精品解析：上海市嘉定区中光高级中学2024-2025学年高二下学期教学质量检查（3月月考）英语试题

2024学年第二学期第一次教学质量调研 高二英语试卷(总分: 140分, 考试时间: 120分钟) 第Ⅰ卷(共100分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A(10 分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a department store. B. At home. C. In the street. D. At a post office. 2. A.12:45. B.1:00. C. 1:15. D. 1:25. 3. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take. C. She hates packing by herself. D. She needs more time for packing. 4. A. Boss and secretary. B. Teacher and student. C. Dentist and patient. D. Salesman and customer. 5. A. The plane is delayed due to the heavy rain. B. The plane will arrive on time. C. The woman will take the next flight. D. The woman will demand a refund. 6. A. Difficult. B. Interesting. C. Fascinating. D. Boring. 7. A. The film is not worth seeing at all. B. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening C. The man doesn’t like watching films. D. The man can’t afford the time to go out this evening. 8. А. He has bought one to take care of himself. B. He has already known about Pepper. C. He shows great interest in the robot. D. He is worried about his late life. 9. A. He doesn’t enjoy short-distance trips as much as he used to. B. He doesn’t want to spend much time travelling from home to work. C. He doesn’t think he is qualified for the job. D. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family. 10. A. He regrets having made some purchase in the new shopping mall. B. He didn’t know there was a newly-opened shopping mall. C. He didn’t want to buy anything at the shopping mall. D. He bought much food at the shopping mall at a low price. Section B(15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 1690s. B. In the 1860s. C. In the 1890s. D. In the 1960s. 12. A. To be paid more than their male colleagues. B To be given the same chance to succeed. C. To win respect from their male colleagues. D. To get promoted more quickly than their male colleagues. 13. A. Women’s ability to do important jobs. B. How to have more freedom. C Concrete issues as well as attitudes and beliefs. D. How to contribute to the communities. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit. C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly. 15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory. C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it. 16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life. C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He didn’t know where to begin his talk. B. He failed in his exam. C. He felt difficult to get to sleep. D. He felt depressed most of the day. 18. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter. 19. A. He coughs more often and gets a cold easily. B. He can’t sleep well at night. C. He gets angry easily at school. D. He always feels cold. 20. A. Take some medicine as required. B. Take part in physical activities regularly. C. Burn away his worries in the sun. D. Speak to someone about his problem. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Suspended Coffee How about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet? The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee”— i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks” it for someone ____1____(fortunate) — has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America participating in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”. The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy ____2____ increased in popularity after the Second World War. And the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries ____3____(hit) hard economically. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, ____4____(decide) to join the effort recently. “It’s a fantastic initiative, so we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’s front door, and____5____they see someone walking by who looks like they want a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer____6____(accept), they provide the coffee.” However, not everyone supports the idea. In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises a number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and____7____the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. “A $4 latte might make donors feel good, ____8____would that money better serve food banks?” she questions. Critics like Northrup urge people to consider other ways to help, such as____9____(donate) to organizations addressing root causes of poverty. _____10_____these concerns, suspended coffee persists as a grassroots symbol of micro-philanthropy. From Naples to Toronto, it reminds us that small acts of kindness can ripple through communities — one steaming cup at a time. Section B(10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. moral B. delivery C. justice D. temporary E. address F. demanding G. delighted H. identify I. leaving J. concerned K. approach The Struggle for Justice in Water Supply In a small town called Clearwater, the community was facing a severe water crisis. The local water supply had been polluted, ____11____ residents without access to clean drinking water. This crisis brought to light the pressing need for ____12____ in ensuring equal access to safe water for all. The town’s council initially tried to ____13____ the issue by implementing emergency measures. They set up ____14____ water stations and delivered bottled water to households. However, these efforts were not enough to meet the growing demand, and many residents still struggled to get enough water for their daily needs. As the crisis continued, tensions rose within the community. Some families, especially those in wealthier neighborhoods, were able to afford private water ____15____ services, while others had to rely on the limited public resources. This gap highlighted the moral responsibility of the government and society as a whole to ensure fair distribution of essential resources like water A group of ____16____ citizens decided to take action. They organized protests and rallies, ____17____ that the town’s council take more effective steps to solve the water supply problem. Their message was clear: access to clean water is a basic human right, and everyone should be treated equally. The pressure from the community forced the town’s council to reevaluate their ____18____. They began working with environmental experts to ____19____ the source of the pollution and develop long-term solutions. In the meantime, they increased the number of water stations and improved the distribution system to reach more residents. In the end, the struggle for justice in water supply not only resolved the immediate crisis but also strengthened the bond between the residents of Clearwater. It served as a reminder that in the face of adversity, ____20____ principles and a commitment to fairness can make a significant difference in the lives of everyone. III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分, 每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. ____21____the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent (气味) of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test____22____by many business schools. The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only____23____the hidden force of scent and the cognitive (认知) improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also the expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings. “It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already____24____,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this____25____was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.” ____26____, smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent. Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the____27____of a coffee-like scent, while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored____28____higher on the test. Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase____29____and consequently improve performance? The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on_____30_____about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that_____31_____to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic. Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n)_____32_____placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding-that coffee-like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance—has many practical_____33_____, including several for business. “Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help_____34_____employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and_____35_____.” 21. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to 22. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired 23. A. contributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights 24. A. encouraging B. confusing C. conflicting D. challenging 25. A. responsibility B. demonstration C. expectation D. explanation 26. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all 27. A. lack B. absence C. withdrawal D. presence 28. A. typically B. significantly C. delightedly D. appropriately 29. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context 30. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief 31. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative 32. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated 33. A. simplifications B. descriptions C. resignations D. applications 34. A. boost B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect 35. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategy Section B(24分, 每题2分) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing. The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.” Then she gave the shop owner the food stamps(食品券). My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume? As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better. My heart pounded as I approached the woman. “Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit,“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.” I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.” I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?” After that, I walked back to my car and began to cry too. The words on the card? “You Matter.” A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing them. 36. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs? A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son. B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free. C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman. 37. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because______. A. it greatly encouraged her B. she could use it to buy food C. it could solve her present problem D. it could land her husband a job 38. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means______. A. interested B. grateful C. ashamed D. astonished 39. From the article, we can tell that the author is a______person. A. smart B. kind-hearted C. knowledgeable D. confident (B) Helpline Your writing problems solved with advice from Dana Cambridge Email your inquiries to Diana at: diana@dianacambridge.co.uk. She will answer as many letters as she can on the page. Publication of answers may take several months. Helpline cannot personally answer inquiries such as where to offer work, or comment on your book, which you are asked not to send. Q Is it wrong — either grammatically or in terms of style — to mix the simple past tense with the past perfect in one sentence? To give an example, the following seems a bit heavy and awkward to me: "There had been a time when she had been happier.’ I prefer: ‘There had been a time when she was happier.’ Any thoughts. —ALEX A I think the second version is the correct one — it’s shorter and clearer. Rather than focusing on tenses, focus on the clean, short sentence. If something seems heavy and awkward to you, the writer — then it probably is. Always short sentences. Q I have constructed texts for a range of children’s picture books all based on working profession: bus driver, postman, footballer, cleaner, teacher, policeman to list a few. I’ve listed about thirty professions so far. I thought of titling them as Mr Bus Driver, Mr Postman and so on. Would I be infringing the Mr Men titles if I did or should I think of something else? —RAJIV A The Mr Men stories are based on characteristics, not on jobs — Mr Lazy, Mr Noisy, etc — so they bear no relation to your projects. However, you will come under fire from gender equality supporters — every job you list could equally be done by a woman. No teacher and few parents would find work useful if it implies that all professions are open only to men. I advise you to look at modern children’s books in a library or bookshop. 40. Alex wants to know how to___________. A. avoid uncertain terms in writing B. use tenses properly in one sentence C. improve grammatical skills D. focus on clear and short sentences 41. Diana reminds Rajiv that he will be severely criticized for___________. A. tending to hold gender prejudice B. breaking the law using Mr Men titles C. not characterizing enough professions D. not running a project related to education 42. Which of the following questions is not supposed to be asked if you email Diana? A. Is there a good market for traditional poems these days? B. Can you possibly evaluate my recently written novel enclosed? C. Where can I get some instructive books on writing for my son? D. How can I write an appropriate acknowledgement for my book? (C) On a September afternoon in 1940 four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old. The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period（旧石器时代）that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This corner of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）. The site, now known as Chauvet-Pont-1'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory. For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36,000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux—Chauvet's images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings. The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part-human, part-animal beings that are estimated to be 44,000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe. Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry. 43. According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings? A. In the woods on a hill B. In a deep cave in France. C. In a manor of Lascaux. D. On an Indonesian island 44. According to the passage figurative art in paragraph 2 is a form of art that_____________. A. conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms B. makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects C. represents persons or things in a realistic way D. expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns 45. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________. A. the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994 B. the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel C. Chauvet's images are the earliest figurative paintings that have been found D. the main objects of Chauvet's images are part-human, part-animal beings 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Value of Paleolithic Artwork B. Preservation of Figurative Art C. Artistic Expressions of Nature D. Searches for Cave Paintings Section C(8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Rise of Fake News In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC, where he opened fire in a pizzeria with a gun. He had formerly read an online news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers (虐童者). ____47____ The story above is one of the most famous examples of the growing phenomenon called "fake news’. The conspiracy theory (阴谋论) about the pizzeria began to appear on websites and social networks in late October. This was quickly claimed to be false news by publications such as The New York Times and The Washington Post. ____48____ Posts from ‘Representative Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the mainstream media were telling falsehoods. Even though both this name and district were invented, the message was re-posted many times. Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the exposing of a fake story by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet is very hard to police. ____49____ Reasons why people create fake news are various. Some have political motives, to belittle their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion, deliberately publish fake news as satire—humorous comment on society and current affairs. Another group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake news stories can bring in a lot of advertising income. One man running fake news sites from Los Angeles made up to US $30,000 a month in this way. ____50____ Some small-town teenagers in Macedonia, for instance, wrote fake news stories about famous people. A. A New York Times article on this got 250,000 hits. B. He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt. C. There are also those who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by boredom. D. Those amazing stories about famous people will be covered by the mainstream media if true. E. When caught misusing one media platform, users simply go to another one or start up a website themselves. F. However, many people thought these papers were themselves lying for political ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent. An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷(共40分) V. Translation(共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 经历了人生的起起落落，他现在后悔辞职了。(regret)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 不可否认的是他的粗心大意无法解释这次实验的失败。(account)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 国际组织是否会捐赠药物给发展中国家到目前为止仍未得到官方确认。(confirm)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 此次各地代表就气候问题未能达成一致意见的会议吸引了媒体的广泛关注。(where)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ VI. 76. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 志愿者是城市亮丽的风景，是社会跳动的脉搏。请结合具体事例（描述本人参与过的或观察到的），从志愿者个人、受助者群体和社会三个维度阐述志愿者服务的意义。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第二学期第一次教学质量调研 高二英语试卷(总分: 140分, 考试时间: 120分钟) 第Ⅰ卷(共100分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A(10 分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1 A. At a department store. B. At home. C. In the street. D. At a post office. 2. A.12:45. B.1:00. C. 1:15. D. 1:25. 3. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take. C. She hates packing by herself. D. She needs more time for packing. 4. A. Boss and secretary. B. Teacher and student. C. Dentist and patient. D. Salesman and customer. 5. A. The plane is delayed due to the heavy rain. B. The plane will arrive on time. C. The woman will take the next flight. D. The woman will demand a refund. 6. A. Difficult. B. Interesting. C. Fascinating. D. Boring. 7. A. The film is not worth seeing at all. B. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening C. The man doesn’t like watching films. D. The man can’t afford the time to go out this evening. 8. А. He has bought one to take care of himself. B. He has already known about Pepper. C. He shows great interest in the robot. D. He is worried about his late life. 9. A. He doesn’t enjoy short-distance trips as much as he used to. B. He doesn’t want to spend much time travelling from home to work. C. He doesn’t think he is qualified for the job. D. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family. 10. A. He regrets having made some purchase in the new shopping mall. B. He didn’t know there was a newly-opened shopping mall. C. He didn’t want to buy anything at the shopping mall. D. He bought much food at the shopping mall at a low price. Section B(15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 1690s. B. In the 1860s. C. In the 1890s. D. In the 1960s. 12. A. To be paid more than their male colleagues. B. To be given the same chance to succeed. C. To win respect from their male colleagues. D. To get promoted more quickly than their male colleagues. 13. A. Women’s ability to do important jobs. B. How to have more freedom. C. Concrete issues as well as attitudes and beliefs. D. How to contribute to the communities. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit. C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly. 15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory. C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it. 16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life. C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He didn’t know where to begin his talk. B. He failed in his exam. C. He felt difficult to get to sleep. D. He felt depressed most of the day. 18. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter. 19. A. He coughs more often and gets a cold easily. B. He can’t sleep well at night. C He gets angry easily at school. D. He always feels cold. 20. A. Take some medicine as required. B. Take part in physical activities regularly. C. Burn away his worries in the sun. D. Speak to someone about his problem. