选修3 过去分词作宾补-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 选修3U3过去分词作宾补 考频分析 过去分词作宾补是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在以下核心题型：单 项选择（1-2题)人、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析）。在语境理解类题 目中，过去分词作宾补与动词搭配的固定用法及与现在分词作宾补的区别往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对过去分词作宾补的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构识别：及物动词+宾语+过去分词（如have sth done,get sth done,make sth done)的固定 搭配与构成形式： ·逻辑关系判断：过去分词与宾语之间的被动关系或完成意义（如I heard the song sung),区分主动关系 (doing)与被动关系(done); ·语境应用辨析：在感官动词(see,hear,watch等)、使役动词(have,make,get等)后的使用场景，以 及with复合结构中过去分词作宾补的句法功能（如with the work finished)。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去分词作宾补的定义及用法 ·定义（补充说明宾语状态/动作） 一过去分词作宾补时，与宾语构成“逻辑上的被动关系”或“完成状态”，补充说明宾语的动作已被执行 或所处状态。 -例句：口I heard the song sung in English.(song与sing是被动关系，“歌被唱”)口e found the room cleaned.(room与clean是被动关系，“房间被打扫") ·常见适用动词类型 -感官动词：see/hear/watch/.feel/notice→例句：She saw the window broken by a stone. -使役动词：have/get/make/keep→例句：My mother had her hair cut yesterday.(have sth.done结 构，“让某事被做”) -表示“希望I要求”的动词：want/wish/order/expect→例句：He wants the work finished by Friday. ·被动语态中的转换 一主动句中“动词+宾语+过去分词宾补”结构，变为被动句时，宾语变为主语，过去分词保持宾补功 能（此时称为“主语补足语”）。 -例句：主动：e kept the door locked.→被动：The door was kept locked.(locked由宾补转为主补) ·与现在分词作宾补的区别 -过去分词：表被动/完成（宾语是动作承受者）→例句：I found the letter opened.(信已被打开) -现在分词：表主动/进行（宾语是动作发出者）→例句：I found him reading a book.(他正在读书) 【即学即练】 1.【定义辨析】过去分词作宾补时，与宾语的逻辑关系是？ A.主动/进行 B.被动完成 C.主动/完成 D.被动/进行 2.【动词类型】下列哪个动词后不能接过去分词作宾补？ A.see B.run C.have D.want 3.【句式转换】将主动句Ve kept the door locked.”转换为被动句：一 4.【形式辨析】I found the letter_(open)应填？ A.open B.opening C.opened D.to open 5.【逻辑关系】过去分词作宾补表被动，现在分词作宾补表一。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：过去分词作宾补的特殊结构与易错点 ·have/get sth.done结构（让某事被做） 1.含义区别 -have sth.done:强调“让他人完成某事”（主语不亲自做）或“意外遭受某事”（主语被动承受） -get sth.done:☐语中更强调“设法完成某事”，动作执行者不明确 2.结构对比 -have sth.done:主语+have+宾语+过去分词 -get sth.done:主语+get+宾语+过去分词 3.例句对比 -口He had his car repaired last week.(他上周让人修了车)→他人完成 -口She got her homework finished before dinner..(她晚饭前设法做完了作业)→设法完成 -口They had their house broken into last night..(昨晚他们家被人闯入了)→意外遭受 ·with+宾语+过去分词（独立主格结构） 一功能 *表示伴随状态或条件，补充说明主句动作发生时宾语所处的状态 一结构 *wth+宾语+过去分词（宾语与过去分词是被动关系） -例句 *口Nith the problem solved,we went home happily.(问题被解决后，我们开心地回家了) *口She stood there with her eyes fixed on the painting.(她站在那里，眼晴盯着那幅画) ·感官动词后宾补的省略情况 -省略to的不定式vs过去分词 *感官动词see/hear/watch/notice后接不定式作宾补时省略to(强调动作全过程)，接过去分词时强 调被动结果 一例句对比 *口I saw him cross the road.(我看见他过了马路)→不定式省略to,主动全过程 *口I saw him knocked down by a bike.(我看见他被自行车撞倒了)→过去分词，被动结果 ·易错点辨析：“be+过去分词”Vs过去分词作宾补 -句子成分差异 *“b+过去分词”是谓语（被动语态），过去分词作宾补是非谓语（补充说明宾语）》 一例句对比 *口The window was broken by Tom.(窗户被汤姆打破了)→被动语态（谓语） *口I found the window broken.(我发现窗户被打破了)→过去分词作宾补（非谓语） 知识点三：过去分词作宾补的语境应用与高考真题链接 ·语境应用：不同场景下的过去分词选择 一基础场景辨析（高考基础）： *口描述“发现/感知到已完成的被动动作”→例句：hen I entered the room,I found the lights turned o并.