内容正文:
课时冲关12 Unit6 Earthfirst
学生用书 P343
Ⅰ.阅读理解 体裁:说明文 话题:欧洲过度消耗地球食品资源
Europedrawsunnecessarilytoomuchonthe
earthsfoodresources,whichiswhyresearchers
arecalingforpoliticalactionstoreducefoodloss
andwasteonthecontinent.
Accordingtoresearchers,“foodloss”occurs
fromtheprimaryagriculturalsectortothefood
processingindustryandthe wholesalesector,
whilefromtheretail(零售)sectortowardsthe
serviceindustryandhouseholds,werefertoitas
“foodwaste”.
“HalvingEuropesfoodlossandwastecould
largelyhelpsolvethechalengesoffoodshortaG
gesintheworld,”saysMarianneThomson,reG
searchleaderandprofessorofsustainablefood
systemsatUCPH.Theresearcherscalculations
show halvingfoodlossand wastein Europe
equalssaving8% ofthegreenhousegas,along
withasavingofabout12%ofagriculturalareas.
Inaddition,thereisasavingof7%ofwaterconG
sumption,and14%ofenergyinthefoodproducG
tionforthecitizensofEurope.
Thecalculationsapplyaconsumptionbased
approach.Thisincludesthegreenhousegasfrom
localyproducedandimportedfoodinEuropean
countries,whileleavingoutfoodsproducedinG
sidebutexportedtoothercountries.
Thisiswhycountriesshouldtakeactionsto
reducefoodlossandwasteatal stagesofthe
foodsupplychain.MarianneThomsonintroduces
monitoringandreportingoffoodlossandwaste
byal actorsalongthefoodsupplychainasan
importantaction.
Suchanaction,combinedwithothertypes
ofsimilaractions,maybeastrongencourageG
mentforcompaniesandtherestofsocietytoput
intimeandmoneyfornewtechnologyandcomG
binedeffortstopreventfoodlossandwastealong
thefoodsupplychain.Producingcompaniescan
cooperateonupcycling(升级改造)products.The
serviceindustrycanapplyupcycledmaterialsproG
ducedfromfoodnotneededinthewholesalesecG
tor,andatthesametimeencouragecostumersto
takesmalerportionsbyreducingtheplatesize.
“Cuttingfoodlossandwasteby50%inEuG
roperequirespoliticalactions,andalsotheacG
tionsneedtoadapttonationalcircumstancesand
specificregionalandlocalchalenges,”saysMarG
ianneThomson.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要讨论
了欧洲过度消耗地球食品资源的问题,并强调减
少食品损失和浪费的重要性.
1.Whatistheresearchersultimateaim?
A.Todecreasefoodlossandwaste.
B.TocriticizeEuropeforoverusingfood.
C.TolookfornewproductsforEuropeans.
D.ToarousepeoplesawarenessoffoodshortG
age.
解析:A [细节理解题.根据文章第一段“Europe
drawsunnecessarilytoomuchontheearthsfood
resources,whichiswhyresearchersarecaling
forpoliticalactionstoreducefoodlossand
wasteonthecontinent.(欧洲不必要地过度消
耗了地球上的粮食资源,这就是为什么研究人
员呼吁采取政治行动来减少欧洲大陆的粮食损
失和浪费.)”可知,研究人员的最终目标是减少
食品损失和浪费.]
2.WhatispresentedinParagraph3?
A.Possiblecauses.
B.Solvingstrategies.
C.Researchfindings.
D.Calculatingmethods.
解析:C [主 旨 大 意 题.根 据 文 章 第 三 段
“‘HalvingEuropesfoodlossandwastecould
largelyhelp...productionforthecitizensof
Europe.’(研究负责人、UCPH 可持续粮食系统
教授 MarianneThomson说.研究人员的计算
表明,在欧洲,将食物损失和浪费减少一半,相
当于减 少 8% 的 温 室 气 体 排 放,同 时 减 少 约
12%的农业面积.此外,还为欧洲公民节约了
7%的水消耗,14%的能源用于食品生产.)”可
知,第三段提到了研究人员的计算结果,包括减
少一半的食品损失和浪费可以节省8%的温室
气体排放、12%的农业用地、7%的水消耗以及
欧洲公民在食品生产中使用的14%的能源.由
此可知,第三段主要陈述了研究结果.]
