内容正文:
课时冲关29 Unit5 Adelicateworld
学生用书 P380
Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁:应用文 话题:关于自然平衡的书
NowhereistheinterconnectionofthenatuG
ralworldmoreevidentthaninthedelicatebalG
anceofitsecosystems.Thesebooksexaminethe
secrettothatbalance,makingcomplexconcepts
accessibletoreadersjustbeginningtheirscientific
journeys.
TheElephant
ByJenniDesmond.Ilustration:bytheauG
thor.2018.
Thecaringnature,inteligence,andincrediG
blesizeof Africanand Asianelephantsshine
throughinDesmondsmagnificentpresentationof
thesemammals.HerilustrationsareshowstopG
pers,andthetextincludesgeneralcharacteristics
andhabits.Desmondswriting,preciseandinvitG
ing,calsattentiontotheelephantsroleasa
keystonespeciesintheecosystemandhumans
rolesinelephantsdecliningnumbers.
Beavers
ByRachelPoliquin.Ilustration:byNichoG
lasJohnFrith.2018.
ThisfirstintheSuperpowerFieldGuideseG
ries,aboutthenaturalworldsresidentsuperheroG
es,ofersefervescentexaminationsofabeaverssuper
characteristics.PoliquinexplainsinsimplebutexG
actlanguagehowthese“wetlandwarriors”chew
downtrees,builddamsandlodges,andmostaweG
someofal,functionasakeystonespeciestocreG
ateentirenewecosystems.
TheWolvesAreBack
ByJeanCraigheadGeorge.Ilustration:by
Wendel Minor.2008.
AsGeorgefolowsonewolfsgrowthfrom
puptoadult,theemphasisisnotasmuchonthe
wolvesandtheirhabitsbutonhowtheirpresence
haschangedtheecosystem ofYelowstoneand
returneditsnaturalbalance.MinorsfinelydeG
tailedilustrationsfeaturespectacularlyrendered
animalsintheforegroundofthebold,western
landscapes.Togetherthe words and pictures
makeforahighlyeffectiveandenjoyableexplanaG
tionofhowthepresenceofoneanimalcanproG
foundlyaffectanecosystem.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇应用文.文章介绍了一些
关于自然平衡的书.
1.WhoilustratesthebookTheElephant?
A.JenniDesmond.
B.NicholasJohnFrith.
C.RachelPoliquin.
D.Wendel Minor.
解析:A [细节理解题.根据TheElephant部
分中“ByJenniDesmond.Ilustration:bythe
author.2018.(JenniDesmond著.插图:作者.
2018)”可知,该书的插图是由作者JenniDesG
mond画的.]
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Poliquindescribesbeaversusingcomplex
language.
B.Georgedoestheresearch mainly onthe
wolvesandtheirhabits.
C.DesmondswritingfocusesonhumansacG
tiverolesinelephantconservation.
D.Thespeciesmentionedabovearelikelyto
influencetheecosystem.
解析:D [细节理解题.根据TheElephant部
分中“Desmondswriting,preciseandinviting,
calsattentiontotheelephantsroleasakeyG
stonespeciesintheecosystem andhumans
rolesinelephantsdecliningnumbers.”、BeaG
vers部分中“PoliquinexplainsinsimplebutexG
actlanguage...entirenewecosystems.”以 及
TheWolvesAreBack 部 分 中 “AsGeorgefolG
lowsonewolfsgrowth...andreturneditsnatG
uralbalance.”和“TogetherthewordsandpicG
turesmakeforahighlyeffectiveandenjoyable
explanationofhowthepresenceofoneanimal
canprofoundlyaffectanecosystem.”可 知,文
章提到的动物可能会影响生态系统.]
3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
A.Azooguidebook. B.Anacademicarticle.
C.Anaturemagazine.D.Aresearchreport.
解析:C [推理判断题.根据全文内容,结合第
一段中“Nowhereistheinterconnectionofthe
natural...readersjustbeginningtheirscientifG
icjourneys.”可知,文章介绍了一些关于自然平
衡的书,应是出自一本自然杂志.]