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Suspended Coffee How about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet? The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee”— i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks” it for someone ____1____(fortunate) — has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America participating in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”. The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy ____2____ increased in popularity after the Second World War. And the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries ____3____(hit) hard economically. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, ____4____(decide) to join the effort recently. “It’s a fantastic initiative, so we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’s front door, and____5____they see someone walking by who looks like they want a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer____6____(accept), they provide the coffee.” However, not everyone supports the idea. In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises a number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and____7____the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. “A $4 latte might make donors feel good, ____8____would that money better serve food banks?” she questions. Critics like Northrup urge people to consider other ways to help, such as____9____(donate) to organizations addressing root causes of poverty. _____10_____these concerns suspended coffee persists as a grassroots symbol of micro-philanthropy. From Naples to Toronto, it reminds us that small acts of kindness can ripple through communities — one steaming cup at a time. 【答案】1. less fortunate 2. that##which 3. hit 4. has decided 5. if##when##as 6. is accepted 7. that 8. but 9. donating 10. Despite 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了始于意大利那不勒斯的待用咖啡——即顾客为一杯咖啡买单，留待其他可能比较贫困的人士享用。这一做法已在国际互联网上引起轰动，欧洲和北美的咖啡店也参与了这一运动。 【1题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：这一想法，始于意大利那不勒斯，被称为“待用咖啡”——即顾客为一杯咖啡买单，并为不那么幸运的人“存入银行”——已在国际互联网上引起轰动，欧洲和北美的咖啡店也参与了这一运动。根据下文“we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless”、“they want a coffee but can’t afford it”可知，此处指的是为不那么幸运的人购买咖啡。应该用形容词比较级less fortunate，作后置定语，修饰someone，故填less fortunate。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“待用咖啡”的传统在意大利由来已久，二战后越来越受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是tradition，指物，关系词作从句主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种做法开始在其他遭受经济重创的欧洲国家流行起来。分析句子可知，此处作后置定语，逻辑主语countries与hit(打击，对……造成不良影响)为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填hit。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：最近加拿大咖啡连锁店“土生土长的汉密尔顿”也已经决定加入进来。decide是谓语动词，由recently可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，应用现在完成时，主语Homegrown Hamilton是第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has decided。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：工作人员总是离咖啡馆的前门很近，如果他们看到有人从旁边走过，看起来他们想要咖啡，但买不起，他们就会接近这个人。分析句子可知，空格处应填入从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，填入时间状语从句引导词when/as表“当……时候”，也可填入条件状语从句引导词if。故填if/when/as。 【6题详解】 考查动词的时态语态。句意：如果接受邀请，他们就会提供咖啡。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，应使用一般现在时。又因offer与accept是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is accepted。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：《消费主义者》专栏作家Laura Northrup在网站上的一篇帖子中提出了许多反对意见，包括咖啡对饥饿的人来说不是营养食品，这种行为可能导致“贪婪的人”利用他人的好意。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句引导词与and前的“that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry”一起并列作宾语。宾语从句中不缺任何成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：一杯4美元的拿铁咖啡可能会让捐赠者感觉很好，但这笔钱会更好地服务于食品银行吗？她问道。根据句意，此处用转折连词but连接前后文。故填but。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：像诺斯鲁普这样的批评人士敦促人们考虑其他帮助方式，比如捐款，向解决贫困根源的组织捐款。as是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填donating。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，待用咖啡仍然是草根微慈善的象征。空后是名词concerns，结合句意，此处使用介词despite“尽管”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。 Section B(10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. moral B. delivery C. justice D. temporary E. address F. demanding G. delighted H. identify I. leaving J. concerned K. approach The Struggle for Justice in Water Supply In a small town called Clearwater, the community was facing a severe water crisis. The local water supply had been polluted, ____11____ residents without access to clean drinking water. This crisis brought to light the pressing need for ____12____ in ensuring equal access to safe water for all. The town’s council initially tried to ____13____ the issue by implementing emergency measures. They set up ____14____ water stations and delivered bottled water to households. However, these efforts were not enough to meet the growing demand, and many residents still struggled to get enough water for their daily needs. As the crisis continued, tensions rose within the community. Some families, especially those in wealthier neighborhoods, were able to afford private water ____15____ services, while others had to rely on the limited public resources. This gap highlighted the moral responsibility of the government and society as a whole to ensure fair distribution of essential resources like water A group of ____16____ citizens decided to take action. They organized protests and rallies, ____17____ that the town’s council take more effective steps to solve the water supply problem. Their message was clear: access to clean water is a basic human right, and everyone should be treated equally. The pressure from the community forced the town’s council to reevaluate their ____18____. They began working with environmental experts to ____19____ the source of the pollution and develop long-term solutions. In the meantime, they increased the number of water stations and improved the distribution system to reach more residents. In the end, the struggle for justice in water supply not only resolved the immediate crisis but also strengthened the bond between the residents of Clearwater. It served as a reminder that in the face of adversity, ____20____ principles and a commitment to fairness can make a significant difference in the lives of everyone. 【答案】11. I 12. C 13. E 14. D 15. B 16. J 17. F 18. K 19. H 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫清水镇的小镇，那里的社区正面临严重的水危机。当地政府和居民共同努力解决这一问题的故事。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当地供水受到污染，使居民无法获得干净的饮用水。根据句意可知，此处意为“使……处于……状态”，故应用leaving作结果状语，故选I。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：这场危机表明，迫切需要伸张正义，确保所有人都能平等获得安全用水。根据句意可知，此处意为“正义”，故应用名词justice作宾语，故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：镇议会最初试图通过实施紧急措施来解决这个问题。根据句意可知，此处意为“解决，处理”，故应用动词address，故选E。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们设立了临时供水站，并向家庭运送瓶装水。根据句意可知，此处意为“临时的”，故应用形容词temporary作定语，修饰名词短语water stations，故选D。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些家庭，特别是那些在较富裕社区的家庭，能够负担得起私人送水服务，而另一些家庭则不得不依靠有限的公共资源。