertisements, I learned a ____31____ company was to hire more consultants. With great excitement, I made a(n) ____32____ with a branch president. That day, it went so well that I was ____33____ he would hire me on the spot. ____34____, he told me to come back for 12 more ____35____ with his top salespeople! Over the next five months, every one of them ____36____ me from working as a consultant in finance. "You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job." "Eighty percent of newcomers ____37____ within their first year." "You have no investment experience." The more they attacked my dream, the more my stomach ____38____. I realized I would have to " ____39____ it till I make it", though. Eventually, the last interview with the president came. "You've got the job!" he announced, and then added, "On one ______40______ that you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam." I ______41______. "It's 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first ______42______! " I nearly choked at the prospect (前景) of taking a huge leap of faith into the unknown. However, attracted by this great ______43______ and the courage I had never had, I ______44______ hard and said, "I'll take it." As instructed, I cut my lifeline to the bank and leapt into ______45______ waters. After the training, I took the exam and when the scores were displayed, I let out a loud sigh of ______46______. My experience ______47______ the truth of Thoreau's words: "If one advances ______48______ in the direction of his dreams and ______49______ to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet success ______50______ in common hours." 31. A. travelling B. commercial C. financial D. marketing 32. A. appointment B. arrangement C. prediction D. decision 33. A. skeptical B. glad C. negative D. positive 34. A. Thus B. Moreover C. Instead D. Then 35. A. discussions B. designs C. bargains D. interviews 36. A. separated B. discouraged C. banned D. dismissed 37. A. fail B. insist C. hesitate D. progress 38. A. loosened B. changed C. tightened D. swelled 39. A. fake B. appreciate C. help D. have 40. A. situation B. condition C. position D. occasion 41. A. smiled B. accepted C. panicked D. froze 42. A. question B. point C. day D. try 43. A. achievement B. advertisement C. risk D. firm 44. A. worked B. shook C. clapped D. swallowed 45. A. still B. unproven C. rough D. known 46. A. belief B. relief C. sorrow D. regret 47. A. recognized B. tested C. contradicted D. confirmed 48. A. confidently B. freely C. randomly D. lonely 49. A. threatens B. agrees C. attempts D. promises 50. A. unexpected B. unfinished C. unfamiliar D. unpractical 三、阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分） A 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A University Room Regulations Approved and Prohibited Items The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination. Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25. 51. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms? A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B. Wireless routers and radios. C. Hair dryers and candles. D. TVs and electric blankets. 52. What if a student is found to have told his combination to others? A. The combination should be changed. B. The Office should be charged. C. He should replace the door lock. D. He should check out of the room. 53. What do we know about the cooking policy? A. A microwave oven can be used. B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted. C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen. D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking. 54. If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____. A. parent visits B. a fine of $100 C. the Student Court D. a written notice 55. When can students enjoy a party in residences? A. 7:00 am, Sunday. B. 7:30 am, Thursday. C. 11:30 pm, Monday. D. 00:30 am, Saturday. B I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded. I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, “I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,” I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed. Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax. We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless. 56. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands? A. She wanted mom to read the news to her. B She was anxious to know what had happened. C. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart. D. She couldn’t help but stop mom from reading. 57. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates ________. A. her unique way to locate herself B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D. her growing desire to know the world around her 58. What was the author’s view on factual reading? A. It would help her update test-taking skills. B. It would allow much room for free thinking. C. It would provide true and objective information. D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 59. The author takes novel reading as a way to ________. A. explore a fantasy land B. develop a passion for learning C. learn about the adult community D. get away from a confusing world 60. What could be the best title for the passage? A. The Magic of Reading B. The Pleasure of Reading C. Growing Up with Reading D. Reading Makes a Full Man C Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible in reality education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people’s brains constantly restore themselves, In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman studied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were making new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can change our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional ways like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness —a, characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should.” 61. What do some people think of aging adults? A. Their wisdom grows as time goes by. B. Their memory is gradually getting worse. C. They can benefit from late-in-life learning. D. They are likely to have mental health issues. 62. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding? A. Brain damage seriously prevents one’s learning. B. Brain power weakens slower than we imagine. C. Brains may refresh and improve with learning. D. Brains make connections under good physical conditions. 63. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks? A Doing daily routines by conventional means. B. Avoiding worrying about our mental strength. C. Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks. D. Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways. 64. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function? A. Being curious and desiring knowledge. B. Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age. C. Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks. D. Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases 65. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power. B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory. C. Desiring new experiences can help to refresh the brain. D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only. D To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. Common sense is not all that common. Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse? These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity. Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,”the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.” And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good”even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth? 66. According to title passage, which of following seems the most human? A. To search for truth． B. To achieve one’s ideal C To make fun of others’mistakes． D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 67. According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s maturity? A. Doing things his own way. B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes. C. Making as few mistakes as possible． D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing. 68. Which of the following isN0Tbased on common sense? A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company. B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather. C. A company’s next move follows a good plan． D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments． 69. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse? A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy. B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas. C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty. D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse. 70. What would be the best title for his passage? A. A Mirror of Human Nature B. To Blame or to Forgive C. A Mark of Maturity D. Truth or Excuse 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年度高二下学期第一次阶段学情调查英语学科试卷 命题人：高二英语备课组 审核人：高二英语备课组 一、单项选择（共30小题，满分30分） 1. After I posted my selfies and checked my phone for comments, each “like” ________ my confidence. A. valued B. boosted C. expressed D. desired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我发布自拍并查看手机上的评论后，每一个“点赞”都增强了我的信心A. valued重视；B. boosted增强；C. expressed表达；D. desired渴望。 