内容正文:
主题语境32 自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护
话
题
与
教
材
人教版
必修第一册:UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS
选择性必修第二册:UNIT5FIRSTAID
外研版 必修第三册:Unit6Disasterandhope
译林版 必修第三册:Unit2Naturaldisasters
[Part1] 识记重点单词
[第一组]
1.brick/brIk/n.砖;砖块
2.claim/kleIm/v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);宣
称,声称,断言
3.crack/kræk/n.裂纹;裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂
4.crash/kræʃ/vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞
5.disaster/dI̍zstə(r)/n.灾难;灾害
6.drought/draʊt/n.长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,
旱灾
7.effort/̍efət/n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
8.export/Ik̍spɔːt;̍ekspɔːt/n.出口产品,输出的产
品;出口,输出vt.出口,输出
9.flood/flʌd/n.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.
使灌满水;淹没
10.forecast/̍fɔːkst/v.预测,预报
11.fund/fʌnd/n.资金;基金
12.helicopter/̍helIkɒptə(r)/n.直升机
13.hug/hʌɡ/(hugged;hugged)vt.拥抱,搂抱;抱
紧n.拥抱
14.hurricane/̍hʌrIkən/n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
15.import/Im̍pɔːt/n.进口产品,输入的产品;进
口,输入vt.进口,引进
16.landslide/̍lændslaId/n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;
滑坡
17.lava/̍lɑːvə/n.熔岩;岩浆
18.lightning/̍laItnI/n.闪电
19.metal/̍met(ə)l/n.金属
20.orderly/̍ɔːdəli/adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整
齐的
再次背诵时间: 月 日
[第二组]
21.otherwise/̍ʌðəwaIz/adv.否 则,不 然;除 此
以外
22.relief/rI̍liːf/n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;
(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
23.sandstorm/̍sændstɔːm/n.沙尘暴
24.shelter/̍ʃeltə(r)/n.居所,住处;难处v.保护;
掩蔽;躲避
25.slide/slaId/(slid;slid)vi.&vt.滑行;逐渐陷入
n.幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩
26.staff/stɑːf/n.全体职工;管理人员在工
作,任职于
27.strike/straIk/ (struck;struck/stricken)vi.
&vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击
28.supply/sə̍plaI/n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给
品vt.供应;供给
29.tap/tæp/v.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头;轻叩;
轻敲
30.thunderstorm/̍ʌndəstɔːm/n.雷暴
31.tornado/tɔː̍neIdəʊ/n.龙卷风;旋风
32.track/træk/n.轨道;足迹;痕迹
33.trap/træp/(trapped;trapped)vt.使落入险境;
使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱
34.tsunami/tsuː̍nɑːmi/n.海啸
35.typhoon/̩taI̍fuːn/n.台风
36.unearth/ʌn̍ɜːθ/vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘;发现,
找到
37.unify/̍juːnIfaI/vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体
38.volcano/vɒl̍keInəʊ/n.火山
39.whistle/̍wIs(ə)l/vi.吹口哨;发出笛声vt.吹
口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声
再次背诵时间: 月 日
353
主题群九 灾害防范
[第三组]
40.affect/ə̍fekt/vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
→effectn.效果;影响→effectiveadj.有效的
→affectionn.喜爱,钟爱;慈爱
41.announce/ə̍naʊns/vt.通告,公告→announceG
mentn.通告,公告
42.bear/beə(r)/vt.忍受→bearableadj.可以忍
受的→unbearableadj.难耐的,无法忍受的
43.breathe/briːð/vi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸
→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的
44.confirm/kən̍fɜːm/vt.证实,确认,使确信;批准
→confirmationn.确认;证实;批准,许可
45.deliver/dI̍lIvə(r)/vt.&vi.递送;传达vt.发表
→deliveryn.投递;交付
46.destroy/dI̍strɔI/v.破坏→destructionn.破坏
→destructiveadj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏
(或毁灭)性的
47.die/daI/v.死亡 →deathn.死;死 亡 →dead
adj.失去生命的→deadlyadj.致命的
48.distance/̍dIstəns/n.遥远,久远;距离;差异;
疏远→distantadj.遥远的
