内容正文:
专题05 名词
目录
第一部分:命题趋向(思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握)
第二部分:考点探究(知识点罗列+3年真题演练)
第三部分:素养提升(单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子)
1. 思维导图
2. 趋向分析
在2025年的中考中,这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查四个名词之间的词义辨析或者名词单复数以及名词所有格形式,同时也会涉及到名词与其他词性之间的相互转换。重点掌握名词的单复数变形,词义辨析,所有格变化这三个方面的知识点。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、短文填空等题型。
一 名词分类
▲专用名词(每个单词首字母通常要大写)
①表示人名、头衔或者尊称的专有名词:Mark Twain马克·吐温,Professor Li李教授等
②表示团体机构或会议的专有名词:The United Nations联合国,Group of Twenty二十国集团
③表示月份、星期、节日的专有名词:Saturday星期六,Spring Festival春节等
④表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词:China中国,Chinatown唐人街等
⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词:the Summer Palace颐和园等
⑥书名、歌曲名、报刊名、杂志等也是专有名词。如:Harry Potter《哈利·波特》、Love Story《爱情故事》、China Daily《中国日报》。
▲普通名词:普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
(1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book, bike。
(2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, class, people, school。
(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air, water, paper。
(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。
(2)集体名词的分类:
1. 本质上是复数形式的,例如:cattle(牛群),people(人们),police(警察)。
1. 可以用单数或复数形式表示的,例如:audience(观众),class(班级),club(俱乐部),committee(委员会),company(公司),crew(船员),enemy(敌人),family(家庭),government(政府),group(组),team(队)。当这些词作为主语时,谓语动词的数取决于它们所指的具体含义。如果将它们视为一个整体,则谓语动词使用单数形式;如果指代的是成员个体,则谓语动词使用复数形式。
▲复合名词:复合名词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的意义相对稳定的名词。复合名词主要有以下几种构成形式:如:
①名词+名词:bookshop书 newspaper报纸
②名词+动词:haircut理发 sunrise日出
③名词+v -ing:handwriting书法 horse riding骑马
④v-ing+名词:reading room阅览室 washing machine洗衣机
⑤动词+名词:bathroom浴室 postcard 明信片
⑥形容词+名词:blackboard黑板 supermarket 超市
⑦副词+动词:outlook观点 income 收入
真题演练
1.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels.
—You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas.
A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards
2.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it.
A.Sky B.Water C.Planet D.Mountain
3.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)The body language on the right means “________” in China.
A.advice B.attention C.praise D.practice
4.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.”
A.No shouting B.No parking C.No swimming D.No littering
5.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain.
A.chance B.view C.sign D.idea
6.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills.
A.habit B.present C.victory D.dream
7.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths.
A.problem B.project C.pollution D.progress
8.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18?
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages C.messages D.passages
二. 名词的数
1. 名词复数的规则变化形式
词尾字母
变化方式
例词
通常情况
加-s
bird-birds, shop-shops, lake-lakes
-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z
加-es
church-churches, dish-dishes, class-classes, box-boxes
辅音字母+y
变-y为-i再加-es
factory-factories, fly-flies, family-families, baby-babies
-o
加-es
tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes
negro-negroes potato- potatoes
口诀:"黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿"。
-f或-fe
变-f或-fe为-v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, shelf-shelves, knife-knives, life-lives, half-halves
口诀:"小偷的妻子切面包,半片树叶当作刀,狼保己命藏于后"。
【温馨提示】
(1)注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。
American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人
Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人
Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人
Russian → Russians俄罗斯人
(2)有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。
maths数学,news新闻,physics物理,politics政治,the United Nations 联合国,the United States美国
2. 名词复数的不规则变化形式
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer;fish;sheep;means;series;aircraft;spacecraft;species
Chinese;the United States;Swiss;physics;politics;maths
变内部元音
goose→geeset;ooth→teeth;foot→feet;man→men;woman→women;mouse→mice
-on变-a
phenomenon→phenomena现象;criterion→criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en
child→children孩子;ox→oxen公牛
词尾-um变成-a
datum→data数据;medium→media媒体
man/woman构成的合成词
复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是Germans
【温馨提示】
1.名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。如::two apple trees(两棵苹果树)。man, woman在名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如:three women teachers(三位女教师),ten men doctors(十个男医生)。“数词十名词”作定语时,其中的名词也要用单数形式。如:an 11-year-old girl(一个11岁的女孩)。
(2)fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。如:different fishes不同种类的鱼;five fish五条鱼;works意为"工厂"时,单复数同形,而work意为"著作,作品"时,复数形式是works。如:a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂;a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品;three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品
3. 不可数名词
一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。
【温馨提示】
▲不可数名词没有复数形式,一般不能用a或an修饰。可在名词前加表示数量的词如piece, glass等。通常只用作不可数的名词有:beer, air, homework, weather, news, butter, milk, information, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。
▲抽象名词具体化
表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时,可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词,可以与a/an连用,常见的这类词有:
success成功—成功的人或事;pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事;
surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事;beauty美—美丽的人或事;
comfort安慰—令人感到安慰的人或事物;danger危险—危险的人或因素;
delight高兴—令人高兴的事;failure 失败—失败的人或事物;
shock震惊—令人震惊的事情;honour荣誉—一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事)
▲物质名词具体化
rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, drink, ice, sugar, ice等物质名词可以具体化为可数名词,用复数形式表示类别、数量、范围或程度。如:two drinks两杯饮料; two ices两份冰淇淋; sands沙滩;snows多场雪
▲具体名词抽象化
school, college, hospital, court, prison, table, church等是可数名词,有具体的意义,当表示与之相关的活动时,表示抽象意义。如:go to school上学;at table在吃饭;in prison坐监狱;go to church去做礼拜
3 名词与限定词的关系
修饰可数名词的限定词
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens / scores of / different / other
修饰不可数名词的限定词
a (little), a great of, a large amount of, much
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的限定词
a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some
成双成对的限定词
socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰,但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves.
