内容正文:
课时冲关12 Unit4 Scientistswhochangedtheworld 学生课时P312
Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:人工智能记忆存储方式
Ateam ofscientistsfromtheCenterfor
Cognitionand Sociality andthe Data Science
GroupattheInstituteforBasicScience (IBS)
madeanexcitingdiscoveryabouthowcomputers
andhumanbrainsworksimilarlywhenremembeG
ringthings.TheyfoundoutthatthewayartifiG
cialinteligence(AI)models,likethoseinsmart
robots,store memoriesisalotlikehow our
brainsmemorycenter,caledthehippocampus
(海马体),doesit.Thispartofthebrainisrealy
importantforfeelingsandmemories.
Understandinghow AIlearnsandkeepsinG
formationiskeytomakingitsmarter.ThescienG
tistslookedintohowourbrainslearnandrememG
berbyfocusingonaspecialprocessinvolvingthe
NMDAreceptor,acriticalpartofthehippocamG
pus.Thisreceptorworkslikeasmartdoorinour
brainthathelpswithlearningandremembering.
ItopenswhencertainbrainchemicalsarepresG
ent,alowingtheceltoreceivesignalsandcreate
memories.Aspecificelement,magnesium,acts
likeaguard,onlylettingsubstancesinunderthe
rightconditions.
Interestingly,theteam foundthatTransG
former,atypeofAImodel,usesasimilar“guarG
ding”methodtomanageitsmemory.TheywonG
derediftheycouldmaketheTransformersmemG
orybetterbycopyingthebrainsprocess.ByadG
justingsomesettingsintheTransformertomimG
ic(模拟、模仿)thebrainsmemorydoor,they
improveditsabilitytorememberthingslong
term,justlikeadjustingmagnesiumlevelscanafG
fecthowwel werememberstuff.
Thisdiscoveryisabigdealbecauseitshows
wecanuse whatweknow aboutthebrainto
makeAIsmarter.C.JustinLEE,aneuroscience
(神 经 学)directorattheinstitute,mentioned
thatthisresearchwasabigstepforwardforboth
AIandbrainscience.Itopensupnew waysto
understandhowthebrain worksandtocreate
moreadvancedAIbasedontheseinsights.
So,insimpleterms,scientistshavefigured
outthatcomputerscanlearnandrememberin
waysthataresurprisinglysimilartous,which
couldhelpmakethemevensmarterinthefuture.
1.Whatdoestheterm“NMDAreceptor”inParaG
graph2mostlikelyreferto?
A.AtypeofcomputervirusthatatacksAIsystems.
B.Anewtechnologyformakingcomputersrun
faster.
C.AcomponentinAImodelsthatpredictsfuG
tureevents.
D.ApartofthehumanbraininvolvedinlearnG
ingandmemory.
2.WhatdidtheteamdiscoveraboutTransformer?
A.Itdirectlymimicsthebrainsmemoryprocess.
B.ItisunaffectedbychangesinmemorysetG
tings.
C.Itusesaspecialmethodtomanagememory.
D.Itrequiresadjustmentstoenhancelongterm
memory.
3.WhatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfindG
ingsaccordingtoC.JustinLEE?
A.ItisanewapproachtomemoryorganizaG
tion.
B.ItisacrucialstepinadvancingAIandneuG
roscience.
C.Itisa methodforimprovingshortterm
memoryinAI.
D.Itisabreakthroughinunderstanding AI
emotionalprocessing.
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.ExploringtheNMDAreceptorinthebrain.
B.DiscussingimplicationsofneuroscienceforAI.
C.ComparingcomputerandhumanmemoryprocesG
ses.
D.DiscoveringsimilaritiesbetweenAIandhuG
manmemory.
913
基础必备 必修第三册
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍
了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马
体相似,并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了 AI模型
的记忆能力,促进了 AI与脑科学的发展.
1.D [细节理解题.根据第二段中“ThisrecepG
torworkslikeasmartdoorinourbrainthat
helpswithlearningandremembering.(这种受
体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门,帮助我们学
习和记忆.)”可知,“NMDAreceptor”是人脑中
参与学习和记忆的一部分.]
2.C [推理判断题.根据第三段中“InterestingG
ly,theteamfoundthatTransformer,atypeof
AImodel,usesasimilar‘guarding’methodto
manageitsmemory.(有趣的是,研究小组发现,
Transformer是一种人工智能模型,它使用类似
的‘保护’方法来管理内存.)”可知,Transformer使
用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存.]
3.B [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 四 段 中 “C.Justin
LEE,aneuroscience(神经学)directoratthe
institute,mentionedthatthisresearchwasa
bigstepforwardforbothAIandbrainscience.
(C.JustinLEE,该研究所的神经科学主任表
示,这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个
重大的进展.)”可知,他认为这些研究发现的重
要意义在于这项研究发现推进了 AI和神经科
学的关键步骤.]