49.electricity/I̩lek̍trIsəti/n.电;电能 →electric
adj.电的;用电的→electronicadj.电子的
50.emerge/I̍mɜːdʒ/vi.浮现;出现→emergentadj.新
兴的;处于发展初期的→emergencyn.突发事件;
紧急情况
再次背诵时间: 月 日
[第四组]
51.erupt/I̍rʌpt/vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟
等)喷出→eruptionn.喷发
52.inform/In̍fɔːm/vt.通知;了解,熟悉→inforG
mationn.信息→informedadj.有学问的;有见
识的;了解情况的→informativeadj.提供有用
信息的;给予知识的
53.rescue/̍reskjuː/n.&vt.营救;救援→rescuer
n.救助者
54.revive/rI̍vaIv/vt.&vi.复 活;(使)苏 醒 →
revivaln.振兴;复苏
55.scare/skeə(r)/vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊
吓→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,
吓人的
56.sharp/ʃɑːp/adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显
的;尖锐的;强烈的→sharplyadv.急剧地;锋
利地→sharpenvt.使锋利
57.shock/ʃɒk/vt.使震惊;使难以置信→shocking
adj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的
58.wise/waIz/adj.明智的→wisdomn.智慧;才
智→unwiseadj.不明智的
59.bury/̍berI/vt.埋葬;安葬
60.calm/km/adj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使
镇静
61.dismiss/dIs̍mIs/v.解雇,解散
62.limit/̍lImIt/n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定
63.measure/̍meʒə(r)/n.措施;方法vt.测量;度
量;估量
再次背诵时间: 月 日
[Part2] 熟背核心短语
1.rolcal 点名
2.inshock震惊;吃惊
3.firstaidkit急救箱
4.atlarge整个,全部
5.inruins严重受损;破败不堪
6.onhand现有(尤指帮助)
7.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除
8.occurto被想到,浮现在脑中
9.digout掘出;发现
10.safeandsound安然无恙
11.keeponeshead(在困境中)保持冷静
12.toonesrelief让某人宽慰的是
13.intheopenair露天;在户外
14.makeupfortheloss弥补损失
再次背诵时间: 月 日
[Part3] 存储经典句式
1.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
NothinggivesonemoresatisfactionthanrealisG
ingthatal thesweatand hard work were
worthitintheend.没有什么比意识到所有的
汗水和辛勤工作最终都是值得的更能让人满意
的了.(北师必一UNIT2SPORTSANDFITNESS)
2.the+序数词+名词+todosth.
ThewomanwasTuYouyou,thefirstChinese
femalescientisttobeawardedaNobelPrizefor
herwork.这位女士就是屠呦呦,她是第一位因
她的工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性科学家.
(北师必二 UNIT6THEADMIRABLE)
3.感叹句
HowstupidIwas! 我是多么愚蠢啊! (译林必一
Unit3Gettingalongwithothers)
再次背诵时间: 月 日
453
高考总复习 英语(H)
对应学生用书P271
Part1 分类识记单词———用时少功效高
阅
读
单
词
知
其
意
1.crackn.裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂
2.crashvt.&vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞
车;碰撞
3.disastern.灾难;灾害
4.dismissvt.解雇,把免职vi.
解散
5.droughtn.干旱,旱灾
6.forecastv.预测,预报
7.fundn.资金;基金
8.landsliden.崩塌;滑坡
9.lightningn.闪电
10.slide(slid;slid)vi.&vt.
滑行n.幻灯片
11.staffn.全体职工
12.tapvi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲n.水
龙头
13.unearthvt.使出土,挖掘
14.unifyvi.&vt.统一;(使)成
一体
15.volcanon.火山
核
心
单
词
练
其
通
[记准记牢] [用准用活]
1.buryvt.埋葬;安葬
2.claimv.宣称,声称,断言
3.calmadj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静
4.effortn.努力
5.floodn.洪水v.淹没;大量涌入
6.hugvt.拥抱n.拥抱
7.importn.进口产品;进口vt.进口,引进
8.limitn.限度;限制vt.限制;限定
9.measuren.措施;方法vt.测量;度量;估量
10.otherwiseadv.否则,不然
11.reliefn.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过
后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
12.sheltern.居所,住处v.掩蔽;躲避
13.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供
应;供给
14.trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;
陷阱
15.whistlev.吹口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声
选用左栏单词的正确形式填空
1.Thevilagehasfloodsfrequently,especialyinthe
spring,makingthestreetsverymuddy.
2.Somestudentsareopposedtothedecisionand
thinkthatitwillimittheirfreedom.