【温馨提示】物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式,如:a cup of tea; three pieces of bread; two pieces of paper等。
真题演练
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)At weekends, libraries are always full of young (读者).
2.(2024·江苏苏州·中考真题)It’s important to learn from (错误) and become stronger.
3.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)New have greatly changed our lives. (技术)
4.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its . (tour)
附录:单复数意义不同的词
good好的→goods货物
water→ waters水域
possession拥有→possessions (财产)
fish鱼肉→fishes(各种)鱼
work工作→works (作品,著作)
glass玻璃→glasses眼镜
paper纸→papers报纸,论文
content内容→contents目录
custom习俗→customs关税
wood木材→woods树林
arm胳膊→arms武器
time时间→times时代
green绿色→greens青菜
三.名词所有格
1.表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s”。如:Jim's T-shirt。
2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“'”。如:the boys' names。
3.表示两人或多人共有时,只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”;表示两人或多人分别所有时,则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。如:
Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师)
These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包)
4.双重所有格
双重所有格即“of十名词所有格”,表示整体中的一个或者部分。如:
a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友
真题演练
1.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
2.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)For further information on weather conditions, call the hotline below. (明天)
3.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)A friend of (我的) will come to visit my family this weekend.
4.(2023·江苏苏州·中考真题)We offered to look after our (邻居的) dog when she was away.
5.(2022·江苏镇江·中考真题)These UNICEF (office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.
6.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in “Tell China’s Stories” competition.
一、单项选择题
1.(2025·江苏南通·一模)I like the taste of ________ in my drink.
A.lemon B.burn C.expect D.deep
2.Yan Ning is an excellent scientist who will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a ________to her motherland.
A.celebration B.conversation C.contribution D.collection
3.The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A.ability B.size C.quality D.energy
4.(2025·江苏镇江·一模)Li Ziqi, a popular influencer, helps people see the ________ of keeping Chinese traditions alive.
A.discovery B.magic C.secret D.value
5.All you need to make DeepSeek work for you is to give some clear ________.
A.introductions B.inventions C.instructions D.invitations
6.(2025·江苏连云港·一模)If you work hard every day, you will make great ________ in your schoolwork.
A.progress B.products C.promises D.programs
7.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)Jin Yong’s works are not just popular among Chinese people. They also bring the ________of Chinese Wuxia to the world.
A.stress B.spirit C.symbol D.silence
8.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)________ is the quality to be brave when you are facing difficulties.
A.Courage B.Pride C.Humor D.Strength
9.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)My parents and teachers always give me lots of ________ when I am in the face of any difficulty.
A.wealth B.power C.fame D.health
10.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The hosts of the Spring Festival Gala had real-time ________ with citizens to spread wishes.
A.conclusion B.communication C.contribution D.competition
11.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)Thanks to the great scientist, rice ________ has been increased greatly.
A.population B.introduction C.production D.contribution
12.(2025·江苏徐州·一模)________ is the process of exchanging information between a speaker and a receiver.
A.Action B.Devotion C.Collection D.Communication
13.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)—Thanks for your ________ to your house-warming party tomorrow. Congratulation!
—Hope for your coming.
A.invention B.invitation C.instruction D.introduction
14.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18?
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A.take; stages B.to take; passages C.taking; messages D.taken; advantages
15.(2025·江苏常州·一模)The new app has attracted a large number of ________. It is easier for people to order food.
A.discoveries B.possibilities C.customs D.customers
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)Ne Zha 2 is a big success and the (proud) of China’s film industry.
2.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)Details decide (succeed) or failure. If we take everything seriously, we’ll achieve our goals.
3.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)The old man needs medical (treat) right now. Let’s call 120 for him.
4.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)To tell you the (true), milk tea is not that healthy.
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)We are very proud of the great (achieve) that we have made in the space industry in the past years.
6.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)The founder of DeepSeek—Liang Wenfeng is a man full of (invent).
7.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The (science) are working hard to find solutions to the problem of climate change.
8.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)The tourists enjoy watching the (raise) of the national flag at the square.
9.I have several for making delicious cookies. (recipe)
三.完成句子
1.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)这个机器人的质量也不合格。
The quality of this robot is .
2.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)它位于漓江两岸。
of the Lijiang River.
3.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)火星上的重力大约只有地球重力的八分之三。
The gravity on Mars on the earth.
4.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)我的兄弟们经常骑自行车去上学。
My brothers often to school.
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)许多不同形状的石狮矗立在桥的两侧。
Many stone lions stand the bridge.
6.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)这家豪华大酒店总是给顾客提供高水准的服务。
The grand hotel always customers.