4.D [主旨大意题.根据全文内容及最后一段
“So,insimpleterms,scientistshavefigured
outthatcomputerscanlearnandrememberin
waysthataresurprisinglysimilartous,which
couldhelpmakethemevensmarterinthefuG
ture.(所以,简单来说,科学家们已经发现计算
机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆,
这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能.)”可
知,整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和
人类记忆之间发现的相似性,D选项“发现人工
智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处.”准确总结了
文章的中心思想.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:正规儿童保育的优点
Workingmotherscanbreatheasighofrelief
whendropping offtheirlittleonesinformal
childcare.A Frenchstudy hasfoundchildren
whogotonurseryarebetterbehavedandhave
feweremotionalproblemsthanthosecaredforby
familyorachildminder.
1 Thestudy,ontheotherhand,wanted
totestwhatpotentialimpactformalchildcaresetG
tingsfromayoungagecouldhaveonbehaviour.
2 Thosewhohadbeenlookedafterbya
childminderwerethemostlikelytohavebehavG
ioralissuesinbothboysandgirls,theyfound.
ScientiststrackedchildrensemotionaldevelG
opmentfrombirthuptotheageofeight.Parents
wereasked a series ofquestionsabouttheir
childrensbehavioralandemotionalproblemsat
differentages,includinganydifficultiesmaking
friends,hyperactivity(多动症),poorattention,
conduct,andsocialskils. 3
Analysisshowedthosewhoreceivedformal
childcarewerelesslikelytohaveemotionaland
behavioralproblems,andmorelikelytohavebetG
tersocialskilsthanthoselookedafterbyfamily
orfriends.
Aswomenbeganenteringtheworkforcein
increasingnumbersfromthe1980s,somechild
developmentresearchershavefoundthatformal
childcareandinformalchildcareappear. 4 ReG
searchersfindthatoveral,childrenbenefiteda
lotfromformalchildcare.
Boys who went to nursery had fewer
emotionalproblems,butthoselookedafterbya
childminderhadmorebehavioralproblems.Girls
in particular benefitedfrom the moreformal
childcare. 5
Theauthorsconcludethataccessto high
qualitychildcareinthefirstyearsoflifemayimG
provechildrensemotionalandcognitivedevelopG
ment,preventlateremotionaldifficultiesand
promoteprosocial(亲社会的)behavior.
A.Lackofdailyinteractionmayresultinchildren
beingunwilingtosocialize.
B.ThosewhohadgonetonurseryperformedbetG
teracademicalylateronatschool.
023
高考总复习 英语(YL)
C.Informalchildcarehasharmfuloutcomefor
childrenssocialandemotionaladjustment.
D.Itsbecausetheyaremorelikelytobeingshy,
nervousorupset,researcherssuggest.
E.Children whogetformalchildcarewereless
likelytohavebehavioralproblemslater.
F.They werealsoquestionedon whattypeof
childcaretheirchildrenhadbeenprovided.
G.Astudyhassuggestedearlyformalchildcare
mayimprovetheiracademicperformance.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍
了把幼儿放在托儿所会对他们今后的社会行为有
更好的帮助.
1.G [下文“Thestudy,ontheotherhand,wanG
tedtotestwhatpotentialimpactformalchildG
caresettingsfromayoungagecouldhaveon
behaviour.(另外,研究者想要测验早期正规的
儿童 保 育 对 儿 童 的 行 为 还 有 什 么 潜 在 的 影
响.)”提到了研究者想研究儿童保育对儿童行
为还会产生什么影响,说明已经有研究表明儿
童保育对儿童产生了影响.G 项“之前的研究
表明,早期正规的儿童保育可以提高他们的学
习成绩.”与下文语义衔接,符合语境.]
2.E [下文“Thosewhohadbeenlookedafterby
achildminderwerethemostlikelytohavebeG
havioralissuesinbothboysandgirls,they
found.(他们发现,那些由保姆照看过的孩子无
论男女,都最有可能出现行为问题.)”指出保姆
照看孩子的缺点,点明了前文提到的正规的儿
童保育存在优点.E 项“这些得到正规保育的
小孩在之后较少出现行为问题.”与下文形成鲜
明对比,符合语境.]
3.F [上文“ParentswereaskedaseriesofquesG
tionsabouttheirchildrensbehavioraland
emotionalproblemsatdifferentages,including
anydifficultiesmakingfriends,hyperactivity,
poorattention,conduct,andsocialskils.(研
究人员向家长们询问了一系列关于孩子在不同
年龄段的行为和情绪问题,包括交朋友的困难,
多动症,注意力差,品行差和社交能力差.)”指
出了孩子在不同年龄段的一些行为和情绪问
题.F项“他们还被问及他们为孩子提供了什
么样的托儿服务.”与上文承接自然,由also看
出上下文为顺承关系,选项中的questioned呼
应上文的asked.]
4.C [上文“AswomenbeganenteringtheworkG
forceinincreasingnumbersfromthe1980s,
somechilddevelopmentresearchershavefound
thatformalchildcareandinformalchildcareapG
pear.(从20世纪80年代开始,随着越来越多的
女性进入劳动力市场,一些儿童发展研究人员
发现,正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育出
现了.)”指出出现了正规的儿童保育和非正规
的儿童保育.下文“ResearchersfindthatoverG
al,childrenbenefitedalotfromformalchildG
care.(研究人员发现,总的来说,孩子们从正规
的儿童保育中受益匪浅.)”指出正规儿童保育
的优点,C项“不正规的儿童看管不利于儿童的
社会调适和情绪调节.”承上启下,与下文描述
正规儿童保育形成对比关系.]
