精品解析：广东省深圳实验学校高中部2024-2025学年高一下学期第一阶段考试英语试卷

深圳实验学校高中部2024-2025学年度第二学期第一阶段考试 高一英语 时间：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力理解 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man complain about? A. The long wait. B. The terrible food. C. The noisy environment. 2. What are the speakers currently about to do? A. Walk onto a stage. B. Learn to play the drums. C. Make an announcement to a crowd. 3. When is Grandpa's birthday? A. On May 6. B. On May 7. C. On May 8. 4. What industry does the woman hope to work in? A. Travel. B. Finance. C. Medicine. 5. What do we know about the speakers? A. They are not allowed to go on holiday. B. They never had a holiday on their own before. C. They went on holiday without telling her parents. 第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6至7 题。 6. What is the man doing? A. Driving a car. B. Repairing a car. C. Borrowing a car. 7. How does the man sound in the end? A. Confused. B. Hesitant. C. Confident. 听第7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. What's the woman's problem? A. She lost her key. B. Her rented flat was leaking. C. Her bathroom was flooded. 9. What will the man do next? A. Get the woman a spare key. B. Drive the woman to school. C. Have the problem settled. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A healthy lifestyle. B. An eco-team. C. An environmentalist. 11. What does the man always do? A. He cycles to college. B. He eats green food. C. He reuses old plastic bags. 12. What does the woman suggest doing this weekend? A. Shopping downtown. B. Joining Helen's team. C. Going to a market. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15 题。 13. Why did the speaker learn Arabic? A. She wanted to study in Cairo. B. She was inspired by her teacher. C. She became interested in the culture. 14. What is the biggest challenge for the speaker? A. Suffering from culture shock. B. Finding a hotel and accommodation. C. Mastering written and spoken Arabic. 15. What excites the speaker most? A. Being invited to a local meal. B. Shopping at a local market. C. Getting to know the locals. 第二部分 单项选择 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. The museum will exhibit varieties of vases _________ from all over the world, _________ historical value have been widely debated. A. collected; which B. collected; whose C. Having collected; whose D. to be collected; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：这个博物馆将展出从世界各地收集的各种花瓶，这些花瓶的历史价值一直备受争议。句中谓语是will exhibit，第一空用非谓语动词，vases和collect之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词表被动，作后置定语；第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词vases和historical value之间是所属关系，因此第二空用表所属的关系代词whose，故选B。 2. The club chairman, __________ the members thought to be trustworthy, has just disappeared with the club’s money. A. whom B. of which C. when D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：俱乐部主席，成员们原本认为他是值得信赖的，刚刚带着俱乐部的钱消失了。此处考查非限定性定语从句，先行词是The club chairman，指人，在从句中作 thought 的宾语，所以用关系代词 whom，故选A 项。 3. The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A. has studied; didn’t find B. studied; haven’t found C. has been studying; haven’t found D. had studied; hadn’t found 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究团队从去年开始就一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，但他们还没有发现任何结果。第一个空，根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处表示从去年开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能继续持续下去，因此应用现在完成进行时，即has been studying，表示研究团队从去年开始一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，强调动作的延续性。第二个空，根据“yet”可知，此处表示到目前为止还没有发现任何结果，应用现在完成时，即haven’t found。故选C。 4. By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A. submit B. had submitted C. were submitting D. have submitted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到老师收论文时，大多数学生已经将草稿提交到了在线平台。根据从句By the time the teacher asked for the essays可知，主句动作发生在“asked”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选B。 5. The report warns against _________ to too much screen time, which may lead to irreversible damage to teenagers’ eyesight. A. being exposed B. exposing C. exposed D. to expose 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这份报告警告不要长时间暴露在屏幕前，这可能会对青少年的视力造成不可逆的损害。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配warn against doing sth，意为“警告不要做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式，且此处expose“使接触；使暴露”与逻辑主语teenagers之间为被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式being exposed，表示“被暴露于……，接触到……”。故选A。 6. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches. A. seating B. to seat C. being seated D. seated 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：销售活动通常在屋外进行，观众坐在长凳上。seat是及物动词，常用结构是“seat oneself”或“be seated”，表示“使某人就座”或“某人坐着”的状态。本题考查with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语” 的结构。所以空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。audience与seat之间是被动关系，即“观众被使就座”，所以用过去分词作宾补。故选D。 7. _________ enough time, the students would have avoided _________ so many mistakes in their essays. A. To give; having made B. Having given; make C. Given; making D. Giving; to make 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词和动名词。句意：如果有足够的时间，学生们就可以避免在论文中犯这么多错误。句中谓语是would have avoided，第一空用非谓语动词，the students和give之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写；avoid doing sth.是固定短语，意为“避免做某事”，因此空格处用动名词making作宾语，故选C。 8. With multiple journals _________ the latest findings, Dr. Smith is confident that his research _________ in a top-tier publication. A. to feature; is included B. featuring; will be included C. having featured; has been included D. featured; was included 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态语态。句意：由于多家期刊都刊登了最新发现，史密斯博士相信他的研究成果会被收录在一流出版物上。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，feature“以……为特色，刊登”和宾语journals之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行，所以应用现在分词featuring作宾语补足语；第二空中，that引导的宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，include和主语his research之间为被动关系，且根据语境“相信他的研究成果会被收录”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态will be included。故选B。 9. Time slipped off before he knew it but he managed to finish off his job to meet the deadline ______. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：时间不知不觉地溜走了，但他还是在最后期限前完成了工作。A. at first最初；B. after all毕竟；终于；C. above all最重要的是；D. at random随机地。此处表示“虽然时间不知不觉地溜走了，但他终于还是在最后期限前完成了工作”。故选B项。 10. The local government _________ a new strategy to protect endangered species by limiting industrial activities in natural reserves. A. adopts B. adapts C. restores D. releases 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地政府采取了一项新策略，通过限制自然保护区的工业活动来保护濒危物种。A. adopts采用、采纳；B. adapts使适应、改编；C. restores恢复、修复；D. releases释放、发布。根据“to protect endangered species by limiting industrial activities in natural reserves.”可知，当地政府为了保护濒危物种采用了新策略。故选A。 11. The sudden _________ of three team members during the final rehearsal caused the drama performance to fall behind other classes. A. movement B. transfer C. revenge D. absence 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最后的排练中，突然有三位组员缺席，导致话剧表演落后于其他班级。A. movement活动；运动；B. transfer转移；调任；C. revenge报仇；报复；D. absence缺席。根据“caused the drama performance to fall behind other classes.”可知，三名成员突然不在，使得表演受影响。故选D。 12. She practiced dancing every day for months, yet her attempts to win the contest were __________. A. in detail B. in advance C. in vain D. in general 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她连续几个月每天练习跳舞，但她想赢得比赛的努力都白费了。A. in detail详细地；B. in advance提前；预先；C. in vain徒然；白费；D. in general大体上；一般来说；通常。根据“She practiced dancing every day for months,”和转折词yet可知，她的努力都白费了。故选C。 13. The economic crisis was a big blow to the world, but most small businesses _________ by cutting unnecessary costs. A. got around B. got off C. got across D. got through 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经济危机对世界是一个巨大的打击，但大多数小企业通过削减不必要的成本挺了过来。A. got around规避、解决（问题）；B. got off下车；C. got across传达（观点）；D. got through渡过（难关）；熬过。根据句意，经济危机时，大多数小企业通过削减不必要的成本挺了过来。所以空格处需填入表示“渡过危机”的短语got through。故选D。 14. My parents want me to _________ but now I still want to set off for a new adventure. A. settle down B. drop by C. live on D. work out 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我父母想让我安定下来，但现在我还是想开始新的冒险。A. settle down安定下来；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. live on以……为生；D. work out解决，锻炼。but表示转折，根据后文“but now I still want to set off for a new adventure”可知，父母希望我安定下来（settle down），而“我”仍想冒险。故选A。 15. My little brother looks up to me. I need to be a good role model and never _________. A. turn him down B. let him down C. make him up D. help him out 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的弟弟很尊敬我。我需要成为一个好榜样，永远不要让他失望。A. turn him down拒绝他；B. let him down让他失望；C. make him up给他化妆；D. help him out帮助他摆脱（困境）。我弟弟尊敬我，因此我要成为一个好榜样可知，避免让他失望，所以let him down最符合语境。故选B。 第三部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A July is just around the corner. As you look forward to travelling or having your holidays to the beach, an outdoor theatre may also be a good choice. There are plenty of outdoor theatres to choose from across the UK. Storyhouse Theatre, Chester Every year in July, Storyhouse theatre builds an entire amphitheatre (圆形剧场) in Grosvenor Park. This year sees an eclectic trio: The Gangs of New York, The Importance of Being Earnest and The Wizard of Oz. You will be most excited by the first: a new adaptation written by Kieran Lynn and directed by John Young. Thorington Theatre, Suffolk Opening in 2021, Thorington is built in a natural amphitheatre hidden in the Suffolk woodlands. This year’s programme includes some family favourites such as Teddy Bear’s Picnic and The Little Mermaid, as well as Shakespeare’s The Tempest and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Minack Theatre, Cornwall Built into a cliff face in Porthcurno, you hardly need an excuse to visit this theatre. It will be an unforgettable experience. This year sees touring productions of Little Shop of Horrors, The Massive Tragedy of Madame Bovary among other things. If you want a show particularly fitting for this unique surrounding, check out The Pirates of Penzance playing in September. Pitlochry Festival Theatre, Highland Perthshire Throughout most of the year, the Pitlochry Festival Theatre’s indoor auditorium and studio serve as their regular performance spaces. But in summer, you can see equally lavish productions at the amphitheatre, nestled in the woods and overlooking Ben-Y-Vrackie mountain. This year they’ll be staging Dido and Aeneas, and The Secret Garden, the perfect story for this lush garden stage. 