根据“like”可知，每一个“点赞”都增强了我的信心。故选B项。 2. —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight? — . I’ll drive her there. A. Have a try B. Don’t bother C. Don’t mention it D. Go ahead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——今晚我为Sarah叫辆出租车去机场好吗？——不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。A. Have a try试一试；B. Don’t bother不必麻烦了；C. Don’t mention it不客气，通常用于回应别人的感谢；D. Go ahead去吧，通常用于允许某人做某事。根据“I’ll drive her there.”可知，回答者说自己会开车送Sarah去机场，因此是告诉对方“不必麻烦了”。故选B。 3. On the annual International Volunteer Day, the world ________ the work of millions of people who give their time to help others. A. abolishes B. acknowledges C. accompanies D. accesses 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一年一度的国际志愿人员日，全世界对数百万人贡献时间帮助他人的工作表示感谢。A. abolishes废除；废止；B. acknowledges承认；认可；公开感谢；C. accompanies陪伴；伴随；D. accesses进入；使用；获取。根据“the work of millions of people who give their time to help others.”可知，世界应该是感谢花费时间帮助他人的人，故选B。 4. Why you accepted his unreasonable request was beyond my ________ and I had thought you would agree with our plan. A. expression B. compassion C. motivation D. comprehension 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法理解你为什么接受他不合理的要求，我原以为你会同意我们的计划。A. expression表达；B. compassion同情，怜悯；C. motivation动机；D. comprehension理解。由“Why you accepted his unreasonable request”可知，句子表示“我无法理解你为什么接受他不合理的要求，我原以为你会同意我们的计划”，空格处意为“理解”。故选D。 5. Although Bill was a world-famous fashion photographer, his approach to life was ________. A. uncomplicated B. popular C. identical D. precious 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然比尔是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。A. uncomplicated不复杂的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. identical完全相同的；D. precious宝贵的。根据上文“Although Bill was a world-famous fashion photographer, his approach to life was”中although引导让步状语从句，表示虽然比尔是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。故选A。 6. She was _________ as a leading expert in this field. A. dominated B. polished C. posed D. acknowledged 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被认为是这个领域的领先专家。A. dominated控制，支配； B. polished擦亮，磨光； C. posed提出，摆姿势； D. acknowledged承认，认可。根据“a leading expert in this field”可知，她被认为是这个领域的领先专家，故选D项。 7. Day in, day out, the students devoted their effort to the courses, whose ________ was common: to be admitted to the key universities. A. objective B. welfare C. assumption D. analysis 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，学生们努力学习课程，他们的目标是共同的：考上重点大学。A. objective目标；B. welfare福利；C. assumption假设；D. analysis分析。根据后文“be admitted to the key universities”可知，努力学习的目标是为了上重点大学。故选A。 8. Despite facing difficulty, he remains _________ to realize his dreams. A. academic B. ambitious C. memorial D. rough 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临困难，他仍然有志向去实现自己的梦想。A. academic学术的；B. ambitious有志向的；C. memorial纪念的；D. rough粗糙的。根据句意可知应是有志向去实现他的梦想，故选B。 9. The man was ________ to find a job to support his family after losing his previous one, so he sent out dozens of resumes every day. A. integral B. cautious C. desperate D. casual 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在失去了上一份工作后，这名男子迫切希望找到一份工作来养家糊口，所以他每天都发出几十份简历。A. integral完整的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. desperate迫切的；D. casual随便的。由“to support his family after losing his previous one, so he sent out dozens of resumes every day”可知，句子表示“在失去了上一份工作后，这名男子迫切希望找到一份工作来养家糊口，所以他每天都发出几十份简历”，故选C。 10. ________ was known to them all ________ William had broken his promise that he would give each of them a gift. A. As, which B. It, which C. As, where D. It, that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和主语从句。句意：他们都知道威廉违背了他会给他们每人一份礼物的承诺。“It is/was known to sb. that...”是固定句型，意为“某人知道……”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句；“William had broken his promise that he would give each of them a gift”是主语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，应用连接代词that引导主语从句。故选D项。 11 ________I'm concerned about most is________ we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. A. That; how B. What; that C. What; how D. As; whether 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：我最担心的是我们怎么能在这么短的时间内筹集到一大笔钱。分析句子可知，第一空处引导主语从句，且主语从句中缺少介词about的宾语，表示内容，所以第一空应用连接代词what；第二空处引导表语从句，且表语从句中不缺任何成分，结合语境可知此处是指“如何”，所以第二空应用连接副词how。故选C。 12. Much to my surprise, the two cars are so ________ in appearance that I can’t distinguish them apart. A. identical B. prosperous C. timid D. immense 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这两辆车的外观如此相似，以至于我无法区分它们。A. identical相同的；B. prosperous繁荣的；C. timid胆小的，羞怯的；D. immense巨大的。根据“I can’t distinguish them apart.”可知，此处指“这两辆车的外观如此相似”，故选A。 