内容正文:
[必修第三册]
课时冲关9 Unit1 Natureinthebalance 学生课时P303
Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:新闻报道 话题:一种天然驱蚊剂
Mosquitoescancarryvariousdiseasesand
oneofthe mostpopularisdengue (登 革 热).
Dengueiscausedbyanyoneofthefourrelated
virusesspreadbymosquitoes,becauseofwhich
numerousFilipinosdied.Oneoftheeasiestways
topreventmosquitoesistouserepelents.Inthe
market,therearemanycommercialmosquitoreG
pelentsavailable.Thecommonlyusedrepelent
inthePhilippinesisquiteunaffordable.MeanG
while,itcontainschemicalsthatmaycauseirritaG
tion(刺激).Theseaccountforwhyresearchers
seektodevelopanalternativemosquitorepelent.
TheresearchersplantousenaturalcompoG
nents.Sincethecomponentisnatural,thenew
mosquitorepelenttobemadefromitiseffective
yetinexpensiveandposesnoriskstohealthor
environment.Oneofthemajorcomponentsbeing
exploredisfromlemongrass.
LemongrasshasnaturalantimicrobialfeaG
tures,suitableforuseonvarioustypesofskin
infections,usualyasawash,andisespecialy
effectiveonskindiseases.IthasmosquitorepelG
lingeffectsandisusedtomakeamosquitorepelG
lent.Inusingthisproduct,youwilsprayitover
alexposedskinareas.Contactwitheyesshould
beavoided.Ifirritationoccurs,washoffimmediG
atelyanddiscontinueusing.Theveryimportance
ofthisproductistopreventthespreadofmultiG
plediseasescausedbymosquitobites.Thenew
mosquitorepelentcontaininglemongrassextract
(提取物)alsohelpscontroltheoutbreakofother
insectbornediseasessuchasMalaria,LymeDisG
easeandWestNileFever.Afteral,lemongrass
isapopularplantfoundcommonlyinthecountry
anditsextractisusedfor medicinalandfood
products.
Thenewstudyissignificantbecausetheres
anincreasingnumberofdeathsconcerningmosG
quitoes.Whiletherearealternativesolutions,
Filipinoscannotdenytheirbrothersandsisters
livinginpovertycannotaffordtobuyrepelents.
Yet,currentlytheresearchersaimtotesthowefG
fectivetheirnaturalproductisinrepelingmosG
quitoeswithinhouseholds.Thisinitialstudywil
evaluatetheproductseffectivenessbeforefurG
thertrialsinbroaderapplications.
1.WhydotheresearcherswanttocreateanalterG
nativerepelent?
A.Theeffectoforiginalproductsisdoubted.
B.Therearetoomanymosquitoestogetridof.
C.Theprovidersfailto meetthemarketdeG
mands.
D.TheexistingproductsarecostlyandharmG
ful.
2.Whatmakeslemongrassextractanidealchoice
forthemosquitorepelent?
A.Itsuniqueproperty.
B.Itsdistributingstyle.
C.Itseasyextracting.
D.Itslowerriskoneyes.
3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthemosquitorepelG
lentfromthelastparagraph?
A.Itwilbelongbeforebeingevaluated.
B.Itisapopularmosquitoproofproduct.
C.Itscheapnessisitscrucialselingpoint.
D.Itsnaturalmakeupoftenappealtoitsusers.
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.ATherapyFightingbackMosquitoes
B.A CostEffectiveNaturalMosquitoRepelG
lent
C.Dengue:AcommonDiseasefromMosquitoes
D.Lemongrass:ACompoundExtractfromNature
[语篇解读] 这是一篇新闻报道.文章主要讲述
了菲律宾研究人员致力于开发一种天然驱蚊剂,
这种含有天然成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便
宜,对健康或环境没有风险.