16. What do the theatres have in common? A. They offer outdoor activities. B. They are built in woodlands. C. They are only open in summer. D. They put on open-air performances. 17. In which of the following can you enjoy a Shakespeare play? A. Storyhouse theatre. B. Thorington Theatre. C. Minack Theatre. D. Pitlochry Festival Theatre. 18. What do you think of the plays staged in Minack Theatre? A. Peaceful. B. Family-friendly. C. Thrilling. D. Humorous. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个户外剧场。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As you look forward to travelling or having your holidays to the beach, an outdoor theatre may also be a good choice. (当你期待在海滩上旅行或度假时，户外剧院也可能是一个不错的选择。)”可知，这些剧场都是户外剧院，所以他们都会进行露天表演，故选D项。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Thorington Theatre, Suffolk下的“This year’s programme includes some family favourites such as Teddy Bear’s Picnic and The Little Mermaid, as well as Shakespeare’s The Tempest and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. (今年的节目包括一些家庭喜爱的节目，如《泰迪熊的野餐》和《小美人鱼》，以及莎士比亚的《暴风雨》和《仲夏夜之梦》。)”可知，在Thorington Theatre可以欣赏到莎士比亚的戏剧，故选B项。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据小标题Minack Theatre, Cornwall下的“Built into a cliff face in Porthcurno, you hardly need an excuse to visit this theatre. It will be an unforgettable experience. This year sees touring productions of Little Shop of Horrors, The Massive Tragedy of Madame Bovary among other things. If you want a show particularly fitting for this unique surrounding, check out The Pirates of Penzance playing in September.(这座剧院建在Porthcurno的悬崖上，你几乎不需要任何借口来参观。这将是一次难忘的经历。今年有《恐怖小店》、《包法利夫人的巨大悲剧》等巡回演出。如果你想看一场特别适合这个独特环境的演出，可以看看9月份的《彭赞斯海盗》。)”可知，Minack Theatre建在Porthcurno的悬崖上，上演诸如《恐怖小店》、《包法利夫人的巨大悲剧》和《彭赞斯海盗》等戏剧，比较令人刺激。故选C项。 B By the middle of the last decade, I had been studying Indian Butterflies for over 20 years. However, I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat. So, in 2015, I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies. My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016, then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018. For these visits, I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion. I covered some of the well-known locations. Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species. By trickling streams and wet areas, we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings, along with numerous Meadowblues, all part of the Blues family. In alpine meadows, countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about. More than once, I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow, and chase after it, only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away. Once, I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes, managing only a few photos before it disappeared. Another time, I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow. I spent half an hour chasing them, only for them to fly away each time. Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation, I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers” — species I encountered for the very first time. These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the “Journal of Threatened Taxa.” In addition to this, І partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh, with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity. This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region, while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems. 19. Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh? A. To survey butterflies at high altitudes. B. To search for butterfly habitats. C. To carry out a travel schedule. D. To recommend tourist attractions. 20. Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies? A. Challenging and fascinating. B. Scary and exciting. C. Embarrassing and amusing. D. Dangerous and interesting. 21. What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet? A. To document insect species in India. B. To encourage eco-aware exploration. C. To promote local tourism in Ladakh. D. To compare butterfly research findings. 22. What is the best title for the text? A. Uniqueness of Butterflies B. A Fascinating Journey C. Biodiversity in Ladakh D. A Fluttering Discovery 【答案】19. A 20. A 21. B 22. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶，描述了追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat. So, in 2015, I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.(然而，我从未在高海拔的跨喜马拉雅栖息地观察过蝴蝶。所以，在2015年，我决定去拉达克寻找蝴蝶)”可知，作者决定访问拉达克是为了在高海拔地区观察蝴蝶。故选A。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“More than once, I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow, and chase after it, only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away. Once, I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes, managing only a few photos before it disappeared. Another time, I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow. I spent half an hour chasing them, only for them to fly away each time.(不止一次，我发现一只白色或黄色的蝴蝶飞过草地，就去追它，结果发现自己在拉达克稀薄的空气中上气不接下气，而蝴蝶却优雅地飞走了。有一次，我追了一只巴特勒矮蝴蝶15分钟，在它消失之前只拍了几张照片。还有一次，我在高山草地上发现了几十只云黄蝴蝶。我花了半个小时追它们，结果它们每次都飞走了)”可知，追逐蝴蝶很费力，具有挑战性；根据第四段“Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation, I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers” — species I encountered for the very first time. These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the “Journal of Threatened Taxa.”(在多次前往拉达克观察蝴蝶的过程中，我有机会拍摄了40多种“生命生物”——我第一次遇到的物种。这些发现为该领域增加了宝贵的知识，并在《濒危分类群杂志》上发表了两篇研究论文)”可知，作者第一次遇到了舞蝶物种，增加了宝贵知识，说明过程很有吸引力。故作者追逐蝴蝶的过程具有挑战性和吸引力。故选A。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In addition to this, І partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh, with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.(除此之外，我还与雪豹保护协会合作，制作了一本小册子，展示了在拉达克发现的50种蝴蝶，目的是提高人们的意识，并将观赏蝴蝶作为一项独特而可持续的活动)”可知，作者制作小册子的目的是鼓励生态探索。故选B。 【22题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016, then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018.(我第一次“蝴蝶飞舞”访问拉达克是在2016年6月，然后是同年7月，接着是2018年8月)”结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶，描述了追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。D选项“翩翩飞舞的发现”最符合文章标题，故选D。 C Lionfish certainly aren’t the fastest predators (捕食性动物) at sea, but new research suggests that they can catch swift prey in an unhurried way, moving slowly in pursuit until the perfect moment to strike. “The finding may help explain part of the lionfish’s impact as an invasive (入侵的) species, and reveals a hunting approach that other relatively slow predators use,” researchers said. Born with brightly coloured stripes, lionfish often use coral reefs (珊瑚礁) as a protection and remain unnoticed long enough to follow and attack small fish. But the predators also feed in open water where they’re more visible. Curious about how these slow swimmers hunt in plain view, Asheley Peterson, a professor at the University of California, and her colleagues placed some red lionfish in a tank and recorded them as they chased down the green chromis, a kind of small reef fish. In 14 of the 23 experiments, the lionfish successfully swallowed their prey. They also captured the chromis in 74 percent of the experiments where the lionfish made attempts to strike. On average, chromis swam about twice as fast as lionfish. But chromis still fell victim to the way lionfish hunted — lionfish swim towards chromis, aiming for the prey’s current position. “If they’re interested in something, they never give up,” Peterson said. In contrast, the prey fish does bursts of fast swimming along with short pauses. “Over time, lionfish will take advantage of all those pauses to get closer and closer until they capture the prey,” Peterson said. “It would be interesting to see how lionfish’s chase plays out.” If lionfish do use the strategy in the wild and the prey reacts similarly, it’s possible that the hunting method could contribute to the destructive potential of their invasion in the Caribbean, the western Atlantic and the Mediterranean, where the fish are eating native ocean animals and disrupting food webs. But other factors, such as lionfish’s huge appetite and fruitful reproduction, could be more influential on the invasiveness. 23. What does the new research focus on? A. Defensive measures of lionfish. B. Slow predators’ hunting strategy. C. The impact of different predators. D. Approaches to handling invasive species. 24. What does the author want to explain by the experiments in paragraph 2? A. Small fish are much safer in open water. B. Lionfish have a high rate of successful strike. C. Lionfish always pretend not to see their prey. D. Fast prey tends not to be long-distance swimmers. 25. What can be inferred about lionfish during their hunting process? A. They show great perseverance in capturing their prey. B. They like to play tricky games with their prey. C. They prefer more challenging prey. D. They quietly pick up their speed. 26. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. Prey’s reaction contributes to lionfish’s invasion. B. Lionfish’s hunting style makes them govern the ocean. C. Native ocean fish also use the same hunting method. D. Lionfish’s special features add to their invasiveness. 【答案】23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了狮子鱼的捕猎方式及其具有入侵性的原因。