内容正文:
课时冲关3 Unit3 Gettingalongwithothers 学生课时P286
Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:聊天机器人
OnedayItypedintoChatGPTalaboutmy
upsetfeelingsanditinstantlyresponded,offering
alistofpracticaladvice.Nowadaysmilionsof
peoplearealreadyturningtoChatGPTandspeG
cialisttherapy(治疗)chatbotsforconvenientand
inexpensivementalhealthsupport.
Someexpertssaythisisaboon.Afteral,
AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnout,
mightbeabletoexpressempathy(同理心)more
openlyandtirelesslythanhumans.Butothers
worryabouttheconsequencesofpeopleseeking
emotionalsupportfrom machinesthatcanonly
pretendtocare.Someevenwonderiftheriseof
socaledempatheticAImightchangethewaywe
interactwithoneanother.Indeed,empathyis
oneofourspeciesdefiningqualities,developing
asitdidinpacewithsocialinteraction.
Onerecentanalysisaboutempathylookedat
52studiespublished between1980and2019,
whichshowsthattheempathisermustfirstbe
abletorecognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.
Theymustalsobeaffectedbythoseemotionsand
differentiatebetweenthemselvesandtheother
person,graspingthattheotherpersonsfeelings
arenttheirownwhilestilbeingabletoimagine
theirexperience.
Onthefirstpoint,inrecentyears,AIpowG
eredchatbotshavemadeprogressintheirability
toreadhumanemotions,mostpoweredbylarge
languagemodels(LLMs)thatworkbypredicting
whichwordsaremostlikelytoappeartogether
basedontrainingdata.Inthisway,LLMslike
ChatGPTcanseeminglyidentifyourfeelingsand
respondappropriately mostofthetime.But
whenitcomestotheothercriteria,AIstil misG
sesthemarkinmanyways.EmpathyisinterperG
sonal,withcontinuedfeedbackhelpingtoperfect
theempathisersresponse,whichalsorequires
somedegreeofintuitive(直觉的)awarenessof
anindividualandtheirsituation.
Alofthishelpstoexplainconversationslike
theonesIhadwithChatGPT.Attheendofthe
day,despitetalkingtomultiplechatbotsonline,
IdidwhatIknewIhadtodoalalong:Ipicked
upmyphoneandcaledafriend.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boon”inParG
agraph2mean?
A.Trap. B.Prize.
C.Blessing. D.Chalenge.
2.WhatdoestherecentanalysisshowaboutemG
pathy?
A.Itcalsforclearcommunication.
B.Itstartswithemotionidentification.
C.Itrulesoutindividualdifference.
D.Itdependsonrichimagination.
3.WhatcanAIdoaccordingtoParagraph4?
A.Providedatadrivenfeedback.
B.Recognizeonesrealdesire.
C.Updatelargelanguagemodels.
D.Predictonesbehaviorbyintuition.
4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChatGPT?
A.Itsdevelopmentshouldbespedup.
B.Itsinteligenceiswinningmorefavor.
C.Itsapplicationshouldbestrictlymanaged.
D.Itsartificialkindnessisnomatchforhumans.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
AI聊天机器人在提供心理支持方面的利弊,以及
与人类真正同理心的差距.
1.C [词 义 猜 测 题.根 据 第 二 段 的“Afteral,
AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnG
out,mightbeabletoexpressempathy (同理
心)moreopenlyandtirelesslythanhumans.”
可知,这里提到人工智能因为不受尴尬和疲惫
的影响,可能在表达同理心上比人类更开放、不
知疲倦,因此对于某些专家来说,这是人工智能
在心理健康支持方面的优势,是一种好事.所
以boon在这里意为“好事,益处”.]
2.B [细节理解题.根据第三段的“Onerecent
analysisaboutempathylookedat52studies
published between 1980 and 2019, which
showsthattheempathisermustfirstbeableto
recognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.”可
知,关于同理心的最近分析表明,同理心的首要
条件是能够识别另一个人的感受.]
