内容正文:
高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译
1.(2023全国甲卷)Ourhopeisto
haveaclean,attractantGfreeplace
where bears can pass through
withoutlearningbadhabits.
本句是一个复合句.tohaveaclean,atG
tractantGfreeplace充当is的表语;where
bearscanpassthroughwithoutlearning
badhabits是 where引导的定语从句.
我们希望有一个干净、
没有引诱剂的地方,让
熊可以在不学习坏习惯
的情况下通过.
2.(2023全国甲卷)InstantgratifiG
cation (满足)mayseemlikethe
most “feelgood”option atthe
time,butpsychologyresearchsugG
gests waitingforthingsactualy
makesushappierinthelongrun.
本句是一个并列句.but连接两个并列分
句;在第二个分句中waitingforthingsacG
tualymakesushappierinthelongrun是
宾语从句;其中 waitingforthings充当
主语.
即时满足在当时似乎是
最“感觉良好”的选择,
但心理学研究表明,从
长远来看,等待事情实
际上会让我们更快乐.
学生用书 P262
[Part1 巧记课标单词]
写
作
单
词
|
悉
其
识
1.salaryn. 薪金,薪水
2.labourn. 劳动,体力劳动
3.attainvt. 达到;获得
4.passionn. 强烈情感;酷爱
5.prejudicen. 偏见,成见
6.consultantn. 顾问,会诊医师
7.respectiveadj. 分别的,各自的
8.hirev. 聘用,雇佣
n. 新雇员
9.commercialadj. 商业的
10.weeklyadj. 每周的
adv. 按周地
n. 周报
11.monthlyadj. 每月的
adv. 每个月
n. 月刊
12.budgetn. 预算
13.detectiven. 侦探,警探
14.premieradj. 最著名的,最成功的
n. 首相,总理
15.swingv. 改变;摆动
16.candidaten. 候选人;应试者
17.prioradj. 在前的,优先的
18.criterionn. 标准,准则
19.shaven. 刮脸,剃须
v. 剃发,刮脸
20.delayn. 延期,耽搁
v. 延迟,延期
21.durationn. 持续时间,期间
22.rudeadj. 粗鲁的,无礼的
23.justifyvt. 对作出解释
24.infervt. 推断,推论
25.firmadj. 强有力的,坚决的
26.genuineadj. 真诚的
27.seizevt. 抓住,把握
28.corporateadj. 公司的;全体的
29.madamn. 女士,夫人
30.temporaryadj. 临时的,短暂的
252
拓
展
单
词
|
通
其
用
1.participantn.参与者,参加者→participatev.参与,参加;分担→participationn.参与,分享
2.lawyern.律师→lawn.法律
3.servantn.雇员,仆人→servicen.服务
4.respectiveadj.分别的,各自的→respectivelyadv.分别地,各自地
5.receptionistn.接待员→receptionn.接待;欢迎;招待会;接待处
6.operatorn.(电脑)操作员;接线员→operatev.操作;动手术→operationn.操作;手术
7.commercialadj.商业的→commercen.商贸,商业
8.subjectiveadj.主观的→objectiveadj.客观的
9.qualificationn.资格;资历→qualifiedadj.有资格的;能胜任的→qualifyvt.(使)合格;(使)具有资格
10.applicantn.申请人→applyvi.申请;应用→applicationn.申请书;申请
阅
读
单
词
|
明
其
义
1.zonen. 地区;区域
2.leadershipn. 领导地位
3.loann. 贷款,借款
vt. 借出,借给
4.clientn. 客户,顾客
5.plugvt. 补足,供给
n. 插头,插座
6.groundworkn. 基础工作,准备工作
7.instituten. 机构,机构建筑
vt. 建立,制定
8.fibren. 纤维制品;纤维素
9.labeln. 标签
vt. 贴标签
10.moden. 方式,风格,样式
1.职位与职称 2.工作
①positionn.位置;职位
②assistantn.助手;助理
③engineern.工程师;技师
④secretaryn.秘书;部长
⑤accountantn.会计;会计师
⑥consultantn.顾问
①interviewn.&vt.采访;面试 ②applicantn.申请人
③candidaten.候选人;申请人 ④appointmentn.预约;任命
⑤employ/hirevt.雇用 ⑥recommendvt.推荐
⑦profession/occupationn.职业 ⑧employeen.雇员
⑨employern.雇主 ⑩get/bepromoted获得晋升
intervieween.参加面试者;接受采访者
interviewern.面试官;采访人
appointvt.任命;委任;安排;确定(时间、地点)
[Part2 妙记核心短语]
1.earnaliving 谋生
