2025届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷

2024学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研 英 语 试 卷 （时间105分钟，满分115分） 2025.4 考生注意： 1．本试卷共10页。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。 3．答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Stop Taking Bad Advice “Wait your turn.” “Stay in your lane.” “Fake it till you make it.” If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage (1) ______ (healthy) workplace norms. Understanding (2) ______ we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it. In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction (3) ______ ______ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, (4) ______ ______ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. A concept I (5) ______ (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. This anxiety keeps many of us silent, (6) ______ (lead) us to follow advice we do not trust. Every time we act on bad advice, we sacrifice (7) ______ — our time, our resources, or our confidence. Breaking the cycle of following bad advice doesn’t mean rejecting all guidance — it means learning to evaluate advice critically and match it to your goals and values. Here’s how to start: Pause before you act When (8) ______ (face) with advice, take a moment to assess it. Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it (9) ______ (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. Trust your expertise Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice (10) ______ they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. controlling B. practically C. sort D. litter E. claimed F. diet G. inefficient H. revolutionary I. commercial J. reborn K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as (11) ______. A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and (12) ______ this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start (13) ______ operations this year in northeast England. It can, (14) ______, take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially (15) ______ the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and (16) ______, with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “(17) ______” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”. In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its (18) ______ of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be (19) ______ as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than (20) ______. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be __21__ for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are __22__. Whether the compliment is effective in __23__ the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not __24__ with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your __25__, because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they __26__ it. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its __27__. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate __28__. Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re __29__ a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true __30__ and is simply praising you to make a sale. The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for __31__ your intelligence. Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative __32__. An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low __33__ on the praise. Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past __34__ (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”). In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were __35__, but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed. 21. A. universal B. efficient C. heartfelt D. comforting 22. A. showered B. preferred C. emphasized D. misinterpreted 23. A. stretching B. persuading C. uplifting D. understanding 24. A. conflict B. compete C. associate D. agree 25. A. crafts B. vision C. motives D. competence 26. A. discount B. defend C. reverse D. receive 27. A. image B. market C. status D. object 28. A. manner B. purchase C. order D. context 29. A. putting off B. leaning toward C. turning down D. pushing through 30. A. qualities B. intentions C. potentials D. tendencies 31. A. overestimating B. grading C. suspecting D. developing 32. A. comment B. equivalent C. impression D. standard 33. A. quantity B. profile C. ceiling D. reputation 34. A. draft B. anticipation C. trend D. failure 35. A. deliberate B. positive C. distressing D. specific Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On a sunny Sunday morning, I went to my first ballet class. But I didn’t do any dancing. This was Class on Stage, a rare opportunity to watch dancers warm up during their daily 75-minute class. I went in knowing that I would be impressed by the physicality of it. Top athletes aren’t born; they’re made.  Forty-five minutes into the class, the dancers didn’t even look tired. While watching dancers quietly plie (下蹲屈膝) with complete control was calming, watching the floor exercises that came next was anything but. The sequences were short but became increasingly complicated, so I stopped paying attention to the directions I couldn’t follow, and simply allowed myself to observe the remarkable results. At the end of the class, I applauded and watched the dancers leave the stage. They had already accomplished so much with their day, and I was left in complete awe, not just of my inadequacy, but also of their effort. As I headed home I tried to think of the last time I worked as hard as those dancers at anything in my own life. So much has been made easier by technology: I can listen to any song I want, whenever I want. I can have pretty much anything delivered. I can stay in touch with friends without making the time to see them. But instead of taking shortcuts, maybe I should look for challenges. Because once you start doing hard things, they become easier, and then you know you can do them. With the determination and discipline of ballet dancers still fresh in my mind, I commit to doing some hard things: I get back in the habit of practicing a language I’ve been trying to learn. I lift heavier weights. I take the stairs. I write the essay. Nothing demands as much of me as what ballet demands of those dancers every day. They inspire me. So, I guess what I’m trying to say is that sometimes a fitness class can change your life, even if you’re not the one taking it. 36. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the ballet class is TRUE? A. The writer learned a lot of ballet moves. B. The floor exercises calmed the writer down. C. Despite the physicality, the dancers didn’t look tired. D. The dancers did their warm-up for 45 minutes that day. 37. At the end of the class, how did the writer feel? A. She felt impressed by the dancers’ efforts. B. She felt ashamed of her lack of willpower. C. She felt confident of overcoming life’s challenges. D. She felt regretful about not trying hard enough at ballet. 38. By mentioning the technology that has made life easier, the writer means that ______. A. modern technology is to blame for people’s taking shortcuts B. technology can help people work better and more efficiently C. people should avoid using technology to enjoy the simplicity of life D. technology offers us shortcuts, which prevents us from seeking challenges 39. What has the writer learned from her first ballet lesson? A. We need to push ourselves forward by looking for challenges. B. Hard things are worth trying as long as you enjoy doing them. C. Fitness classes can make people physically and mentally strong. D. Watching others practice ballet is a good way to improve ourselves. (B) The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you think A healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effects Medicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain.  The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitate In 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant.  Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 40. Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A. The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B. The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C. The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D. The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 41. Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A. Economic development enables people to live longer. B. People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C. A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D. Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 42. By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ______. A. side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B. the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C. the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D. the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works (C) Last year, Roche, a Swiss drug company, published a review of the clinical trials on neurological drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that trial organisers are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias that sets back the safety and effect of medical treatments. Many trials exclude certain groups, and do so deliberately — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. ____________ A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋部骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some level of cognitive disorder. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face an envious choice: prescribe anyway, with uncertain results; or deny their patients new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities or dementia (痴呆). Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. And some groups mistrust doctors because of a history of mistreatment, which makes it harder to involve them in the trial. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because they may lead to new medical insights. Running trials on people who are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s, such as those with Down’s syndrome, might help researchers test whether their drugs work preventively. Something like that happened with the Dallas Heart Study in the 2000s. As a large piece of epidemiological research, it included an racially representative sample of people and found a genetic variant in some African-Americans which was related to 40% lower bad cholesterol (胆固醇). That gene is now one of the foremost drug targets in the fight against cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. Almost half of trial participants in America are now women (in the rest of the world it is still only 40%). America and Britain look likely to publish regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to involve them. 43. According to the review, what is the current problem with clinical trials? A. They target specific groups while excluding some people. B. They test for side effects of the drugs, so they are not useful enough. C. They are not suitable for every patient because of their physical conditions. D. They don’t produce safe or effective results, thus discouraging lots of people. 44. Which sentence best fits the blank in paragraph 3? A. Yet the consequences can be ridiculous. B. However, it is happening for good reasons. C. Therefore, it brings convenience to doctors. D. Moreover, the groups can enjoy better treatments. 45. In the example of the Dallas Heart Study, what does “something like that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A. Running trials on the target patients can help researchers. B. Broadening the range of trials’ participants avoids mistreatments. C. Testing the effectiveness of the drug helps prevent certain diseases. D. Involving a wider range of participants in trials leads to new medical insights. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. There will be no bias in clinical testing very soon. B. Women used to be under-represented in clinical trials. C. Regulations on subjects in clinical trials have come into effect. D. Clinical trials are increasingly improving, thus attracting women. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Comparatively, more people are killed by livestock (牲口). B. The hunting for wolves has initiated long-lasting debates among researchers and policymakers. C. This is despite the fact that attacks on livestock have declined sharply while wolf numbers have increased. D. We should stay alert to occasional wolf attacks on humans. E. So why can’t we be as sympathetic and enlightened about predator conservation as they are? F. There’s no denying that wolves occasionally attack livestock. Europe’s War on Predators (食肉动物): A Misguided Approach We Europeans are incapable of living alongside predators. We expect people in Africa and Asia to share their homes with lions, tigers, Komodo dragons and a host of other potentially dangerous animals without question. ____47____ Wolves in Europe, for example, are under the spotlight. Following reintroductions and careful protection, there are now 21,500 of these awesome animals across the continent. But as numbers increase, there is a rising tide of opposition. Even Switzerland is undergoing an effort to eliminate 70 per cent of its wolf population (currently 300 animals in 32 packs). ____48____ The Norwegian government, meanwhile, seems determined to limit its wolf population to just a few breeding pairs — which it says is enough to keep them from extinction. More accurately, it will push them to the edge of extinction. ____49____ But there are tried-and-tested ways of reducing the problem: boosting the availability of natural prey, electric fencing and the use of guard dogs among them. Many countries even have “wolf administrators”, who help farmers to protect their stock, and there is generous compensation for any predation. They’re not dangerous to people, either. According to the European Commission’s own 2023 investigative report on wolf attacks, “although wolves can attack humans, no fatal wolf attacks on people have been recorded in the past 40 years”. ____50____ There is a bigger picture here. Predators earn their keep through wildlife tourism and they are keystone species vital in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. It’s not all about farmers and hunters. There has to be some middle ground. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Are Big Cities Overrated? Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. Metropolises such as London and New York are overcrowded, with house prices to match. Across the world, 25% of people live in cities of over a million, up from just 15% six decades ago. Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”, the consequence of so many people living in close quarters. For one thing, government and businesses can run more efficiently: scale helps everything from public transport to the hiring of staff. For another, finding the next big idea is easier when like-minded people crowd together. Although London makes up 15% of Britain’s population, it accounts for 22% of its economic output. But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew Turner and David Weil, both of Brown University, suggests. Their analysis applies existing estimates of the impact of agglomeration on economic efficiency and the pace of invention to a model of the American economy. This allows the researchers to answer a question: how different would America look if, from 1900 to 2010, no urban area had grown to a population of more than 1 million people? According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit: the researchers estimate that America’s total output would have been 8% lower in 2010 than it was in reality. As Mr. Weil puts it: “Without big cities, we would still have modern life as we know it.” There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. In September, for instance, Eric Adams, New York’s mayor, organized a “National Urban Rat Summit”, as part of his “war on rats”. It’s evident that big cities don’t just offer growth; they come with their own sets of drawbacks and challenges as well. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．不少中国留学生选择学成后回国追逐梦想，报效祖国。 (serve) 53. 丰收的秋日里，古镇上家家户户晒起一串串黄澄澄的玉米。(expose) 54．听说那幅水墨画将被送去国外展览，市民在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙，想在展品出国之前来欣赏一下。(It) 55. 随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，学校英文报以“永恒的中国魅力”（The Timeless Charm of China）为主题，面向全校学生征集向外国人士宣传中国传统节日的活动方案，请你投稿，稿件内容必须包含： （1）以一个中国传统节日为例，简要罗列宣传活动的安排； （2）详细阐述如何通过这样的活动安排来彰显中国魅力。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） 高三英语 第 6 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高三英语 第 1 页 共 10 页 2024学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研 英 语 试 卷 （时间 105 分钟，满分 115 分） 2025.4 考生注意： 1．本试卷共 10 页。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂 写准考证号。 3．答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Stop Taking Bad Advice “Wait your turn.” “Stay in your lane.” “Fake it till you make it.” If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage (1) ______ (healthy) workplace norms. Understanding (2) ______ we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it. In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction (3) ______ ______ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, (4) ______ ______ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. A concept I (5) ______ (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. This anxiety keeps many of us silent, (6) ______ (lead) us to follow advice we do not trust. Every time we act on bad advice, we sacrifice (7) ______ — our time, our resources, or our confidence. Breaking the cycle of following bad advice doesn’t mean rejecting all guidance — it means learning to evaluate advice critically and match it to your goals and values. Here’s how to start: Pause before you act When (8) ______ (face) with advice, take a moment to assess it. 