7.(2024·江苏常州·一模)未来宇宙飞船以光速运行是有可能的。
It is possible that the spacecraft in the future.
8.(2024·江苏常州·一模)我对这个饭店的服务一点都不满意。
I of the hotel at all.
四. 完形填空
(2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测)Snakes live in the wild. They are known 1 being strong and fast. Chinese martial arts (武术) masters noticed this and created a style named snake boxing (蛇拳). When the masters do it, they move like 2 to be strong and quick.
“Snake boxing copies the snake’s natural feeding, fighting and 3 striking movements. These moves are 4 connected to attack and defense (防守) moves” said Fu Guogang, a snake boxing master. He comes from Zhejiang province. He is in his 5 and he has been practising snake boxing for more than 40 years. As 2025 6 the Year of the Snake, he has had 7 to show this fighting style at public events since the New Year’s Day holiday.
8 he practices the martial art, he uses different fist (拳) , palm (掌) and finger shapes. Fu believes snake boxing 9 both internal (内部的) and external (外部的) strength. What’s more, it is a valuable 10 tradition which has developed over a long time.
“For powerful results, people 11 build a strong back and strong fingers to create 12 and carry out attacks”, Fu explained. 13 is also important during movements and it needs internal training to become proper. The mix of 14 and hardness follows Taoist principles (道家原则), 15 the yin and yang balance.
1.A.for B.as C.to D.by
2.A.masters B.boxing C.snakes D.running
3.A.rapid B.rare C.round D.real
4.A.easily B.smartly C.slowly D.hardly
5.A.fifteen B.fifty C.fiftieth D.fifties
6.A.matters B.marks C.makes D.matches
7.A.fewer chances B.more chances C.fewer places D.more places
8.A.After B.Before C.Until D.When
9.A.depends on B.puts on C.gets on D.holds on
10.A.natural B.central C.general D.cultural
11.A.agree to B.fail to C.need to D.remember to
12.A.pride B.power C.progress D.price
13.A.Moving B.Building C.Breathing D.Mixing
14.A.happiness B.softness C.kindness D.sickness
15.A.especially B.closely C.completely D.equally
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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专题05 名词
目录
第一部分:命题趋向(思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握)
第二部分:考点探究(知识点罗列+3年真题演练)
第三部分:素养提升(单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子)
1. 思维导图
2. 趋向分析
在2025年的中考中,这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查四个名词之间的词义辨析或者名词单复数以及名词所有格形式,同时也会涉及到名词与其他词性之间的相互转换。重点掌握名词的单复数变形,词义辨析,所有格变化这三个方面的知识点。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、短文填空等题型。
一 名词分类
▲专用名词(每个单词首字母通常要大写)
①表示人名、头衔或者尊称的专有名词:Mark Twain马克·吐温,Professor Li李教授等
②表示团体机构或会议的专有名词:The United Nations联合国,Group of Twenty二十国集团
③表示月份、星期、节日的专有名词:Saturday星期六,Spring Festival春节等
④表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词:China中国,Chinatown唐人街等
⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词:the Summer Palace颐和园等
⑥书名、歌曲名、报刊名、杂志等也是专有名词。如:Harry Potter《哈利·波特》、Love Story《爱情故事》、China Daily《中国日报》。
▲普通名词:普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
(1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book, bike。
(2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, class, people, school。
(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air, water, paper。
(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。
(2)集体名词的分类:
1. 本质上是复数形式的,例如:cattle(牛群),people(人们),police(警察)。
1. 可以用单数或复数形式表示的,例如:audience(观众),class(班级),club(俱乐部),committee(委员会),company(公司),crew(船员),enemy(敌人),family(家庭),government(政府),group(组),team(队)。当这些词作为主语时,谓语动词的数取决于它们所指的具体含义。如果将它们视为一个整体,则谓语动词使用单数形式;如果指代的是成员个体,则谓语动词使用复数形式。
▲复合名词:复合名词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的意义相对稳定的名词。复合名词主要有以下几种构成形式:如:
①名词+名词:bookshop书 newspaper报纸
②名词+动词:haircut理发 sunrise日出
③名词+v -ing:handwriting书法 horse riding骑马
④v-ing+名词:reading room阅览室 washing machine洗衣机
⑤动词+名词:bathroom浴室 postcard 明信片
⑥形容词+名词:blackboard黑板 supermarket 超市
⑦副词+动词:outlook观点 income 收入
真题演练
1.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels.
—You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas.
A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评,然后整理自己的想法。考查名词辨析。reviews评论;reasons原因;results结果;rewards报酬。根据“and then organize your own ideas.”可知先读一些评论,然后整理自己的想法。故选A。
2.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it.
A.Sky B.Water C.Planet D.Mountain
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们称地球为“蓝色星球”,因为海洋覆盖了大约71%的地球。考查名词辨析。sky天空;water水;planet星球;mountain山。根据“call the Earth ‘Blue...’”可知地球被称为“蓝色星球”。故选C。
3.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)The body language on the right means “________” in China.
A.advice B.attention C.praise D.practice
【答案】C
【详解】句意:右边的肢体语言在中国意味着“赞美”。考查常识和名词辨析。advice建议;attention注意;praise赞美;practice练习。根据常识可知,在中国竖大拇指是赞美的意思。故选C。
4.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.”