根据句意可知，此处意为“递送服务”，故应用名词delivery作定语，修饰名词services，故选B。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一群关心此事的市民决定采取行动。根据句意可知，此处“关心的”，故应用形容词concerned作定语，修饰名词citizens，故选J。 【17题详解】 考查动词的非谓语动词。句意：他们组织了抗议和集会，要求镇议会采取更有效的措施来解决供水问题。根据句意可知，此处意为“要求”，故应用现在分词demanding作状语，故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：来自社区的压力迫使镇议会重新评估他们的方法。根据句意可知，此处意为“方法”，故应用名词approach作宾语，故选K。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们开始与环境专家合作，找出污染源并制定长期解决方案。根据句意可知，此处意为“找出，识别，鉴别”，故应用动词identify，故选H。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它提醒我们，在面对逆境时，道德原则和对公平的承诺可以对每个人的生活产生重大影响。根据句意可知，此处意为“道德准则”，故应用形容词moral作定语，修饰名词principles，故选A。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分, 每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. ____21____the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent (气味) of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test____22____by many business schools. The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only____23____the hidden force of scent and the cognitive (认知) improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also the expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings. “It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already____24____,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this____25____was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.” ____26____, smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent. Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the____27____of a coffee-like scent, while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored____28____higher on the test. Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase____29____and consequently improve performance? The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on_____30_____about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that_____31_____to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic. Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n)_____32_____placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding-that coffee-like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance—has many practical_____33_____, including several for business. “Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help_____34_____employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and_____35_____.” 21. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to 22. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired 23. A. contributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights 24. A. encouraging B. confusing C. conflicting D. challenging 25 A. responsibility B. demonstration C. expectation D. explanation 26. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all 27. A. lack B. absence C. withdrawal D. presence 28. A. typically B. significantly C. delightedly D. appropriately 29. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context 30. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief 31. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative 32. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated 33. A. simplifications B. descriptions C. resignations D. applications 34. A. boost B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect 35. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategy 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究表明，咖啡的香味似乎能提高人们分析任务的表现。这一发现还能应用到许多商业上。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：除了身体上的改善，咖啡还可以降低我们患心脏病的风险。A. In contrast to与……形成对照；B. Contrary to违反，与……相反；C. In addition to另外，除……之外；D. Equivalent to等于，相当于。根据后文“coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease”可知，咖啡还能降低我们患心脏病的作用，因此此处表示除了身体上的改善还有其他好处。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，研究还显示，咖啡的香味可能有助于人们在研究生管理能力测试(Graduate Management Aptitude Test，简称GMAT)的分析部分表现得更好，GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。A. acquired取得，获得；B. required需要，要求；C. justified调整；D. inquired询问，问明。根据空前“a computer adaptive test”可知，此处表示GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由著名教授Adriana Madzharov领导的研究，不仅强调了气味的隐藏力量，以及它可能在分析任务中提供的认知改善，而且还期望学生在这些任务中会表现得更好。A. contributes奉献；B. stimulates刺激，鼓舞；C. dominates控制，统治；D. highlights使突出，强调。根据空文“the hidden force of scent and the cognitive improvement”可知，此处指这项研究强调了咖啡气味的隐藏力量。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov说：“这不仅仅是因为咖啡的香味可以帮助人们更好地完成分析任务，这已经是令人鼓舞的了。”A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. conflicting相矛盾的，冲突的；D. challenging挑战的。根据上文“the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks”可知，咖啡的香味可以帮助人们更好地完成分析任务，这结果是令人鼓舞的。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但他们也认为自己会做得更好，我们证明，这种预期至少在一定程度上是他们表现的改善的原因。”A. responsibility责任；B. demonstration证明；C. expectation预期；D. explanation解释。根据后文的词义复现“an expectation that a coffee scent would increase____9____and consequently improve performance”可知，咖啡香味可以提高他们的表现，这是一个预期，因此这种预期在一定程度上改善了他们的表现。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：简而言之，闻一种不含咖啡因类似咖啡的气味，其效果与喝咖啡的效果相似，表明咖啡气味具有安慰剂效应。A. In short总之，简言之；B. By comparison相比之下，比较起来；C. In particular尤其，特别；D. After all毕竟。根据前文““It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already____4____,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this____5___was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.””和后文“smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent.”可知，空后是对空前的总结，故应用短语in short表示结论。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一组在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试，而另一组在没有香味的房间里做同样的测试。A. lack缺乏，不足；B. absence缺席；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. presence存在，出席。根据后文“while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room”可知，另一组在没有香气的房间，因此这一组是在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试。in the presence意为“存在，有……”。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，在有咖啡香味房间的这一组这一次在测试上得分要高得多。A. typically典型地；B. significantly显著地，相当地；C. delightedly高兴地；D. appropriately合适地。根据空后“higher on the test”可知，此在有咖啡香味房间的这一组这一次在测试上得分要高得多。因此应用副词significantly修饰形容词higher。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一组人在快速思考方面的表现，在某种程度上讲，是否可以用一种期望来解释，即咖啡香味会提高警觉性，从而改善表现？A. comprehension理解，包含；B. alertness警觉；C. conscience良心；D. context环境，上下文。根据后文的词义复现“Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent”可知，参加者认为咖啡的香气能让他们更加警觉、更充满活力，故此处指咖啡香味会提高警觉性。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队设计了一项后续调查，对200多名新参与者进行了调查，询问他们对各种气味的看法及其对人类表现的影响。A. evidence证据；B. definition定义；C. symptom症状；D. belief信念，看法。根据空后“about various scents”可知，此处用belief表示对各种气味的看法。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者认为，与有花香或没有花香相比，他们在有咖啡香味的环境中会更加警觉和精力充沛；而暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。A. adaptation适应；B. commitment承诺，保证；C. exposure暴露，接触；D. alternative替代品。根据上文“Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent”可知，参加者认为咖啡的香气能让他们更加警觉、更充满活力，因此暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov现在正在研究类似咖啡的气味是否会对其他类型的表现产生类似的安慰剂效应，比如语言推理。A. similar相似的；B. concrete具体的，实在的；C. modified改进的，修改的；D. estimated估计的，预计的。