内容正文:
[选择性必修第一册]
课时冲关13 Unit1 Foodmatters 学生课时P315
Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:世界粮食日海报大赛
WorldFoodDayPosterContest
Ifyoureagedbetween5and19andwherevG
eryoulive,theFoodandAgricultureOrganizaG
tion(FAO)oftheUnitedNationswantstohear
from you! Useyourimaginationandcreatea
postershowingaworldwherenooneisleftbeG
hindandeveryonehasaccesstohealthyandafG
fordablefood.
Rules:
●Theregistrationperiodwilendat12:00
onFriday,November3.
●Thecontestisdividedintothefolowing
categories:from5to8yearsold,from9to12
yearsold,from13to15yearsoldandfrom16to
19yearsold.
●Participants whosubmit morethanone
posterwilbedisqualified.
●Alartworksmustbeoriginal.AndpostG
ershavetobedrawnorpaintedwithpensorcolG
oredpencilsorbedesigneddigitaly.
●Postersmayormaynotincludethetext.
Ifthetextisused,nomorethan25wordswilbe
accepted.Dontincludenames,schoolnames,
age,contactinformationorphotographicpictures
ofthecompetitors,etc.
●PosterscanonlybesentusingtheregisG
trationformprovidedforthispurpose.Alfields
oftheentryformmustbecompletedandoncethe
posterdesignhasbeenuploaded,theSUBMIT
buttonmustbeclicked.
● Only digitalfilesinJPEG format wil
beaccepted
Prize:
●Theselectioncommittee wil choose15
postersineachcategoryfortheshortlist(决选名
单)andinformtheminDecember.ShortlistedcandiG
dateswilreceiveacertificateforthisachievement.
●Ajury(评委会)wilchoosethreewinning
postersfrom eachcategory,andthesewinning
posterswilbeannouncedontheWorldFoodDay
website.
●Winnerswil bepromotedonFAOsocial
mediaandwilalsoreceiveacertificateofrecogG
nitionandasurprisegiftbag.
1.Whatisarequirementfortheparticipants?
A.Theymustpresentonlyoneposter.
B.Theymustdesigntheirpostersdigitaly.
C.TheymustuploadtheirpostersonNov.3.
D.TheymustprovidetheirpersonalinformaG
tion.
2.How many posters wil bechosenforthe
shortlistinal?
A.15. B.30. C.45. D.60.
3.Whatwilhappentothewinners?
A.TheywilbecomemembersofFAO.
B.TheywilbeintroducedonFAOmedia.
C.Theywilreceivealotofmoney.
D.Theywilgetmanybagsfulofposters.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
世界粮食日海报大赛的参赛规则.
1.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 文 章 Rules部 分 中
“Participantswhosubmitmorethanoneposter
wilbedisqualified.(提交多于一张海报的参赛
者将被取消参赛资格.)”可知,对参赛者的要求
是他们只能提交一张海报.]
2.D [细节理解题.根据文章 Rules部分中第二
点“Thecontestisdividedintothefolowing
categories:from5to8yearsold,from9to12
yearsold,from13to15yearsoldandfrom16
to19yearsold.(比赛分为5-8岁、9-12岁、
13-15岁和16-19岁.)”可知,比赛分四个类
别;再根据Prize部分中“TheselectioncommitG
teewilchoose15postersineachcategoryfor
theshortlist(决 选 名 单)andinformthemin
December.(评选委员会将在每个类别中 选 出
15张 海 报 进 入 决 选 名 单,并 于 12 月 通 知 他
们.)”可知,每个类别中选出15张海报进入决
选名单,共四个类别,所以共60张海报会进入
决选名单.]
3.B [细节理解题.根据文章 Prize部分中最后
一点“WinnerswilbepromotedonFAOsocial
mediaandwilalsoreceiveacertificateofrecG
ognitionandasurprisegiftbag.(获奖者将在粮
农组织社交媒体上进行宣传,并将获得认可证
书和惊喜礼品袋.)”可知,获奖者将在粮农组织
媒体上被宣传.]
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基础必备 选择性必修第一册
阅读理解B 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:方便面
WhatdoastudentinChina,anofficeworker
intheUKandanastronautinspaceal havein
common? They al eatinstant noodles.And
theyrenotalone-over100bilionservingsofinG
stantnoodlesareconsumedglobalyeachyear,
makingthemoneoftheworldsmostsuccessful
industrialfoods.Buthowdidthishappen?