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高考总复习 英语(外研版)
3.Whatdoweknowabouttheactionputforward
byMarianneThomson?
A.Itrequiresproducinglessfoodforcitizensof
Europe.
B.ItgivesnoconsiderationtothefoodproG
ducedoutofEurope.
C.Itneedsjointeffortsofeveryonealongthe
foodsupplychain.
D.Itcoststoomuchtimeandmoneyoffood
producingcompanies.
解析:C [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“This
iswhycountriesshouldtakeactionstoreduce
foodlossandwasteatal stagesofthefood
supplychain.Marianne Thomsonintroduces
monitoring and reporting offood loss and
wastebyalactorsalongthefoodsupplychain
asanimportantaction.”可知,MarianneThomG
son认为所有参与食品供应链的人都需要进行
监测和报告食品损失和浪费,这是一个重要的
行动.由此可知,这意味着该行动需要食品供
应链上每个人的共同努力.]
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Foodlossandwasteappearateverystageof
thesupplychain.
B.Smalersizesofplatesleadtopeopleseating
morethantheyneed.
C.Politicalactionstoreducefoodlossand
wastemeetwithnodifficulty.
D.CuttingfoodlossandwasteinEuropeby
50% meanssaving14%agriculturallands.
解析:A [细节理解题.根据文章第二段“AcG
cordingtoresearchers,‘foodloss’occursfrom
theprimaryagriculturalsectortothefoodproG
cessingindustry and the wholesale sector,
whilefromtheretail(零售)sectortowardsthe
serviceindustryandhouseholds,werefertoit
as‘foodwaste’.(根据研究人员的说法,‘食物
损失’发生在初级农业部门到食品加工业和批
发部门,而从零售部门到服务业和家庭,我们称
之为‘食物浪费’.)”可知,研究人员认为,从主
要农业部门到食品加工行业和批发部门都存在
食品损失,而从零售部门到服务行业和家庭则
存在食品浪费.由此可知,食品损失和浪费出
现在供应链的每个阶段.]
Ⅱ.语法填空 体裁:说明文 话题:嵩山少林寺
Stretchingfromeasttowestforover60kiloG
meters,Songshan Mountainisacclaimedinfolklore
(民俗学)asthe “originofal mountains”.Its
welpreservedangularrockshapes1.
(form)bythreeviolentmovementsintheearths
crust,andthemostrecenthappened570milion
yearsago,2. theHimalayasandthe
entire Qinling Range were submerged under
thesea.
However,itisthe1,529yearoldShaolin
Temple,3. (locate)inamountainforG
estnearDengfeng,anditsstyleofkungfuthat
haveleftthebiggestimpressionontheworld.
Today,Shaolin Templeattracts4.
(rough)7milionChineseandinternationaltourG
istsandmartialartsenthusiastseveryyear.
Whiletheareaisfamousaroundtheworld
forShaolinKungFu,itisalsobecomingknown
forothercultural5. (aspect)including
Chan Wu Yi,whichcombinesZen meditation,
kungfuandtraditionalChinese medicine,and
hasbeenpromotedby MasterShiDejianfor30
years.
In1994,MasterShiDejian,underthe6.
(guide)ofhisteacher,startedtherestoraG
tionoftheacademysdamagedbuildings7.
(study)andpromoteChan WuYi.Eleven
yearslater,withShiDejian8. (work)
asitsdirector,theSongshanChan Wu YiReG
searchInstitutewasestablished.“Ithasbecome
9. normalpartofourlivestopractise
internalcultivation,and10. canbesaid
thatChan WuYiisourbasicwayoflife.”he
said.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.嵩山素有“万
山之源”的美誉.本文主要介绍了嵩山著名的少
林寺.
1.wereformed [考查动词的时态和语态.句意:
它保存完好的棱角分明的岩石形状是由地壳的
三次剧烈运动形成的,最近一次发生在57亿
年前,当时喜马拉雅山脉和整个秦岭山脉被淹
没在海底.空格处应填入谓语动词.根据下文
themostrecenthappened570milionyearsago
可知,此处应用一般过去时态.根据空后的by
以及句意可知,此处应用被动语态.故填 were
formed.]