13. The reason ______ she explained to me for her absence was ______ she got stuck in the traffic jam. A. that; that B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她向我解释她缺席的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。“______ she explained to me for her absence”为限制性定语从句修饰先行词The reason，设空处指代先行词在从句中作explained的宾语，先行词the reason指的是事物，所以第一空使用关系代词that/which ；第二空为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中句意完整，且不缺少成分，所以此处使用连接词that，主语为the reason时，不能使用because引导表语从句。故选A。 14. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. A. which B. where C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你说每个人都应该平等，这是我不同意的地方。此处引导表语从句，连词在从句中作地点状语，应用where作引导词。故选B。 15. Three quarters of the city’s population ________ vaccinated against the virus so far. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，该市四分之三的人口已经接种了病毒疫苗。句子中的so far表示动作从过去持续到现在，应该使用现在完成时，主语是Three quarters of the city’s population，这里的population是一个集合名词，但在本句中，three quarters显然指的是人口中的个体成员，所以视为复数，助动词使用have。故选B。 16. The generation gap can result in misunderstandings and cause _________ between parents and children. A. weapon B. friction C. analysis D. fashion 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：代沟可能导致误解，并在父母与子女之间引发冲突。A. weapon武器； B. friction摩擦、冲突； C. analysis分析； D. fashion时尚。根据上文“The generation gap can result in misunderstandings”可知，代沟可能导致误解，并在父母与子女之间引发冲突。故选B项。 17. The employer in this firm was open-minded, encouraging his employees to work ________. A. around the corner B. on standby C. from head to toe D. at their own pace 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这家公司的老板思想开明，鼓励员工按照自己的节奏工作。A. around the corner即将来临；B. on standby随时待命；C. from head to toe从头到脚；D. at their own pace按照他们自己的节奏。根据“The employer in this firm was open-minded”可知，此处指“鼓励员工按照自己的节奏工作”，故选D。 18. He is the only one of his coworkers who _____ in the company for more than ten years. A. has worked B. have worked C. were working D. are working 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他是他的同事中唯一一个在这家公司工作了十年以上的人。根据“for more than ten years”可知，用现在完成时have/has done的形式，当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词⽤单数形式，强调“只有他一个人在这家公司工作了十年以上”。故选A项。 19. The sharp man survived the accidental disaster ____________ his wisdom and perseverance. A. banking on B. taking on C. putting on D. insisting on 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位聪明的人依靠他的智慧和毅力在意外灾难中幸存了下来。A. banking on依靠；B. taking on承担；C. putting on穿上；D. insisting on坚持。根据句意，需要一个短语来表达“依靠”或“依赖”的意思，banking on意为“依靠”，符合语境。故选A项。 20. It looks like a storm ________. We’d better look for a shelter. A. in the way B. in the front C. on the horizon D. on the bottom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：看起来暴风雨就要来了。我们最好找个避雨的地方。A. in the way 挡道，妨碍某人；B. in the front在前边；C. on the horizon即将来临的；D. on the bottom在底部。根据“We’d better look for a shelter.”可知，暴风雨就要来了。故选C。 21. We hope the teammates will catch some fire from Yao Ming, and Rockets will be _______ to succeed this year. A. praised B. asked C. bound D. blamed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们希望队友们能从姚明身上感受到一些激情，火箭今年一定会取得成功。A. praised赞美；B. asked询问；C. bound注定的；D. blamed责备。结合后文to succeed this year可知此处考查短语be bound to“必然，一定要”。故选C。 22. ______ the suggestion put forward by him is effective or not remained to be checked. A. That B. If C. Whether D. Which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：他提出的建议是否有效还有待检验。whether...or not...无论是……或……； 是否，在句中引导主语从句。故选C。 23. The little girl who was lost decided to remain ______ she was and wait for her mother. A. where B. what C. when D. who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的妈妈。分析句子可知，系动词remain是不及物动词，从句中缺少表示“在……的地方”，因此用连接副词where引导地点状语从句。故选A。 24. Determination and devotion is _____it takes to allow you to be successful. A. that B. what C. how D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：决心和奉献是让你成功的要素。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少主宾语，指事物，因此空格处用连接代词what引导表语从句，故选B。 25. The thing they want to know is ______ difficulty they will face. A. how B. what C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们想知道的是他们将面临什么样的困难。空格处引导的是表语从句，句子表示“他们想知道的是他们将面临什么样的困难”，空格处用what引导表语从句，作定语，修饰difficulty，故选B。 26. The researchers aimed to remain in their analysis to ensure fair results. A. objective B. significant C. consistent D. supportive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员的目的是在他们的分析中保持客观，以确保结果的公平。A. objective客观的；B. significant有意义的；C. consistent一致的；D. supportive支持的。根据to ensure fair results可知，为了确保公平的结果，应该要客观的分析。故选A。 27. Her income was ________ enough to maintain one child, let alone three. A. tightly B. potentially C. barely D. gently 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的收入勉强够养活一个孩子，更不用说三个了。