2.befondof 喜爱
3.comfortzone 舒适区,放松区
4.weighup 权衡,斟酌
5.put...ontheline 让处于危险之中
6.swingintoaction立即行动起来,马上大干起来
7.gaintheupperhand 处于有利地位
8.priorto 在之前
9.fortheduration 直到结束
10.putonesbestfootforward 全力以赴
1.“be+adj.+of”短语归纳 2.“v.+up”短语集合
①befondof喜欢;喜爱
②betiredof对厌倦
③beafraidof害怕
④beawareof意识到;知道
⑤beproudof为自豪
①comeup走近;上来;被提出,被提及
②weighup权衡,斟酌
③useup用完
④bringup抚养
⑤holdup举起;阻挡
⑥stayup熬夜
352
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
[Part3 速记经典句式]
典型句式 教材原句
1.过去分词(短语)作状语
YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying(对飞行
的热爱),becomeapilotandthenChinasfirstastronautinspace.
2.which引导的非限制性定语从句
IamalsothinkingabouttryingmyhandatCAD,whichisbecoming
moreandmorepopularinthefashionindustry(这在时尚界正变得
越来越流行).
3.while引导的状语从句的省略
Whilespeaking(说话时)makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstare
fixedlyattheinterviewer.
4.sothat引导的状语从句
Getagoodnightsrestsothatyoufeelandlookrefreshed(这样你
会感到精神焕发).
5.how 引导的感叹句 Iunderstandhowstressfulthatcanbe(那是多么有压力).
学生用书 P264
[核心单词]
1.superioradj.好的,占优势的n.级别更高的人
▶[教材对接]
Inasuccessful,stableandproductivesociety,al
jobsareequalyimportantandnooneissuperiorto
another,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstany
ofthem.
在一个成功、稳定且富有成效的社会里,所有的工作
都同等重要,没有哪一份工作优于别的工作,因此我
们对任何工作都不应该抱有偏见.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewasfar
superiortoanyothercandidate.
②HehadawelGdevelopedsenseofhisownsuperiG
ority(superior).
③Healwaysdoes whathissuperiors (superior)
telhim.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
superiorin在方面占优势的
superiorto优于,胜过,比好
besb.ssuperiorin在方面比某人强
[名师点津] “比强”要用superiorto,而不能用
superiorthan
类似 的 短 语 有:beseniorto,bejuniorto,inferior
to等.
[链接写作]———完成句子
④NooneishersuperiorintypewritinginthisofG
fice.
在这个办公室里没人比她打字更出色.
2.operatevt.操作,使运行vi.运转;动手术
▶[教材对接]
...suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramG
ming.
例如机器操作和软件编程.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Theboyfeloffatruckandthedoctorbeganto
operateontheboy.
②Thesefeaturesoperateagainstthepublicinterest.
③(2021全国乙卷)Wehadawomanpatientwho
wasrecoveringfromakneereplacementoperation
(operate).
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)operate...on对动手术
operatefor做的手术
operateagainst违背,对不利
(2)operationn.操作,运行,手术
inoperation生效,运转着
[链接写作]———完成句子
④ItstoodifficultforhimtooperatethisnewadG
vancedmachine.
对他来说,操作这台先进的机器太难了.
452
高考总复习 英语(YL)
3.hiren.&vt.租用;雇用
▶ [教材对接]
However,inthefuture,employerswillooktohire
peoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.