（我进房间时发现灯已被关掉） *口表达“希望I要求某事被完成”→例句：The manager required the report submitted by Friday.(经 理要求报告周五前提交) *口表示“使某物处于某种被动状态”→例句：Keep the door closed,please.(请让门保持关闭状 态) 一高考高频场景（真实语用）： *口新闻报道中描述“事故/事件的结果”→例句：The storm left several houses destroyed.(风暴导 致多间房屋被毁) *口科技类文本中说明“设备/实验的状态”→例句：Scientists observed the reaction completed in 10 minutes.(科学家观察到反应在10分钟内完成) ·高考真题解析与模拟练习 -真题重现(2023年上海卷语法填空)： The workers had the machine_(check)again to ensure safety.(checked) *解析：考查have sth.done结构，machine与check是被动关系，“让机器被检查”。 -模拟单选（高考难度）： 1.I heard my name_at the meeting yesterday. A.call B.calling C.called D.to call *(答案：C,name与call是被动关系，“名字被呼叫”) 2.You should get your hair_before the interview. A.cut B.cutting C.to cut D.cutted *(答案：A,get sth.done结构，cut的过去分词为原形cut) 3.The teacher found the blackboard_when she came in. A.cleaning B.cleaned C.to clean D.clean *(答案：B,blackboard与clean是被动关系，“黑板被擦干净”) ·学法指导：三步判断过去分词作宾补 -口找动词：确认句中是否有感官/使役/希望类动词（如see,have,want) 一口析关系：判断宾语与动词的逻辑关系（被动/完成→过去分词；主动/进行→现在分词） -口看结构：检查是否符合“动词+宾语+过去分词”基本框架或have/get sth.done等特殊结构 -例句验证： She wants the project_(complete)by next month. *口动词：want(希望类动词) *·关系：project(宾语)与complete(被动关系，“项目被完成”) *口结构：want sth.done→填completed 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：过去分词作宾补的基本用法辨析 ·核心：根据动词类型及宾语与动作的逻辑关系（被动/完成），判断是否使用过去分词作宾补 ·真题1（语法填空）： -I found the door_(lock)when I got home.(答案：locked) 一解析：句中动词found为感官动词，door与lock是被动关系(“门被锁”)，需用过去分词作宾补，故 填locked。. ·真题2（完形填空）： She noticed her wallet_on the bus this morning. A.steal B.stealing C.stolen D.to steal -答案：C解析：动词noticed为感官动词，wallet与steal是被动关系(“钱包被偷”)，需用过去分词 作宾补，故选C。 考法二：have/get sth.done结构辨析与语境应用 ·核心：根据语境判断动作执行者、主语意图及动作状态，区分have sth.done与get sth.done的用法 差异，并结合被动完成含义选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The old man_(have)his watch repaired yesterday because it didn't work. -答案：had解析：由时间标志词“yesterday?”及“手表被修理”的被动关系可知，此处强调“让他人 完成某事”，用have sth.done结构；动作发生在过去，have的过去式为had。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -Lily finally-her homeworkbefore the deadline after staying up late. A.got;finished B.had;finishing C.got;finishing D.had;finished -答案：A解析：由“staying up late'”(熬夜)可知，此处强调“设法完成某事”，用get sth.done结 构；finish与homework为被动关系，需用过去分词finished,故选A。 考法三：过去分词作宾补与被动语态转换及特殊结构综合应用 ·核心：结合语境判断过去分词作宾补与被动语态的区别，掌握have/get sth.done结构在不同场景中的 应用及主动句与被动句的转换 ·真题1（单项选择）： -I found the old photos_in the drawer when I cleaned my room yesterday,and they_by my mother many years ago A.hidden;were taken B.hiding;took C.hidden;took D.hiding;were taken -答案：A解析：第一空考查过去分词作宾补，photos与hide是被动关系，“照片被藏在抽屉里”，用 过去分词hidden;第二空考查被动语态，they指代photos,与take是被动关系，“照片被妈妈拍摄”， 由时间标志词“many years ago”可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were+过去分词”，take的 过去分词为taken。, ·真题2（语法填空）： -The workers had the machine_(check)again before starting work,and now it_(keep)in good condition. -答案：checked;is kept解析：第一空考查have sth..done结构，machine与check是被动关系，“让 机器被检查”，用过去分词checked;第二空考查被动语态，it指代machine,与keep是被动关系，“机 器被保持在良好状态”，由now可知用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is+过去分词”，keep的过去分 词为kept。