3.Wedesirethatimmediatehelpshouldbegivento
thelocalvilagerswhohavebeentrappedbythe
flood.
4.Hearingthebadnews,sheburiedherfaceinher
handsandcried.
5.Thegovernmenthassuppliedplentyoffoodand
clothestothelocalpeoplesincetheearthquake
happened.
6.(2024北京卷)Growingup,IidealisedindeG
pendence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobe
enough.
7.Afterbeingrescued,wehuggedeachothertightly.
553
主题群九 灾害防范
拓
展
单
词
用
其
活
[记准记牢]
1.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 →
effectn.效果;影响→effectiveadj.有效的
→affectionn.喜爱,钟爱;慈爱
2.announcevt.通告,公告→announcementn.
通告,公告
3.bearvt.忍受→bearableadj.可以忍受的→
unbearableadj.无法忍受的
4.breathn.呼吸 →breathevi.&vt.呼吸 →
breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的
5.deliverv.递送;传达vt.发表→deliveryn.投
递;交付
6.destroyv.破坏→destructionn.破坏→deG
structiveadj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏
(或毁灭)性的
7.diev.死亡→deathn.死;死亡→deadadj.失
去生命的→deadlyadj.致命的
8.distantadj.遥远的→distancen.距离;疏远
9.electricadj.电的;用电的→electronicadj.
电子的→electricityn.电;电能
10.emergevi.浮现;出现→emergentadj.新兴
的→emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况
11.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷
出→eruptionn.喷发
12.rescuen.&vt.营救;救援→rescuern.救
助者
13.revivevt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revivaln.
振兴;复苏
14.scarevt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→
scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,吓
人的
15.sharpadj.灵敏的;锋利的→sharplyadv.
急剧地;锋利地→sharpenvt.使锋利
16.shockvt.使震惊;使难以置信→shocking
adj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的
17.wiseadj.明智的→wisdomn.智慧;才智→
unwiseadj.不明智的
[用准用活]
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1.Iliketoliveinthecountrysidewheretheairisgood
tobreathe(breath).
2.Weoftenwalktothebeach,whichiswithinwalking
distance(distant)ofmyhouse.
3.Theyprefertowaitfortheemergence(emerge)ofa
newphysicstheoryofeverything.
4.Infaceofdisaster,wemustunifyandshowthewisG
dom(wise)tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighG
terfuture.
5.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricG
ity(electric)consumedintheUS.
6.Theywereshocked(shock)tofindthehousecomG
pletelydestroyed.
7.UnderstandingyourownneedsandstylesofcomG
municationisasimportantaslearningtoconvey
youraffection(affect)andemotions.
8.Thesepeoplewilstarvetodeath(die)unlessthey
receivehelpsoon.
9.Shesdoingacoursetosharpen (sharp)herbusiG
nessskils.
10.Theofficialannouncement(announce)wasmade
oneortwodayslater.
11.Herbehaviourwasoftenunbearable(bearable)and
shewasstubbornbecauseshecouldntspeak,read
orwritewhenshewassevenyearsold.
12.Thedestruction(destroy)ofsuchspeciescould
preventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertain
diseases.
13.Theeruption (erupt)ofthevolcanopanicked many
peopleintoleavingthisarea.
14.Thewindwashowlingoutsideofmyhouse.We
werehavingaterriblethunderstorm.Iwasvery
scared(scare).
15.Tiredastheyare,therescuers(rescue)arestilin
searchofthemissingpeopleintheflashfloods.
653
高考总复习 英语(H)
▶上串下联 规律探寻
后缀“Gable”形容词大观园 disG否定前缀词精选
①bearable 可以忍受的
②adjustable 可调节的
③comfortable 舒适的
④reasonable 合理的
⑤favorable 有利的
⑥suitable 合适的
⑦reliable 可依赖的
①dismissv. 解雇;解散
②disagreevi. 不同意
③disappearvi. 消失
④disabilityn. 残疾;无能
⑤discouragevt. 使气馁
⑥disobeyvt. 不服从
⑦dislikevt. 不喜欢;厌恶
Part2 分组背练短语———不枯燥兴趣高
先记牢 再用准
●[第一组] 汉译英
1.inshock 震惊;吃惊
2.inruins 严重受损;破败不堪
3.onhand 现有(尤指帮助)
4.sweepaway 消灭;彻底消除
5.occurto 被想到,浮现在脑中
6.digout 掘出;发现
●[第二组] 英译汉
1.firstaid 急救
2.safeandsound 安然无恙
3.keeponeshead 保持冷静
4.toonesrelief 让某人宽慰的是
5.intheopenair 露天;在户外
6.makeupfor 弥补
选用左栏短语的正确形式填空
1.Giveawayanyfoodyouhaveonhand,
orlockitupandgivethekeytothe
neighbours.