A.No shouting B.No parking C.No swimming D.No littering
【答案】C
【详解】句意:远离河流。看这个标志!上面写着:“禁止游泳。”考查名词辨析以及情景交际。No shouting禁止喧哗;No parking禁止停车;No swimming禁止游泳;No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Stay away from the river”可知标志上写着“禁止游泳”,所以要远离河流。故选C。
5.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain.
A.chance B.view C.sign D.idea
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看看乌云,它们是要下雨的明显迹象。考查名词辨析。chance机会;view看法;sign迹象;idea想法。根据“Look at the black clouds.”可知,此处是指乌云是要下雨的迹象。故选C。
6.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills.
A.habit B.present C.victory D.dream
【答案】A
【详解】句意:海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。考查名词辨析。habit习惯;present礼物;victory胜利;dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知,海伦每天写英文日记,这是一种习惯,故选A。
7.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths.
A.problem B.project C.pollution D.progress
【答案】D
【详解】句意:经过一个月的努力,这个女孩在数学上取得了很大进步。考查名词辨析。problem问题;project项目;pollution污染;progress进步。make much progress in“在……取得进步”,故选D。
8.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18?
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages C.messages D.passages
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗?——它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。考查名词辨析。stages阶段;advantages优势;messages信息;passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知,答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因,结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知,这些应是它们的优势,故选B。
二. 名词的数
1. 名词复数的规则变化形式
词尾字母
变化方式
例词
通常情况
加-s
bird-birds, shop-shops, lake-lakes
-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z
加-es
church-churches, dish-dishes, class-classes, box-boxes
辅音字母+y
变-y为-i再加-es
factory-factories, fly-flies, family-families, baby-babies
-o
加-es
tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes
negro-negroes potato- potatoes
口诀:"黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿"。
-f或-fe
变-f或-fe为-v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, shelf-shelves, knife-knives, life-lives, half-halves
口诀:"小偷的妻子切面包,半片树叶当作刀,狼保己命藏于后"。
【温馨提示】
(1)注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。
American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人
Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人
Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人
Russian → Russians俄罗斯人
(2)有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。
maths数学,news新闻,physics物理,politics政治,the United Nations 联合国,the United States美国
2. 名词复数的不规则变化形式
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer;fish;sheep;means;series;aircraft;spacecraft;species
Chinese;the United States;Swiss;physics;politics;maths
变内部元音
goose→geeset;ooth→teeth;foot→feet;man→men;woman→women;mouse→mice
-on变-a
phenomenon→phenomena现象;criterion→criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en
child→children孩子;ox→oxen公牛
词尾-um变成-a
datum→data数据;medium→media媒体
man/woman构成的合成词
复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是Germans
【温馨提示】
1.名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。如::two apple trees(两棵苹果树)。man, woman在名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如:three women teachers(三位女教师),ten men doctors(十个男医生)。“数词十名词”作定语时,其中的名词也要用单数形式。如:an 11-year-old girl(一个11岁的女孩)。
(2)fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。如:different fishes不同种类的鱼;five fish五条鱼;works意为"工厂"时,单复数同形,而work意为"著作,作品"时,复数形式是works。如:a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂;a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品;three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品
3. 不可数名词
一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。
【温馨提示】
▲不可数名词没有复数形式,一般不能用a或an修饰。可在名词前加表示数量的词如piece, glass等。通常只用作不可数的名词有:beer, air, homework, weather, news, butter, milk, information, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。
▲抽象名词具体化
表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时,可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词,可以与a/an连用,常见的这类词有:
success成功—成功的人或事;pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事;
surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事;beauty美—美丽的人或事;
comfort安慰—令人感到安慰的人或事物;danger危险—危险的人或因素;
delight高兴—令人高兴的事;failure 失败—失败的人或事物;
shock震惊—令人震惊的事情;honour荣誉—一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事)
▲物质名词具体化
rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, drink, ice, sugar, ice等物质名词可以具体化为可数名词,用复数形式表示类别、数量、范围或程度。如:two drinks两杯饮料; two ices两份冰淇淋; sands沙滩;snows多场雪
▲具体名词抽象化
school, college, hospital, court, prison, table, church等是可数名词,有具体的意义,当表示与之相关的活动时,表示抽象意义。如:go to school上学;at table在吃饭;in prison坐监狱;go to church去做礼拜
3 名词与限定词的关系
修饰可数名词的限定词
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens / scores of / different / other
修饰不可数名词的限定词
a (little), a great of, a large amount of, much
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的限定词
a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some
成双成对的限定词
socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰,但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves.
【温馨提示】物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式,如:a cup of tea; three pieces of bread; two pieces of paper等。
真题演练
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)At weekends, libraries are always full of young (读者).
【答案】readers
【详解】句意:在周末,图书馆里总是挤满了年轻的读者。reader“读者”,根据“libraries are always full of young...”可知,此处表示复数含义,使用名词复数形式,故填readers。
2.(2024·江苏苏州·中考真题)It’s important to learn from (错误) and become stronger.