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基础必备 必修第三册
1.D [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 一 段 的“ThecomG
monlyusedrepelentinthePhilippinesisquite
unafordable.Meanwhile,itcontainschemicals
thatmaycauseirritation (刺 激).TheseacG
countforwhyresearchersseektodevelopan
alternativemosquitorepelent.(在菲律宾,常用
的驱蚊剂是相当昂贵的.同时,它含有可能引
起刺激的化学物质.这些解释了为什么研究人
员寻求开发一种替代驱蚊剂.)”可知,研究人员
想要创造一种替代的驱蚊剂是因为现有产品价
格昂贵且有害.]
2.A [细节理解题.根据第三段的“Lemongrass
hasnaturalantimicrobialfeatures,suitablefor
useonvarioustypesofskininfections,usualy
asawash,andisespecialyeffectiveonskin
diseases.Ithasmosquitorepelingeffectsand
isusedtomakeamosquitorepelent.(柠檬草
具有天然的抗微生物特性,适用于各种类型的
皮肤感染,通常用作洗涤液,对 皮 肤 病 特 别 有
效.它具有驱蚊作用,被用来制作驱蚊剂.)”可
知,它的独特性质让柠檬草提取物成为驱蚊剂
的理想选择.]
3.C [推理判断题.根据最后一段的“Thenew
studyissignificantbecausetheresanincreasG
ingnumberofdeathsconcerningmosquitoes.
Whiletherearealternativesolutions,Filipinos
cannotdenytheirbrothersandsisterslivingin
povertycannotaffordtobuyrepelents.”可
知,正在研发中的驱蚊剂的价格会是便宜的,这
样使很多贫困人口能够买得起,因此这将成为
它的关键卖点.]
4.B [主 旨 大 意 题.通 读 全 文,根 据 第 一 段 的
“ThecommonlyusedrepelentinthePhilipG
pinesisquiteunaffordable.Meanwhile,itconG
tainschemicalsthatmaycauseirritation.(在菲
律宾,常用的驱蚊剂是相当昂贵的.同时,它含
有可能 引 起 刺 激 的 化 学 物 质.)”和 第 二 段 的
“Theresearchersplantouse...components
beingexploredisfromlemongrass.”可知,文章
主要说明了因为现有的产品既昂贵又有害,所
以研究人员想要创造一种替代驱蚊剂,而天然
成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便宜,对健康
或环境没有风险,因此B选项“性价比高的天然
驱蚊剂”适合作为文章标题.]
阅读理解B 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:记叙文 话题:生态学家和鸣角鸮的故事
Ittookanilscreechowl(鸣角鸮)toteacha
scientistthevalueofupcloseandpersonalstudy.
InhisHarvadtalk,CarlSafina,anecologist
andauthorofAlfieandMe:WhatOwlsKnow,
WhatHumansBelieve,recaledthatthechick
wasfounddyinginhisbackyard.Safinatookitin
andplannedtonurseitbacktohealthandthen
performrelease.Buttheowletsflightfeathers
didntgrowproperly.Safinadelayedtherelease.
Overthoseextendedmonths,Safinagottoknow
Alfieinwaysthatmovedandchangedhim.
“AnowlfoundmeandthenIwaswatching
‘anowl’,”hesaid.“ItwasnolongeranowlafG
terawhile,itwas‘she’becauseshehadahistoG
rywith me.Thislittleowl,whowaswith me
muchlongerthanIthoughtshewouldbe,beG
cameanindividualtomebythathistoryandal
thoseinteractions.”
Thebond with Alfiestrengthenedtothe
pointthat,whenshewasfinalyreleased,she
createdaterritorywithSafinashomeatitscenG
ter.SafinawasabletospendhourseachdayobG
servingherinthewoodsasshelearnedtotake
careofherselfinthewild,mettwomates,and
raisedchicksofherown.
Whenheheard Alfiecaling,Safinasaid,
hedcalbackandshedlandnearby.TheircloseG
nessalowed him tolearn morethingsabout
screechowls.Fieldguides,forexample,describe
twoknowncalsbutheidentifiedsix,someof
whichyouhavetobequiteclosetohear.ThereG
lationshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaonto
personalitydifferencesbetweenAlfieandhermaG
tes.