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“but new research suggests that they can catch swift prey in an unhurried way, moving slowly in pursuit until the perfect moment to strike. ‘The finding may help explain part of the lionfish’s impact as an invasive (入侵的) species, and reveals a hunting approach that other relatively slow predators use,’ researchers said.(但新的研究表明，它们可以用一种从容不迫的方式捕捉快速移动的猎物，在追捕过程中缓慢移动，直到找到最佳攻击时机。研究人员表示：‘这一发现可能有助于解释狮子鱼作为入侵物种的部分影响，并揭示了其他相对缓慢的捕食者所使用的捕猎方法。’)”可知，新的研究聚焦于缓慢捕食者的捕猎策略。故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In 14 of the 23 experiments, the lionfish successfully swallowed their prey. They also captured the chromis in 74 percent of the experiments where the lionfish made attempts to strike.(在23次实验中的14次里，狮子鱼成功吞下了它们的猎物。在狮子鱼尝试攻击的74%的实验中，它们也捕获了这种雀鲷)”可知，作者想通过第二段中的实验解释狮子鱼有很高的成功攻击率。故选B。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中““If they’re interested in something, they never give up,” Peterson said. “Over time, lionfish will take advantage of all those pauses to get closer and closer until they capture the prey,” Peterson said.(‘如果它们对某样东西感兴趣，它们就永远不会放弃，’彼得森说。‘随着时间的推移，狮子鱼会利用所有这些停顿的机会越来越接近猎物，直到它们捕获猎物，’彼得森说)”可知，在捕猎过程中，狮子鱼在捕获猎物时表现出极大的毅力。故选A。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If lionfish do use the strategy in the wild and the prey reacts similarly, it’s possible that the hunting method could contribute to the destructive potential of their invasion in the Caribbean, the western Atlantic and the Mediterranean, where the fish are eating native ocean animals and disrupting food webs. But other factors, such as lionfish’s huge appetite and fruitful reproduction, could be more influential on the invasiveness.(如果狮子鱼在野外确实使用这种策略，而且猎物的反应也类似，那么这种捕猎方式可能会增加它们在加勒比海、西大西洋和地中海地区入侵的破坏性潜力，在这些地区，狮子鱼正在捕食当地的海洋动物，扰乱食物网。但其他因素，如狮子鱼的巨大食欲和多产的繁殖能力，可能对其入侵性更具影响力)” 可知，最后一段主要告诉我们狮子鱼的特殊特征增加了它们的入侵性。故选D。 D Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odour (气味) . Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”. Today, smart phones provide impressive built-in capabilities based on the sciences of sound and light: voice assistants, facial recognition and photo improvement. The science of odour does not offer anything comparable. But that situation is changing, as advances in machine smell, also called “digitized smell”, are finally answering Bell's call to action. Whereas human vision mainly relies on cells in the retina (视网膜) , smell is experienced through about 400 types of cells in the nose. Machine smell starts with sensors that detect and identify molecules (分子) in the air. These sensors serve the same purpose as the cells in your nose. But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So, the challenge is formidable. For that, machine smell needs machine learning. Machine learning studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odour-causing things. However, the web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio, image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in word as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So, researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models. However, things started to change in 2015 when researchers launched the DREAM Smell Prediction Challenge. The competition released data collected by Andreas Keller and Leslie Vosshall, and invited teams from around the world to submit their machine learning models. By 2019, the largest datasets had grown from less than 500 molecules in the DREAM challenge to about 5, 000 molecules. Such progress in unlocking the code of smell is not only exciting but also has highly promising applications, including personalized odour and early detection of disease. The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good. 27. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell? A. To stress the application of digitalized smell. B. To prove the current progress in machine smell. C. To illustrate Bell's research into sound and light. D. To offer background information of smell science. 28. What does the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Rewarding. B. Inspiring. C. Demanding. D. Confusing. 29. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. It introduces the shortage of smell datasets. B. It predicts the trend in machine learning. C. It explains the use of smell training models. D. It stresses the difficulty of describing smell. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards the machine smell? A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了机器嗅觉的发展历程、工作原理、面临的挑战以及未来的应用前景，通过对比人类感官与机器感官的差异，阐述了机器嗅觉在科学研究和实际应用中的重要性和潜力。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odor. Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”.(100多年前，Alexander Graham Bell要求读者做一些勇敢而新鲜的事情——“发现一门新科学”。他指出，以测量声音和光为基础的科学已经存在。但是没有关于气味的科学。贝尔要求他的读者“测量一种气味”)”可知，作者提到Alexander Graham Bell是因为他在100多年前呼吁建立一门关于气味的新科学，因此是提供气味科学的背景信息。故选D项。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human.So, the challenge is formidable.(但要想对人类有用，机器气味还需要更进一步。该系统需要知道某种分子或一组分子对人类来说是什么味道。所以，挑战是______)”可知，机器嗅觉要知道某个分子或一组分子对人类来说闻起来像什么，这个挑战是非常要求高，艰难的。因此“formidable”在这里的意思与“demanding”相近。故选C项。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Most people cannot describe smells in word as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models.(大多数人不能像描述景象和声音那样毫不费力地用语言描述气味。因此，研究人员无法训练出真正强大的机器学习模型)”可知，大多数人无法像描述景象和声音那样轻松、可辨别地用言语描述气味。因此，研究人员无法训练出真正强大的机器学习模型，本段主要讲述气味数据集的缺点。故选A项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good.(机器嗅觉的未来看起来很光明。它也保证闻起来很香)”可推知，作者对机器嗅觉持乐观态度。故选A项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you think of your closest friends, who will come to your mind? Perhaps your college roommates or the neighbor you played with as a child. Regardless of how you met these people, they most likely have one key thing in common: ____31____ A 2023 study found that, for those aged 21 to 30, over 80 percent in their social circles, were born within five years of them. Moreover, nearly 63 percent of adults have no close friends 15 years older or younger than them. Spending our time with such a narrow group of people can fuel age segregation and increase our loneliness. These limitations also keep us from other generations’ mindsets and potentially surprising points of connection. ____32____ Of course, the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years. A program that runs schools out of senior centers has said a lot about it. ____33____ Dawn Carr, a sociology professor, said most older people get much from practical help—with new technology, for instance—their younger friends offered. ____34____ Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to “act their age”. ____35____ Lila, aged 75, was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression, for which the young was grateful. Also, older friends offer more examples of what growing up can look like. If someone’s parents are the only older people they know well, they might fail to picture other possibilities. A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own blueprint. A. You befriend those who live around. B. They’re all roughly the same age as you. C. Others might find joy in exposure to new ideas. D. Brought closer, both see more than one benefit. E. Younger friends can be a reminder of past selves. F. Forming these kinds of friendship is particularly hard today. G. Indeed, intergenerational relationship is never a one-way street. 【答案】31. B 32. E 33. D 34. C 35. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了老年人和年轻人交朋友给双方都会带来的好处。 【31题详解】 根据上文“Regardless of how you met these people, they most likely have one key thing in common (不管你是怎么认识这些人的，他们很可能有一个关键的共同点)”以及后文“A 2023 study found that, for those aged 21 to 30, over 80 percent in their social circles, were born within five years of them. Moreover, nearly 63 percent of adults have no close friends 15 years older or younger than them. (2023年的一项研究发现，对于21岁至30岁的人来说，社交圈中超过80%的人是在5年内出生的。此外，近63%的成年人没有比自己大或小15岁的亲密朋友。)”可知，本句主要说明上文提到的共同点是什么，结合后文的研究可知这些人都年纪接近。故B选项“他们都和你差不多大。”符合语境，故选B。 【32题详解】 根据后文“Of course, the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years. (当然，那些年龄较大的可能会让我们对未来几年有一个简要的了解。)”可知，后文提到了年龄大的朋友会让我们了解未来，与此对应的，可知本句是正在说明年轻的朋友会让我们想起过去。故E选项“年轻的朋友可以提醒你过去的自己。”符合语境，故选E。 【33题详解】 根据上文“A program that runs schools out of senior centers has said a lot about it. (一个在老年中心外开办学校的项目对此做了很多介绍。)”以及后文“Dawn Carr, a sociology professor, said most older people get much from practical help—with new technology, for instance—their younger friends offered. (社会学教授道恩•卡尔说，大多数老年人从年轻朋友提供的实际帮助中获益良多，比如新技术。)”可知，本句主要说明项目介绍了老年人和年轻人相处会得到好处。故D选项“拉近距离，两者都看到了不止一个好处。”符合语境，故选D。 【34题详解】 根据后文“Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to “act their age”. (和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，绝对可以减轻他们“表现得像同龄人”的压力。)”可知，后文提到了年纪大的人和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，可以减轻心理压力，即心理层面的好处。故C选项“其他人可能会从接触新思想中找到乐趣。”符合语境，故选C。 【35题详解】 根据本段内容“Lila, aged 75, was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression, for which the young was grateful. Also, older friends offer more examples of what growing up can look like. If someone’s parents are the only older people they know well, they might fail to picture other possibilities. A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own blueprint. (75岁的莱拉很自豪，她的生活经历使她能够给患有抑郁症的年轻朋友提供建议，年轻人对此很感激。此外，年长的朋友提供了更多成长的例子。如果某人的父母是他们唯一熟悉的老年人，他们可能无法想象其他可能性。更多的年长朋友可以帮助年轻人创造自己的蓝图。)”结合上文主要论述了年轻人给老年人带来的好处，后文则主要提到了老年人对年轻人的好处，可知带来的好处不是单向的。故G选项“的确，代际关系从来不是单行道。”符合语境，故选G。 