【答案】mistakes
【详解】句意:从错误中吸取教训并变得更强大是很重要的。mistake“错误”,可数名词,此处用其复数形式表泛指,作介词from的宾语。故填mistakes。
3.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)New have greatly changed our lives. (技术)
【答案】technologies
【详解】句意:新技术极大地改变了我们的生活。技术:technology,根据“have”可知主语用名词复数。故填technologies。
4.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its . (tour)
【答案】tourists
【详解】句意:每年,扬州都会为游客提供一次神奇而特殊的体验。tour“旅行”,此处指为游客提供神奇而特殊的体验,应为tourist“游客”,游客不止一人,故用其复数形式。故填tourists。
附录:单复数意义不同的词
good好的→goods货物
water→ waters水域
possession拥有→possessions (财产)
fish鱼肉→fishes(各种)鱼
work工作→works (作品,著作)
glass玻璃→glasses眼镜
paper纸→papers报纸,论文
content内容→contents目录
custom习俗→customs关税
wood木材→woods树林
arm胳膊→arms武器
time时间→times时代
green绿色→greens青菜
三.名词所有格
1.表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s”。如:Jim's T-shirt。
2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“'”。如:the boys' names。
3.表示两人或多人共有时,只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”;表示两人或多人分别所有时,则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。如:
Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师)
These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包)
4.双重所有格
双重所有格即“of十名词所有格”,表示整体中的一个或者部分。如:
a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友
真题演练
1.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知,此处表示“儿童节”,children“孩子们”,修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。
2.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)For further information on weather conditions, call the hotline below. (明天)
【答案】tomorrow’s
【详解】句意:有关明天天气状况的更多信息,请拨打以下热线。tomorrow“明天”,名词所有格作定语。故填tomorrow’s。
3.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)A friend of (我的) will come to visit my family this weekend.
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:我的一个朋友这周末会来拜访我的家人。此处指“我的”朋友,空格后没有名词,故用名词性物主代词mine指代,构成双重所有格。故填mine。
4.(2023·江苏苏州·中考真题)We offered to look after our (邻居的) dog when she was away.
【答案】neighbour’s/neighbor’s
【详解】句意:邻居不在的时候,我们主动提出要照顾她的狗。“邻居”neighbour/neighbor,“邻居的”用名词所有格,结合she可知特指这一个邻居,用单数所有格neighbour’s/neighbor’s。故填neighbour’s/neighbor’s。
5.(2022·江苏镇江·中考真题)These UNICEF (office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.
【答案】officers’
【详解】句意:这些联合国儿童基金会官员的愿望是改善当地儿童的生活条件。空处修饰其后的名词wish,指的是“官员的愿望”,用名词所有格形式,结合“these”可知,此处名词用复数形式,故填officers’。
6.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in “Tell China’s Stories” competition.
【答案】night’s
【详解】句意:为了参加“讲中国故事”比赛,我花了一个晚上的时间制作了《梅兰芳和他的家乡》视频。 one修饰可数名词单数,作定语修饰time,所以用名词单数的所有格形式,故填night’s。
一、单项选择题
1.(2025·江苏南通·一模)I like the taste of ________ in my drink.
A.lemon B.burn C.expect D.deep
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我喜欢饮料中柠檬的味道。考查词汇辨析。lemon柠檬;burn燃烧;expect期待;deep深的。根据句意,饮料中适合加入的是“柠檬”,其他选项与句意不符。故选A。
2.Yan Ning is an excellent scientist who will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a ________to her motherland.
A.celebration B.conversation C.contribution D.collection
【答案】C
【详解】句意:颜宁是一位优秀的科学家,不久将回国。她想为她的祖国做贡献。考查名词辨析。celebration庆祝;conversation谈话;contribution贡献;collection收集。短语make a contribution to表示“为……做贡献”,符合题意。故选C。
3.The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A.ability B.size C.quality D.energy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在你的文章中字数不重要,但它的质量很重要。考查名词辨析。ability能力;size尺寸;quality质量;energy能量。根据“The number of the words in your article isn’t important”可知文章的字数不重要,结合常识可知重要是是质量。故选C。
4.(2025·江苏镇江·一模)Li Ziqi, a popular influencer, helps people see the ________ of keeping Chinese traditions alive.
A.discovery B.magic C.secret D.value
【答案】D
【详解】句意:广受欢迎的网红李子柒帮助人们看到了保持中国传统活力的价值。考查名词辨析。discovery发现;magic魔力;secret秘密;value价值。根据“Li Ziqi, a popular influencer, helps people see the ... of keeping Chinese traditions alive.”可知,帮助人们看到保持中国传统活力的价值。故选D。
5.All you need to make DeepSeek work for you is to give some clear ________.
A.introductions B.inventions C.instructions D.invitations
【答案】C
【详解】句意:要让DeepSeek为你所用,你只需提供一些清晰的指令。考查名词辨析。introductions介绍;inventions发明;instructions指令,说明;invitations邀请。根据“make DeepSeek work for you”可知,此处强调需要明确的“操作指引”或“步骤说明”,instructions 直接对应技术场景中“输入指令”。故选C。
6.(2025·江苏连云港·一模)If you work hard every day, you will make great ________ in your schoolwork.
A.progress B.products C.promises D.programs
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你每天努力学习,你将在学业上取得很大进步。
考查名词词义辨析。progress进步;products产品;promises承诺;programs节目。根据语境,努力学习应是在学业上取得进步,make progress是固定搭配,表示“取得进步”。故选A。
7.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)Jin Yong’s works are not just popular among Chinese people. They also bring the ________of Chinese Wuxia to the world.