2.when [考查定语从句.句意同上.此处是非
限定性定语从句.先行词为570milionyears
ago,表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故
用关系副词 when引导定语从句.故填 when.]
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基础必备 必修第二册
3.located [考查过去分词.句意:然而,给世界
留下最深刻印象的是有着1529年历史的少林
寺,它坐落在登封附近的一片山林中.空格处应
填入非谓语动词.表示“坐落在”应用belocaG
tedin/at...,故此处用过去分词.故填located.]
4.roughly [考查副词.句意:如今,少林寺每年
吸引约700万中外游客和武术爱好者.空格处
应填入副词作状语,故用roughly,意为“大约”.
故填roughly.]
5.aspects [考查名词的数.句意:虽然该地区以
少林功夫闻名于世,但它也因其他文化方面而
闻名,包括禅悟、功夫和传统中 医 相 结 合 的 禅
宗,并由释德鉴大师推广了30年.根据空格前
的other可知,此处应填名词复数形式.故填
aspects.]
6.guidance [考查名词.句意:1994年,释德鉴
法师在老师的指导下,着手修复书院残损建筑,
学习推广禅悟.undertheguidanceof是固定
短 语,意 为 “在 的 指 导 下”.故 填 guidG
ance.]
7.tostudy [考查动词不定式.句意同上.根据
句意,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语.故填
tostudy.]
8.working [考查现在分词.句意:十一年后,由
释德鉴任所长的松山禅悟研究所成立.此处为
with的复合结构.宾语 ShiDejian与 work是
逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足
语.故填 working.]
9.a [考查冠词.句意:他说:“修炼内功已经成
为我们生活中的一个正常部分,可以说禅悟是
我们的基本生活方式.”根据句意,此处指“一个
部分”,表示泛指,应用不定冠词.normal读音
以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a.故填a.]
10.it [考查代词.句意同上.空格处应填入it
作形式主语.that引导的从句作真正的主语.
故填it.]
Ⅲ.读后续写 体裁:记叙文 话题:出演鱼仆
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续
写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文.
Istaredatmyselfinthemirror:bluetights,
yelowvest,afishtailtrailingbehindme,and
largeeyessittingatopmyhead.IraisedmyeyeG
browsandsighed.
“Mom,Idontthinkthiscostumeisright,”
Isaid.“Maybethemakeupwiladdsomething,”
Momrepliedhopefuly.
Somehow Momhadconvincedmetoplaythe
FishFootmaninAlicein Wonderland.Icant
sayitsbeenthetimeofmylife.
“WhatifIforgetmylines?”Ihesitated.
“OhRiley,isthatwhatyoureafraidof?I
know youvebeenrehearsingfortwo months,
youwerethefirstoffbookinyourscene,andI
couldntbeprouderofyou,”Momsaid,kneeling
downandhuggingme.
Thenextdaywepuledintotheparkinglot,
andIsteppedoutofthecar,wearingthequesG
tionablecostume.Ishrankinside myself,but
Mompuledmetowardthemakeuproom.When
themakeupwasdone,Ilookedatmyselfinthe
mirror.Myjawdropped.
“Mom!Icantgoonstagelikethis!”Icried.
“Whynot?”
“Idbealaughingstock(笑柄)! ”
“Riley,lookaroundyou! Yourenotthe
onlyoneinanoddcostume.”
“Whatifwejustsneakout? Noonewilmiss
me,”Iwhispered.
Momslipsdisappearedintoathinline,and
IknewIhadgonetoofar.“Riley,Imgoingto
watchyougooutonthatstagetonight.And
thatstheendofit.”Thenmomdisappearedinto
theaudience.Isatthere,aloneandbored,asthe
playbeganandthecurtainroseon.
ThetwoboysdressedasTwoofClubs(梅花
2)nearmechattedcasualyaboutthisandthat.
Suddenly,theyasked,“Youreawfulyquiet.Is
thisyourfirstshow?”Itriedtorespond,butmy
voicecaughtinmythroatandrefusedtoescape.I
coughedandnearlyyeled,“YES!”