Putsimply,theyrecheaptoproduceand
cheaptobuy,whichwasexactlywhattheircreaG
torintendedtoachieve.MomofukuAndo,anenG
trepreneur,spentayearperfectingtherecipejust
aftertheSecondWorldWar.Hewantedtomake
somethingsimilartotraditionalnoodles.HiscreG
ationwasinstantlypopular,playingapartinthe
postwareconomicrise.Evenintheyear2000-
accordingtoapolbytheFujiResearchInstituteG
instantnoodleswerevotedthe mostsuccessful
invention,aheadofhighspeedtrains,laptops
andkaraoke.
Accordingtothe WorldsInstant Noodles
Association,China,Indonesia,VietnamandInG
dia-inthatorder—al consumed moreinstant
noodlesthan beforein2021.Instantnoodles
popularityabroadisinpartduetohoweasythey
aretoadapttolocaltastes.InThailand,forexG
ample,youcangetgreencurryflavour,whilein
Mexicothenoodlesaregarnished(加饰菜)with
limeandsalsa.Anditseemsthatconsumershave
growntoexpectinnovation.Nissin,thefood
companyfoundedby Ando,launchesover300
productsyearly,accordingtoemployee Kasura
Suzuki.
Instantnoodleshavetheircritics,too.Their
riseinpopularityhascomeatanenvironmental
cost-theyremadewithpalmoil,contributingto
deforestation,andtheirpackagingisplastic.And
whiletheyareahot,tastyandfilingmeal,inG
stantnoodlesdonthavemuchnutritionalvalue,
andincludehighlevelsofsaltandfat.NevertheG
less,instantnoodlesareundoubtedlylifesaversin
emergencyorextremesituations.
Morethan60yearsaftertheirinvention,inG
stantnoodleshavebecomethedefaultfoodfor
anyoneshortonmoney,time,orevenakitchen.
4.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParaG
graph1?
A.Bygivingexamples.
B.Bymakinganassumption.
C.Byaskingquestions.
D.Byreasoningandanalyzing.
5.Whatwastheoriginalintentionofinventing
instantnoodles?
A.Topromotetraditionalculture.
B.Toreduceenvironmentalcost.
C.Toearnmoreprofit.
D.Tomakethemlowcostandaffordable.
6.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytelusaboutinG
stantnoodles?
A.Theirworldwidepopularity.
B.Theirmajorcontribution.
C.Theirconsumerspreferences.
D.Theirinnovativefeatures.
7.Whatisthebestexplanationfor“thedefault
food”inthelastparagraph?
A.Thepreferredfood.
B.Themostdeliciousfood.
C.Thecheapestfood.
D.Themostnutritiousfood.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.介绍了方便面
的前世今生,说明方便面是世界上最成功的工业
化食品之一.
4.C [推理判断题.根据文章第一段“Whatdoa
studentin China,an office worker...each
year,makingthem oneofthe worlds most
successfulindustrialfoods.Buthow didthis
happen? (中国的一名学生、英国的一名办公室
职员和太空中的一名宇航员有什么共同点? 他
们都 吃 方 便 面.他 们 并 不 是 唯 一 的———超 过
1000亿份方便面就是这样每年在全球范围内
被消费,使其成为世界上最成功的工业食品之
一.但这是怎么发生的呢?)”可知,文章第一段
通过提出问题来引出本文主题与方便面有关.]
5.D [细节理解题.根据文章第二段“PutsimG
ply,theyrecheaptoproduceandcheapto
buy,whichwasexactlywhattheircreatorinG
tendedtoachieve.(简单地说,它们的生产成本
和购买成本都很低,这正是它们的创造者想要
实现的目标.)”可知,发明方便面的最初目的是
为了使它们成本低,价格实惠.]
6.A [主 旨 大 意 题.根 据 文 章 第 三 段 “Instant
noodlespopularityabroadisinpartdueto
howeasytheyaretoadapttolocaltastes.(方
便面在国外受欢迎的部分原因是它们很容易适
应当地的口味.)”及下文举例“InThailand,for
example,youcanget...by Ando,launches
over300productsyearly,accordingtoemployG
eeKasuraSuzuki.”可知,本段主要介绍方便面
世界范围内的普遍流行.]
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高考总复习 英语(YL)
7.A [词义猜测题.根据最后一段划线词后文
“foranyoneshortonmoney,time,orevena
kitchen(给 那 些 缺 钱,缺 时 间,甚 至 缺 厨 房 的
人)”及上文第二段“Putsimply,theyrecheap
toproduceandcheaptobuy,whichwasexactG
lywhattheircreatorintendedtoachieve.”及第
三段“Instantnoodlespopularityabroadisin
partduetohoweasytheyaretoadapttolocal
tastes.”讲的方便面的好处可知,方便面应为具
备这些条件的人的首选食品,thedefaultfood
与thepreferredfood 意 思 相 近,表 示 “优 选
食品”.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:空腹喝咖啡
TheDebateonDrinking
CoffeeonanEmptyStomach
Theresapopularbeliefthatdrinkingcoffee
onanemptystomachcandamagethestomach
lining(胃黏膜).ThisarticleinvestigatesthevaG
lidityoftheseclaimsandexploresthebroaderinG
fluencesforgut(肠道)health.