第四部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Fitness hasn’t always been welcoming of body diversity. But for Kelly Knox, a model and disability advocate, ___36___ to let her disability hold her back has been an incredible source of strength. Born without a lower left arm, she initially felt ___37___ . Even so, Kelly’s ability to ___38___ a challenge has been built into her from the very start. Her ___39___ sounds simple yet powerful: “Never give up! ” Even if something is ___40___ , she reveals, she will keep working until she pulls through it. As the first people with a disability to walk at London Fashion Week, Kelly’s career has seen her break boundaries in an industry ___41___ occupied by those conforming to (符合) a very narrow beauty ideal. Her most recent work has been ___42___ for big brands including Dove. When it comes to fitness and exercise, her ___43___ has become a real source of inner strength. “Born this way, I’ve consistently discovered ___44___ methods to exercise my left side, ” she explains. By far, what has ___45___ her fitness ambitions most is motherhood. “Until I was pregnant (怀孕) with my child, I was a (n) ___46___ in the gym,” she says, “and then, with my pregnancy, I got really sick and it was impossible to ___47___ .” Nonetheless, she uses her confidence to serve as a visible ___48___ for those who are likely to ___49___ the traditional fitness or exercise rules. “It’s just breaking those ___50___ , ” she says. “You can have a different body! And you can be beautiful with it. You should not be defined. ” 36. A. referring B. refusing C. attempting D. fearing 37. A. in the case B. in the way C. out of place D. out of sight 38. A. reject B. issue C. identify D. handle 39. A. belief B. demand C. comment D. awareness 40. A. wrong B. tricky C. tolerable D. worthless 41. A. historically B. temporarily C. eventually D. accidentally 42. A. designing B. volunteering C. exploring D. modelling 43. A. sympathy B. reliability C. determination D. imagination 44. A. classic B. innovative C. standard D. fashionable 45 A. inspired B. claimed C. satisfied D. limited 46. A. manager B. exception C. regular D. audience 47. A. hesitate B. continue C. depart D. learn 48 A. outcome B. warning C. example D. reason 49. A. put aside B. check out C. make up for D. give in to 50. A. barriers B. habits C. promises D. agreements 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了模特兼残疾人权益倡导者Kelly Knox尽管天生左臂缺失，但她拒绝让残疾阻碍自己，凭借强大的内心力量在时尚界和健身领域不断突破界限，为那些可能屈服于传统健身或锻炼规则的人树立了榜样。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对于模特兼残疾人权益倡导者凯利·诺克斯来说，拒绝让残疾阻碍自己一直是一股令人难以置信的力量源泉。A. referring提到；B. refusing拒绝；C. attempting尝试；D. fearing害怕。根据前文的“a model and disability advocate”以及后文的“Never give up!”可知，作为一个模特兼残疾人权益倡导者，凯利从不放弃，拒绝让残疾阻碍自己，这成为她力量的源泉。故选B项。 【37题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她生来就没有左臂，一开始她觉得自己格格不入。A. in the case在……情况下；B. in the way挡道；C. out of place格格不入；D. out of sight看不见。根据前文“Born without a lower left arm”可知，她生来就没有左臂，所以一开始她觉得自己格格不入。故选C项。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，凯利应对挑战的能力从一开始就根植于她内心。A. reject拒绝；B. issue发布；C. identify识别；D. handle处理，应对。根据前文“Born without a lower left arm”和“Kelly’s ability to”以及后文“a challenge ”可知，生来残疾，那么她得有应对挑战的能力。故选D项。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她信念听起来简单却有力：“永不放弃！”A. belief信念；B. demand要求；C. comment评论；D. awareness意识。根据后文“Never give up!”可知，这是她的信念。故选A项。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她透露，即使事情很棘手，她也会坚持努力，直到克服它。A. wrong错误的；B. tricky棘手的；C. tolerable可忍受的；D. worthless无价值的。根据后文“she will keep working until she pulls through it”可知，即使有些事情是很棘手的，她也会坚持努力，直到克服它。故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为第一个在伦敦时装周上走秀的残疾人，凯利的职业生涯见证了她在一个传统上由那些符合非常狭隘的审美标准的人所占据的行业里突破界限。A. historically历史上，传统上；B. temporarily暂时地；C. eventually最终；D. accidentally意外地。根据前文的“As the first people with a disability to walk at London Fashion Week”以及后文“occupied by those conforming to a very narrow beauty ideal”可知，她是第一个在伦敦时装周上走秀的残疾人，所以这个行业传统上由那些符合非常狭隘的审美标准的人所占据。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最近的工作是为多芬等大品牌做模特。A. designing设计；B. volunteering自愿做；C. exploring探索；D. modelling做模特。根据前文“As the first people with a disability to walk at London Fashion Week”可知，既然她是第一个在伦敦时装周上走秀的残疾人，那么她的工作是为大品牌做模特。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：说到健身和锻炼，她的决心已成为她内心力量的真正源泉。A. sympathy同情；B. reliability可靠性；C. determination决心；D. imagination想象力。根据前文第一段中的“Never give up!”以及“she will keep working until she pulls through it”可知，她的决心已成为她内心力量的真正源泉。故选C项。 44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我生来就是这样，我一直都在寻找锻炼左边的创新方法，”她解释道。A. classic经典的；B. innovative创新的；C. standard标准的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据前文“Born this way”可知，她生来就没有左臂，所以她一直在寻找锻炼左边的创新方法。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，对她健身目标限制最大的是母亲身份。A. inspired激励；B. claimed声称；C. satisfied使满意；D. limited限制。根据后文“and then, with my pregnancy, I got really sick and it was impossible to continue __12__”可知，母亲身份限制了她的健身目标。故选D项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在我怀孕之前，我是健身房的常客，”她说，“然后，随着怀孕，我很难受，不可能继续下去了。”A. manager经理；B. exception例外；C. regular常客；D. audience观众。根据前文“When it comes to fitness and exercise, her __8__(determination) has become a real source of inner strength.Until I was pregnant with my child”可知，对于健身和锻炼，她是非常有决心的，所以在她怀孕之前，她是健身房的常客。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“在我怀孕之前，我是健身房的常客，”她说，“然后，随着怀孕，我很难受，不可能继续下去了。”A. hesitate犹豫；B. continue继续；C. depart离开；D. learn学习。根据前文“I got really sick”可知，她很难受，不可能继续下去了。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，她还是用自己的信心为那些可能屈服于传统健身或锻炼规则的人树立了一个可见的榜样。A. outcome结果；B. warning警告；C. example榜样；D. reason原因。根据前文第一段中的“a model and disability advocate”以及第6空前面的“As the first people with a disability to walk at London Fashion Week,”可知，作为模特兼残疾人权益倡导者，以及第一个在伦敦时装周上走秀的残疾人，她为那些可能屈服于传统健身或锻炼规则的人树立了一个可见的榜样。故选C项。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管如此，她还是用自己的信心为那些可能屈服于传统健身或锻炼规则的人树立了一个可见的榜样。A. put aside把……放在一边；B. check out结账离开；C. make up for弥补；D. give in to屈服于。根据前文第二段中的““Never give up! ” Even if something is __5__(tricky) , she reveals, she will keep working until she pulls through it.”可知，她信念坚定，即使事情很棘手，她也会坚持努力，直到克服它。所以她为那些可能屈服于传统健身或锻炼规则的人树立了一个可见的榜样。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这只是打破那些障碍，”她说。“你可以有不同的身体！你可以很美。你不应该被定义。”A. barriers障碍；B. habits习惯；C. promises承诺；D. agreements协议。根据前文“breaking those ”以及后文“You can have a different body! And you can be beautiful with it. You should not be defined.”可知，她是一个很有主见的意志坚定的人，认为应该打破那些障碍。故选A项。 第二节 短文填空 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据上下文在空白处填写适当的词语，或使用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。 Madison Checketts loves the beach. Yet when visiting stretches of the coast around Escondido, California, she couldn’t help ___51___ (notice) all the plastic water bottles cluttering (乱堆在) the sand and ocean. “The beach is one of my favourite places to go, and seeing it all filling up ___52___ plastic water bottles, I just felt the ___53___ (urgent) to make a change,” Checketts says. Therefore, she learned more about plastic pollution and measures ___54___ (reduce) it and designed what she called the Eco-Hero. The gelatinous (胶状的) water bottle is actually eatable, which is considered quite ___55___ (benefit) in many cases. The now 12-year-old student from Eagle Mountain, Utah, started working on the project in October 2021 as part of her elementary school’s science fair. After ___56___ (select) as one of the students to compete in the school district’s science fair, she worked hard and ___57___ (win) first place at a state science fair before advancing to a national competition. In her early research, when Checketts asked herself what she could do to make the world a better place, what ___58___ (instant) came to mind was reducing plastic pollution. Americans consume more than 30 billion plastic water bottles annually. They often end up in the ocean, ___59___ there are more than 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash circulating. As Checketts thinks about the future of the Eco-Hero, she says she wants to run more tests to improve the water bottle and make ____60____ resealable (可再次密封的), stronger and bigger. 【答案】51. noticing 52. with 53. urgency 54. to reduce 55. beneficial 56. being selected 57. won 58. instantly 59. where 60. it 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了Madison Checketts因热爱海滩而对塑料污染问题产生关注，并设计了一款名为“生态英雄”（Eco-Hero）的可食用凝胶状水瓶以减少塑料污染的故事。 【51题详解】 考查动名词。句意：然而，当她游览加州埃斯孔迪多附近的海岸时，她不禁注意到沙滩和海洋上到处都是塑料水瓶。couldn’t help doing sth.是固定短语，意为“情不自禁地做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填noticing。 【52题详解】 考查介词。句意：“海滩是我最喜欢去的地方之一，看到它被塑料水瓶填满，我迫切地想要做出改变，”Checketts说。fill up with是固定短语，意为“充满”，因此空格处用介词with，故填with。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：“海滩是我最喜欢去的地方之一，看到它被塑料水瓶填满，我迫切地想要做出改变，”Checketts说。空格处用名词作宾语，urgent的名词是urgency，意为“紧急，迫切”，是不可数名词，故填urgency。 【54题详解】 考查不定式。句意：因此，她了解了更多关于塑料污染和减少塑料污染的措施，并设计了她所谓的“生态英雄”。measures是措施，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to reduce。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：胶状水瓶实际上是可以食用的，在很多情况下被认为是非常有益的。空格处用形容词作补足语，benefit的形容词是beneficial，意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。 【56题详解】 考查动名词和被动语态。句意：在被选为参加学区科学博览会的学生之一后，她努力学习，在参加全国竞赛之前获得了州科学博览会的第一名。After后跟动名词作宾语，她是被选，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态being selected，故填being selected。 【57题详解】 考查时态。句意：在被选为参加学区科学博览会的学生之一后，她努力学习，在参加全国竞赛之前获得了州科学博览会的第一名。and前后时态一致，由前面的worked是过去式可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填won。 【58题详解】 考查副词。句意：在她早期的研究中，当Checketts问自己她能做些什么来让世界变得更美好时，她立即想到的是减少塑料污染。空格处用副词修饰动词came，instant的副词是instantly，意为“立即”，故填instantly。 【59题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们通常最终进入海洋，海洋中有超过5.25万亿个塑料垃圾在循环。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词ocean是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 【60题详解】 考查代词。句意：当Checketts考虑Eco-Hero的未来时，她说她想进行更多的测试来改进水瓶，使其可再密封，更坚固，更大。空格处用it指代前面的Eco-Hero，故填it。 第五部分 语言基础 (共三节，满分30分) 第一节 单词拼写 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 请根据汉语提示和首字母写出句子中所缺的单词，请注意单词的恰当形式，并把完整的单词写在答题卷上的相应位置。 61. The handmade s_____________ (纪念品) from her trip abroad evoked fond memories of the journey. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】souvenir##ouvenir 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她在国外旅行时手工制作的纪念品唤起了对这段旅程的美好回忆。