然而,在未来,雇主乐意雇佣那些准备好并且能学习
的人们.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①(2023全国甲卷)Ithires(hire)stafffromIndia.
②Therearemanybicyclesonhireinthisarea.
③Therearethreesmalboatsavailableforhire.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)onhire出租
forhire可供出租
(2)hiresth.out(tosb.)把租出去(给某人)
[链接写作]———完成句子
④Ontheonehand,theycomplainthatthecompetiG
tioninjobhuntingissofierce;ontheotherhand,a
lotoffactoriescanthireenoughworkers.
一方面,他们抱怨找工作竞争如此激烈;另一方面,许
多工厂无法雇用足够的工人.
4.qualificationn.资格;资历
▶[教材对接]
After muchthought,Idecidedto developthese
skilsandgettherightqualificationbystudyingart
atuniversity.
经过深思熟虑,我决定通过在大学学习艺术来培养这
些技能并取得适当的资质.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①ExperienceismoreimportantforthisjobthanpaG
perqualification.
②(2023全国卷)IthinkImwelqualified(qualify)
fortheaccountantpositionhere.
③HistrainingqualifieshimasateacherofEnglish.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)qualifyv.使具有资格
qualify...assth.取得资格
qualifysb.forsth.使某人具备的资格
(2)qualifiedadj.有资格的
bequalifiedfor+名词,表示具备的学历或资历
的意思
bequalifiedtodosth.有资格做某事
[链接写作]———单句写作
④Shesextremelywelqualifiedforthejob.
她非常适合做这项工作.
5.delayn.&v.延期,耽搁;推迟
▶[教材对接]
Checktheaddressoftheinterview,decide what
modeoftransporttouseandalowextratimefor
trafficdelays.
检查面试的地址,确定使用何种交通方式,并为交通
延误留出额外时间.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Therewasadelay(oftwohours)beforetheplane
tookoff.
②Ithinkweshoulddelaydeciding(decide)aboutthe
matteruntilnextyear.
③(2023北京卷)Peopleshesitancytodelay (deG
lay)satisfactionisthemostobviousexample,but
thereareothers.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)delaydoingsth.推迟做某事
(2)withoutdelay立即;毫不延迟地
(3)delayfor耽误时间
[链接写作]———完成句子
④WemustdelayourjourneyuntiltheweatherimG
proves.
我们必须把旅行推迟,等天气好转再说.
6.seizevt.抓住;控制;夺取
▶[教材对接]
Towardstheendoftheinterview,dontforgetto
seizethemomentandaskquestions.
面试快结束的时候,别忘了抓住机会问问题.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①HisfriendwasintimetoseizehimbythearmbeG
forehefelover.
②ThecriticsseizedonmymistakeandsaidIwasigG
norant.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)seizesb.bythearm 抓住某人的胳膊
seizethechance/opportunity抓住机会
seize...bysurprise突袭
(2)seizeon/upon采用;抓住;利用(借口等)
[链接写作]———完成句子
③Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwilregretit.
抓住机会,否则你会后悔的.
[间考单词]
1.prioradj.先前的;优先的
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空 /补全句子
①Altheagreementsshouldbecompletedpriorto
yourdeparture.
②Justphoneinyourordertwoormoredayspriorto
departure.
只要在出发前两天或两天以上打电话订购就行.
③Theagreementshouldbeinplacepriortostarting
thework.
协议需要在工作开始前就到位.
552
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
2.refreshedadj.恢复精力的,精神振作的
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空 /补全句子
①PlanyouractivitiessothatyouarerestedandreG
freshed (refresh)when something importantis
comingup.
②(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)TheentireexperiencewasinG
crediblyrefreshing(refresh).
③Pleaserecommend mesomerefreshments (reG
fresh)Chinesepeopleliketohave.
④Therightvacationattherighttimecanrefresh
yourbodyandmind.
在合适的时间度过适宜的假期可以让你的身心焕然
一新.