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高考总复习 英语(YL)
3.A [细节理解题.根据第四段的“Onthefirst
point,inrecentyears,AIpoweredchatbots
have...seeminglyidentifyourfeelingsandreG
spondappropriatelymostofthetime.”可知,人
工智能如 ChatGPT 能够识别我们的情感并做
出适当的反应,这是基于大量语言模型对数据
的预测能力,即能够提供数据驱动的反馈.]
4.D [推理判断题.根据第四段的“Butwhenit
comestotheothercriteria,AIstil misses...
somedegreeofintuitive(直觉的)awarenessof
anindividualandtheirsituation.”以及最后一
段的“Attheendoftheday,despitetalkingto
multiplechatbotsonline,IdidwhatIknewI
hadtodoalalong:Ipickedupmyphoneand
caledafriend.”可知,作者在与多个聊天机器
人交谈后,最终还是选择给朋友打电话寻求情
感支持.这表明,虽然 ChatGPT 能提供一定的
帮助,但在作者看来,它的人工善意仍然不能与
真实的人类情感交流相比.由此可推知,作者
认为它的人工善意无法与人类的相比.]
阅读理解B 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:蛇的超强社交智慧与能力
Mostofuslikelyconsidersnakestobecoldto
othersoftheirkind,justastheyarecoldtoushuman
beings.
Butthosebeliefsarewrong—especialywhenit
comestogartersnakes(袜带蛇),anewstudysays.
Thesenonpoisonouscreatures,whichrangefrom
thechilyplainsofCanadatotheforestsofCosta
Rica, have special preferences about which
snakestheyhangoutwith—inotherwords,they
have“friends.”
“Alanimals—evensnake—needtointeract
withothers,”saysstudyleaderMorganSkinner,
adoctoralcandidateinbehavioralecologyatWilG
fridLaurierUniversityinCanada.Toinvestigate
thistheory,SkinnercarriedoutanovelexperiG
menttoassessthepersonalitiesandsociabilityof
easterngartersnakes.Theresultsshowedthat
“like us,they seek outsocialcontacts,and
theyre particular about whom they socialize
with,”saysSkinner.
Theideathatsnakeshaveclosefriendsmay
besurprising,butsuchrelationshipsareincreasG
inglybeingfoundthroughouttheanimalkingG
dom,frombatstoelephants.Arecentanalysisof
batsshowed,forexample,thatbatsandhumans
bothhaveconditionalfriendships.
Scientistsarelikely betterat discovering
friendshipsamonganimalsnow than,say,30
yearsago,partlybecausemanysocietiesaremore
acceptingofsuchaconcept,and becausereG
searchershavefarbettertoolsforgatheringand
analyzingthedata.
However,thescientistshavenoideawhats
motivatingfriendshipsingartersnakes,though
theydoknowitsnotrelatedtoreproductionor
mating(交配):Thestudysnakesdidnotprefer
theoppositesexasfriends.ButsuchpartnerG
shipsmustbeofferingsomebenefit-otherwise
theanimalswouldnotwastetheenergyforming
suchbonds.Forexample,snakefriendsusualy
curluptogether,whichhelpsthemkeepheatand
defendagainstnaturalenemies.
Whateverthereason,saysGordonBurghardt,an
evolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofTenG
nessee,thestudy “shouldhelpconvincepeople
thatsnakesarental mysteriousloners,buthave
moresocialinteligenceandalargersocialability
thanmostofusrealize.”
5.Whatcanweknowfromthenewstudy?
A.SnakesmakefriendsfortheirnextgeneraG
tion.
B.SnakesarekindertoeachotherthantomanG
kind.
C.Snakeshavespecialpreferencesfortheir
partners.
D.Snakesalsoneedsocialcontactsandclose
friends.
6.WhycanfriendshipsamonganimalsbereG
searchedbetterthanbefore?
A.BecauseoftheuniqueexperimentbySkinner.
B.Becauseofmoresocialsupportandbetter
equipment.
C.MoreresearchersaregatheringandanalyG
zingthedata.
D.MorepeoplearechangingtheirattitudetoG
wardanimals.