根据汉语提示“纪念品”及首字母提示，应该填入名词作主语，“纪念品”应为souvenir，此处指代单件手工纪念品，且前面有定冠词The，故使用单数形式。故填souvenir。 62. The news report provided an e_____________ (夸张的) account of the events, drawing doubt from others. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】exaggerated##xaggerated 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：新闻报道对这些事件提供了夸张的描述，引起了其他人的怀疑。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“夸张的”应用exaggerated。故填exaggerated。 63. The passengers a_____________ (在船上) the ship enjoyed breathtaking views of the ocean from the deck. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】aboard##board 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：船上的乘客从甲板上欣赏到令人叹为观止的海景。由首字母提示a可知，“在船上”是aboard，故填aboard。 64. The exhausted traveller struggled to lift his heavy l________ (行李) onto the airport conveyor belt. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】luggage##uggage 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：筋疲力尽的旅客吃力地把沉重的行李搬到机场的传送带上。形容词heavy后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。根据中英文提示及句意，名词“行李”英文为luggage，为不可数名词。故填luggage。 65. The audience rose to their feet, a_____________ (为……鼓掌) the performers for their outstanding musical performance. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】applauding##pplauding 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：观众们站起来，为表演者出色的音乐表演鼓掌。根据汉语提示“为……鼓掌”及首字母提示可知，此处用动词applaud，“rose”为句子谓语，空处为状语，动词applaud和主语The audience构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填applauding。 66. Education, c________ (结合) with effective policies, can achieve dramatic results in promoting innovation. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】combined##ombined 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教育与有效的政策相结合，可以在促进创新方面取得显著成果。根据首字母c及汉语提示“结合”可知，此处应用动词combine。空处为状语，combine与主语Education之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词形式combined作状语，表示被动关系。故填combined。 67. The student-led campaign against animal c_____________ (残忍) not only raised awareness but also inspired stricter local laws. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】cruelty##ruelty 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：由学生领导的反对对动物残忍的运动不仅提高了人们的意识，还促使当地制定了更严格的法律。根据中文提示“残忍”和首字母c可知，此处应填cruelty，为不可数名词，在句中作介词against的宾语。故填cruelty。 68. The teacher presented a detailed analysis of climate change, h_____________ (使……突出) its impact on delicate communities. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】highlighting##ighlighting 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师对气候变化进行了详细的分析，突出了其对脆弱社区的影响。根据句意、首字母提示以及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词highlight“使……突出”，句子谓语动词是presented，此处应用非谓语动词，highlight与其逻辑主语The teacher之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填highlighting。 69. After the s_____________ (很严重的) typhoon, the school quickly got down to repairing the affected buildings. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】serious##erious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在这场很严重的台风过后，学校迅速着手修复受损的建筑。根据首字母s及汉语提示“很严重的”可知，本空用形容词serious，修饰名词typhoon，作前置定语。故填serious。 70. In the p_____________ (诗歌) of history, we traced the footprints of heroes, their courage guiding us through the fog of uncertainty. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】poetry##oetry 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在历史的诗歌中，我们追寻英雄的足迹，他们的勇气指引我们穿越不确定的迷雾。根据中文提示“诗歌”及首字母提示“p”可知，空处需填表示“诗歌”的名词作宾语。poetry作不可数名词，表示“诗歌（总称）”，符合句意。故填poetry。 第二节 短语填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 选用方框内的短语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个短语仅使用一次。 (其中有2个多余短语) 。 date back to pick up (be) glued to (be) determined to in particular in fear live up to get across the other way round around the clock to some extent on the edge of one’s seat 71. Despite her busy schedule, Julia offered to _____________ some groceries for her elderly neighbour, who couldn’t leave the house due to illness. 72. The towering castle, _____________ the 13th century and surrounded by a dense forest, has become a symbol of cultural heritage. 73. Having failed the exam twice, David _____________ improve his grades by creating a strict study plan and following it diligently. 74. The research team which worked _____________ for three days, finally found the mistake, though they were exhausted. 75. The students waited _____________ for the police to rescue them, their hearts pounding like drums. 76. Recycling paper helps protect forests _____________, though it’s not the ultimate solution. 77. As the detective revealed the final clue, the entire courtroom was _____________, anxiously awaiting the judgement. 78. The documentary about climate change, which has left viewers _____________ the screen, has sparked widespread discussion. 79. The professor's teaching method focusing on interesting experiments finally helped her _____________ the difficult theories to students. 80. _____________ his parents’ expectations, he burned the midnight oil every night, though his face became pale. 【答案】71. pick up 72. dating back to 73. was determined to 74. around the clock 75. in fear 76. to some extent 77. on the edge of their seat 78. glued to 79. get across##to get across 80. To live up to 【解析】 【71题详解】 考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：尽管日程繁忙，朱莉娅还是主动提出帮生病不能出门的年迈邻居取走杂货。根据空后的some groceries for her elderly neighbour可知，空处应用动词短语pick up，表示“取走”，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故填pick up。 【72题详解】 考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：这座高耸的城堡建于13世纪，周围环绕着茂密的森林，已成为文化遗产的象征。根据空后的the 13th century可知，空处应用动词短语date back to，本句谓语为has become，此处为非谓语动词，表示“追溯到”，与逻辑主语The towering castle构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作定语，故填dating back to。 【73题详解】 考查动词短语、时态。句意：由于两次考试不及格，大卫决心制定一个严格的学习计划并认真执行，以提高自己的成绩。根据空后的improve his grades by creating a strict study plan and following it diligently可知，空处应用动词短语(be) determined to，表示“决心”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语为David，be动词用was，故填was determined to。 【74题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：研究小组连续三天日夜不停地工作，终于找到了错误，尽管他们已经筋疲力尽。根据空前的worked和空后的for three days可知，空处应用介词短语around the clock，表示“日夜不停地”，故填around the clock。 【75题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：学生们提心吊胆地等着警察来救他们，他们的心跳得像鼓一样。根据空后的their hearts pounding like drums可知，空处应用介词短语in fear，表示“提心吊胆地”，故填in fear。 【76题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：回收纸张在一定程度上有助于保护森林，尽管这不是最终的解决方案。根据空后的though it’s not the ultimate solution可知，空处应用介词短语to some extent，表示“在一定程度上”，故填to some extent。 【77题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：当侦探透露了最后的线索时，整个法庭都屏息以待，焦急地等待着判决。根据空后的anxiously awaiting the judgement可知，空处应用介词短语on the edge of one’s seat，表示“屏息以待”，此处指法庭上的人，故用their，故填on the edge of their seats。 【78题详解】 考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：这部关于气候变化的纪录片让观众们目不转睛地盯着屏幕，引发了广泛的讨论。根据空后的the screen可知，空处应用动词短语(be) glued to，表示“目不转睛地盯着”，此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，故省略be动词，用过去分词作宾补，故填glued to。 【79题详解】 考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：教授以有趣的实验为重点的教学方法终于帮助她向学生阐明了难懂的理论。根据空后的the difficult theories to students可知，空处应用动词短语get across，表示“阐明”，help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，to可省略，作宾补。故填（to）get across。 【80题详解】 考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：为了不辜负父母的期望，他每天晚上都熬夜学习，尽管脸色变得苍白。根据空后的his parents' expectations可知，空处应用动词短语live up to，表示“不辜负”，此处为不定式作目的状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To live up to。 第三节 翻译句子 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据中文及英语提示词将以下句子翻译成英语。请将完整的句子写在答题卷上的相应位置。 81. 在科技竞赛中她不仅快速解决了数学难题，还主动协助队友完成英语报告。 (not only… but also… ) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】She not only quickly solved the mathematical problems in the science and technology competition, but also actively assisted her teammates in completing the English report. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。“在科技竞赛中”翻译为in the science and technology competition；“不仅……而且……”用短语not only… but also…；“快速解决了数学难题”翻译为quickly solved the mathematical problems；“协助某人做某事”用短语assist sb. in doing sth.；“完成英语报告”翻译为complete the English report。句子陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为She not only quickly solved the mathematical problems in the science and technology competition, but also actively assisted her teammates in completing the English report. 82. 我们应当感谢图书馆管理员在大家准备期末考试期间开放自习室。（be grateful to…for…）（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】We should be grateful to the librarians for keeping the study rooms open while everyone was preparing for the final exams. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。分析汉语题干可知，“我们应当感谢图书馆管理员开放自习室”作句子主干；表示“我们”用人称代词主格we，且位于句子开头，注意大写；结合题干已给提示词“be grateful to…for…”，表示“应当感谢”用should be grateful to；表示“图书管理员”用名词librarian，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，作to的宾语；表示“开放自习室”可用“keep+名词+形容词”的结构，表示“使……保持某种状态”，置于for的后面作宾语，表示“自习室”可用the study room，此处表示多个自习室，故用复数，故译为for keeping the study rooms open；“在大家准备期末考试期间”可用while引导时间状语从句，while后要用延续性动作，时态用进行时，又根据语境，“准备考试”是过去发生的事，故用过去进行时；表示“大家”可用everyone，作从句的主语，且为单数；表示“准备”，可译为“was preparing for”；表示“期末考试”可用the final exam，作for的宾语，此处表示期末的多个考试，故用复数形式。故翻译为We should be grateful to the librarians for keeping the study rooms open while everyone was preparing for the final exams. 83. 正是在运动会的最后一天我们打破了记录，这成为班级最骄傲的时刻。 (强调句型) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】It was on the last day of the sports meeting that we broke the record, which became the proudest moment for our class. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型和非限制性定语从句。表示“在运动会的最后一天”用on the last day of the sports meeting，在句中作时间状语。句子主语用we；表示“打破记录”用break the record，事情发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式broke。本句使用强调句型“It was/is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”来强调时间状语on the last day of the sports meeting，句子谓语为过去式broke，强调句型的be动词用is。表示“这成为班级最骄傲的时刻”用which引导的定语从句，修饰主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导，表示“成为”用become，系动词用过去式became；表示“班级最骄傲的时刻”用the proudest moment for our class，作表语。