2.Thefiercecivil warthatlastedtwo
yearsleftthecountryinruins.
3.Those who havesurvivedtheearthG
quakeareintheopenairnow.
4.Insteadoftryingto makeupforlost
time,asmanypeoplemightdo,hereG
signedonthespot.
▶上串下联 规律探寻
“动词+out”短语集锦 “toones+n.”短语荟萃
①digout 掘出;发现
②leaveout 省去;遗漏;不考虑
③letout 发出;放走;泄露
④makeout 理解;辨认出
⑤pickout 挑出;辨认出
⑥figureout 理解;弄清楚
①toonesrelief 令某人欣慰的是
②toonesregret 令某人遗憾的是
③toonesastonishment 令某人吃惊的是
④toonesdisappointment 令某人失望的是
⑤toonessurprise 令某人吃惊的是
⑥toonescredit 令某人赞扬的是
Part3 句式教材迁移———汇教材背典句
句型公式 融汇教材
“否定词+比较级”表
示最高级含义
Toaperson,nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife(没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵
的了),andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife,howcouldIrefusethattrust...(人教必三
UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES)
the+序数词+名词
+todosth.
Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehired(第一位被聘为的女性)
asaresidentphysicianintheOBGGYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(人教必三
UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES)
感叹句
Andwhatacity(一座多么了不起的城市啊)—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfafG
tertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.(人教必三 UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES)
753
主题群九 灾害防范
对应学生用书P273
[Part1 核心词汇多维练透]
1.buryvt.埋葬;安葬
(1)
beburiedin
buryoneselfin}埋头于;专心于
(2)buryonesfaceinoneshands 双手掩面
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Withso manypeopleburied (bury)inruins,
noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavea
rest.
②Thegirlwassittingthere,burying(bury)her
faceinherhands.
③Hesatatawoodentableandwasburied(bury)
inreading.
④Sincesheleft,hesburiedhimself(he)inhis
work.
[二维写美]———一句多译
⑤由于埋头于功课,他对外面的事情一无所知.
→Buryinghimselfinhislessons,heknewnothing
abouttheoutsideworld.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Buriedinhislessons,heknewnothingaboutthe
outsideworld.(过去分词短语作状语)
2.calmadj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静
(1)keep/staycalm 保持冷静
calm (sb.)down (使某人)冷静下来
(2)calmlyadv. 镇定自若地,镇静地
calmnessn. 冷静,镇定
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Shewasverynervousonstage,butsheforced
herselftofinishthespeechcalmly(calm).
②Thestrongerapersonis,thelessyouseehim
throwawayhiscalmness(calm).
③Takingadeepbreathcanhelpyoucalmyourself
downquickly.
[二维写美]———读后续写之动作描写
④谢天谢地,杰夫保持了冷静,并且迅速关掉了液
化气.
Thankfuly,Jeffstayed/keptcalmandturnedoff
thegasquickly.
[三维学考对接]———典句赏析
⑤(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)George,thehusband,was
tryingtobecalm,butIcouldtelthiswashard
forhim,...丈夫 George尽力冷静下来,但我看得
出来,这对他来说很难,
3.limitn.限度;限制vt.限制;限定
(1)setalimitto/on 限制
beyondthelimit 超过限度
(2)limit...to... 把限定在范
围内
(3)limitedadj. 有限的
belimitedtosth. 受限制于
(4)limitationn. 范围;限制
[名师点津] limit...to...和setalimittosth.
短语中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词.
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto
400wordsorso.
②Hewasbornintoapoorfamily,andonlyreG
ceivedalimited(limit)educationinhischildhood.
③Isuggestthatyousetalimiton/totheuseof
yourphoneandfindnewwayssuchasreadingand
walkingtorelaxyourself.
[二维写美]———一句多译
④依我看,你最好对旅游费用限定范围.
→Inmyopinion,youhadbetterlimittheexpense
ofyourtrip.(limitv.)