WhenpointedoutthathisapproachtoAlfie—inG
cludingtheactofnaming her—rancounterto
widespread scientific practice,Safina said he
wasntconcernedaboutviolating(违反)convenG
tion,particularlyifsomethinginterestinglikeinG
dividualpersonalitydifferencesamongowlscould
belearned.
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高考总复习 英语(YL)
TheexperiencecausedSafinatothinkmore
deeplyabouthumankindsrelationshipwithnaG
tureandthekindofpersonalconnectionhewas
abletofeelwithawildindividual.“WhatIlearnG
edfromAlfieisthatalsentient(有情感的)beG
ingsseekafeelingofwelbeingandfreedomof
movement,”Safinasaid.“Thatsaguidetowhats
rightandwhatswrongtome.”
5.WhatdoweknowaboutAlfie?
A.ShedevelopedaclosebondwithSafina.
B.She wasafictionalcharacterin Safinas
book.
C.SheintentionalylandedinSafinasbackG
yard.
D.Shewasdyingbecauseofthebrokenflight
feathers.
6.WhathappenedafterSafinareleasedAlfie?
A.AlfiechosetostaywithSafinaathishome.
B.They maintainedacontinouscommunicaG
tion.
C.AlfiemetmatesandraisedchicksbyherG
self.
D.Safinakepthisdistancefromhertoprevent
attachment.
7.WhatdidSafinaachieveinhisstudy?
A.Recordingsixdiferentcalsofthescreechowl.
B.Identifyingdifferenttypesofowlsbytheir
cals.
C.Learninghowtoreleaseowlsbackintothe
wild.
D.Understanding personality diferences among
owls.
8.HowdidSafinasexperiencewithAlfieimpacthim?
A.HebecamemorefocusedonexploringnaG
ture.
B.HeinitiatedhiscommitmenttowildlifeconG
servation.
C.Hedevelopedadeepappreciationforthe
welfareoflivingcreatures.
D.Hedecidedtoguidereaderstodistinguish
betweenrightandwrong.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.主要讲述了生
态学家 CarlSafina与一只名叫 Alfie的鸣角鸮的
故事,以及这段经历对他的影响.
5.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 文 章 第 二 段 “Over
thoseextended months,Safinagottoknow
Alfieinwaysthatmovedandchangedhim.(在
那些漫长的月份里,萨菲纳以一种感动并改变
他的方式了解了阿尔菲.)”根据第三段“This
littleowl,whowaswithmemuchlongerthan
Ithoughtshewouldbe,becameanindividual
tomebythathistoryandal thoseinteracG
tions.(这只小猫头鹰,它和我在一起的时间比
我想象的要长得多,通过那段历史和所有这些
互动,它成为了我的一部分.)”可知,Safina与
Alfie建立了紧密的联系.]
6.B [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“Whenhe
heardAlfiecaling,Safinasaid,hedcalback
andshedlandnearby.(当他听到阿尔菲的叫声
时,萨菲纳说,他会回应,她就会降落在附近.)”
可知,他们保持了持续的交流.]
7.D [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“TherelaG
tionshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaonto
personalitydifferencesbetween Alfieandher
mates.(这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口,
让他 看 到 阿 尔 菲 和 她 的 伴 侣 之 间 的 性 格 差
异.)”可 知,Safina理 解 了 猫 头 鹰 之 间 的 性 格
差异.]
8.C [推理判断题.根据文章最后一段“‘WhatI
learnedfrom Alfieisthatalsentient(有情感
的)beingsseekafeelingofwelbeingand
freedomofmovement,’Safinasaid.‘Thatsa
guideto whatsrightand whats wrongto
me.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是,所有有情感
的生物都寻求幸福感和自由的移 动,’萨 菲 纳
说.‘这对我来说是判断对错的指南.’)”可知,
Safina对生物的幸福产生了深深的欣赏.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:秋天树叶颜色的变化
WhyDoAutumnLeavesChangeColor?
Wealenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves. 1
Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderG
standwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.