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基础必备 必修第一册
7.Inwhichwayissnakesfriendshipspecial?
A.Snakesfriendshipdoesnotlastlong.
B.Snakesprefertheoppositesexasfriends.
C.SnakesmakefriendsforthebenefitofthemG
selves.
D.Snakesarenotparticularaboutwhomtomake
friendswith.
8.Whatsthemainideaofthetext?
A.Snakesmayalsohavefriends.
B.Snakesaregoodatmakingfriends.
C.Snakescanlivewithuspeacefuly.
D.Snakeswilneverfeellonely.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.新研究表明发
现,蛇并不像我们通常所认为的冷漠,它们也有朋
友,比我们想象中拥有更多的社交智慧和更强大
的社交能力.
5.D [推理判断题.根据第三段“‘Alanimals—
evensnake—needtointeractwithothers,’says
studyleaderMorganSkinner(研究负责人摩根
斯金纳说,‘所有的动物———甚至蛇———都需要
与其他人互动’)”和“Theresultsshowedthat
‘likeus,theyseekoutsocialcontacts,and
theyreparticularabout whom theysocialize
with,’saysSkinner.(结果表明,像我们一样,
它们(蛇)寻求社会联系,而且它们对与谁交往
很挑剔.)”可知,这项新的研究表明,这些蛇类
也像我们人类一样需要社会交流,需要选择它
们 的 社 交 伙 伴,也 就 是 说 它 们 也 有 朋 友 和
友谊.]
6.B [细节理解题.根据第五段“...partlybeG
causemanysocietiesaremoreacceptingofsuch
aconcept,andbecauseresearchershavefar
bettertoolsforgatheringandanalyzingthedaG
ta(与30年前相比,现在的科学家可能更善于发
现动物之间的友谊,部分原因是许多社会更能
接受这样的概念,也因为研究人员有更好的工
具来收集和分析数据)”可知,由于有了更多的
社会支持和更好的设备,动物之间的友谊能得
到更好的研究.]
7.C [推理判断题.根据倒数第二段“...such
partnershipsmustbeofferingsomebenefit—
otherwisetheanimalswouldnotwastetheenG
ergyformingsuchbonds.(这样的伙伴关系必
须能带来一些好处,否则它们就不会浪费精力来
建立这样的关系.)”可知,蛇的友谊特殊之处在于
蛇交朋友是为给自己带来好处.]
8.A [主旨大意题.本文主要是介绍一项新的研
究发现,大多数人以往对蛇类动物那种冷漠的
传统观 念 是 错 误 的,它 们 也 像 人 类 一 样 拥 有
朋友.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:应用文 话题:成为更好的人
Thebestthingyoucandoforyourselfistotry
tobeabetterperson—andtoconsciouslyimprove
yourselfandyourlife.Choosingto “bebetter”
wilnotonlymakeyoufeelbetter,butwilalso
bringbetterpeople,opportunities,andpossibiliG
tiesintoyourlife.Herearesomewaystobecome
abetterperson.
1 Admitthegood,thebad,andtheugG
lyandembraceit.InordertoimproveasaperG
son,youfirsthavetoberealyawareofwhoyou
areandwhoyouarenot.
WearenotsayingthatyoushouldgivesuG
perficialcompliments(赞美),wearesayingthat
youshouldrealycomplimentsomeoneforsomething
theydoorwhotheyare. 2 Andthislittlegift
wil makeadifferenceintheirlives.
Surpriseyourfriends,yourpartner,oryour
children.Nomatterhowoldweare,weallove
surprises—goodones,ofcourse.Anditdoesnt
havetobeabiggesture,sometimesasimple
message,card,orletterisenough.Becreative!
Creatingsomethingthatotherpeoplecan
benefitfromispriceless.WhethercraftorbusiG
ness,whetherblogorbook,whetherspecialfood
oranentirerestaurant. 3
4 Giveupbadhabitsandreplacethem
withgoodones.Ifyoucantgiveupyourbad
habitsrightaway,startsmaluntilyoucanrealy
getridofthem.