1 Butsomeworrythishabitcouldharm
theirstomachs.Claimsonsocialmediasuggest
thatsuchapracticecouldleadtovariousilnesG
ses.However,KimBarrett,aphysiologyprofesG
sor,assuresthatthestomachisstrong,equipped
withprotective mechanismslikeathickliquid
layerthatprotectsitfrompotentialirritantssuch
ascoffee.
Whilesubstanceslikealcoholareknownto
alterthestomachsdefenses,research,a2013
studyofover8,000participantslivinginJapan,
showsnosubstantiallinkbetweencoffeeconG
sumptionandthedevelopmentofulcers(溃疡).
2
Theideathatcoffeeinducesstomachacid
productioniswelestablished,whichcouldtheoG
reticalyleadtoheartburn,especialyifconsumed
onanemptystomach. 3 A 2014review
foundnoconnectionbetweencoffeeandheartG
burn,whereasa2020studyindicatedapossible
increaseinheartburnsymptomsamonghabitual
coffeedrinkers.
Ifyouexperiencediscomfortafterdrinking
coffee,considercuttingdowntheconsumption.
4 Thatmeansyoudrinklesscoffeeinaway.
Forthosewhotolerateitwel,theresnoneedto
alteryourroutine.
Whilethedebateontheimpactofdrinking
coffeeonanemptystomachcontinues,theeviG
denceleansmoretowardsitssafetyratherthan
harm.MonitoringpersonalsymptomsandmakG
ingsmaladjustmentscanhelpindividualsenjoy
coffee withoutdiscomfort. 5 And what
worksforonepersonmightnotforanother.
A.Addingsomemilkcanalsohelp.
B.However,studiesoffermixedresults.
C.Remember,individualresponsescanvary.
D.Nonetheless,coffeedoeshaveaneffecton
thegut.
E.Theres moreevidenceforcoffeesbenefits
thanharms.
F.Manypeoplestarttheirdaywithacupbefore
eatinganything.
G.ItsuggeststhatcoffeedoesntharmthestomG
achliningdirectly.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.本文探讨了空
腹喝咖啡对胃黏膜有害说法的有效性,并探索了
其对肠道健康的更广泛影响.
1.F [根据空后“Butsomeworrythishabitcould
harmtheirstomachs.(但有些人担心这种习惯
可能会损害他们的胃.)”和“coffee”可知,空处
应是 提 及 喝 咖 啡 的 习 惯.F 项 “Manypeople
starttheirdaywithacupbeforeeatinganyG
thing.(许多人在吃饭前都会喝上一杯咖啡来
开始新的一天.)”符合语境.]
2.G [根据空前“Whilesubstanceslikealcohol
areknowntoalterthestomachsdefenses,reG
search,a2013studyofover8,000participants
livinginJapan,showsnosubstantiallinkbeG
tweencoffeeconsumptionandthedevelopment
ofulcers(溃疡).(虽然人们知道酒精等物质会
改变胃的防御能力,但2013年对8000多名日
本居民进行的一项研究表明,饮用咖啡与溃疡
形成之间没有实质性联系.)”可知,前面提到咖
啡和溃疡没有联系,不会直接导致胃黏膜损害.
G 项“Itsuggeststhatcoffeedoesntharmthe
stomachliningdirectly.(这表明咖啡不会直接
损害胃黏膜.)”符合语境.]
3.B [上文“Theideathatcoffeeinducesstomach
acid productionis welestablished,which
couldtheoreticalyleadtoheartburn,especialG
lyifconsumedonanemptystomach.(咖啡会
引起胃酸分泌的观点已得到充分证实,理论上
来说,这可能会导致胃灼热,尤其是在空腹时饮
用.)”提到从理论方面咖啡和胃灼热的关系,下
文“A2014reviewfoundnoconnectionbetween
coffeeandheartburn,whereasa2020studyinG
523
基础必备 选择性必修第一册
dicatedapossibleincreaseinheartburnsympG
tomsamonghabitualcoffeedrinkers.(2014的
一项综述发现,咖啡和胃灼热之间没有联系,而
2020年的一项研究表明,习惯喝咖啡的人胃灼
热症状可能会增加.)”提到了一些这方面的不
同研究,B项“However,studiesoffermixedreG
sults.(然 而,研 究 提 供 了 不 同 的 结 果.)”符
合语境.]