故翻译为It was on the last day of the sports meeting that we broke the record, which became the proudest moment for our class. 84. 全身心地投入到研究濒危动物中，这位生物学家三年未能回家探望父母。 (分词作状语) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】Devoting herself entirely to researching endangered species, the biologist had not been able to visit her parents for three years. 【解析】 【详解】考查分词作状语。表示“全身心地投入到……中”用动词短语 devote oneself entirely to...，devote与句子主语 the biologist“这位生物学家”之间是主动关系，即生物学家全身心投入研究，所以用现在分词作状语，表示原因或伴随情况。表示“研究”用动词research，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，“濒危动物”可翻译为endangered species。表示“未能做某事”用be not able to do sth.，根据“三年未能回家” 可知，句子时态用过去完成时had not been able to，表示从过去某个时间之前就开始的动作或状态。“探望父母”翻译为visit her parents，“三年”可翻译为for three years， 是时间状语。故翻译为Devoting herself entirely to researching endangered species, the biologist had not been able to visit her parents for three years. 85. 随着学生积极参与垃圾分类，校园变得更加干净整洁。 (with+宾语+宾补) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】With students actively participating in garbage calssification, the campus has become cleaner and tidier. 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构、时态。表示“随着……用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，“学生”用名词 students，作宾语。“积极参与”翻译为 actively participate in，participate与students之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，“垃圾分类”翻译为garbage classification。表示“校园”翻译为the campus，作句子的主语。表示“变得”用become，根据语境“校园变得更加干净整洁”强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。“更加干净整洁”是比较级cleaner and tidier。故翻译为With students actively participating in garbage classification, the campus has become cleaner and tidier.。 第六部分 书写 (满分10分) 101. 请完成以下美文填空，并将整篇短文誊抄在答题卷上的相应位置。设0分、3分、5分、7分、10分五个评分档。 根据汉语提示完成短文。 Dear David, Delighted to learn that you’ve started learning Chinese this semester and would like to ______86______ (更好掌握) of Chinese, I’m writing to share with you some ______87______ (实际的) suggestions. As is known to all, developing a language involves lots of practice in listening and speaking. Therefore, it is highly recommended that you watch some Chinese TV programs ______88______ (定期地), which will expose you to an ______89______ (真实的) learning atmosphere. Besides, you’d better make some Chinese friends and talk with them as much as possible, since frequent communication in real life helps improve your oral Chinese and ______90______ (建立你的自信). I sincerely hope that my advice mentioned above could be of great help to you. Wish you ______91______ (巨大进步) in Chinese learning. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】86. have a better command 87. practical 88. on a regular basis 89. authentic 90. build up your confidence 91. remarkable progress 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是作者写信给David，分享了一些关于如何更好地掌握中文的实际建议。 【86题详解】 考查固定短语和不定式。句意：很高兴得知你这学期开始学习中文，并希望能更好地掌握中文，我写信与你分享一些实用的建议。“更好掌握”是固定短语have a better command of，would like to do sth.是固定短语，意为“想要做某事”，因此have用原形，故填have a better command。 【87题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很高兴得知你这学期开始学习中文，并希望能更好地掌握中文，我写信与你分享一些实用的建议。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词suggestions，“实际的”的形容词是practical，故填practical。 【88题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：因此，强烈建议你定期看一些中国电视节目，这将使你接触到真实的学习氛围。“定期地”是固定短语on a regular basis，故填on a regular basis。 【89题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，强烈建议你定期看一些中国电视节目，这将使你接触到真实的学习氛围。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰learning atmosphere，“真实的”的形容词是authentic，故填authentic。 【90题详解】 考查固定短语和不带to的不定式。句意：此外，你最好交一些中国朋友，尽可能多地和他们交谈，因为在现实生活中频繁的交流有助于提高你的汉语口语，建立你的信心。“建立你的自信”是固定短语build up your confidence，help do sth.是固定短语，意为“帮忙做某事”，因此build用原形，故填build up your confidence。 【91题详解】 考查形容词和名词。句意：祝你在汉语学习上取得显著进步。“巨大进步”是remarkable progress，progress是不可数名词，故填remarkable progress。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 深圳实验学校高中部2024-2025学年度第二学期第一阶段考试 高一英语 时间：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力理解 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man complain about? A. The long wait. B. The terrible food. C. The noisy environment. 2. What are the speakers currently about to do? A. Walk onto a stage. B. Learn to play the drums. C. Make an announcement to a crowd. 3 When is Grandpa's birthday? A. On May 6. B. On May 7. C. On May 8. 4. What industry does the woman hope to work in? A Travel. B. Finance. C. Medicine. 5. What do we know about the speakers? A. They are not allowed to go on holiday. B. They never had a holiday on their own before. C. They went on holiday without telling her parents. 第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6至7 题。 6. What is the man doing? A. Driving a car. B. Repairing a car. C. Borrowing a car. 7. How does the man sound in the end? A. Confused. B. Hesitant. C. Confident. 听第7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. What's the woman's problem? A. She lost her key. B. Her rented flat was leaking. C. Her bathroom was flooded. 9. What will the man do next? A. Get the woman a spare key. B. Drive the woman to school. C. Have the problem settled. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A A healthy lifestyle. B. An eco-team. C. An environmentalist. 11. What does the man always do? A. He cycles to college. B. He eats green food. C. He reuses old plastic bags. 12. What does the woman suggest doing this weekend? A. Shopping downtown. B. Joining Helen's team. C. Going to a market. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15 题。 13. Why did the speaker learn Arabic? A. She wanted to study in Cairo. B. She was inspired by her teacher. C. She became interested in the culture. 14. What is the biggest challenge for the speaker? A. Suffering from culture shock. B. Finding a hotel and accommodation. C. Mastering written and spoken Arabic. 15. What excites the speaker most? A. Being invited to a local meal. B. Shopping at a local market. C. Getting to know the locals. 第二部分 单项选择 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. The museum will exhibit varieties of vases _________ from all over the world, _________ historical value have been widely debated. A. collected; which B. collected; whose C. Having collected; whose D. to be collected; that 2. The club chairman, __________ the members thought to be trustworthy, has just disappeared with the club’s money. A. whom B. of which C. when D. whose 3. The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A. has studied; didn’t find B. studied; haven’t found C. has been studying; haven’t found D. had studied; hadn’t found 4. By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A. submit B. had submitted C. were submitting D. have submitted 5. The report warns against _________ to too much screen time, which may lead to irreversible damage to teenagers’ eyesight. A. being exposed B. exposing C. exposed D. to expose 6. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches. A. seating B. to seat C. being seated D. seated 7. _________ enough time, the students would have avoided _________ so many mistakes in their essays. A. To give; having made B. Having given; make C. Given; making D. Giving; to make 8. With multiple journals _________ the latest findings, Dr. Smith is confident that his research _________ in a top-tier publication. A. to feature; is included B. featuring; will be included C. having featured; has been included D. featured; was included 9. Time slipped off before he knew it but he managed to finish off his job to meet the deadline ______. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 10. The local government _________ a new strategy to protect endangered species by limiting industrial activities in natural reserves. A. adopts B. adapts C. restores D. releases 11. The sudden _________ of three team members during the final rehearsal caused the drama performance to fall behind other classes. A. movement B. transfer C. revenge D. absence 12. She practiced dancing every day for months, yet her attempts to win the contest were __________. A. in detail B. in advance C. in vain D. in general 13. The economic crisis was a big blow to the world, but most small businesses _________ by cutting unnecessary costs. A. got around B. got off C. got across D. got through 14. My parents want me to _________ but now I still want to set off for a new adventure. A. settle down B. drop by C. live on D. work out 15. My little brother looks up to me. I need to be a good role model and never _________. A. turn him down B. let him down C. make him up D. help him out 第三部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A July is just around the corner. As you look forward to travelling or having your holidays to the beach, an outdoor theatre may also be a good choice. There are plenty of outdoor theatres to choose from across the UK. Storyhouse Theatre, Chester Every year in July, Storyhouse theatre builds an entire amphitheatre (圆形剧场) in Grosvenor Park. This year sees an eclectic trio: The Gangs of New York, The Importance of Being Earnest and The Wizard of Oz. You will be most excited by the first: a new adaptation written by Kieran Lynn and directed by John Young. Thorington Theatre, Suffolk Opening in 2021, Thorington is built in a natural amphitheatre hidden in the Suffolk woodlands. This year’s programme includes some family favourites such as Teddy Bear’s Picnic and The Little Mermaid, as well as Shakespeare’s The Tempest and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Minack Theatre, Cornwall Built into a cliff face in Porthcurno, you hardly need an excuse to visit this theatre. It will be an unforgettable experience. This year sees touring productions of Little Shop of Horrors, The Massive Tragedy of Madame Bovary among other things. If you want a show particularly fitting for this unique surrounding, check out The Pirates of Penzance playing in September. Pitlochry Festival Theatre, Highland Perthshire Throughout most of the year, the Pitlochry Festival Theatre’s indoor auditorium and studio serve as their regular performance spaces. But in summer, you can see equally lavish productions at the amphitheatre, nestled in the woods and overlooking Ben-Y-Vrackie mountain. This year they’ll be staging Dido and Aeneas, and The Secret Garden, the perfect story for this lush garden stage. 