A.stress B.spirit C.symbol D.silence
【答案】B
【详解】句意:金庸的作品不仅深受中国人喜爱,还将中国武侠的精神传播到了世界。考查名词辨析。stress压力;spirit精神;symbol象征;silence寂静。根据“the…of Chinese”可知,此处指金庸的作品向世界展现了中国武侠精神内涵。故选B。
8.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)________ is the quality to be brave when you are facing difficulties.
A.Courage B.Pride C.Humor D.Strength
【答案】A
【详解】句意:勇气是面对困难时勇敢的品质。考查名词辨析。Courage勇气;Pride骄傲;Humor幽默;Strength体力。根据“…is the quality to be brave when you are facing difficulties.”可知,面对困难时勇敢的品质应是指勇气。故选A。
9.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)My parents and teachers always give me lots of ________ when I am in the face of any difficulty.
A.wealth B.power C.fame D.health
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我面对任何困难时,父母和老师总是给我很多力量。考查名词辨析。wealth财富;power力量;fame名声;health健康。根据语境,“面对困难时”最需要的是“力量”的支持,而非其他抽象概念。故选B。
10.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The hosts of the Spring Festival Gala had real-time ________ with citizens to spread wishes.
A.conclusion B.communication C.contribution D.competition
【答案】B
【详解】句意:春晚主持人与市民进行实时沟通,传递祝福。考查名词辨析。conclusion结论;communication交流;contribution贡献;competition竞争。根据“had real-time ...with citizens to spread wishes”可知,应是与市民进行实时互动,communication符合语境,故选B。
11.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)Thanks to the great scientist, rice ________ has been increased greatly.
A.population B.introduction C.production D.contribution
【答案】C
【详解】句意:多亏了这位伟大的科学家,水稻的产量大大增加了。考查名词辨析。population人口;introduction介绍;production生产;contribution贡献。根据“rice…has been increased greatly.”可知是指水稻的产量大大增加了。故选C。
12.(2025·江苏徐州·一模)________ is the process of exchanging information between a speaker and a receiver.
A.Action B.Devotion C.Collection D.Communication
【答案】D
【详解】句意:交流是说话者和接收者之间交换信息的过程。考查名词辨析。action行动;devotion奉献;collection收集;communication交流、沟通。根据“the process of exchanging information between a speaker and a receiver”可知,说话者和接收者之间的信息交换,应是“交流”。故选D。
13.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)—Thanks for your ________ to your house-warming party tomorrow. Congratulation!
—Hope for your coming.
A.invention B.invitation C.instruction D.introduction
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——感谢你明天乔迁派对的邀请。恭喜!——期待你的到来。
考查名词辨析。invention发明;invitation邀请;instruction指示;introduction介绍。根据“your house-warming party tomorrow”和“Hope for your coming.”可知,此处是指乔迁派对的邀请,故选B。
14.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18?
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A.take; stages B.to take; passages C.taking; messages D.taken; advantages
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你知道为什么斑马鱼被带上神州18号吗?——他们有体积小以及发育周期短的优势。考查动词和名词。take带走;to take动词不定式;taking动名词/现在分词;taken过去分词;stages阶段,舞台;passages文章;messages信息;advantages优势。主语zebrafish(斑马鱼)和动词“带走”是被动关系,结合空格前面的are可知,此句是被动语态,要填过去分词taken。根据空格后面的like small size and short development cycle(比如体积小和发育周期短)可知,前面句意为“它们有优势”,要填“优势”advantages。故选D。
15.(2025·江苏常州·一模)The new app has attracted a large number of ________. It is easier for people to order food.
A.discoveries B.possibilities C.customs D.customers
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这款新应用吸引了大量顾客。人们订餐变得更方便了。
考查名词辨析。discoveries发现;possibilities可能性;customs海关;customers顾客。根据“It is easier for people to order food”可知,应用吸引的是订餐的“顾客”,故选D。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)Ne Zha 2 is a big success and the (proud) of China’s film industry.
【答案】pride
【详解】句意:《哪吒2》大获成功,是中国电影的骄傲。proud“自豪的”,形容词;根据“the … of China’s film industry”可知,此处应填其名词形式pride“自豪,骄傲”。故填pride。
2.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)Details decide (succeed) or failure. If we take everything seriously, we’ll achieve our goals.
【答案】success
【详解】句意:细节决定成败。如果我们认真对待每件事,我们就会实现我们的目标。根据“or failure”可知,此处应填名词。succeed的名词为success。故填success。
3.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)The old man needs medical (treat) right now. Let’s call 120 for him.
【答案】treatment
【详解】句意:这位老人现在需要治疗。我们给他打120。根据“The old man needs medical… right now. Let’s call 120 for him.”可知,这里形容词后面跟名词形式。treat的名词为treatment。 故填treatment.
4.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)To tell you the (true), milk tea is not that healthy.
【答案】truth
【详解】句意:说实话, 奶茶并不健康. 根据“To tell you the ... (true), milk tea is not that healthy.”可知,“the”后面跟名词形式,true的名词形式为truth“真相”。故填truth。
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)We are very proud of the great (achieve) that we have made in the space industry in the past years.