A. tightly 紧紧地；坚固地；B. potentially潜在地；C. barely几乎不；勉强；D. gently轻轻地。根据“let alone three.”可知，她的收入勉强只能够养活一个孩子。故选C。 28. Without more information, it’s difficult to make an _________ about the cause of the accident. A. uniform B. representative C. assumption D. expression 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：在没有更多信息的情况下，很难对事故的原因做出一个假设。A. uniform制服；B. representative代表；C. assumption假设；D. expression表达。根据“Without more information”和“about the cause of the accident”可知，很难对事故的原因做出一个假设。故选C项。 29. It is a wise idea to ________ your essay to make it more perfect before handling it in to the professor. A. exclaim B. overlook C. polish D. dominate 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在把你的文章交给教授之前，把它修改一下，使它更完美，这是一个明智的主意。A. exclaim惊叫；B. overlook忽略；C. polish修改；D. dominate控制。根据后文“essay to make it more perfect”指修改文章，使其更完美。故选C。 30. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A. are remaining B. have remained C. has remained D. is remaining 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：医学院的数量在1990年代初达到了18所，并且自那时起一直保持在这一水平。根据“ever since”可知，本句为现在完成时，the number of...“……的数量”作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选C项。 二、完型填空（共20小题，满分30分） Fake It to Make It After ten years of working for a Wall Street bank, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job. Scanning advertisements, I learned a ____31____ company was to hire more consultants. With great excitement, I made a(n) ____32____ with a branch president. That day, it went so well that I was ____33____ he would hire me on the spot. ____34____, he told me to come back for 12 more ____35____ with his top salespeople! Over the next five months, every one of them ____36____ me from working as a consultant in finance. "You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job." "Eighty percent of newcomers ____37____ within their first year." "You have no investment experience." The more they attacked my dream, the more my stomach ____38____. I realized I would have to " ____39____ it till I make it", though. Eventually, the last interview with the president came. "You've got the job!" he announced, and then added, "On one ______40______ that you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam." I ______41______. "It's 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first ______42______! " I nearly choked at the prospect (前景) of taking a huge leap of faith into the unknown. However, attracted by this great ______43______ and the courage I had never had, I ______44______ hard and said, "I'll take it." As instructed, I cut my lifeline to the bank and leapt into ______45______ waters. After the training, I took the exam and when the scores were displayed, I let out a loud sigh of ______46______. My experience ______47______ the truth of Thoreau's words: "If one advances ______48______ in the direction of his dreams and ______49______ to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet success ______50______ in common hours." 31. A. travelling B. commercial C. financial D. marketing 32. A. appointment B. arrangement C. prediction D. decision 33. A. skeptical B. glad C. negative D. positive 34. A. Thus B. Moreover C. Instead D. Then 35. A. discussions B. designs C. bargains D. interviews 36. A. separated B. discouraged C. banned D. dismissed 37 A. fail B. insist C. hesitate D. progress 38. A. loosened B. changed C. tightened D. swelled 39. A. fake B. appreciate C. help D. have 40. A. situation B. condition C. position D. occasion 41. A. smiled B. accepted C. panicked D. froze 42. A. question B. point C. day D. try 43. A. achievement B. advertisement C. risk D. firm 44. A. worked B. shook C. clapped D. swallowed 45. A. still B. unproven C. rough D. known 46. A. belief B. relief C. sorrow D. regret 47. A. recognized B. tested C. contradicted D. confirmed 48. A. confidently B. freely C. randomly D. lonely 49. A. threatens B. agrees C. attempts D. promises 50. A. unexpected B. unfinished C. unfamiliar D. unpractical 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者辞掉朝九晚五的工作，成功挑战一份新工作的面试过程。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过浏览广告，我了解到一家金融公司要招聘更多的顾问。A. travelling旅行的；B. commercial商业的；C. financial金融的；D. marketing促销的。由第二段“working as a consultant in finance.”可知，此处指金融顾问，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋，于是我与分公司总裁约好见面。A. appointment约定；B. arrangement安排；C. prediction预测；D. decision决定。由上下文“With great excitement, I made a(n) ____2____ with a branch president.”可知，“我”很兴奋，于是与分公司总裁约好见面，所以此处指“我”与总裁的约定，故选A。 