Leavesarenaturesfoodfactories.Plants
takewaterfromtheearththroughtheirrootsand
takecarbondioxidefromtheair. 2 Plantsusethe
sugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturn
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基础必备 必修第三册
waterandcarbondioxideintosugariscaledphoG
tosynthesis(光 合 作 用).Chlorophyl(叶 绿 素)
helpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyl
givesplantstheirgreencolor.
Assummerendsandautumncomes,the
daysgetshorterandshorter. 3 DuringwinG
ter,thereisnotenoughlightorwaterforphotoG
synthesis.Treeswil restandshutdowntheir
foodmakingfactories.Thereisnochlorophylin
theleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway(逐渐
消失),webegintoseeyelowandorangecolors.
4 Wejustcantseetheminthesummer,beG
causetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchloroG
phyl.
Thebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleaves
aremademostlyinautumn.Insometrees,like
maples(枫树),sugariskeptintheleavesafter
photosynthesisstops. 5 Thebrowncolorof
treeslikeoaksismadefromthewasteswhichare
leftintheleaves.AlthesethingsmakethebeauG
tifulcolorsweenjoyinautumn.
A.Smalamountsofthesecolorshavebeeninthe
leavesalthetime.
B.Whydopeoplepreferautumnleavestosummer
leaves?
C.Plantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandcarbon
dioxideintoakindofsugar.
D.HaveyoueverwonderedhowandwhyanauG
tumnleafchangescolor?
E.Yelowandorangecolorsattractmanyofusin
autumn.
F.Thisishowtrees“know”whentobegingetG
tingreadyforwinter.
G.Sunlightandthecoolnightsofautumncause
theleavestoturnthesugarintoaredcolor.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.介绍了秋天树
叶颜色的变化以及变化的原因.
1.D [上文“Wealenjoythecolorsofautumn
leaves.”说明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色,设空处
应该围 绕 这 个 话 题 展 开,而 后 文 “Toanswer
thisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhat
leavesareandwhattheydo.(要回答这个问题,
我们首 先 要 了 解 树 叶 是 什 么,它 们 是 干 什 么
的.)”说明是回答某个问题,所以 D 项“你有没
有想过秋天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的?”呼
应上 文,并 且 是 问 句,呼 应 后 文,正 好 承 上
启下.]
2.C [上文“Plantstakewaterfromtheground
throughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxide
fromtheair.”可知植物从根部吸收水分,从空
气中吸收二氧化碳,后文“Plantsusethesugar
asfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwater
andcarbondioxideintosugariscaledphotoG
synthesis(光合作用).(植物利用糖作为食物以
获取能量.植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方
式叫做光合作用.)”.C项中的“waterandcarG
bondioxide”与上文一致,“akindofsugar”与下
文一致.]
3.F [上 文 “Assummerendsand autumn
comes,thedaysgetshorterandshorter.”可知
随着夏天的结束秋天的到来,白天变得越来越
短,此处承接这一话题,讲的还是关于季节方面
的内容,所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开始准
备过冬.”符合题意,并且与后文“DuringwinG
ter”相呼应.]
4.A [上文“Asthebrightgreenfadesaway,we
begintoseeyelowandorangecolors.”可知,
当明亮的绿色消失,我们开始看到黄色和橙色,
而后文“Wejustcantseetheminthesummer,
becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchloG
rophyl.(我们只是在夏天看不到它们,因为它
们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖.)”是在说明看不到
黄色和橙色的原因,因此 A 项“树叶中一直有少
量的这种颜色.”与之相呼应,承上启下.]
5.G [上文“Thebrightredsandpurpleswesee
inleavesaremademostlyinautumn.Insome
trees,likemaples(枫 树 ),sugariskeptin
theleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.”可知我
们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大部分是在秋天
形成的,一些树,如枫树,光合作用停止后,糖会
留在叶子里.后文“Thebrowncoloroftrees
likeoaksismadefromthewasteswhichare
leftintheleaves.(树的褐色如橡树是由树叶中
残留的废物形成的.)”则开始解释树叶这样变
化的原因,因此 G 项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的夜晚
使树叶把糖变成红色.”符合题意,也是说明树叶颜
色的变化以及原因.]