1.earnaliving谋生
▶[教材对接]
However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonly
reasonwhywework...
然而,谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Hewasabletoturntowritingtoearnaliving.
②Playersshouldbealowedtoearn (earn)money
fromadvertising.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)makealiving谋生
(2)earnby用博得
(3)earnbyhardlabour靠辛勤劳动挣来的
(4)earnbysweatandtoil靠血汗而挣得的
(5)earnforsb.为某人博得
(6)earnwith用挣得
[链接写作]———完成句子
③YoureducationwilequipyoutoearnagoodlivG
ing.
你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活.
2.putonesbestfootforward全力以赴
▶[教材对接]
IfyoufolowthesestepsandputyourbestfootforG
wardinyourinterview,youwilbeonestepcloser
toreachingtheendoftherainbow andobtaining
yourdreamjob.
如果你遵循这些步骤,并在面试中表现出最好的一
面,你就会离到达彩虹的终点和获得理想的工作又近
了一步.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Shewasrushingaroundmadlytryingtoputout
thefire.
②HereIdliketoputforwardthreesuggestionsto
solvetheproblemsoftrafficcongestion.
③(2023全国甲卷)Ivemovedhousemanytimes
andIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputup
pictures.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
(1)puton穿上;表演(节目)
(2)putout熄灭;扑灭
(3)putup建造;张贴;供给住宿
(4)putin提出,提交;放入
(5)putaside节省;储蓄;把放在一边
[链接写作]———完成句子
④ Whenyougotothatjobinterviewtomorrow,
youdbetterputyourbestfootforward because
therearetwentyotherpeopleafterthesamejob.
当你明天去面试工作时你最好全力以赴,因为有二十
多个人都在争夺这个工作.
1.过去分词(短语)作状语
▶[教材对接]
YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionfor
flying,becameapilotandthenChinasfirstastroG
nautinspace.
例如,杨利伟,因为他对飞行的热爱,成了一名飞行
员,然后成为了中国第一位太空宇航员.
[语境练悟]———单句语法填空
①Considered(consider)fromthispointofview,the
questionwilbeofgreatimportance.
②Buried (bury)deepdownintheearth,thedead
forestsrottedawayandbecamecoal.
③Faced(face)withadifficultsituation,ArnolddeG
cidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.
④Taken(take)goodcareof,theoldmanislivinga
happylife.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或
条件,表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情
况.过去分词结构可置于主句前,也可置于主句后,
用逗号与主句隔开.过去分词作状语时,过去分词所
表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系.
[链接写作]———完成句子
⑤Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereapG
pearedoncitystreets.
以富有想象力的方式调整,许多公共电话亭重新出
现在城市街道.
652
高考总复习 英语(YL)
2.非限制性定语从句
▶[教材对接]
IamalsothinkingabouttryingmyhandatCAD,
whichisbecoming moreand morepopularinthe
fashionindustry.
我还想尝试一下计算机辅助设计,这在时尚界变得越
来越流行.
[语境练悟]———补全句子
①(2023全国甲卷)SheevenplayedsomerecordG
ingsoftheirsinging,whichwasfun.
她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音,这很有趣.
②(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Fatherhelpedthemadjust
thefire,whichwasthekeytosuccess.
父亲帮助他们调整好火焰,这是成功的关键.
③Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.
他又一次没通过考试,这是没有预料到的.
④Asourteacherpointsout,thatbookisofuseto
everyone.
正如老师指出的那样,那本书对每一个人都很有用.
[考点归纳]———知识生成
which和as都可以引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整
个句子.但是,注意二者区别:
(1)which指前面提到的事实或情况,一般放在主句
之后;as可以指前面或后面提到过的事实或情况,因
此as可以放在句首、句末,也可以插入主句中.
(2)as含有“正如,按照,正像”之意,一般用在肯定句
中;而which含义是具体语境,多用于含肯定,否定意
义的句子中.
[链接写作]———句式升级
⑤(2021全国Ⅰ卷)ThelongesttrackandfieldeG
ventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50Gkilometer
racewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthe
marathon.
→ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummer
Olympicsisthe50Gkilometerracewalk,aboutfive
mileslongerthanthemarathon.(独立主格)
学生用书 P268
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Hetookeverychancetopassonhissuperior(占
优势的,高级的)knowledgetohisaudience.
2.Theyaccusedhimofhavingaprejudice (偏见)
againstwomenemployees.
3.Hisbrotherisnowaconsultant(顾问)surgeonin
Sweden.
4.TheLewisfamilyoperated (经营)anumberof
boatsonthecanalinthepast.
5.Strongleadership(领导才能)isneededtocaptain
theteam.
6.Afamilyonatightbudget(预算)cantafford
meateveryday.
7.PreviousteachingexperienceisanecessaryqualifiG
cation(资格资历)forthisjob.
8.Iactualyinterviewedaverypromisingapplicant
(申请人)justtoday.
9.Onceyouarepractisedinthissortofrelaxation
youwilfeelrefreshed(精神振作的)afterwards.
10.Whyshouldwejustify(为辩护)thiskindof
unhealthydevelopmentmodel?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Thedoctorsheresaytheywilnotoperateonyour
sonuntiltheyreceivethemoney.
2.AnotherreasonwhysomehavedeterminedtodeG
layfinding(find)workistoavoidthefiercecomG
petitioninthejobmarket.
3.Hesbeeninformedthathedoesntqualifyforthe
scholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.
4.NapoleonrosethroughtheranksoftheFrencharG
myduringtheFrenchRevolution,seized (seize)
controloftheFrenchgovernmentin1799andbeG
cameemperorin1804.
5.Whatyousaidisntrelevanttothesubject.
6.Wheneverheworkeduntilmidnight,hewould
drinkacupofteatogetrefreshed(refresh).
7.IhadbeenlivinginBeijingfortwoyearspriorto
meetingher.
8.IshouldapplyforthepostifIwereyou.Ithink
youstandagoodchance.
9.ThismodelistechnicalysuperiortoitscompetiG
tors.
10.Hehurriedback,onlytofindthathismother
hadleft.
Ⅲ.选词填空
earnaliving,befondof,weighup,comfortzone,
priorto,gaintheupperhand,swingintoaction,
putonesbestfootforward
1.Theporterwasthelastpersontoseeherpriorto
herdisappearance.
2.Whenyougoforajobinterview,putyourbest
footforward.
3.Hecouldhardlyearnalivinginthecountry,sohe
cametothecitytotryhisfortune.
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基础必备 选择性必修第四册
4.Theyareprogressingandattheappropriatetime
wewilswingintoactionandlifewilchangequite
dramaticaly.
5.Heisfondofwearingpinkpointyhatsandplaying
agile(机敏的)games.
6.IfyoustaywithinyourcomfortzoneyouwilnevG
erimprove.
7.ThetwosidesweresowelGmatchedthatneither
couldgaintheupperhand.
8.Andtheyl weighuptheadvantagesandthedisG
advantagesandthentheyl makeadecision.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.你知道我不是怀有偏见的人.
YouknowthatIamnotaprejudicedman.
2.有谁知道怎么操作这个系统吗?
Whoknowshowtooperatethesystem?
3.灰尘堵塞毛孔,从而生出粉刺.
Dirtclogsthepores,causingspots.
4.他经常上课迟到,这使他妈妈很生气.
Hewasoftenlateforclass,whichmadehismothG
erveryangry.
5.走了很长的一段路之后,一杯冷饮使我恢复了
精神.
Acooldrinkrefreshedmeaftermylongwalk.
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全
短文,并背诵体会黑体部分用法.
Therearemanyreasonswhyweneedwork.