5.D [上 文 “Girlsinparticularbenefitedfrom
themoreformalchildcare.(女孩尤其受益于更
正规的儿童保育.)”说明与男孩相比,女孩尤其
受益于更正规的儿童保育.D 项“研究人员表
示,这是因为她们更可能害羞,紧张或不安.”承
接上文,解释了女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童
保育的原因.]
Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境:人与动物 体裁:记叙文 话题:班级宠物
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头
语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文.
Theycaledhim “DonnietheDungBeetle”.
Donalddidntmindthecomparison,asheknew
thatAfricandungbeetles(粪金龟)wereknown
formovingthingsathousandtimestheirown
bodyweight.However,hisclassmatesin Mrs.
Beechersthirdgradeclassprobablydidntknow
thisfact.NobodyknewinsectslikeDonalddid,
andhefiguredthatbeingcomparedtoadung
beetlewasnotapraise.
Oneday,RichiemadefunofDonald,pointG
ingtowardsacontainerunderthewindowwhere
asmalbrownbalhungfromabranch.Donald
123
基础必备 必修第三册
triedtoexplainthatitwasaneggcaseofapraG
yingmantis(螳螂),andtheexcitingpartwould
bewhentheeggshatched.ButRichiedidntunG
derstand,andneitherdidmostoftheotherkids.
DonaldhadbroughttheeggcasefromhisbackG
yardandwasexcitedwhenMrs.Beecheragreed
tomakeittheirclassproject.Hethoughthaving
aninsectasaclasspetmightfinalygivehim
somethingtotalkaboutwiththeotherkids.But
aftertwomonthsofstaringatalifelessbrown
bal,Donaldbegantolosehope.
Duringscienceclassoneday,Mrs.Beecher
announcedtheywouldstartbywritingintheir
journals.AsDonaldopenedhisjournal,aleft
overparticlefrom hislunchroledacrossthe
page.Whenhewenttobrushitoff,herealizedit
wasntaparticleatal-itwasatinypraying
mantis,barelythesizeofagrainofrice! Donald
bouncedoutofhisseat,cryingoutthattheeggs
werehatching.
Suddenly,chaoseruptedintheclassroomas
more baby mantises started appearing everyG
where.Kids werejumpingoutoftheirseats,
screamingandwavingtheirarms.Mrs.Beecher
quicklytookcharge,askingwhythelidofthe
containerwasoff.Richie,whowassupposedto
checkonthecontainerthatday,hadforgottento
putthelidbackon.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答.
Donaldtookchargeofthesituation,direcG
tingRichietogetpaintbrushesandwhitepaper.
Afterthesuccessfulrescue,Mrs.Beecher
askedtheclasstowriteaboutthisspecialexperiG
ence.
[写作思路]
故
事
梗
概
本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了唐纳德在
班级里养了螳螂卵作为班级宠物,但是几
个月过 去 了,小 螳 螂 还 是 没 有 孵 化 出 来.
里奇查看螳螂卵后没有盖好盒子的盖子导
致孵出的小螳螂到处都是.在唐纳德的处
理下,小螳螂安全回到孵化盒子,比彻老师
让大家把这个事件记录下来,同时,同学们
也改变了对唐纳德的称谓和看法.
续
写
思
路
续
写
第
一
段
由第一段首句内容“唐纳德掌控了局
势,指挥里奇去拿画笔和白纸.”可知,
第一段 可 描 写 唐 纳 德 如 何 营 救 螳 螂
宝宝.
续
写
第
二
段
由第二段首句内容“救援成功后,比彻
老师请全班同学写下这段特殊经历.”
可知,第二段可描写营救成功后全班
同学对唐纳德看法的改变以及感悟.
续写
线索
养螳螂卵当作班级宠物———长时间没有孵
化———突然孵 化,震 惊 全 班———唐 纳 德 冷
静处理———小螳螂安全得救———感悟
[参考范文]
Donaldtookchargeofthesituation,direcG
tingRichietogetpaintbrushesandwhitepaper.
DonaldtookthebrushandcarefulydrovethebaG
bymantisesontothewhitepaper.Theywereso
smal thathecouldinjuretheirlegsorbody
parts.Thebaby mantises weresosmal that
someofthestudentsbroughtamagnifyingglass
tohelp.Withtheconcertedeffortsofeveryone,
the baby mantises finaly returned safely to
thebox.
Afterthesuccessfulrescue,Mrs.Beecher
askedtheclasstowriteaboutthisspecialexperiG
ence.RichienolongerlaughedatDonald,andno
longercaledhim “DonnietheDungBeetle”,and
deeplyadmiredDonaldscalmlyhandlingtheunG
expectedthings.Donaldsprofoundknowledge
leftadeepimpressiononeveryone.FromthisinG
cident,everyonerealizedtheimportanceofpaG
tience,calmness,carefulnessandbeingknowlG
edgeable.
223
高考总复习 英语(YL)