阅读理解B 体裁:说明文 话题:哈欠传播
Ifyoueverfindyourselfyawningduringa
longvideocal,youmaysoonseeyawns(哈欠)
spreadtotheotherfacesonyourscreen.Yourpet
underthedeskmayevenjoinin.
Yawnscanspreadevenbetweendogsand
humans,asreportedin2008and2012.Atthe
timeempathy-theabilitytoputyourselfin
anothersshoes—wasoneofthemostprobable
274
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
explanation.ButnewevidencesuggeststhisreaG
soningiswrong.
Togetabetterunderstanding,researchers
examined whether dogsyawning folowsthe
samebehavioralpatternswithhumans.ForinG
stance,peoplearebothmorelikelytoyawnwith
friendsandfamiliesthanwithstrangers.Besides,
women,onaverage,reportgreaterfeelingsof
empathythan men,andcatchyawnsmorefreG
quently.Butearlierthisyear,whenresearchers
analyzedpreviousstudiesofyawningindogs,
theyfoundnosignofthisbias(偏向).
How oftendodogscatchyawnsfrom huG
manswhoareniceornotsonicetothem?InanG
otherstudy,anexperimenterwouldeitherplay
withorpetthedog,orplainlyignorethedogand
avoidaleyecontact.Theantisocialexperimenter
wouldalsoshowthedogatreatandcommandit
toperformatrick,andtheneatthetreatthemG
selves.Butthisdidnotaffectthedogsyawning.
Itsstil unclearwhyweyawninthefirst
place.Onehypothesisisthatyawningisastress
responsethatincreasesalertnessbyincreasing
bloodflowtothebrainandcoolingit.“Having
yawnsspread could help coordinate(协 调 )a
groupsalertness.However,thisisoneniceevoG
lutionarystorythatwedonthavethatmucheviG
dencefor.Thisdoesntmeanyourdogdoesnt
haveempathyatal.Instead,thestudyshows
thatanimalmindsarestilamystery,”saysAlex
Taylor,anevolutionarypsychologist.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍
了研究人员对于“哈欠在人与动物之间传播”的原
因的探索.
4.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?
A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.
B.Toclarifythedefinitionoftheyawn.
C.Todescribeyawningthroughanexample.
D.Tomakeanoveraloutlineofthepassage.
解析:A [推理判断题.根据文章第一段“If
youeverfindyourselfyawningduringalong
videocal,you maysoonseeyawns(哈 欠)
spreadtotheotherfacesonyourscreen.Your
petunderthedeskmayevenjoinin.(如果您在
长时间的视频通话中发现自己在打哈欠,您可
能很快就会看到打哈欠蔓延到屏幕上的其他面
孔上.你桌子底下的宠物甚至也可能会加入到
这个行列中.)”可知,本段主要是介绍了实际生
活中关于“哈欠传播”的例子,目的是为了引入
本篇文章的主题.这是一种“抛砖引玉”式的写
作手法,所以 A 项Tointroducethetopicofthe
passage.(介绍文章的主题.)符合推断.]
5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutdogsyawnfrom
thepassage?
A.Dogscatchyawnsasaresultofempathy.
B.Femaledogsyawn much morethan male
dogs.
C.DogstendtoyawnmoreafterafamiliarperG
son.
D.Dogsyawningfolowsadifferentpattern
fromhumans.
解析:D [细节理解题.根据文章第三段“For
instance,peoplearebothmorelikelytoyawn
withfriendsandfamiliesthanwithstrangers.
Besides,women,onaverage,reportgreater
feelings of empathy than men,and catch
yawnsmorefrequently.Butearlierthisyear,
whenresearchersanalyzedpreviousstudiesof
yawningindogs,theyfoundnosignofthisbiG
as(偏向).(例如,与陌生人相比,人们更可能与
朋友和家人打哈欠.此外,平均而言,女性比男
性报告的共情感更强,打哈欠的频率也更高.