16. What do the theatres have in common? A. They offer outdoor activities. B. They are built in woodlands. C. They are only open in summer. D. They put on open-air performances. 17. In which of the following can you enjoy a Shakespeare play? A. Storyhouse theatre. B. Thorington Theatre. C. Minack Theatre. D. Pitlochry Festival Theatre. 18. What do you think of the plays staged in Minack Theatre? A. Peaceful. B. Family-friendly. C. Thrilling. D. Humorous. B By the middle of the last decade, I had been studying Indian Butterflies for over 20 years. However, I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat. So, in 2015, I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies. My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016, then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018. For these visits, I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion. I covered some of the well-known locations. Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species. By trickling streams and wet areas, we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings, along with numerous Meadowblues, all part of the Blues family. In alpine meadows, countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about. More than once, I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow, and chase after it, only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away. Once, I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes, managing only a few photos before it disappeared. Another time, I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow. I spent half an hour chasing them, only for them to fly away each time. Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation, I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers” — species I encountered for the very first time. These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the “Journal of Threatened Taxa.” In addition to this, І partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh, with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity. This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region, while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems. 19 Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh? A. To survey butterflies at high altitudes. B. To search for butterfly habitats. C. To carry out a travel schedule. D. To recommend tourist attractions. 20. Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies? A. Challenging and fascinating. B. Scary and exciting. C. Embarrassing and amusing. D. Dangerous and interesting. 21. What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet? A. To document insect species in India. B. To encourage eco-aware exploration. C. To promote local tourism in Ladakh. D. To compare butterfly research findings. 22. What is the best title for the text? A. Uniqueness of Butterflies B. A Fascinating Journey C. Biodiversity in Ladakh D. A Fluttering Discovery C Lionfish certainly aren’t the fastest predators (捕食性动物) at sea, but new research suggests that they can catch swift prey in an unhurried way, moving slowly in pursuit until the perfect moment to strike. “The finding may help explain part of the lionfish’s impact as an invasive (入侵的) species, and reveals a hunting approach that other relatively slow predators use,” researchers said. Born with brightly coloured stripes, lionfish often use coral reefs (珊瑚礁) as a protection and remain unnoticed long enough to follow and attack small fish. But the predators also feed in open water where they’re more visible. Curious about how these slow swimmers hunt in plain view, Asheley Peterson, a professor at the University of California, and her colleagues placed some red lionfish in a tank and recorded them as they chased down the green chromis, a kind of small reef fish. In 14 of the 23 experiments, the lionfish successfully swallowed their prey. They also captured the chromis in 74 percent of the experiments where the lionfish made attempts to strike. On average, chromis swam about twice as fast as lionfish. But chromis still fell victim to the way lionfish hunted — lionfish swim towards chromis, aiming for the prey’s current position. “If they’re interested in something, they never give up,” Peterson said. In contrast, the prey fish does bursts of fast swimming along with short pauses. “Over time, lionfish will take advantage of all those pauses to get closer and closer until they capture the prey,” Peterson said. “It would be interesting to see how lionfish’s chase plays out.” If lionfish do use the strategy in the wild and the prey reacts similarly, it’s possible that the hunting method could contribute to the destructive potential of their invasion in the Caribbean, the western Atlantic and the Mediterranean, where the fish are eating native ocean animals and disrupting food webs. But other factors, such as lionfish’s huge appetite and fruitful reproduction, could be more influential on the invasiveness. 23. What does the new research focus on? A. Defensive measures of lionfish. B. Slow predators’ hunting strategy. C. The impact of different predators. D. Approaches to handling invasive species. 24. What does the author want to explain by the experiments in paragraph 2? A. Small fish are much safer in open water. B. Lionfish have a high rate of successful strike. C. Lionfish always pretend not to see their prey. D. Fast prey tends not to be long-distance swimmers. 25. What can be inferred about lionfish during their hunting process? A. They show great perseverance in capturing their prey. B. They like to play tricky games with their prey. C. They prefer more challenging prey. D. They quietly pick up their speed. 26. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. Prey’s reaction contributes to lionfish’s invasion. B. Lionfish’s hunting style makes them govern the ocean. C. Native ocean fish also use the same hunting method. D. Lionfish’s special features add to their invasiveness. D Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odour (气味) . Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”. Today, smart phones provide impressive built-in capabilities based on the sciences of sound and light: voice assistants, facial recognition and photo improvement. The science of odour does not offer anything comparable. But that situation is changing, as advances in machine smell, also called “digitized smell”, are finally answering Bell's call to action. Whereas human vision mainly relies on cells in the retina (视网膜) , smell is experienced through about 400 types of cells in the nose. Machine smell starts with sensors that detect and identify molecules (分子) in the air. These sensors serve the same purpose as the cells in your nose. But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So, the challenge is formidable. For that, machine smell needs machine learning. Machine learning studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odour-causing things. However, the web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio, image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in word as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So, researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models. However, things started to change in 2015 when researchers launched the DREAM Smell Prediction Challenge. The competition released data collected by Andreas Keller and Leslie Vosshall, and invited teams from around the world to submit their machine learning models. By 2019, the largest datasets had grown from less than 500 molecules in the DREAM challenge to about 5, 000 molecules. Such progress in unlocking the code of smell is not only exciting but also has highly promising applications, including personalized odour and early detection of disease. The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good. 27. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell? A. To stress the application of digitalized smell. B. To prove the current progress in machine smell. C. To illustrate Bell's research into sound and light. D. To offer background information of smell science. 28. What does the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Rewarding. B. Inspiring. C. Demanding. D. Confusing. 29. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. It introduces the shortage of smell datasets. B. It predicts the trend in machine learning. C. It explains the use of smell training models. D. It stresses the difficulty of describing smell. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards the machine smell? A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you think of your closest friends, who will come to your mind? Perhaps your college roommates or the neighbor you played with as a child. Regardless of how you met these people, they most likely have one key thing in common: ____31____ A 2023 study found that, for those aged 21 to 30, over 80 percent in their social circles, were born within five years of them. Moreover, nearly 63 percent of adults have no close friends 15 years older or younger than them. Spending our time with such a narrow group of people can fuel age segregation and increase our loneliness. These limitations also keep us from other generations’ mindsets and potentially surprising points of connection. ____32____ Of course, the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years. A program that runs schools out of senior centers has said a lot about it. ____33____ Dawn Carr, a sociology professor, said most older people get much from practical help—with new technology, for instance—their younger friends offered. ____34____ Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to “act their age”. ____35____ Lila, aged 75, was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression, for which the young was grateful. Also, older friends offer more examples of what growing up can look like. If someone’s parents are the only older people they know well, they might fail to picture other possibilities. A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own blueprint. A. You befriend those who live around. B. They’re all roughly the same age as you. C. Others might find joy in exposure to new ideas. D. Brought closer, both see more than one benefit. E. Younger friends can be a reminder of past selves. F. Forming these kinds of friendship is particularly hard today. G. Indeed, intergenerational relationship is never a one-way street. 