根据前文“The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.”可知，实验结果表明，咖啡香气能让人更警惕更充满活力，从改善表现，因此Madzharov继续研究咖啡的气味是否会对其他类型的表现产生相似的安慰剂效应。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还表示，这一发现——类似咖啡的气味可以作为分析推理能力的安慰剂——有许多实际应用，包括一些商业应用。A. simplifications简单化；B. descriptions描述，描写；C. resignations辞职，放弃；D. applications应用。根据后文“including several for business”可知，包括几个商业方面，故此处指她的这一发现还有着许多实际的应用。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：雇主、建筑师、建筑开发商、零售空间经理和其他人都可以使用香气来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。A. boost增加，提高；B. evaluate评价，估价；C. exploit开发，开拓；D. prospect勘探，勘察。根据上文““Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,””可知，嗅觉是我们最强大的感官之一，因此可以使用气味来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个极具吸引力和潜力的领域。A. negotiation谈判，转让；B. priority优先；C. potential潜能；D. strategy策略。根据前文“Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help____14____employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment.”可知，雇主、建筑师、建筑开发商、零售空间经理和其他人都可以使用香气来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验，因此这是一个极具吸引力和潜力的领域。故选C。 Section B(24分, 每题2分) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing. The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.” Then she gave the shop owner the food stamps(食品券). My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume? As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better. My heart pounded as I approached the woman. “Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit,“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.” I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.” I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?” After that, I walked back to my car and began to cry too. The words on the card? “You Matter.” A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing them. 36. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs? A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son. B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free. C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman. 37. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because______. A. it greatly encouraged her B. she could use it to buy food C. it could solve her present problem D. it could land her husband a job 38. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means______. A. interested B. grateful C. ashamed D. astonished 39. From the article, we can tell that the author is a______person. A. smart B. kind-hearted C. knowledgeable D. confident 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者用“你很重要”卡片鼓励一个生活艰难的陌生女人的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据前三段内容，特别是根据第二段中的“Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays”可知，收银员问她最近过得怎么样时，她回答说不太好，丈夫刚丢了工作，儿子又开始耍老把戏了，事实上，她都不知道如何度过假期，由此可知，那个女人和她的家人过着艰难的生活，故C项正确。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第九段“When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”可知，当那个女人看到卡片上的两个字时哭了，她泪流满面地说：“你不知道这对我有多重要”，再根据倒数第二段“You Matter.”及最后一段中的“a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project ”可知，卡片上的两个字是：你很重要，一个同事也给过作者类似的卡片作为鼓励，由此可知那个女人哭了是因为这两个字给处于困难时期的她带来了鼓励，故A项正确。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?””可知，作者从来没有经历过这样的事情，不知道会得到什么样的反应，这说明那个女人的反应让作者感到很吃惊、不知所措，由此可知画线词词义为“吃惊的”，故D项正确。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第四段中的“My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.”及第五段中的“I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.”可知，作者在商店的收银台结账时偶然听到一个女人最近的生活很艰难，于是想要帮她却又不知如何帮忙，最后通过一张卡片上的字给她鼓励，由此可知，作者是一个心地善良的人，故B项正确。 【点睛】本篇第3题词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词后对作者的反应和心理活动是关键，根据画线词后的“Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?””可知，作者从来没有经历过这样的事情，不知道会得到什么样的反应，这说明那个女人的反应让作者感到很吃惊、不知所措，由此可知画线词词义为“吃惊的”，故D项正确。 (B) Helpline Your writing problems solved with advice from Dana Cambridge Email your inquiries to Diana at: diana@dianacambridge.co.uk. She will answer as many letters as she can on the page. Publication of answers may take several months. Helpline cannot personally answer inquiries such as where to offer work, or comment on your book, which you are asked not to send. Q Is it wrong — either grammatically or in terms of style — to mix the simple past tense with the past perfect in one sentence? To give an example, the following seems a bit heavy and awkward to me: "There had been a time when she had been happier.’ I prefer: ‘There had been a time when she was happier.’ Any thoughts. —ALEX A I think the second version is the correct one — it’s shorter and clearer. Rather than focusing on tenses, focus on the clean, short sentence. If something seems heavy and awkward to you, the writer — then it probably is. Always short sentences. Q I have constructed texts for a range of children’s picture books all based on working profession: bus driver, postman, footballer, cleaner, teacher, policeman to list a few. I’ve listed about thirty professions so far. I thought of titling them as Mr Bus Driver, Mr Postman and so on. Would I be infringing the Mr Men titles if I did or should I think of something else? —RAJIV A The Mr Men stories are based on characteristics, not on jobs — Mr Lazy, Mr Noisy, etc — so they bear no relation to your projects. However, you will come under fire from gender equality supporters — every job you list could equally be done by a woman. No teacher and few parents would find work useful if it implies that all professions are open only to men. I advise you to look at modern children’s books in a library or bookshop. 40. Alex wants to know how to___________. A. avoid uncertain terms in writing B. use tenses properly in one sentence C. improve grammatical skills D. focus on clear and short sentences 41. Diana reminds Rajiv that he will be severely criticized for___________. A. tending to hold gender prejudice B. breaking the law using Mr Men titles C. not characterizing enough professions D. not running a project related to education 42. Which of the following questions is not supposed to be asked if you email Diana? A. Is there a good market for traditional poems these days? B. Can you possibly evaluate my recently written novel enclosed? C. Where can I get some instructive books on writing for my son? D. How can I write an appropriate acknowledgement for my book? 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章列举了一些向戴安娜咨询的问题。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Q部分“Is it wrong — either grammatically or in terms of style — to mix the simple past tense with the past perfect in one sentence? (在一个句子中把一般过去时和过去完成时混合在一起，无论是从语法上还是从书写习惯上来说，都是错误的吗？)”可知，他想知道如何在一个句子中正确使用时态。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, you will come under fire from gender equality supporters — every job you list could equally be done by a woman. No teacher and few parents would find work useful if it implies that all professions are open only to men. (然而，你会受到性别平等支持者的抨击——你列出的每一项工作都可以由女性来完成。如果一份工作暗示所有的职业都只对男性开放，那么没有教师和父母会觉得这份工作有用。)”可知，戴安娜提醒拉吉夫，他会因为持有性别偏见而受到严厉批评。