4.A [根据空后“ThatmeansyoudrinklesscofG
feeinaway.(从某种程度上来说,这意味着你
喝的咖啡少了.)”可知,建议减少咖啡加入其他
的 东 西.A 项 “Addingsome milkcanalso
help.(添加一些牛奶也有帮助.)”符合语境.]
5.C [根据空后“Andwhatworksforoneperson
mightnotforanother.(对一个人有用的方法
可能对另一个人无效.)”可知,前面说的反应不
同,因为对于一个人有用的方法可能对另一人
没有用.C 项“Remember,individualresponG
sescanvary.(记住,每个人的反应都是不同
的.)”符合语境.]
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:清淡饮食的流行
MoreChinese,especialyyoungpeople,are
choosinglight meals withfewercarbohydrates
(碳水化合物)andmorevegetables.Thistrend
showsthefact1. anxietyoverappearG
anceisincreasinginsociety,butitalsoshowsinG
creasedinterest2. healthierlifestyles.
Jokingly3. (refer)tobyyoung
peopleas“chewinggrass”,thelightmealsarea
healthychoicecomparedtothecommoneating
habitsinsomepartsofChina.
Lighterfood4. (become)awelG
knownconceptinthecountryoverthepastfew
years,withpeoplepreferringfoodwithlesssugG
ar,oilandsalt.Italsofocuseson5.
(bring)backtheoriginaltasteoftheingredients
(食材)throughmuch6. (simple)cooking.
Areportpredictsthatthemarketvolumeforlight
mealsinChinawilreacharound120bilionyuanin
2024.“Itsanindustrywithstrong7. (comG
pete)andgoodopportunitiesatthesametime,”said
oneonlineobserver.ManytopcompaniesinChina
havejoinedthemarket8. (get)ashareof
thepie.
KFCopened9. (it)firsthealthG
consciousrestaurant,KPRO,inHangzhou,ZheG
jiangProvincein2017,andJapaneserestaurant
chainYoshinoyaalsoopeneda“lightmeal”conG
ceptstoreinChengdu,SichuanProvinceinthe
sameyear.LuckinCoffeealsoannounceditwas
entering 10. light mealindustry
in2018.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
清淡饮食越来越流行.
1.that [考查同位语从句.句意:这一趋势表明,
社会上对外表的焦虑正在增加,但也表明人们
对更健康的生活方式越来越感兴趣.分析句子
结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,从句中结构完
整,用that引导.]
2.in [考查介词.句意:这一趋势表明,社会上对
外表的焦虑正在增加,但也表明人们对更健康
的生活方式越来越感兴趣.此处是固定搭配:
interestin意为“对感兴趣”.]
3.referred [考查非谓语动词.句意:这种被年
轻人戏称为“嚼草”的便餐,与中国部分地区常
见的饮食习惯相比,是一种健康的选择.本句
已有谓语动词are,所以refer用非谓语形式,和
逻辑主语thelightmeals之间是被动关系,用过
去分词表被动.]
4.hasbecome [考查动词时态和主谓一致.句
意:在过去的几年里,清淡的食物在这个国家已
经成为一个众所周知的概念,人们更喜欢少糖、
少油、少盐的食物.分析句子结构可知,become
为本句谓语,根据时间状语 overthepastfew
years可知,用现在完成时,主语是 Lighterfood
为第三人称单数.]
5.bringing [考查非谓语动词.句意:它还专注
于通过更简单的烹饪,还原食 材 的 原 汁 原 味.
空前是介词,所以空处应填动名词作宾语.]
6.simpler [考查形容词.句意:它还专注于通过
更简单的烹饪,还原食材的原汁原味.空后是
名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语,根据句意,
应用比较级.]
7.competition [考查名词.句意:一位在线观察
人士表示:“这是一个竞争激烈的行业,同时也
有很好的机会.”空前是形容词,所以空处应填
名词作 宾 语,compete的 名 词 形 式 是 competiG
tion.]
8.toget [考查非谓语动词.句意:中国的许多
顶级公司都加入了这个市场,以分一杯羹.本
句已有谓语动词havejoined,所以get用非谓语
形式,根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作目的
状语.]
9.its [考查代词.句意:2017年,肯德基在浙江
杭州开设了第一家注重健康的餐厅 KPRO,同
年,日本连锁餐厅吉野家也在四川成都开设了
一家“清淡餐”概念店.提示词作定语,用形容
词性物主代词its.]
10.the [考查冠词.句意:瑞幸咖啡也宣布将于
2018年进入轻餐行业.lightmealindustry在
前文已提到过,前文提到的事 物,下 文 再 提 到
时,前用定冠词限定.]
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高考总复习 英语(YL)