Isthereapersonthathurtyouinthepast,
andyoustilaremadatthepersonordonttalk
tohimorher? 5 Canwedevelopcompassion
inanyformbydealingwithit?
282
高考总复习 英语(YL)
A.Lotsofpeoplewanttofeelvalued.
B.Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.
C.Smoking,gossiping,orjudging-pleasedont!
D.Can weleavebehindthepainor misunderG
standing?
E.Tobecomeabetterperson,onemustalways
betruetooneself.
F.Canyougiveahandtopeoplethatyouarenot
sofamiliarwith?
G.Keepthinkingabouthowyoucanaddvalueto
yourcommunity.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇应用文.文章指出成为更
好的人好处良多,并给出了一些具体方法.
1.E [文章第一段以“HerearesomewaystobeG
comeabetterperson.(这里是一些成为更好的
人的方法.)”可知,接下来的段落都是如何成为
更好的人的不同方法.本段缺少主题句,空白
后的两句话“Admitthegood,thebad,andthe
uglyandembraceit.Inordertoimproveasa
person,youfirsthavetoberealyawareof
whoyouareandwhoyouarenot.(承认好的、
坏的以及丑陋的一面并坦然接受.它们为了成
为更好的人,你首先必须真正意识到自己是怎
样的人、不是怎样的人.)”可知,本段的主题是
承认自己、接纳自己,E 选项“要成为一个更好
的人,就必须总是忠实于自己.”符合这一主题,
适合作为主题句.]
2.A [由空白前句“Wearenotsayingthatyou
shouldgivesuperficialcompliments (赞 美),
wearesayingthatyoushouldrealycompliG
mentsomeoneforsomethingtheydoorwho
theyare.(我们并不是说你应该给出肤浅的赞
美,我们是说你应该为某些人做的事或他们的
为人而真心赞美他们.)”推知本段主题是真心
赞美他 人.A 选 项 “许 多 人 都 想 感 受 到 被 尊
重.”承接前文,且与下一句中的thislittlegift
对应.]
3.G [本段主题为“创造一些其他人能从中受益
的东西是无价的”,空白前句列举了“Whether
craftor business, whether blog or book,
whetherspecialfoodoranentirerestaurant.
(无论是一门手艺或生意,博客或书籍,还是特
色食品或一家饭店.)”,G 选项“保持思考你怎
样能给社区增加价值.”中的addvaluetoyour
community正对应了列举的这些例子的作用,
切合段落主题.]
4.C [由空白后句“GiveupbadhabitsandreG
placethemwithgoodones.(放弃坏习惯并用好
习惯取代之.)”可知本段讲的方法是戒除坏习
惯,C 选项“抽烟、说三道四或是指指点点———
请别 这 样 做!”符 合 本 段 主 题,适 合 作 为 主
题句.]
5.D [空白前后句分别是两个问句,分别询问“是
否有人曾伤害过你、你还对他怀恨在心”以及
“通过处理这些我们能否发展出任何形式的同
情心”,D 选项“我们能不能抛下伤痛和误解?”
符合句式特点,三个问句在逻辑层次上也是递
进的,共同表达“放下芥蒂、原谅过去”的段落
主题.]
Ⅲ.应用文写作(征文) ◀
毕业之际,学校英文报开展“照片里的高中故
事”征文活动.请你选一张记录自己校园生活精
彩瞬间的照片,并为该照片写一段英文解读,内容
包括:
1.照片介绍;
2.个人感悟.
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;开头已给出,不计
入总词数;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答.
Thisphotoisabout
[参考范文]
ThisphotoisaboutthemostmemorablemoG
mentinmyhighschoollife,whenwecelebrated
ourfriendsbirthdayintheschoollibrary.Itwas
taken during a break between classes. We
sneakedintothelibrarytoenjoysomecake.LooG
kingatthisphoto,Iamremindedofthewarmth
weshared.Highschoollifewasnotjustabout
studies;itwasalsoaboutthesesmalmomentsof
joythatwecreatedtogether.Thispicturecaptures
thehappytimethatwespentinhighschool.
382
基础必备 必修第一册