第四部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Fitness hasn’t always been welcoming of body diversity. But for Kelly Knox, a model and disability advocate, ___36___ to let her disability hold her back has been an incredible source of strength. Born without a lower left arm, she initially felt ___37___ . Even so, Kelly’s ability to ___38___ a challenge has been built into her from the very start. Her ___39___ sounds simple yet powerful: “Never give up! ” Even if something is ___40___ , she reveals, she will keep working until she pulls through it. As the first people with a disability to walk at London Fashion Week, Kelly’s career has seen her break boundaries in an industry ___41___ occupied by those conforming to (符合) a very narrow beauty ideal. Her most recent work has been ___42___ for big brands including Dove. When it comes to fitness and exercise, her ___43___ has become a real source of inner strength. “Born this way, I’ve consistently discovered ___44___ methods to exercise my left side, ” she explains. By far, what has ___45___ her fitness ambitions most is motherhood. “Until I was pregnant (怀孕) with my child, I was a (n) ___46___ in the gym,” she says, “and then, with my pregnancy, I got really sick and it was impossible to ___47___ .” Nonetheless, she uses her confidence to serve as a visible ___48___ for those who are likely to ___49___ the traditional fitness or exercise rules. “It’s just breaking those ___50___ , ” she says. “You can have a different body! And you can be beautiful with it. You should not be defined. ” 36. A. referring B. refusing C. attempting D. fearing 37. A. in the case B. in the way C. out of place D. out of sight 38. A. reject B. issue C. identify D. handle 39. A. belief B. demand C. comment D. awareness 40. A. wrong B. tricky C. tolerable D. worthless 41. A. historically B. temporarily C. eventually D. accidentally 42. A. designing B. volunteering C. exploring D. modelling 43. A. sympathy B. reliability C. determination D. imagination 44. A. classic B. innovative C. standard D. fashionable 45. A. inspired B. claimed C. satisfied D. limited 46. A. manager B. exception C. regular D. audience 47. A. hesitate B. continue C. depart D. learn 48. A. outcome B. warning C. example D. reason 49. A. put aside B. check out C. make up for D. give in to 50. A. barriers B. habits C. promises D. agreements 第二节 短文填空 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据上下文在空白处填写适当的词语，或使用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。 Madison Checketts loves the beach. Yet when visiting stretches of the coast around Escondido, California, she couldn’t help ___51___ (notice) all the plastic water bottles cluttering (乱堆在) the sand and ocean. “The beach is one of my favourite places to go, and seeing it all filling up ___52___ plastic water bottles, I just felt the ___53___ (urgent) to make a change,” Checketts says. Therefore, she learned more about plastic pollution and measures ___54___ (reduce) it and designed what she called the Eco-Hero. The gelatinous (胶状的) water bottle is actually eatable, which is considered quite ___55___ (benefit) in many cases. The now 12-year-old student from Eagle Mountain, Utah, started working on the project in October 2021 as part of her elementary school’s science fair. After ___56___ (select) as one of the students to compete in the school district’s science fair, she worked hard and ___57___ (win) first place at a state science fair before advancing to a national competition. In her early research, when Checketts asked herself what she could do to make the world a better place, what ___58___ (instant) came to mind was reducing plastic pollution. Americans consume more than 30 billion plastic water bottles annually. They often end up in the ocean, ___59___ there are more than 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash circulating. As Checketts thinks about the future of the Eco-Hero, she says she wants to run more tests to improve the water bottle and make ____60____ resealable (可再次密封的), stronger and bigger. 第五部分 语言基础 (共三节，满分30分) 第一节 单词拼写 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 请根据汉语提示和首字母写出句子中所缺的单词，请注意单词的恰当形式，并把完整的单词写在答题卷上的相应位置。 61. The handmade s_____________ (纪念品) from her trip abroad evoked fond memories of the journey. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 62. The news report provided an e_____________ (夸张的) account of the events, drawing doubt from others. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 63. The passengers a_____________ (在船上) the ship enjoyed breathtaking views of the ocean from the deck. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 64. The exhausted traveller struggled to lift his heavy l________ (行李) onto the airport conveyor belt. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 65. The audience rose to their feet, a_____________ (为……鼓掌) the performers for their outstanding musical performance. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 66. Education, c________ (结合) with effective policies, can achieve dramatic results in promoting innovation. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 67. The student-led campaign against animal c_____________ (残忍) not only raised awareness but also inspired stricter local laws. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 68. The teacher presented a detailed analysis of climate change, h_____________ (使……突出) its impact on delicate communities. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 69. After the s_____________ (很严重的) typhoon, the school quickly got down to repairing the affected buildings. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 70. In the p_____________ (诗歌) of history, we traced the footprints of heroes, their courage guiding us through the fog of uncertainty. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 第二节 短语填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 选用方框内短语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个短语仅使用一次。 (其中有2个多余短语) 。 date back to pick up (be) glued to (be) determined to in particular in fear live up to get across the other way round around the clock to some extent on the edge of one’s seat 71. Despite her busy schedule, Julia offered to _____________ some groceries for her elderly neighbour, who couldn’t leave the house due to illness. 72. The towering castle, _____________ the 13th century and surrounded by a dense forest, has become a symbol of cultural heritage. 73. Having failed the exam twice, David _____________ improve his grades by creating a strict study plan and following it diligently. 74. The research team which worked _____________ for three days, finally found the mistake, though they were exhausted. 75. The students waited _____________ for the police to rescue them, their hearts pounding like drums. 76. Recycling paper helps protect forests _____________, though it’s not the ultimate solution. 77. As the detective revealed the final clue, the entire courtroom was _____________, anxiously awaiting the judgement. 78. The documentary about climate change, which has left viewers _____________ the screen, has sparked widespread discussion. 79. The professor's teaching method focusing on interesting experiments finally helped her _____________ the difficult theories to students. 80. _____________ his parents’ expectations, he burned the midnight oil every night, though his face became pale. 第三节 翻译句子 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据中文及英语提示词将以下句子翻译成英语。请将完整的句子写在答题卷上的相应位置。 81. 在科技竞赛中她不仅快速解决了数学难题，还主动协助队友完成英语报告。 (not only… but also… ) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 82. 我们应当感谢图书馆管理员在大家准备期末考试期间开放自习室。（be grateful to…for…）（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 83. 正是在运动会的最后一天我们打破了记录，这成为班级最骄傲的时刻。 (强调句型) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 84. 全身心地投入到研究濒危动物中，这位生物学家三年未能回家探望父母。 (分词作状语) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 85. 随着学生积极参与垃圾分类，校园变得更加干净整洁。 (with+宾语+宾补) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 第六部分 书写 (满分10分) 101. 请完成以下美文填空，并将整篇短文誊抄在答题卷上的相应位置。设0分、3分、5分、7分、10分五个评分档。 根据汉语提示完成短文。 Dear David, Delighted to learn that you’ve started learning Chinese this semester and would like to ______86______ (更好掌握) of Chinese, I’m writing to share with you some ______87______ (实际的) suggestions. As is known to all, developing a language involves lots of practice in listening and speaking. Therefore, it is highly recommended that you watch some Chinese TV programs ______88______ (定期地), which will expose you to an ______89______ (真实的) learning atmosphere. Besides, you’d better make some Chinese friends and talk with them as much as possible, since frequent communication in real life helps improve your oral Chinese and ______90______ (建立你的自信). I sincerely hope that my advice mentioned above could be of great help to you. Wish you ______91______ (巨大进步) in Chinese learning. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$