33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，一切都很顺利，我确信他会当场雇佣我。A. skeptical怀疑的；B. glad高兴的；C. negative消极的；D. positive确信的；积极的。由上文“it went so well”可知，一切进行得很顺利，所以作者确信，总裁会当场雇佣作者，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他让我再去参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. Thus因此；B. Moreover而且；C. Instead相反；D. Then然后。由上文“it went so well that I was ____3____ he would hire me on the spot.”和下文“he told me to come back for 12 more ____5____ with his top salespeople!”可知，作者认为总裁当场会雇佣他，总裁却告诉他再参加12次面试，前后意思进行了反转，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他让我再去参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. discussions讨论；B. designs设计；C. bargains交易；D. interviews面试，采访。由上下文“come back for 12 more ____5____ with his top salespeople”可知，总裁告诉作者回来再去参加12次他的顶级销售面试，所以此处指的是面试，故选D。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五个月，他们每个人都劝我不要做金融顾问。A. separated分开；B. discouraged劝阻；C. banned禁止；D. dismissed开除。由下文“You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job.”可知，人们是劝阻者不要做金融顾问，故选B。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：80%的新人在第一年就失败了。A. fail失败；B. insist坚持；C. hesitate犹豫；D. progress进步。由下文“they attacked my dream,”可知，人们一直打击作者，所以此处指人们说80%的新人在第一年就失败了是为了打击作者，故选A。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们越是攻击我，我的胃就越紧。A. loosened放松；松开；B. changed改变；C. tightened拉进；D. swelled膨胀。由上文“The more they attacked my dream,”可知，他们攻击作者的梦想，使作者很不舒服，此处作者胃口紧，表示作者不舒服，故选C。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我必须成功之前假装成功。A. fake假装；B. appreciate欣赏；感激；C. help帮助；D. have有。由标题“Fake It to Make It”可知，此处点明中心，与标题呼应，故选A。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你得到这份工作了！”他宣布，然后补充道，“条件是你必须辞职，参加我们的培训并参加考试。”A. situation情况；B. condition条件；C. position位置；D. occasion场合。由下文“you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam.”可知，面试官向作者提出条件，即作者必须辞职，然后参加他们的培训并参加考试。故选B。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我接受了。A. smiled微笑；B. accepted接受；C. panicked使恐慌；D. froze冻结。由下文“I'll take it”可知，作者接受面试官提出的条件，故选B。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是250道题，你必须在第一次做题时，不失一分，通过考试。A. question问题；B. point要点；C. day天；D. try尝试，努力。由上文“you must pass it without one point lost on the first”可知，面试官要求作者第一次考试就要全部做对，故选D。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个巨大的冒险和我从未有过的勇气吸引了我，我用力咽了咽口水，说：“我接受。”A. achievement成就；B. advertisement广告；C. risk冒险；D. firm公司。由上文“"It's 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first ____12____ !"”可知，250道题一次性全部做对，这对于作者来说是一种冒险，故选C。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个巨大的冒险和我从未有过的勇气吸引了我，我用力咽了咽口水，说：“我接受。”A. worked工作；B. shook摇动；C. clapped拍手；D. swallowed吞咽。由上文“However, attracted by this great ____13____ and the courage I had never had, I ____14____ hard and said, "I'll take it."”可知，接受这样一个挑战，对于作者来说是一项重大决定，所以他下决定时，用力咽了咽口水，故选D。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像指示那样，我把我的生命系到了银行上，且跳进了未知的领域里。A. still静止的；B. unproven未经证明的；C. rough粗糙的；D. known已知的。根据句意可知，此处waters是比喻的说法，表示“领域”，结合第二段“You have no investment experience.”可知，对于作者来说，这个工作是一个未知的行业，故选B。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：培训结束后，我参加了考试，当分数出来时，我松了一口气。A. belief信念；B. relief宽慰；C. sorrow痛苦；D. regret后悔。由句意及最后一段中的“he will meet success___20__in common hours”(他会在平常的时刻取得成功)可知，此处指作者顺利通过考试，所以心情放松了一口气，故选B。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. recognized认出；B. tested测试；C. contradicted反驳，与……矛盾；D. confirmed证实。根据作者的求职经历，即认定目标，努力付出，最终取得成功，以及结合名言可知，作者的这次经历印证了梭罗的名言，故选D。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. confidently自信地；B. freely自由地；C. randomly随便地；D. lonely孤独的。结合作者的经历可知，作者一直勇敢自信地前行，历经困难，最终成功，所以此处表达自信地朝着梦想的方向前进，故选A。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. threatens威胁；B. agrees同意；C. attempts努力；试图；D. promises承诺。根据作者的求职经历可知，作者认定目标，努力付出，最终通过面试，获得工作。且由梭罗的话“to live the life which he had imagined”可知，此处指努力朝着想象的方式去生活，故选C。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在一个平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。A. unexpected意外的；B. unfinished未完成的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. unpractical不现实的。作者的求职经历与梭罗的名言相符，作者最后通过面试，获得成功，故此处表示只要付出努力，成功总是在一个意料不到的时候到来，故选A。 三、阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分） A 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A University Room Regulations Approved and Prohibited Items The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination. Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25. 51. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms? A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B. Wireless routers and radios. C. Hair dryers and candles. D. TVs and electric blankets. 