但今年早些时候,当研究人员分析之前对狗打
哈欠 的 研 究 时,他 们 没 有 发 现 这 些 偏 见 的 迹
象.)”可知,狗并没有表现出与人 类 相 同 的 现
象,如“与熟人更易打哈欠”,“女性打哈欠频率
更高”.所以 D项DogsyawningfolowsadifG
ferentpatternfromhumans.(狗打哈欠的方式
与人类不同.)符合原文表述.]
6.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatmaytheantiG
socialexperimenterdotodogs?
A.Ignorethedogevenifityawns.
B.Hurtthemcruely.
C.Makenoeyecontactwiththematal.
D.Giveatreattothem whentheyperforma
trick.
解析:C [推理判断题.根据文章第四段“In
anotherstudy,anexperimenterwouldeither
playwithorpetthedog,orplainlyignorethe
dogandavoidaleyecontact.TheantisocialexG
perimenterwouldalsoshowthedogatreatand
commandittoperformatrick,andtheneat
thetreatthemselves.(在另一项研究中,实验者
要么与狗玩耍或抚摸狗,要么直接无视狗并避
免所有目光接触.反交际实验者还会给狗看零
食并命令它表演一个技巧,然后自己吃零食.)”
以及根据also可知,反交际实验者也会做前面
的事情,即有可能“直接无视狗并避免所有目光
接触”.C项 Makenoeyecontactwiththemat
al.(完全不与它们进行眼神交流.)符合推断.]
7.WhatcanweinferfromAlexTaylorswords?
A.Weyawntospreadalertnesstoothers.
B.Weneedtoexploremoreaboutyawns.
C.Dogsmayhavenoempathyatal.
D.HumansyawningbehaviorarosefromevoG
lution.
解析:B [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段
“Havingyawnsspreadcouldhelpcoordinate
(协 调)agroupsalertness.However,thisis
oneniceevolutionarystorythatwedonthave
thatmuchevidencefor.Thisdoesntmeanyour
dogdoesnthaveempathyatal.Instead,the
studyshowsthatanimalmindsarestilamysG
tery,(打哈欠可以帮助协调一个群体的警觉性.
374
基础必备 选择性必修第二册
然而,这是一个很好的进化故事,我们没有那么
多证据.这并不是说你的狗根本没有同理心.
相反,这项研究表明,动物的思 维 仍 然 是 一 个
谜.)”可知,狗并不是没有同理心,而“动物的思
维仍然是一个谜”表明,在这方面还需进一步探
究,才能揭开谜底.故B项 Weneedtoexplore
moreaboutyawns.(我们需要更多地探索关于
打哈欠的这个谜.)符合推断.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁:说明文 话题:缓解旅游焦虑的有效方法
Howtoovercometravelanxiety
Stressandanxietyaround documentsand
proceduresoftraveliscommon.Herearesome
tipsfromexpertsonhowtoovercometravelanxG
ietyandenjoyyourholidayortrip.
1 Tobeabletobestcopewithyour
travelanxiety,youneedtohaveagoodunderG
standingofthethingsthatactualycauseit.Once
youunderstandwhattriggersyouranxiety,you
canplanaheadforthebestwaystohandleit.
Planoutyourtripdetails.OneofthereaG
sonsforyourtravelanxietyisthatyourebeing
takenoutofyourcomfortzoneandwonthave
fulcontrolovereverything. 2 Thatwilgive
youasenseofcontrol.However,itsequalyimG
portanttothinkofalternativeplansforanything
thatcouldpotentialynotgoasplanned.
Makeuseofdifferentrelaxationtechniques.
3 Anotherusefulwaytocalmyourmindis
bymeditating.TomakesureyoufindthemindG
fulnesstechniquethatworksbestforyou,try
outafewdifferentonesbeforehandandusethe
mostefficientoneduringyourtriptosetyour
mindatease.
Havethingswithyouthatbringyoujoy.