First,workenablesustobe1.financialy (fiG
nance)independent.Second,throughtheworkwe
do,ourgoalscan2.beattained(attain)andourperG
sonaldreamsachieved.Al ofushavehaddreams
aboutonethingor3.anotherandworkoftenenables
ustopursethosedreams.Third,workcanalsohelp
developourskils,thus4.providing(provide)room
forpersonal5.growth(grow).Whenwework,we
mustpracticeourskilsconstantlyuntilweexcelin
6.whatwedo.Besides,workalsocontributes7.to
thehealthofsociety.Atthemostbasiclevel,the
differenttypesofjobsarelikegearsin8.amachine.
Alinal,ourwork,when9.done(do)wel,
wilnotonlyhelpsusmakealivingbutalsohelps
makealifefor10.ourselves(we)andforothers.
Ⅱ.话题微写作(投稿)
假设你是李华.上个月,你参加了学校开展的
“职业体验”(MyFirstExperienceinCareer)实 践活
动.现校英文报正向全校学生征集相关稿件.请你
写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.你体验的一项职业;
2.你的感受.
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.尽量用本单元知识点;
3.请按如下格式在相应位置作答.
MyFirstExperienceinCareer
[参考范文]
MyFirstExperienceinCareer
Lastmonth,Ihadtheprivilegeofparticipating
inourschoolsinitiative,MyFirstExperienceinCaG
reer.Itaimedtoprovidestudentslike me witha
glimpseintodiverseprofessions.
Myjourneybeganatalocalhospital,whereI
shadowedasadiligentnurseforaday.Witnessing
herinteractionswithpatients,meticulouscare,and
swiftdecisionGmaking,IgainedadeeperunderstandG
ingoftheimmenseresponsibilityandcompassionreG
quiredinthisnobleprofession.ItwasaneyeGopening
experiencethatleftmegratefulforthehealthcare
workerswhotirelesslysavelives.
Thispracticalexperiencetransformed me,inG
creasing myknowledgeandignitingambition.Im
thankfultoourschoolfororganizingsuchameanG
ingfulprogramandexcitedforfutureopportunities.
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(27)———地理位置
●[多样表达]
1.beachn.海滩
2.streamn.小溪
3.rockn.岩石
4.mountainn.山
5.situatevt.使(某物)位于
6.ruraladj.农村的
7.beneathprep.在下方
8.afavorablysituatedcity位置优越的城市
9.asmalvilageofthemap地图上的一个小村庄
10.withinastonesthrowofthebeach
离海滨仅咫尺之遥
11.inavilageamongthehils
在群山环抱的村庄里
12.thethinlypopulatedruralarea
人烟稀少的农村地区
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高考总复习 英语(YL)
●[佳句观摩]
1.在两个镇的中间有个小村子.
Thereisasmal vilagemidwaybetweenthetwo
towns.
2.他们碰见了她,独自一人神色忧郁地走在海滩上.
Theyfoundherwalkingaloneonthebeach,deG
pressed.
3.在这之前,他一直住在一个天气暖和的乡村里,那
里,阳光洒满美丽的满是橘子的果园,田野里到处
是芳香扑鼻的鲜花.
Beforethis,hehadlivedinawarmcountry,where
thesunshinesdownonbeautifulorangegroves,and
fieldsarealwayssweetwithflowers.
●[好句仿写]
1.这幢房子坐落在松树丛中的一块岩石上.
Thehousestandsonarockamongpinesinahil.
2.湖位于扬州城西北,从六朝以来就为风景胜地并且
在乾隆时期盛极一时.
ThelakeissituatedinthenorthGwesternpartof
thecityYangzhou.Ithasbeenascenicspot,since
theSixDynastiesandwasinitsfulflourishin
EmperorQianlongPeriod.
3.我们以前住在一个漂亮的村庄里,有树和花草,连
空气都是甜的.
Weusedtoliveinabeautifulvilage,andthere
weretrees,flowersandgreengrass,andtheair
wassosweet.