TheAceofDiamonds(方块 A)sittingnearG
bylaughed.“Theaudiencewilcertainlyhearyou
ifyoutalkthatloud.Butyoumighthavetoclear
yourthroatfirst.”shechuckled.Igavethema
weaksmile.
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高考总复习 英语(外研版)
“Dont worry about us,”the Ace said.
“Wereonlyteasing.”
“Yeah,”theTwosaid.“Whenyouvedone
asmanyshowsaswehave,projecting wil be
secondnaturetoyou.”
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答.
Whenmynamewascaled,Isteppedonto
thestageuneasily.
SuddenlyIwasdeterminedtomakealasting
impression.
[写作思路]
故
事
梗
概
本文以人物为线索展开.讲述了作者的妈
妈说服作者去演«爱丽丝梦游仙境»里的鱼
仆.当第二天去演出的时候,作者开始退
缩了;化完妆之后作者更不想去上台演出.
妈妈消失在观众中,作者独自一人等待参
加演出,在等待的过程中作者遇到了梅花2
和方块 A.
续
写
思
路
续写第
一段
由第一段首句内容“当叫到我的名
字时,我忐忑不安地走上舞台.”可
知,第一段描写的是作者在舞台上
紧张不安的心理活动和反应.
续写第
二段
由第二段首句内容“突然间,我下
定决心要给人留下深刻的印象.”
可知,第二段描写的是作者想起梅
花2和方块 A 的轻松自信,受到感
染,作者成功地完成了演出,演出
结束后作者得到了妈妈的夸赞,作
者自 己 意 识 到 要 走 出 自 己 的 舒
适区.
续
写
线
索
走上舞台———感受到观众的期待———想要
离开舞台———下定决心给观众留下好的印
象———挺直腰板———清清嗓子———收获笑
声与掌声———得到妈妈的夸赞
[参考范文]
Whenmynamewascalled,Isteppedonto
thestageuneasily.Thebrightlightsblindedme
fora moment,andIfeltthe weightofthe
audiencesexpectantgazes.Despitethat,my
musclememorytookover.Wehadrehearsedso
manytimesthatIwaslikearobot,recitingmy
linesinthemostmonotone(单调的)voiceimagiG
nable.AsmalpartofmybrainwhisperedthatI
hadsaidtheselinesmuchbetterinrehearsal,but
Ipushedthatvoiceaway.Ijustwantedtogetoff
stageasfastaspossible.Soon,theendofmy
scenewasapproaching,andIgrewuncomfortaG
blyawarethattheaudiencehadindeedbeenvery
quietduringit.HadIdonesomethingwrong?
Didtheynotlikeme?
SuddenlyIwasdeterminedtomakealastG
ingimpression.IrememberedtheTwoofClubs
andtheAceofDiamonds,theireasyconfidence.
They,too,hadstartedsomewhere,likelyjustas
nervousanduncertainasI wasnow.ThenI
straightened myspine,cleared mythroat,and
yeledwithaltheforceIcouldmuster.ObviousG
ly,theaudienceheardme.AsthedialoguebeG
gan,Ifoundmyvoiceclearandstrong,resonaG
tingthroughthetheatre.Imovedwithpurpose,
embracingthe absurdity of my costume and
transformingitintoacharacterthatwasboth
comicalandendearing.Witheachpassing miG
nute,myconfidencegrew,fueledbytheaudience
responseoflaughterandapplause,theirenjoyG
menttangible proofthatIhad overcome my
fears.Asthefinalcurtainfel,Momfoundher
way backstage,hereyesshining with pride.
“Youwereamazing,Riley,”shewhispered.In
thatmoment,Irealizedthatsteppingoutofmy
comfortzone,despitetheinitialhesitationand
fear,hadled metodiscoverastrength within
myselfthatIneverknewexisted.
[日积月累]
1.行为类:①接近:approach/comenear/drawnear
②大喊:yel/shout ③克服:overcome/getover
2.情绪类:①紧张的:nervous/strained
②恐惧:fear/dread
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基础必备 必修第二册