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Helpline cannot personally answer inquiries such as where to offer work, or comment on your book, which you are asked not to send. (帮助热线不能亲自回答诸如在哪里提供工作或评论你的书等问题，这些都是你被要求不要发送的。)”可知，如果你给戴安娜发邮件，“你能评价一下我最近写的小说吗？”是不应该被问到的。故选B。 (C) On a September afternoon in 1940, four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old. The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period（旧石器时代）that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This corner of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）. The site, now known as Chauvet-Pont-1'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory. For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36,000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux—Chauvet's images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings. The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part-human, part-animal beings that are estimated to be 44,000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe. Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry. 43. According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings? A. In the woods on a hill B. In a deep cave in France. C. In a manor of Lascaux. D. On an Indonesian island 44. According to the passage, figurative art in paragraph 2 is a form of art that_____________. A. conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms B. makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects C. represents persons or things in a realistic way D. expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns 45. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________. A. the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994 B. the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel C. Chauvet's images are the earliest figurative paintings that have been found D. the main objects of Chauvet's images are part-human, part-animal beings 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Value of Paleolithic Artwork B. Preservation of Figurative Art C. Artistic Expressions of Nature D. Searches for Cave Paintings 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了洞穴壁画的发现和研究。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.”（他们是来探索一个又黑又深的洞的，据说这是通往附近拉斯科庄园的地下通道。他们一个接一个地从入口处挤进去，很快就看到了栩栩如生的绘画，有奔跑的马、游泳的鹿、受伤的野牛，以及其他生灵，这些艺术品可能已有两万多年的历史了。）可知男孩们在法国一个很深的洞穴里发现了这些画。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）”（在这里，史前艺术家们用摇曳的火光勾勒出洞穴狮子、成群的犀牛、壮丽的野牛、马和洞穴熊的轮廓。总共，艺术家们用近40万平方英尺的洞穴表面作为画布，在大约数千年的时间里画了442只动物）可知 figurative art是一种通过使用形状和图案来表达思想或感情的艺术形式。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France”（自拉斯科洞窟以来最大的发现发生在1994年12月，当时三名洞穴探险家发现了一些艺术品，这些艺术品自2.2万年前法国南部一个巨大的深洞被岩崩封闭以来就再也没有出现过）可知直到1994年，肖维家族的画作一直被岩崩封住。故选A。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段“ they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.”（他们很快就看到了栩栩如生的油画，有奔跑的马、游泳的鹿、受伤的野牛，以及其他生灵，这些艺术品可能已有两万多年的历史了。）引出对拉斯科洞穴壁画的发现；后面第二段、第三段和第四段主要讲述洞穴壁画的研究以及世界上最古老洞穴壁画的寻找工作仍在继续。可知文章主要讲述的是寻找洞穴壁画。故选D。 Section C(8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Rise of Fake News In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC, where he opened fire in a pizzeria with a gun. He had formerly read an online news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers (虐童者). ____47____ The story above is one of the most famous examples of the growing phenomenon called "fake news’. The conspiracy theory (阴谋论) about the pizzeria began to appear on websites and social networks in late October. This was quickly claimed to be false news by publications such as The New York Times and The Washington Post. ____48____ Posts from ‘Representative Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the mainstream media were telling falsehoods. Even though both this name and district were invented, the message was re-posted many times. Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the exposing of a fake story by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet is very hard to police. ____49____ Reasons why people create fake news are various. Some have political motives, to belittle their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion, deliberately publish fake news as satire—humorous comment on society and current affairs. Another group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake news stories can bring in a lot of advertising income. One man running fake news sites from Los Angeles made up to US $30,000 a month in this way. ____50____ Some small-town teenagers in Macedonia, for instance, wrote fake news stories about famous people. A. A New York Times article on this got 250,000 hits. B. He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt. C. There are also those who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by boredom. D. Those amazing stories about famous people will be covered by the mainstream media if true. E. When caught misusing one media platform, users simply go to another one or start up a website themselves. F. However, many people thought these papers were themselves lying for political ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed. 【答案】47. B 48. F 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了假新闻的兴起、传播原因、难以控制的因素以及人们创造假新闻的动机。 【47题详解】 根据上文“In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC, where he opened fire in a pizzeria with a gun. He had formerly read an online news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers(虐童者).(2016年12月，Edgar M. Welch从家中驱车六小时抵达华盛顿特区，在一家披萨店内开枪射击。此前，他在网上读到一则新闻故事，称这家餐厅是一群虐童者的总部。)”可知，Edgar M. Welch开车到华盛顿特区的一家披萨店开枪，因为他之前读到关于这家餐厅是虐童者总部的新闻故事。选项B“He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt.(他决定亲自去一探究竟；幸运的是，没有人在这起事件中受伤。)”进一步说明了他去披萨店的原因以及事件的结果，与前文衔接紧密。故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上文“The story above is one of the most famous examples of the growing phenomenon called "fake news’. The conspiracy theory (阴谋论) about the pizzeria began to appear on websites and social networks in late October. This was quickly claimed to be false news by publications such as The New York Times and The Washington Post.(上面这个故事是日益增多的“假新闻”现象中最著名的例子之一。关于这家披萨店的阴谋论在10月下旬开始出现在各类网站和社交网络上。很快，《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》等刊物就宣称这是一则假新闻。)”可知，上文说关于披萨店的阴谋论被《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》等出版物宣称是假新闻；而下文“Posts from ‘Representative Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the mainstream media were telling falsehoods.(来自“佐治亚州第 15 选区众议员” Steven Smith的帖子声称，主流媒体在讲述虚假内容。)”提到Steven Smith的帖子声称主流媒体在说谎。选项F“However, many people thought these papers were themselves lying for political ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed.(然而，许多人认为这些报纸本身是为了政治目的而撒谎，这则假新闻不但没有销声匿迹，反而像滚雪球一样越传越广。)”起到了承上启下的作用，说明了假新闻没有被遏制反而传播得更广的情况。故选F。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the exposing of a fake story by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet is very hard to police.(假新闻故事难以控制有几个原因。许多人不信任已有的新闻来源，还有一些人根本不看这些新闻，所以严肃的报纸或电视频道对假新闻的揭露效果有限。此外，互联网监管难度极大。)”可知，上文提到假新闻很难控制，原因一是很多人不信任权威新闻来源，二是互联网很难监管。