学生用书 P270
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.Thecheersoftheaudiencedrownedtheprofessors
voice. v.淹没
2.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforG
estscrowdedwithsmaltreesthatcompetewith
bigtreesforresources(资源). adj.凶猛的
3.Theyhadbarelysatdownbeforefortypolicemen
crowdedin. adv.刚刚
二、一词多义———据语境选出tank的含义
A.箱 B.槽 C.罐 D.坦克
1.Ifilupthetankwithgasolineaboutonceaweek.
A
2.Thetanksweremainlyconstructedofsteelplates.
D
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养———Topic:东南亚的巴瑶族人
◆真题文本 ◆真题再做
(全国卷)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevoG
lutionthatoccurredbilionsofyearsago.AsscientistslookdeeG
perintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhuman
evolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopian
highlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.CattleGraising
peopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutaG
tion(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.
OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofreG
searchersreportedanewkindofadaptation— nottoairorto
food,buttotheocean.AgroupofseaGdwelingpeopleinSouthG
eastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthese
peopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndoG
nesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionalylived
onhouseboats;inrecenttimes,theyvealsobuilthousesonstilts
(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertothe
land,”saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawairesearcG
herwhostudiestheBajau.
1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotelus
bytheexamplesinParagraph1?
A.Environmentaladaptationofcattle
raisers.
B.New knowledgeofhumanevoluG
tion.
C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.
D.Significanceoffoodselection.
2.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouG
ses?
A.Invaleys. B.Nearrivers.
C.Onthebeach.D.Ofthecoast.
952
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
续表
Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamal
IslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishG
ingorharvestingshelfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycould
stayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.JubilaG
dosaid.“Icouldseethemactualywalkingunderthesea.”
In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingenetics
atthe UniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.She
wonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionof
physicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“It
seemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactona
population,”saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelya
numberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.
3.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonG
ishedattheBajau?
A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsalday.
B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.
C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.
D.TheylivedonbothlandandwaG
ter.
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthe
text?
A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea
B.HighlandersSurvivalSkils
C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch
D.TheWorldsBestDivers
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.研究发现居住在
东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存,进化成了更好的
潜水者.
1.B [推理判断题.根据第一段中的“theyarefindG
ingexamples...thousandyears”可以推断,作者举
例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识.]
2.D [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 二 段 中 的“Theyhave
traditionalylived...incoastalwaters.”可知,巴瑶
族人主要居住在沿海地区,故 D项正确.]
3.C [细节理解题.根据第三段中的“Wewereso
amazed...localislanders”可知,年轻的Jubilado对
巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待
更长的时间.]
4.A [标题归纳题.根据全文内容及第二段的研究
结果“ateamofresearchersreported...buttothe
ocean”可知,本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地
适应海上的生活,身体结构发生了变化,所以 A 项
适合作本文的标题.]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.lookdeeperinto 更深入研究
2.cattleGraisingpeople 养牛人;畜牧民族
3.ateamofresearchers 一组研究人员
4.liveonhouseboats 住在船上
5.makealivingasdivers 以潜水为生
6.agraduatestudent 一名研究生
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.evolutionn. 进化
2.highlandn. 高地;高原
3.altituden. 海拔
4.seaGdwelingadj. 海上居住的
5.coastaladj. 沿海的
6.underwateradj. 水下的
7.geneticsn. 遗传学
8.characteristicn. 特征
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横
线上)
1.digest
A.消化 B.文摘,摘要 C.领会;理解
①CattleGraisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthG
ern Europehavegaineda mutationthathelps
themdigestmilkasadults. A
②Theylearnwelbutseemtoneedtimetodigest
information. C
2.act
A.行动 B.节目 C.法令 D.起作用
①ItseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalseG
lectiontoactonapopulation. D
②Thisyearnumerousbandsareplaying,aswel
ascomedyacts. B
◆长句缩写
OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,a
teamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptaG
tion-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.
[句子剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
(On Thursday)[(inanarticle)(publishedin
Cell)],(ateamof)researchersreporteda (new
kindof)adaptation-(nottoairortofood,butto
theocean).
[句子缩写] Researchersreportedanadaptation.
(不超过10个单词)
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高考总复习 英语(YL)