→Inmyopinion,youhadbettersetalimitto/on
theexpenseofyourtrip.(limitn.)
[三维学考对接]———单句语法填空
⑤(2024北京卷)Thistimearound,Icanaccept
mylimitations(limit)butkeepgoing.
4.measuren.措施;方法vt.测量;度量;估量
(1)measure...by... 用来衡量
(2)takemeasurestodosth. 采取措施做某事
makesth.toonesownmeasure
为某人量身定做某物
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时,常用
其复数形式.作动词表示“有长/宽/高”时,为
不及物动词,不用于被动语态和进行时,若此意义
的短语作后置定语,要用现在分词形式.
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Werodealongtherivermeasuring (measure)
over500meterslonguntilwefinalyreachedthe
farm.
②Intheolddays,mymotheralwaysmadenew
clothestomyownmeasurewithSpringFestival
coming.
853
高考总复习 英语(H)
[二维写美]———应用文写作之环境保护
③该是我们采取措施防止空气污染的时候了.
Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakemeasures
tokeeptheairfrombeingpoluted.
[三维学考对接]———典句赏析
④(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Yettheproblem,byjust
aboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.
然而,无论以何种标准衡量,这个问题似乎都在恶化.
5.reliefn.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
(1)inrelief 如释重负;松了口气
toonesrelief 令某人感到欣慰的是
withrelief 宽慰地
Itsarelieftodosth. 做某事是令人欣慰的
(2)relievevt. 使轻松,宽慰;缓解
relievesb.of... 解除某人的
(3)relievedadj. 宽慰的
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
① Having finished al the housework,Mary
droppedherselfintothesofa,sighingin/withreG
lief.
② Relieved(relieve),Isatbackinaneasychair
andfelasleep.
[二维写美]———读后续写之情绪描写
③令他们感到欣慰的是,在父亲的指导下,他们成
功地做好了早餐.
Totheirrelief,withtheguidanceoffather,they
successfulymadethebreakfast.
[三维学考对接]———典句赏析
④(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Thesestoriescanrelieve
mystressandbroadenmyhorizon.
这些故事可以缓解我的压力,拓宽我的视野.
6.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给
(1)supplysth.tosb.=supplysb.withsth.
向某人提供某物
(2)beinshortsupply 短缺
asupplyof 一批,很多
[名师点津] 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:
providesb.withsth.= providesth.forsb.;ofG
fersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Idliketoknowthereasonwhythemilkisin
shortsupplyinthisareanow.
②Mumanddad,ofcourse,providearegularsupG
plyofpocketmoney.
[二维写美]———应用文写作之活动介绍
③这位热心人给了我们一些吃的并主动帮助我们
联系了警察.
→ThewarmGheartedmansupplieduswithsome
food(=suppliedsomefoodtous)andofferedto
helpuscontactthepolice.(supply)
→ ThewarmGheartedmanprovideduswithsome
food(=providedsomefoodforus)andofferedto
helpuscontactthepolice.(provide)
7.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
(1)beaffectedby 受的影响;被
打动
beaffectedwith 感染疾病
(2)affectionn. 喜爱,钟爱;慈爱
haveanaffectionfor 喜欢,深爱着
[名师点津] affect,effect辨析:
effect为名词,意为“影响”,短语haveaneffecton
意为“对有影响”,相当于动词affect.
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Affected(affect)byhisfather,hebecameinG
terestedinChinesepainting.
②Althecattleonthefarmwereaffectedwiththe
disease.
③Thepoetexpressedinthispoemhisdeepand
enduringaffection(affect)forhismotherland.
[二维写美]———应用文写作之在线学习
④在线学习本身有一些不完善之处,这使得我们很
难不受影响.
Onlinelearningitself hassomeimperfections,
makingitdifficultforusnottobeaffected.
[三维学考对接]———典句欣赏
⑤(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)AIwilaffectusal,andif
youonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.
人工智能将影响我们所有人,如果你只读过一本关
于这个主题的书,那就是这本书.
8.shockvt.使震惊;使难以置信
(1)shockedadj. 感到震惊的
(2)beshockedby/at... 对感到震惊
beshockedtodosth. 因做而震惊
beshockedthat... 对感到震惊
[一维练透]———单句语法填空
①Al ofuswereshocked(shock)atthenews
abouttheaccident.
②MostofthepeoplealovertheworldwereanG
gryattheshocking(shock)violence.
③Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingwereshocked
tosee(see)thebossrushout.
④Iwasshockedthathecouldbesocareless.
[二维写美]———一句多译
⑤看到她抽烟,我很震惊.
→I wasshocked atseeing hersmoking.(be
shockedat)
→Iwasshockedtoseehersmoking.(beshockedto)
953
主题群九 灾害防范
[Part2 经典句式写作迁移]
1.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
(教材对接)Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命
更珍贵的了(人教必三 UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES)
否定词+比较级表示“没有比更;没有
像一样”,常用的否定词有no,not,nevG
er,nothing,nobody,hardly等.
[写作迁移]———微写作
①就我个人而言,没有什么比努力学习更重要
的了.
AsfarasImconcerned,nothingismoreimporG
tantthanstudyinghard.
②直到那时我才突然意识到,没有人比我更幸
福了.
ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednoG
bodywashappierthanIwas.
2.the+序数词+名词+todosth.
(教材对接)ThewomanwasTuYouyou,thefirstChinesefemalescientisttobeawardedaNobelPrizefor
herwork.这位女士就是屠呦呦,她是第一位因她的工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性科学家.(北师必二 UG
NIT6THEADMIRABLE)
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级
等修饰或前有thenext,theonly,thelast等
时,常用不定式作后置定语.
(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代
词之后.
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定
式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、
工具,不定式后面须加相应的介词.
(4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词,
常 见 的 有:ability,chance,ambition,offer,
anxiety,answer,reply,attempt,belief等.
[写作迁移]———微写作
①如果我有任何进一步的消息,你将是第一个知道
的人.
IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwil bethefirst
persontoknow.
②她只有一间小房间可住.
Shehasonlyalittleroomtolivein.
③表达一个想法的能力和这个想法本身一样重要.
Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantas
theideaitself.
对应学生用书P276
[培优1] 多维练通活运用
一、阅读障碍破除
Ⅰ.熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的含义
1.Hehadarealgiftforhandlingchores,sheltering
mefromunpleasantrepairjobs. 保护;庇护
2.Thenextcrewreliefcomesondutyat9oclock
everyeveningontime. 替班者;换班者
3.Hewastryingtodecidewhetherthequestionwas
somesortofatrap. 圈套;诡计
4.Fromsomewhere,heunearthedablacksilksuit.
找到
5.IhavegiventhankstoGodfordeliveringmefrom
thatpain. 解救;拯救;使解脱
Ⅱ.一词多义
根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义
1.dismiss
A.v.让(某人)离开;解散 B.v.解雇 C.v.消除
①Igentlypattedhimontheshouldertodismisshis
fearsfromhismind. C
②Theclasswasdismissedearlytoday. A
③HewasdismissedfromhisjobforinactionandinG
competence. B
2.otherwise
A.adv.否则;不然 B.adv.除此以外 C.adv.
以其他方式
①Itisnotpermittedtoselorotherwisedistribute
copiesofpastexaminationpapers. C
063
高考总复习 英语(H)
② My parentslent methe money.Otherwise,I
couldnthaveaffordedthetrip. A
③Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwise
thehousewassilent. B
二、语境创新应用
文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇
Disasterssuchastornadoes,floods,landslides,
volcaniceruptions,typhoons,hurricanesandearthG
quakeshave come one after another,1.causing
(cause)greatdamageto manycountries.Among
themtheearthquakehasthe2.worst(bad)effects.
The1976 Tangshanearthquakecaused morethan
240,000deaths.90percentofhomeslay3.inruins
andpeoplesufferedalot.Everywheretheshocked
survivorssaw4.destroyed(destroy)bricksanduseG
lessmetalsasiftheworldwereat5.anend.Rescue
teamsdugoutthetrapped,buriedthedeadandbuilt
shelters.Withunifiedeffortsand6.wisdom(wise)of
alpeople,thecityrevived7.itself(it)andbeganto
breatheagain.Earthquakesundertheseacanalso
causetsunamis.Thetsunamithat8.struck(strike)
Asiain2004crashedintocoastlinesandsweptaway
manypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby
deliveringfoodand9.supplies(supply)byhelicopG
ter.(Tipsforemergency:※ Keepcalm ※Tapona
pipeorwhistleforhelp ※ Stayawayfrom power
lines※ Surviveon10.whatyouhaveonhand.)