Thesecanincludephysicalitemslikeabookto
read,oragametoplay.ItcanbeextremelyuseG
fulindistractingyoufromyournegativefeelings.
Alternatively,youcancreateaplaylistofsongs
youloveorhaveyourfavouriteTVshow with
you. 4
Dontforgetyour physicalhealth.Being
physicalyactiveisagreatwaytoreducefeelings
ofanxietyandstress. 5 Goingoutsideand
connectingwithnaturecanhaveapositiveeffect
onyourphysicalandmentalwelbeing,whichin
turnwilhelpreduceyouranxiousthoughts.
A.Brainstormvariouskindsofanxiety.
B.Understandwhereyouranxietyoriginates.
C.Frankly speaking,negative feelings cant
beavoided.
D.Makesuretoincorporatephysicalactivityin
yourdays.
E.Deepbreathingisatechniqueproventohelp
reducestress.
F.Theywilkeepyourmindoccupied,decreasing
yourfeelingsofanxiety.
G.Tohelpeasethatanxiousfeeling,trytoplan
outyourtripinasmuchdetailaspossible.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.介绍了一些缓
解旅游焦虑的有效方法.
1.B [空处为段落小标题,根据后文“Tobeableto
bestcopewithyourtravelanxiety,you...plan
aheadforthebestwaystohandleit.(为了能够
最好地应对你的旅行焦虑,你需要对真正导致
它的事情有一个很好的理解.一旦你明白是什
么触发了你的焦虑,你就可以提前计划最好的
方法来处理它.)”可推断,本段讲述要理解你的
焦虑的来源,因此推断B项“了解你的焦虑来自
哪里.”为最佳标题.]
2.G [前文“Planoutyourtripdetails.Oneof
thereasonsforyourtravelanxietyisthat
yourebeingtakenoutofyourcomfortzone
and wonthaveful controlovereverything.
(计划好你的旅行细节.旅行焦虑的原因之一
是你被带出了自己的舒适区,不能完全控制一
切.)”建议要计划好旅行细节,缓解走出舒适区
的不舒适带来的焦虑,因此推断 G项“为了帮助
缓解这种焦虑的感觉,努力尽可能详细地计划你的
旅行.”符合语境,与标题一致,承接上文内容.]
3.E [根据标题“Makeuseofdifferentrelaxation
techniques.(利用不同的放松技巧.)”可知,本
段建议利用不同的放松技巧放松,因此推断 E
项“深呼吸是一种被证明有助于减轻压力的技
巧.”符合语境,承接上文举例说明一种放松技
巧———深呼吸.]
4.F [前文“Havethingswithyouthatbringyou
joy.Thesecanincludephysicalitemslikea
booktoread,oragametoplay.ItcanbeexG
tremelyusefulin distractingyoufrom your
negativefeelings.Alternatively,youcancreG
ateaplaylistofsongsyouloveorhaveyour
favouriteTVshowwithyou.(随身携带能给你
快乐的东西.这些东西可以包括实体物品,比
如要读的书,或者要玩的游戏.这对分散你的
消极情绪非常有用.或者,你可以创建一个你
喜欢的歌曲播放列表,或者把你最喜欢的电视
节目带在身边.)”,因此推断 F项“它们会占用
你的注意力,减少你的焦虑感.”符合语境,they
指代前文提到的缓解焦虑的东西.]
5.D [前文“Dontforgetyourphysicalhealth.
Beingphysicalyactiveisagreatwaytoreduce
feelingsofanxietyandstress.(不要忘记你的
身体健康.积极锻炼身体是减少焦虑和压力的
好方法.)”讲述积极锻炼身体是缓解焦虑的好
方法,因此推断 D项“确保每天都有体育锻炼.”
符合语境,呼应前文提到的“积极锻炼身体”.]
[日积月累] 阅读理解 A
1.delicatebalance 微妙的平衡
2.complexconcept 复杂的概念
3.magnificentpresentation 精彩的陈述
4.examinationn. 检查
5.emphasisn. 强调
474
高考总复习 英语(外研版)