高三英语 第 2 页 共 10 页 Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it (9) ______ (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. Trust your expertise Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice (10) ______ they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. controlling B. practically C. sort D. litter E. claimed F. diet G. inefficient H. revolutionary I. commercial J. reborn K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as (11) ______. A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and (12) ______ this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start (13) ______ operations this year in northeast England. It can, (14) ______, take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially (15) ______ the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and (16) ______, with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “(17) ______” because it “has the potential to help 高三英语 第 3 页 共 10 页 eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”. In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its (18) ______ of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be (19) ______ as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than (20) ______. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be __21__ for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are __22__. Whether the compliment is effective in __23__ the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not __24__ with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your __25__, because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they __26__ it. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its __27__. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate __28__. Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re __29__ a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true __30__ and is simply praising you to make a sale. The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for __31__ your intelligence. Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative __32__. An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low __33__ on the praise. 高三英语 第 4 页 共 10 页 Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past __34__ (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”). In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were __35__, but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed. 21. A. universal B. efficient C. heartfelt D. comforting 22. A. showered B. preferred C. emphasized D. misinterpreted 23. A. stretching B. persuading C. uplifting D. understanding 24. A. conflict B. compete C. associate D. agree 25. A. crafts B. vision C. motives D. competence 26. A. discount B. defend C. reverse D. receive 27. A. image B. market C. status D. object 28. A. manner B. purchase C. order D. context 29. A. putting off B. leaning toward C. turning down D. pushing through 30. A. qualities B. intentions C. potentials D. tendencies 31. A. overestimating B. grading C. suspecting D. developing 32. A. comment B. equivalent C. impression D. standard 33. A. quantity B. profile C. ceiling D. reputation 34. A. draft B. anticipation C. trend D. failure 35. A. deliberate B. positive C. distressing D. specific Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On a sunny Sunday morning, I went to my first ballet class. But I didn’t do any dancing. This was Class on Stage, a rare opportunity to watch dancers warm up during their daily 75-minute class. I went in knowing that I would be impressed by the physicality of it. Top athletes aren’t born; they’re made. Forty-five minutes into the class, the dancers didn’t even look tired. While watching dancers quietly plie (下蹲屈膝) with complete control was calming, watching the floor exercises that came next was anything but. The sequences were short but became increasingly complicated, so I stopped paying attention to the directions I couldn’t follow, and simply allowed myself to observe the remarkable results. At the end of the class, I applauded and watched the dancers leave the stage. They had already accomplished so much with their day, and I was left in complete awe, not just of my inadequacy, but 高三英语 第 5 页 共 10 页 also of their effort. As I headed home I tried to think of the last time I worked as hard as those dancers at anything in my own life. So much has been made easier by technology: I can listen to any song I want, whenever I want. I can have pretty much anything delivered. I can stay in touch with friends without making the time to see them. But instead of taking shortcuts, maybe I should look for challenges. Because once you start doing hard things, they become easier, and then you know you can do them. With the determination and discipline of ballet dancers still fresh in my mind, I commit to doing some hard things: I get back in the habit of practicing a language I’ve been trying to learn. I lift heavier weights. I take the stairs. I write the essay. Nothing demands as much of me as what ballet demands of those dancers every day. They inspire me. So, I guess what I’m trying to say is that sometimes a fitness class can change your life, even if you’re not the one taking it. 36. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the ballet class is TRUE? A. The writer learned a lot of ballet moves. B. The floor exercises calmed the writer down. C. Despite the physicality, the dancers didn’t look tired. D. The dancers did their warm-up for 45 minutes that day. 37. At the end of the class, how did the writer feel? A. She felt impressed by the dancers’ efforts. B. She felt ashamed of her lack of willpower. C. She felt confident of overcoming life’s challenges. D. She felt regretful about not trying hard enough at ballet. 38. By mentioning the technology that has made life easier, the writer means that ______. A. modern technology is to blame for people’s taking shortcuts B. technology can help people work better and more efficiently C. people should avoid using technology to enjoy the simplicity of life D. technology offers us shortcuts, which prevents us from seeking challenges 39. What has the writer learned from her first ballet lesson? A. We need to push ourselves forward by looking for challenges. B. Hard things are worth trying as long as you enjoy doing them. C. Fitness classes can make people physically and mentally strong. D. Watching others practice ballet is a good way to improve ourselves. 高三英语 第 6 页 共 10 页 (B) The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you think A healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effects Medicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain. The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitate In 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant. Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 40. Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A. The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B. The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C. The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D. The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 高三英语 第 7 页 共 10 页 41. Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A. Economic development enables people to live longer. B. People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C. A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D. Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 42. By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ______. A. side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B. the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C. the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D. the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works (C) Last year, Roche, a Swiss drug company, published a review of the clinical trials on neurological drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that trial organisers are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias that sets back the safety and effect of medical treatments. Many trials exclude certain groups, and do so deliberately — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. ____________ A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋 部骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some level of cognitive disorder. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face an envious choice: prescribe anyway, with uncertain results; or deny their patients new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities or dementia (痴呆). Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. And some groups mistrust doctors because of a history of mistreatment, which makes it harder to involve them in the trial. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because they may lead to new medical insights. Running trials on people who are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s, such as those with Down’s syndrome, might help researchers test whether their drugs work preventively. Something like that happened with the Dallas Heart Study in the 2000s. As a large piece of epidemiological research, it included an racially representative sample of people and found a genetic variant in some African-Americans which was related to 40% lower bad cholesterol (胆固醇). That gene is now one of the foremost drug targets in the fight against cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. Almost half of trial participants in America are now women (in the rest of the world it is still only 40%). America and Britain look likely to publish regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to involve them. 高三英语 第 8 页 共 10 页 43. According to the review, what is the current problem with clinical trials? A. They target specific groups while excluding some people. B. They test for side effects of the drugs, so they are not useful enough. C. They are not suitable for every patient because of their physical conditions. D. They don’t produce safe or effective results, thus discouraging lots of people. 44. Which sentence best fits the blank in paragraph 3? A. Yet the consequences can be ridiculous. B. However, it is happening for good reasons. C. Therefore, it brings convenience to doctors. D. Moreover, the groups can enjoy better treatments. 45. In the example of the Dallas Heart Study, what does “something like that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A. Running trials on the target patients can help researchers. B. Broadening the range of trials’ participants avoids mistreatments. C. Testing the effectiveness of the drug helps prevent certain diseases. D. Involving a wider range of participants in trials leads to new medical insights. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. There will be no bias in clinical testing very soon. B. Women used to be under-represented in clinical trials. C. Regulations on subjects in clinical trials have come into effect. D. Clinical trials are increasingly improving, thus attracting women. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Comparatively, more people are killed by livestock (牲口). B. The hunting for wolves has initiated long-lasting debates among researchers and policymakers. C. This is despite the fact that attacks on livestock have declined sharply while wolf numbers have increased. D. We should stay alert to occasional wolf attacks on humans. E. So why can’t we be as sympathetic and enlightened about predator conservation as they are? F. There’s no denying that wolves occasionally attack livestock. 高三英语 第 9 页 共 10 页 Europe’s War on Predators (食肉动物): A Misguided Approach We Europeans are incapable of living alongside predators. We expect people in Africa and Asia to share their homes with lions, tigers, Komodo dragons and a host of other potentially dangerous animals without question. ____47____ Wolves in Europe, for example, are under the spotlight. Following reintroductions and careful protection, there are now 21,500 of these awesome animals across the continent. But as numbers increase, there is a rising tide of opposition. Even Switzerland is undergoing an effort to eliminate 70 per cent of its wolf population (currently 300 animals in 32 packs). ____48____ The Norwegian government, meanwhile, seems determined to limit its wolf population to just a few breeding pairs — which it says is enough to keep them from extinction. More accurately, it will push them to the edge of extinction. ____49____ But there are tried-and-tested ways of reducing the problem: boosting the availability of natural prey, electric fencing and the use of guard dogs among them. Many countries even have “wolf administrators”, who help farmers to protect their stock, and there is generous compensation for any predation. They’re not dangerous to people, either. According to the European Commission’s own 2023 investigative report on wolf attacks, “although wolves can attack humans, no fatal wolf attacks on people have been recorded in the past 40 years”. ____50____ There is a bigger picture here. Predators earn their keep through wildlife tourism and they are keystone species vital in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. It’s not all about farmers and hunters. There has to be some middle ground. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Are Big Cities Overrated? Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. Metropolises such as London and New York are overcrowded, with house prices to match. Across the world, 25% of people live in cities of over a million, up from just 15% six decades ago. Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”, the consequence of so many people living in close quarters. For one thing, government and businesses can run more efficiently: scale helps everything from public transport to the hiring of staff. For another, finding the next big idea is easier when like-minded people crowd together. Although London makes up 15% of Britain’s population, it accounts for 22% of its economic output. But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew Turner and David Weil, both of Brown University, suggests. Their analysis applies existing 高三英语 第 10 页 共 10 页 estimates of the impact of agglomeration on economic efficiency and the pace of invention to a model of the American economy. This allows the researchers to answer a question: how different would America look if, from 1900 to 2010, no urban area had grown to a population of more than 1 million people? According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit: the researchers estimate that America’s total output would have been 8% lower in 2010 than it was in reality. As Mr. Weil puts it: “Without big cities, we would still have modern life as we know it.” There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. In September, for instance, Eric Adams, New York’s mayor, organized a “National Urban Rat Summit”, as part of his “war on rats”. It’s evident that big cities don’t just offer growth; they come with their own sets of drawbacks and challenges as well. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．不少中国留学生选择学成后回国追逐梦想，报效祖国。 (serve) 53. 丰收的秋日里，古镇上家家户户晒起一串串黄澄澄的玉米。(expose) 54．听说那幅水墨画将被送去国外展览，市民在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙，想在展品出国之前来 欣赏一下。(It) 55. 随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有 望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，学校英文报以“永恒的中国魅力”（The Timeless Charm of China）为主题，面向全校学生征集向外国人士宣传中国传统节日的活动方案，请你投稿，稿件 内容必须包含： （1）以一个中国传统节日为例，简要罗列宣传活动的安排； （2）详细阐述如何通过这样的活动安排来彰显中国魅力。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） 2024学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷 答案和评分标准 I Grammar 1. less healthy 2. why/how 3. rather than/ instead of 4. even if/even though 5. have researched/am researching/ have been researching 6. leading 7. something 8. faced 9. was holding/had held 10. that/which Vocabulary 11-20 DCIKA GHFJE II 21-35 DBCAC ADDBA BDCDB 36-39 CADA 40-42 CCD 43-46 AADB 47-50 ECFA III. Summary writing People increasingly live in big cities. While economists praise cities for offering agglomeration benefits like efficiency and innovation, a new study suggests their economic impact is overstated. Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower, and modern life still exists. Cities have drawbacks like rat problems. IV. Translation 52. Many Chinese overseas students choose to return to their homeland after graduation to pursue their dreams and serve the country. 53. Every household in the ancient town exposes strings of golden corn to the sun in a fruitful autumn. 54. It is heard that the ink painting will be sent abroad for exhibition, so citizens wait in a long queue in front of the gallery hall to appreciate the masterpiece before its departure. 55. As an increasing number of people long for nature and embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles, the outdoor economy prospers in that county, whose income is expected to take up 12 percent of the total income of the county by the end of next year. 3 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$