选项E“When caught misusing one media platform, users simply go to another one or start up a website themselves.(当用户被发现滥用一个媒体平台时，他们只需转战另一个平台，或者自己创建一个网站。)”进一步解释了互联网难以监管导致假新闻难以控制的原因。故选E。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Reasons why people create fake news are various. Some have political motives, to belittle their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion, deliberately publish fake news as satire—humorous comment on society and current affairs. Another group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake news stories can bring in a lot of advertising income. One man running fake news sites from Los Angeles made up to US $30,000 a month in this way.(人们制造假新闻的原因多种多样。有些人有政治动机，想要贬低他们的对手。像《洋葱报》这样的其他网站，则故意发布假新闻作为讽刺——对社会和时事进行幽默的评论。另一类人这么做是为了盈利：很多人点击那些娱乐性的假新闻故事能带来大量的广告收入。一名在洛杉矶运营假新闻网站的男子通过这种方式每月能赚取高达3万美元。)”可知，上文介绍了人们制造假新闻的各种原因，包括政治动机、讽刺社会和时事、为了盈利等；而下文“Some small-town teenagers in Macedonia, for instance, wrote fake news stories about famous people.(例如，马其顿的一些小镇青少年就写了一些关于名人的假新闻故事。)”举例说明一些马其顿的小镇青少年写关于名人的假新闻故事。选项C“There are also those who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by boredom.(也有一些人似乎部分是受金钱的驱使，部分是因为无聊才这么做。)”既承接了前文关于制造假新闻原因的讨论，又与后文青少年的例子相呼应，说明了还有一部分人制造假新闻的原因仅仅是因为无聊。故选C。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent. An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Nowadays, more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去，公司提拔员工是通过对员工过去的表现和资历的分析。然而，在当代的商业世界，为了适应市场的变化，为了满足他们的需要，公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工。他们更愿意引入新思路和新技术，也不害怕打破传统。因此，与提拔现有员工相比，从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策。 【详解】1 要点摘录①It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. ②However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. ③Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. ④An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句In the contemporary business world, there is no need to consider employee’s seniority. The most important things for a company are innovative and creative talents . Outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. It stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level. 【点睛】[高分句型1] However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. 运用一个复杂的主从复食句承接上文，引出下文。as引导原因状语从句。however 表示转折，引出文章主旨。 [高分句型2]：An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.用that引导的表语从句写出了公司用外部员工的另一个理由。 第Ⅱ卷(共40分) V. Translation(共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 经历了人生的起起落落，他现在后悔辞职了。(regret)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Having experienced the ups and downs in life, he now regrets resigning from his job. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。描述现在的事实用一般现在时，“经历了人生的起起落落”是已完成动作对现在的影响，使用现在分词短语作状语，表原因或伴随状态，与主句逻辑主语一致（he），译为Having experienced the ups and downs in life，regret后接动名词（regret doing）表示“对做过的事后悔”，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。“辞职”译为resign from the job，故翻译为Having experienced the ups and downs in life, he now regrets resigning from his job. 53. 不可否认的是他的粗心大意无法解释这次实验的失败。(account)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is undeniable that his carelessness cannot account for the failure of this experiment. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和主语从句。“不可否认的是……”用句型It is undeniable that…，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句；“粗心大意”用名词carelessness；“解释”用短语account for；“这次实验的失败”翻译为the failure of this experiment；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为It is undeniable that his carelessness cannot account for the failure of this experiment. 54. 国际组织是否会捐赠药物给发展中国家到目前为止仍未得到官方确认。(confirm)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether international organizations will donate medicines to developing countries has not been officially confirmed so far. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、语态、主语从句。表示“是否”用whether，引导主语从句。从句中：表示“国际组织”用international organizations，作从句主语；表示“向某人捐赠某物”用donate sth. to sb.，句子陈述还未发生的动作，应用一般将来时；表示“药物”用medicine，作宾语，此处表示泛指用复数形式medicines；表示“发展中国家”用developing countries，作介词to的宾语。表示“确认”用confirm，句子描述的是到现在为止的情况，时态用现在完成时，主语为整个主语从句，看作第三人称单数，助动词用has，且与confirm为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语用has not been officially confirmed。表示“到目前为止”用so far，作时间状语。故翻译为Whether international organizations will donate medicines to developing countries has not been officially confirmed so far. 55. 此次各地代表就气候问题未能达成一致意见的会议吸引了媒体的广泛关注。(where)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The conference where representatives from various places failed to reach an agreement on the climate issue has attracted wide media attention. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。根据要求，句中用定语从句。“会议”用名词conference，为定语从句先行词，在从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导；“各地代表”翻译为representatives from various place；“未能做某事”用短语fail to do sth.；“达成一致意见”用短语reach an agreement；“气候问题”翻译为the climate issue；“吸引了媒体的广泛关注”翻译为attract wide media attention。根据句意，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故翻译为The conference where representatives from various places failed to reach an agreement on the climate issue has attracted wide media attention. VI. 76. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 志愿者是城市亮丽的风景，是社会跳动的脉搏。请结合具体事例（描述本人参与过的或观察到的），从志愿者个人、受助者群体和社会三个维度阐述志愿者服务的意义。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Volunteer work is truly a remarkable aspect of our society. I once participated in a volunteer activity at an elderly care home. From the volunteer’s perspective, it was a fulfilling experience. I got to use my time and energy to bring joy. For the recipients, the elderly in this case, the volunteers’ presence was like a ray of sunshine. They had been longing for company, and our arrival brightened their days. We listened to their stories, which made them feel heard and valued. On a social level, such volunteer services strengthen the bonds within the community. It sets a positive example, encouraging more people to care about the vulnerable. This kind of altruistic behavior promotes a harmonious and caring social environment, making our city a more beautiful place to live. Volunteer work, thus, is of great significance in multiple dimensions. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于英语中的短文写作。要求考生结合具体事例从志愿者个人、受助者群体和社会三个维度阐述志愿者服务的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：participate in→ take part in 开心：joy→ happiness 渴望：long for→ be desperate for 重要性：significance→ importance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This kind of altruistic behavior promotes a harmonious and caring social environment, making our city a more beautiful place to live. 拓展句：This kind of altruistic behavior promotes a harmonious and caring social environment, which makes our city a more beautiful place to live. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We listened to their stories, which made them feel heard and valued.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】It sets a positive example, encouraging more people to care about the vulnerable..（运用了现在作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$