52. What if a student is found to have told his combination to others? A. The combination should be changed. B. The Office should be charged. C. He should replace the door lock. D. He should check out of the room. 53. What do we know about the cooking policy? A. A microwave oven can be used. B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted. C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen. D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking. 54. If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____. A. parent visits B. a fine of $100 C. the Student Court D. a written notice 55. When can students enjoy a party in residences? A. 7:00 am, Sunday. B. 7:30 am, Thursday. C. 11:30 pm, Monday. D. 00:30 am, Saturday. 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. A 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学宿舍的规范：批准和禁止的项目、烹饪的政策、宠物政策等规定，让同学们严格遵守。。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.可知电视机和电热毯是允许使用的。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.可知如果发现学生与他人共享门锁组合，居住生活办公室可随时更换门锁组合，费用由居民承担。故选A。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.可知除了可以使用小的微波炉来加热食物外，不允许学生在房间里做饭，故小的微波炉是可以使用的。选A。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.可知，学生在接到书面通知一周之内，没有把宠物移走的，将被移交给学生法庭。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am.可知周六的安静时间是早上1点到8，故可以推断出答案。故选D。 B I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded. I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, “I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,” I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed. Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax. We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless. 56. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands? A. She wanted mom to read the news to her. B. She was anxious to know what had happened. C. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart. D. She couldn’t help but stop mom from reading. 57. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates ________. A. her unique way to locate herself B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D. her growing desire to know the world around her 58. What was the author’s view on factual reading? A. It would help her update test-taking skills. B. It would allow much room for free thinking. C. It would provide true and objective information. D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 59. The author takes novel reading as a way to ________. A. explore a fantasy land B. develop a passion for learning C. learn about the adult community D. get away from a confusing world 60. What could be the best title for the passage? A. The Magic of Reading B. The Pleasure of Reading C. Growing Up with Reading D. Reading Makes a Full Man 【答案】56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, “I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.可知，作者总是想知道妈妈在读什么，所以作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.可以推断出，作者让妈妈开车开慢一点是为了他能够读出所有路标，所以作者在阅读方面的进步显示他对周围世界的好奇心，故选D。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my test.可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选C。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.(打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。)可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，作者伴着阅读成长，故选项C为最佳标题。 C Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible in reality education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people’s brains constantly restore themselves, In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman studied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were making new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can change our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional ways like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness —a, characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should.” 61. What do some people think of aging adults? A. Their wisdom grows as time goes by. B. Their memory is gradually getting worse. C. They can benefit from late-in-life learning. D. They are likely to have mental health issues. 62. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding? A. Brain damage seriously prevents one’s learning. B. Brain power weakens slower than we imagine. C. Brains may refresh and improve with learning. D. Brains make connections under good physical conditions. 63. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks? A. Doing daily routines by conventional means. B. Avoiding worrying about our mental strength. C. Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks. D. Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways. 64. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function? A. Being curious and desiring knowledge. B. Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age. C. Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks. D. Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases 65. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power. B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory. C. Desiring new experiences can help to refresh the brain. D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only. 【答案】61. B 62. C 63. D 64. A 65. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关晚年学习对大脑的影响，以及它对改善脑功能的好处。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.(一些人说，衰老更像是走向健忘，而不是走向智慧的旅程)”可知，一些人认为衰老意味着记忆逐渐变差。故选B。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“their brains were making new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.(它们的大脑正在形成新的连接。这意味着每当人学习新的东西时，大脑可能会有所改变)”可知，Geoffrey Raisman的研究结果表明，大脑可以通过学习进行刷新和改善。故选C。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.(即使是像去杂货店走不同的路线或在度假时去新的地方这样简单的事情也能保持大脑健康）”可知，通过新颖的方式处理日常任务有助于维持大脑健康。故选D。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests.(对新生活挑战的渴望可以进一步提升智力。对从事新事业的老年人的研究表明，他们的功能和记忆力得到改善，患精神疾病的风险也降低了。开放性——一种由好奇心和对知识的渴望所定义的特质——亦可能帮助人们通过大脑测试)”可知，好奇和求知欲可以帮助改善脑功能。故选A。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. (虽然基因可以激发人们对新事物的兴趣，但2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的一项研究发现，完成谜题和数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新奇体验的渴望，而这反过来又能让大脑恢复活力)”可知，2012年《心理学与衰老》期刊的研究发现，渴望新体验有助于让大脑恢复活力。故选C。 D To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. Common sense is not all that common. Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse? These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity. Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,”the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.” And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good”even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth? 66. According to title passage, which of following seems the most human? A. To search for truth． B. To achieve one’s ideal C. To make fun of others’mistakes． D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 67. According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s maturity? A. Doing things his own way. B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes. C. Making as few mistakes as possible． D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing. 68. Which of the following isN0Tbased on common sense? A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company. B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather. C. A company’s next move follows a good plan． D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments． 69. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse? A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy. B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas. C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty. D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse. 70. What would be the best title for his passage? A. A Mirror of Human Nature B. To Blame or to Forgive C. A Mark of Maturity D. Truth or Excuse 【答案】66. D 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。作者从责备还是宽恕，常识还是非常识，真理还是借口三方面来体现人性的镜子。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。从引言后第一段倒数第三句话“The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.“（关于人性的起初说法是犯错是人，宽恕是神。这种说法映射出神应该宽恕别人的错误。而我们人正好相反，而是推卸责任，批评别人的错误。然而，对所犯的错事负责任就是成熟的标志。）所以D项是正确答案。而A项 寻求真理；B项 实现理想；C项 拿别人的错误开玩笑，文章中未提到。故选D。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。引言后第一段最后一句“ However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.”（然而，勇于承担错误带来的责任就是成熟的标志。）所以B项对；A项“随心所欲”；C项 “尽可能地少犯错”；D项“认真对待错误”，都不符合本文对犯错后的描述。选B。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。倒数第二段“Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything.”（常识似乎对于一个大的组织并不适合，因为有太多的事情要处理以至于一个人不可能负责全部工作。）所以A项 “一个人负责一个大公司的全部工作属于非常识” 。从“Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm”（常识告诉你，暴风雨时应该带把伞出门）得出B项正确。“Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. ”（有常识意味着有一个良好的总体计划，使事情顺利进行，它也意味着坚持计划。）得出C项和D项正确。故选A。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。从最后一段最后一句话“if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth? ”（如果好的借口是重要的，即使它是不诚实的，那么真理的地位又在哪里？）作者用了一个反问说明追求真理比寻找理由更为重要。得出D项是正确答案；C项一个好的借口和诚实一样的有价值 是错的；从“what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art?”（认为编一个好的理由就是在创造一件艺术品，这样的社会怎么了？）作者用了一个反问来对找理由的否认，可以推出A和B项错。故选D。 【70题详解】 主旨大意题。从全文来看，作者用三个引言导出人性这个话题，从责备还是宽恕，常识还是非常识，真理还是借口三方面来体现人性。所以选A“人性的镜子”; B 项和D项只是第二段和最后一段的段落大意，不能代表全文。C项是第二段的一个细节。选A。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$