【答案】achievements
【详解】句意:我们对过去几年在航天工业中取得的伟大成就感到非常骄傲。achieve获得,此处接在形容词great后,需要名词形式achievement,可数名词,过去几年我们所取得的成就很多,用复数表达。故填achievements。
6.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)The founder of DeepSeek—Liang Wenfeng is a man full of (invent).【答案】invention
【详解】句意:DeepSeek的创始人梁文峰是一个充满创造力的人。根据“full of”可知,这里需要填名词形式,invent“发明”,是动词,其名词形式是invention,表示“创造力”。故填invention。
7.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The (science) are working hard to find solutions to the problem of climate change.
【答案】scientists
【详解】句意:科学家们正在努力寻找解决气候变化问题的方法。science“科学”,结合语境可知,这里是指科学家们,science表示人的名词形式是scientist“科学家”,根据谓语动词“are working”可知,这里需用复数形式。故填scientists。
8.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)The tourists enjoy watching the (raise) of the national flag at the square.
【答案】raising
【详解】句意:游客们喜欢看在广场上国旗的升起。根据“the...of the national flag”可知,横线处需填名词,raise“升起”,动词,其名词形式为raising“升起”,the raising of the national flag“国旗的升起”。故填raising。
9.I have several for making delicious cookies. (recipe)
【答案】recipes
【详解】句意:我有几个制作美味饼干的食谱。根据空前“several”可知,此处应用可数名词recipe“食谱,烹饪法”的复数形式“recipes”表泛指。故填recipes。
三.完成句子
1.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)这个机器人的质量也不合格。
The quality of this robot is .
【答案】not up to standard either
【详解】空前有be动词,变否定直接在其后加not即可;up to standard“符合标准/合格”;either“也”,常用在否定句句末。故填not up to standard either。
2.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)它位于漓江两岸。
of the Lijiang River.
【答案】It lies on both sides
【详解】it“它”;lie on“位于”,句子是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词用三单;both sides“两边”。故填It lies on both sides。
3.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)火星上的重力大约只有地球重力的八分之三。
The gravity on Mars on the earth.
【答案】is only about three-eighths of that
【详解】“只有”only;“大约”about;“八分之三”three-eighths。根据汉语意思可知用是主系表结构且时态用一般现在时,系动词用be动词is,结合“只有地球重力的八分之三”可知用of所有格,of后用that指代“地球上重力”。故填is only about three-eighths of that。
4.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)我的兄弟们经常骑自行车去上学。
My brothers often to school.
【答案】 ride their bikes
【详解】根据汉语提示可知第一空缺少动词“骑”,译为“ride”,根据句意可知句子为一般现在时,主语“My brothers”是复数,动词用原形即可;主语是“My brothers”,因此是骑着他们的自行车,第二空缺少形容词性物主代词their“他们的”;第三空应用名词bike“自行车”,此处应用复数“bikes”表示类别。故填ride;their;bikes。
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)许多不同形状的石狮矗立在桥的两侧。
Many stone lions stand the bridge.
【答案】 of different shapes on both sides of
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“不同形状的”以及“在……的两侧”;of different shapes“不同形状的”,on both sides of…在……的两侧”,是固定搭配。故填of different shapes;on both sides of。
6.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)这家豪华大酒店总是给顾客提供高水准的服务。
The grand hotel always customers.
【答案】provides high-level service for
【详解】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“给……提供高水准的服务”;根据英文题干和汉语提示可知,此处考查provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”,动词短语;又根据“always”可知,句子时态应用一般现在时,主语“The grand hotel”为单数,谓语动词应用三单形式provides;high-level service“高水准的服务”,其中service“服务”,不可数名词。故填provides high-level service for。
7.(2024·江苏常州·一模)未来宇宙飞船以光速运行是有可能的。
It is possible that the spacecraft in the future.
【答案】will travel at the speed of light
【详解】“以光速”at the speed of light;“运行”travel。根据“in the future”可知从句用一般将来时,其结构为will do。故填will travel at the speed of light。
8.(2024·江苏常州·一模)我对这个饭店的服务一点都不满意。
I of the hotel at all.
【答案】am/was not satisfied/happy/pleased with the service
【详解】not...at all“一点也不”;be satisfied/happy/pleased with“对……满意”;the service“服务”;此句时态为一般现在时或一般过去时,主语是I,be动词用am或was。故填am/was not satisfied/happy/pleased with the service。
四. 完形填空
(2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测)Snakes live in the wild. They are known 1 being strong and fast. Chinese martial arts (武术) masters noticed this and created a style named snake boxing (蛇拳). When the masters do it, they move like 2 to be strong and quick.
“Snake boxing copies the snake’s natural feeding, fighting and 3 striking movements. These moves are 4 connected to attack and defense (防守) moves” said Fu Guogang, a snake boxing master. He comes from Zhejiang province. He is in his 5 and he has been practising snake boxing for more than 40 years. As 2025 6 the Year of the Snake, he has had 7 to show this fighting style at public events since the New Year’s Day holiday.
8 he practices the martial art, he uses different fist (拳) , palm (掌) and finger shapes. Fu believes snake boxing 9 both internal (内部的) and external (外部的) strength. What’s more, it is a valuable 10 tradition which has developed over a long time.