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高考总复习 英语(YL)
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:保护濒危物种
In1969,therewereonly100SouthAmericanfur
sealsandsealionsmakingtheirhomesalongthe
coastlineofthecapitalofLima,Peru.They1.
(hunt)almosttoextinctionhere,notonG
lybecauseofthevaluesoftheirskin,butalsobeG
causeofthethreattheyposed2. fishermen
asfishhunters.
Today,aroundthePalominoIslands,there
areover8,000ofthesemarineanimals3.
(make)theirhomes.MuchofthesuccessofreG
storingthefursealandsealionpopulationscame
fromlocalfishermeninthecoastalareasofPeru.
Theysteppeduptosupportthese4.
(danger)speciesaftertheInternationalUnionfor
the Conversation of Nature (IUCN)sounded
theiralarmbel.
Recently,theIUCUdetailedhowlocalfishG
eries have become efficient managers. “The
FishermensUniondefinesthearea5.
eachlocalfishingcolectiveis6. (ecoG
nomic)dependentandassignsresponsibilityfor
thesemarineresources,”explainedtheIUCN.In
thismanner,thefishermen7. (they)
haveslowedeconomicmigrationfromthePeruviG
anHighlandsto8. (profit)butilegal
marineactivities,thusensuringthattheprotecG
tedareadevelopswel.
Muchoftheir9. (motivate)formaG
rineprotectionhascomefrom10. (see)
theirlivelihood through new eyes-thatis,
theyverecognizedtheriseoftraditionalfisheries
andtourism.Andtheirpracticeisoneofthebest
practicesforareabasedconservation.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要说明了
秘鲁首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种,使
得海豹和海狮数量得以很大恢复.
1.werehunted [考查动词时态语态.句意:它们
在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝,不仅是因为它们的
毛皮值钱,也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁.描
述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时,且主语与
谓语动词构成被动关系,用一般过去时的被动
语态,主语为they,谓语动词用复数.]
2.to [考查介词.句意:它们在这里被猎杀到几
乎灭绝,不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱,也因为它
们对捕鱼者构成威胁.结合句意表示“对
构成威胁”可知短语为posethreatto.]
3.making [考查非谓语动词.句意:今天,在帕
洛米诺群岛周围,有超过八千的海洋动物在这
里安家.分析句子结构可知 make在句中应用
非谓语 动 词 形 式,与 逻 辑 主 语 over8,000of
thesemarineanimals构成主动关系,故应用现
在分词作状语.]
4.endangered [考查形容词.句意:在国际自然
对话联盟敲响警钟后,他们开始支持这些濒危
物种.修饰后文名词species应用形容词作定
语,endangered“濒临灭绝的”,符合语境.]
5.where [考查定语从句.句意:IUCN 解释说,
渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的
区域,并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任.此处
为定语从句修饰先行词area,先行词在从句中
作地点状语,故应用关系副词 where引导.]
6.economicaly [考查副词.句意:IUCN 解 释
说,渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依
赖的区域,并分配了对这些海洋资源 的 责 任.
修饰后文形容词dependent应用副词economiG
caly,作状语.]
7.themselves [考查代词.句意:通过这种方式,
渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非
法的海洋活动的经济迁移,从而确保了保护区
的良好发展.此处指渔民们自己,应用反身代
词themselves作同位语.]
8.profitable [考查形容 词.句 意:通 过 这 种 方
式,渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图
但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移,从而确保了保
护区的良好发展.根据后文“butilegal”可知应
填形容词profitable,作定语修饰名词短语 maG
rineactivities.]
9.motivation [考查名词.句意:他们保护海洋
的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们
的生计———也就是说,他们认识到了传统渔业
和旅游业的兴起.空处作宾语,表示“动机”应
用名词 motivation,表抽象概念,不可数.]
10.seeing [考查非谓语动词.句意:他们保护海
洋的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待
他们的生计———也就是说,他们认识到了传统
渔业和旅游业的兴起.see作介词from 的宾
语,应用动名词形式.]
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基础必备 必修第三册