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We saw the old house_by the fire last night. A.bum B.buming C.bumed D.to burn 2.The manager wants the report-by the end of this week. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 3.My father had his car__yesterday because of the accident. A.repair B.repairing C.repaired D.to repair 4.I found my wallet when I got off the bus. A.steal B.stealing C.stolen D.to steal 5.You should get your bike_before the trip. A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix 6.The teacher noticed the students _the test papers quietly. A.hand in B.handing in C.handed in D.to hand in 7.They_their house painted last month. A.have B.had C.get D.got 8.She heard her name_at the meeting this morning. A.call B.calling C.called D.to call 9.The workers kept the machines_all night. A.run B.running C.ran D.to run 10.I found the letter_on the desk when I came back. A.lie B.lying C.lain D.laid 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We had the walls_(paint)last week. 2.She wants her homework_(finish)by tomorrow. 3.I heard the song_(sing)in the next room. 4.They found the lost child(hide)in the forest. 5.The boss ordered the work_(complete)immediately. 6.You should get your hair(cut)before the party. 7.We saw the thief_(catch)by the police. 8.He kept the door_(lock)all day. 9.The storm left many trees_(fall)on the road. 10.I found my keys_(leave)in the office. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last weekend,I decided to clean my room.When I opened the old box under the bed,I found a photo album (hide)inside.The album was covered with dust,so I had it(clean)carefully.As I turned the pages,I saw many pictures-(take)during my childhood.One photo showed me_(hold)a red balloon at my fifth birthday party.My mother later told me that the balloon was_(blow)away by the wind soon after the photo was taken. In the afternoon,I went to the library and noticed a book_(leave)on a chair.I picked it up and found the owner's name_(write)on the first page.I immediately took it to the front desk and asked the librarian -(contact)the owner.Before leaving,I got my library card_(renew)because it was about to expire. On my way home,I saw a street artist_(draw)a portrait of a little girl.The girl sat quietly,with her eyes _(fix)on the artist's hands.I stopped for a moment and watched the painting_(complete)in just 10 minutes.It was a beautiful day filled with unexpected discoveries! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.C3.C4.C5.C6.C7.B8.C9.C10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.painted 2.finished 3.sung 4.hidden 5.completed 6.cut 7.caught 8.locked 9.fallen 10.left 演练三：语法填空 1.hidden 2.cleaned 3.taken 4.holding 5.blown 6.left 7.written 8.to contact 9.renewed 10.drawn 11.fixed 12.completed 高中|英语|沪教版