“For powerful results, people 11 build a strong back and strong fingers to create 12 and carry out attacks”, Fu explained. 13 is also important during movements and it needs internal training to become proper. The mix of 14 and hardness follows Taoist principles (道家原则), 15 the yin and yang balance.
1.A.for B.as C.to D.by
2.A.masters B.boxing C.snakes D.running
3.A.rapid B.rare C.round D.real
4.A.easily B.smartly C.slowly D.hardly
5.A.fifteen B.fifty C.fiftieth D.fifties
6.A.matters B.marks C.makes D.matches
7.A.fewer chances B.more chances C.fewer places D.more places
8.A.After B.Before C.Until D.When
9.A.depends on B.puts on C.gets on D.holds on
10.A.natural B.central C.general D.cultural
11.A.agree to B.fail to C.need to D.remember to
12.A.pride B.power C.progress D.price
13.A.Moving B.Building C.Breathing D.Mixing
14.A.happiness B.softness C.kindness D.sickness
15.A.especially B.closely C.completely D.equally
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A
【导语】本文介绍了中国武术蛇拳的起源、特点及传承,强调其融合道家阴阳哲学的文化价值。
1.句意:它们以强壮和快速而闻名。for为了;as作为;to到;by通过。根据“being strong and fast”可知,蛇很出名的原因是它很强壮且移动速度快。be known for“以……而闻名”,固定搭配。故选A。
2.句意:当大师们做蛇拳的时候,他们移动地如蛇般强壮迅速。masters大师;boxing拳法;snakes蛇;running跑步。根据“Chinese martial arts (武术) masters noticed this and created a style named snake boxing (蛇拳)”可知,蛇拳是模仿蛇创造出来的,所以动作像蛇。故选C。
3.句意:蛇拳模仿了蛇的自然进食,战斗和快速的攻击动作。rapid快速的;rare稀有的;round圆形的;real真实的。根据“Snakes live in the wild. They are known for being strong and fast.”可知,蛇的攻击动作很快。故选A。
4.句意:这些动作与攻击和防御动作巧妙地联系在一起。easily容易地;smartly灵巧地,巧妙地;slowly缓慢地;hardly几乎不。武术动作需灵活连贯,而蛇的这些动作恰好能与攻击和防御动作巧妙联系起来。故选B。
5.句意:他五十多岁了,并且他练蛇拳超过40年了。fifteen15;fifty50;fiftieth第50;fifties50多岁。根据“He is in his”和“he has been practising snake boxing for more than 40 years”可知,此处指现在他五十多岁。“in one’s+基数词复数形式”表示“在某人……岁左右”。故选D。
6.句意:由于2025年是蛇年,自元旦假期以来,他有更多的机会在公共活动中展示这种格斗风格。matters重要;marks标志;makes制造;matches匹配。根据“the Year of the Snake”可知,2025年标志着蛇年。故选B。
7.句意:由于2025年是蛇年,自元旦假期以来,他有更多的机会在公共活动中展示这种格斗风格。fewer chances更少机会;more chances更多机会;fewer places更少地点;more places更多地点。根据“As 2025 marks the Year of the Snake”可知,蛇年会有更多的机会展示蛇拳。故选B。
8.句意:当他练习武术时,他使用不同的拳、掌和手指形状。After之后;Before之前;Until直到;When当……时。根据“he uses different fist (拳) , palm (掌) and finger shapes”可知,此处指练习武术的同时,会使用不同的拳、掌和手指形状。用When引导时间状语从句,强调同时发生。故选D。
9.句意:傅国钢认为蛇拳既要靠内力,也要靠外力。depends on依赖;puts on穿上;gets on上车;holds on坚持。根据“both internal (内部的) and external (外部的) strength”可知,打蛇拳要依靠内外力。故选A。
10.句意:更重要的是,它是一个宝贵的文化传统,已经发展了很长一段时间。natural自然的;central中心的;general普遍的;cultural文化的。根据“has developed over a long time”可知,蛇拳是发展很久的文化传统。故选D。
11.句意:傅国钢解释说:“为了强大的结果,人们需要建立强大的背部和强大的手指来创造力量和实施攻击。”agree to同意;fail to未能;need to需要;remember to记得。根据“For powerful results”可知,为了达到强大的结果,就需要锻炼背部和手指。故选C。
12.句意:傅国钢解释说:“为了强大的结果,人们需要建立强大的背部和强大的手指来创造力量和实施攻击。”pride骄傲;power力量;progress进步;price价格。根据“build a strong back and strong fingers”可知,锻炼背部和手指的目的是能产生足够的力量。故选B。
13.句意:呼吸在运动中也很重要,它需要内部训练才能变得适应。Moving移动;Building建造;Breathing呼吸;Mixing混合。根据“during movements”和“it needs internal training to become proper”可知,呼吸在武术运动中很重要,需要内部训练。故选C。
14.句意:刚柔并济遵循道家原则,特别是阴阳平衡。happiness快乐;softness柔软;kindness善良;sickness疾病。根据“Taoist principles”可知,道家的原则是刚柔并济。故选B。
15.句意:刚柔并济遵循道家原则,特别是阴阳平衡。especially尤其;closely紧密地;completely完全;equally平等。根据“the yin and yang balance”可知,刚柔并济尤其遵循的是道家的阴阳平衡原则。故选A。
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