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养———Topic:黄石国家公园的火山
◆真题文本 ◆真题再做
(江苏卷)Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYelowG
stoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomething
that,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldntfindtheparks
volcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYelowstonewasvolcanic
innature—thatswhataccountedforalitshotspringsandothersteamy
features.ButChristiansencouldntfindthe YelowstonevolcanoanyG
where.
Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆
锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwhenerupting
magma(岩 浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,a
Mexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmalpartofhis
land.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeet
high.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeet
andwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthouG
sandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,albutafewhundredofthemextinct.
Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesntinG
volvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburst
openinasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.YelowG
stoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldntfindthe
calderaanywhere.
JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhighGaltitudecamerG
asbytakingphotographsofYelowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedon
someofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthatthey
mightmakeaniceblowGupforoneofthevisitorscenters.Assoonas
Christiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecalG
dera:almostthewholepark—2.2milionacres—wascaldera.TheexploG
sionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobe
seenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYelowstone
musthaveblownup withaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanything
knowntohumans.
1.Whatpuzzled Christiansen
whenhewasstudyingYelG
lowstone?
A.Its complicated geoG
graphicalfeatures.
B.ItseverGlastinginfluence
ontourism.
C.The mysterioushistory
ofthepark.
D.Theexactlocationofthe
volcano.
2.WhatdoesthesecondparaG
graphmainlytalkabout?
A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.
B.Theimpacts of volcaG
noes.
C.TheactivitiesofvolcaG
noes.
D.The heights of volcaG
noes.
3.Whatdoesthe underlined
word“blowGup”inthelast
paragraph most probably
mean?
A.HotGairbaloon.
B.Digitalcamera.
C.Bigphotograph.
D.Birdsview.
163
主题群九 灾害防范
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.20世纪60年代,
BobChristiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史
时,对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑:
他找不到公园里的火山.
1.D [细节理解题.根据第一段中的“BobChrisG
tiansenbecame ...theparksvolcano”可 知,Bob
Christiansen对黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感
到困惑.]
2.A [段落大意题.根据第二段的内容尤其第一句
和“asecondlessknowntypeof...avasthole”可
知,该段主要讲两类火山的形态.]
3.C [词义猜测题.根据第三段第一句和第三句可
知,NASA 拍 摄 了 黄 石 国 家 公 园 的 照 片,ChrisG
tiansen在照片上看到公园的全景.由此可推知,
blowGup意为“放大的照片”.]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.thevolcanichistory 火山的历史
2.pileup 堆积
3.theconfusedowner 困惑的所有者
4.topout 达到最高点
5.asinglebigcrack 一个大裂缝
6.somenewhighGaltitudecameras
一些新的高空摄像机
7.theparkauthorities 公园管理局
8.farbeyondthescale 远远超出此规模
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.volcanon. 火山
2.scalen. 规模
3.altogetheradv. 完全
4.extinctadj. 灭绝的
5.explosiveadj. 爆炸的
6.thoughtfuladj. 深思的
7.assumptionn. 假定
8.acren. 英亩
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横
线上)
1.feature
A.特色 B.地理特征
C.以为特色 D.由主演
①...thatswhataccountedforalitshotsprings
andothersteamyfeatures. B
②ItsagreatfilmanditfeaturesaSpanishactor
whoisgoingtobeaworldstarwithinayear.
D
2.form
A.形成 B.形式
C.建立 D.表格
①Thesecanformremarkablyquickly. A
②Signyournameontheform whereIveputa
cross. D
◆长句缩写
1.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,think
oftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilG
imanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma
(岩浆)pilesup.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
Mostofus,(when wetalkaboutvolcanoes),
thinkofthe(classic)cone(圆锥体)shapes(ofa
FujiorKilimanjaro),[whicharecreated(wheneG
ruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup)].
[句子缩写] Most of usthink ofthe cone
shapes.(不超过10个单词)
2.TheexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymiG
lesacross-muchtoohugetobeseenfromanyG
whereatgroundlevel.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
Theexplosionhadleftahole(morethanfortymiG
lesacross)-(muchtoohugetobeseenfromanyG
where)(atgroundlevel).
[句子缩写] Theexplosionhadleftahole.(不超
过10个单词)
对应学生用书P278
Part1 应用文写作话题练
●[Step1] 练表达———夯基固本
根据汉语提示完成句子
①一天夜里,一切都开始摇晃起来.水管爆裂,电
力中断.
Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,thepipes
burstingandtheelectricitycutoff.
②无论走到哪里,我们都能看见一切都已经变成了
废墟.
Whereverwewent,wefoundeverythinglayin
ruins.
③仿佛到了世界末日!
Itseemedasiftheworldwereatanend!
④有些人受伤.有些人被埋在废墟下.
Somepeoplewereinjured.SomeotherswereburG
iedundertheruins.
263
高考总复习 英语(H)
⑤士兵们立刻前来救援.他们救出了被困在废墟
中的人,并将死者掩埋.
Thesoldierscametotherescuerightaway.Theysaved
thepeopletrappedundertheruinsandburiedthedead.
⑥在灾难面前,他们非常愿意帮助那些需要帮助
的人.
Theyweretoowilingtohelpthoseintroublein
thefaceofdisasters.
⑦我们再怎么赞扬他们也不为过.
Wecantthinktoohighlyofthem.
●[Step2] 学升级———亮人一眼
改变句式结构以使表达升级
①把句⑤升级为含定语从句的句子
Thesoldierscametotherescuerightaway.They
savedpeoplewhoweretrappedundertheruins
andburiedthedead.
②用含状语从句的句子合并句⑥和句⑦
Becausethey weretoo wilingtohelpthosein
troubleinthefaceofdisasters,wecantthinktoo
highlyofthem.
●[Step3] 用衔接———完美成篇
利用恰当的过渡词汇连句成篇
Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,thepipes
burstingandtheelectricitycutof.Whereverwewent,
wefoundeverythinglayinruins.Itseemedasifthe
worldwereatanend!
Somepeoplewereinjuredandsomeotherswere
buriedundertheruins.ThesoldierscametotheresG
cuerightaway,savedpeoplewhoweretrappedunder
theruinsandburiedthedead.Becausetheyweretoo
wilingtohelpthoseintroubleinthefaceofdisasG
ters,wecantthinktoohighlyofthem.
Part2 读后续写微技能32———动作描写之“手指”
●[Step1] 场景续写词汇———语料累积
固
定
短
语
①lift/holdawarningfinger
伸出一根手指警告
②lift/holdafingertooneslips
伸出一根手指按在嘴上
③wagonesfinger摇着手指
④pointanaccusingfingeratsb.
指责某人;怪罪某人
⑤drumonesfingerson...
用手指咚咚地敲某处
●[Step2] 场景续写佳句———完成句子
根据汉语提示完成句子
①门开了又关上,老师走了进来,他伸出一根手指按
在嘴上警告我们.
Thedooropenedandclosedandtherestoodthe
teacher,lifting/holdinga warningfingerto his
lips.(现在分词作伴随状语)
②过了一会儿,一些学生又忍不住小声谈论起来.
Afterawhile,somestudentscouldnthelp/resist
talkinginawhisperagain.(简单句)
③老师再一次伸出一根手指按到嘴上,要求安静
下来.
Again,theteacherlifted/heldafingertohislips
toaskforsilence.(简单句)
④仅仅过了几秒,又有人说起来了.他不耐烦地用手
指在黑板上咚咚地敲.
Onlyafterafew seconds,somebegantotalk
again.Impatiently,hedrummedhisfingersonthe
blackboard.(简单句)
⑤他指责那些说话的学生,要求他们走出教室.
PointinganaccusingfingeratthestudentstalkG
ing,hedemandedofthemtogooutsidetheclassG
room.(动词Ging形式作状语)
⑥“你们真是太淘气了!”老师生气地摆了摆手指
喊道.
“Hownaughtyyouare!”criedtheteacher,wagG
ginghisfingerangrily.(动词Ging形式作状语)
●[Step3] 过渡衔接美文———连句成篇
将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵,注意使用合适的衔
接过渡词汇.
Thedooropenedandclosedandtherestoodthe
teacher,lifting/holdingawarningfingertohislips.
However,afterawhile,somestudentscouldnthelp/reG
sisttalkinginawhisperagain.Again,theteacher
lifted/heldafingertohislipstoaskforsilence.OnG
lyafterafewseconds,somebegantotalkagain.ImG
patiently,hedrummedhisfingersontheblackboard.
Pointinganaccusingfingeratthestudentstalking,hedeG
mandedofthemtogooutsidetheclassroom.“How
naughtyyouare!”criedtheteacher,wagginghisfinG
gerangrily.
363
主题群九 灾害防范