内容正文:
词块背诵 佳句赏析
1.reachforthestars 探索星空
2.onesheartinonesmouth 提心吊胆
3.spaceshuttle 航天飞机
4.innovationssucceededeachother 创新接二连三
5.nomoredangerousthan... 和一样不危险
6.beyondonesimagination 超乎想象
7.undertakeaproject 承担一个项目
8.undergoacompletetransformation
经历一个彻底的转变
9.bidsb.goodbye 跟某人说再见
10.comeinhandyforpicnic 野餐时派上用场
1.Thejourneytoouterspaceandotherplanetsis
notadreamanymore.
去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是个梦.
2.Ihavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexploration.
HowIwishIhadachancetotravelintospace!
长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣.我多么希望
我有机会去太空旅行!
3.SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis,spacewalking
isnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.
虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你
们可能想象的那么激动人心.
学生用书 P314
[Part1 巧记课标单词]
写
作
单
词
|
悉
其
识
1.notionn. 概念,观点,看法
2.hazardousadj. 危险的,不安全的
3.shadown. 坏影响,阴影
4.screamv. 尖声大叫
5.suspendv. 暂停,中止
6.crewn. 全体机组人员
7.submitv. 提交
8.awesomeadj. 很好的,了不起的
9.telescopen. 望远镜
10.anglev. 斜置
11.conceivablyadv. 可想象地
12.straightforwardadj. 简单的
13.selfGdisciplinen. 自我约束,自律
14.fetchv. (去)拿来
15.musclen. 肌肉
16.sneezev. 打喷嚏
拓
展
单
词
|
通
其
用
1.exceptionaladj.特别的,非凡的→unexceptionaladj.平常的
2.kindlev.点燃,照耀 →rekindlev.重新唤起,重新激起
3.tragicadj.悲剧的→tragicaladj.悲剧的→tragicalyadv.悲惨地
4.simulatorn.模拟器→simulatedadj.模仿的
5.visibleadj.可见的→invisibleadj.看不见的
阅读
单词
|
明其
义
1.shuttlen. 航天飞机
2.instantaneouslyadv. 瞬间地
3.galaxyn. 星系
4.cosmicadj. 宇宙的
5.subatomicadj. 原子内的
6.particlen. 粒子
7.peppern. 胡椒粉
8.discn. 光碟,光盘
[Part2 闪记核心短语]
1.gowrong 出现问题,发生故障
2.castashadowon 给蒙上阴影
3.takeonesplace 名副其实,得到应有的社会地位
4.setfooton 进入,访问
5.signupfor 报名参加
6.become/getaccustomedto 习惯于
7.beengagedin 从事,参加
8.attheedgeof 在的边缘
9.inreality 事实上,实际上
10.lookbackto 回顾,回忆
653
[Part3 速记经典句式]
典型句式 教材原句
1.情态动词+have+done
Withtheeyesofstudentsacrossthenationuponher,shemight
haveinspiredanentirelynewgenerationofastronautsandspace
scientists(她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家).
2.thereis/wasnodoubtthat...“毫无疑
问”
Buttherewasneveranydoubtthat(毫无疑问)mannedflights
wouldcontinue,...
3.themore...,themore句式
Themoreweknow(我们知道的越多),themorewefeelourignoG
rance;themorewefeelhowmuchremainsunknown.
[Part4 积累联想拓展]
太空科技 go短语集锦
①astronautn. 宇航员
②telescopen. 望远镜
③universen. 宇宙
④rocketn. 火箭
⑤orbitn. (天体等的)运行轨道
⑥monitorvt. 监测;监控
①goafter 追求,设法获得
②goagainst 反对,违背
③goinfor 酷爱
④gowrong 出毛病
⑤goaway 走开
⑥gothrough 获准,经过程序
学生用书 P315
[核心词汇———逐点清]
1.accustomedadj.习惯的;通常的
▶ [教材对接]
(1)EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootonthe
Moonbackon20July,1969,peoplehavebecome
accustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.
自1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗首次登月
以来,人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念.
①beaccustomedto(doing)sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
②accustomvt.使习惯于
accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)—Theyarequiet,arentthey?
—Yes.Theyareaccustomedtonottalking(talk)at
meals.
(3)Accustomed(accustom)toclimbingthesteepmounG
tain,Kevinhadnodificultyreachingthetop.
(4)Ittookawhileformetoaccustom myself(I)
toalthenewrulesandregulations.
[能力提升] 句型转换
(5)Heaccustomedhimselftothenewjobassoon
aspossible.
→Hegot/becameaccustomedtothenewjobas
soonaspossible.
2.submitv.屈服;服从;归顺;提交;呈递;屈从;顺从
▶ [教材对接]
(1)SubmitathreeGminutevideointroducingyourG
selfandsayingwhyyouwouldbeanidealspace
candidate.
递交一个长达3分钟的视频介绍你并且说为什么
你是理想的太空候选人.
①submitto 提交;提交给;屈从于
②submitrequest 提交请求
submitapplication 提交申请
③submissionn. 屈服;提交;意见
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Theoriginalsettlerswereforcedtosubmitto
Bulgarianrule.
(3)Thearmyintendstotakethecityorsimply
starveitintosubmission(submit).
753
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
(4)(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Altheassignmentswil
besubmitted(submit)bytheassigneddatethrough
Blackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagement
system.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)IfyouwanttobepubG
lished,itsvitaltosubmitaperfect,professionaly
presentedmanuscript.
如果你想发表,提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至
关重要的.
3.visionn.视力
▶ [经典佳句]
(1)HeglimpsedsomethingontheedgeofhisviG
sion.
他斜眼瞥见了点什么.
①aclearvisionof 清晰的远景
②sb.sfield/lineofvision某人的视野
③broadvision 广阔的视野
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Humankindpaidforitsbroadvision(visible)
andskilfulhands with backachesand painful
necks.
(3)Asthecarsovertakeyou,theyaretemporarily
outsideyourfieldofvision.
(4)Hehadaclearvisionofhow hehopedthe
companywoulddevelop.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)Weneedaleaderwithvisionandstrongprinciples.
我们需要一位有远见、坚守原则的领导.
4.attheedgeof在的边缘
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Thisvastdishalsohastheabilitytoexplore
regionsofspacebilionsoflightyearsaway,right
attheedgeofthevisibleuniverse.
这个巨大的盘子也有能力探索数十亿光年之外的
空间区域,就在可见宇宙的边缘.
①edgen. 边,边缘;锋,刃;优势
v. 缓慢地移动;给加边;险胜
②ontheedgeof 几乎;濒于;在边缘
onedge 紧张
taketheedgeoff 减轻
③edgein 插入(进)
edgeout 挤走(出);使失败;取代
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceof
cloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.
(3)Attheedgeoftheforest,thegirlwasbending
herkneesbyherbike.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)TheambitiousyoungmanedgedouttheforG
mermanager.
那个雄心勃勃的年轻人取代了原来的经理.
5.setfooton进入,访问,参观
▶ [教材对接]
(1)EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootonthe
Moonbackon20July1969,peoplehavebecome
accustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.
自1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗首次登月
以来,人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念.
standononesownfeet 自立,独立
struggletoonesfeet 挣扎着站起来
risetoonesfeet/gettoonesfeet起立
underonesfeet 阻碍,妨碍(工作等),碍手碍脚
thinkononesfeet 思维敏捷,反应迅速
berushedoffonesfeet 忙得不可开交
[基础练通] 用foot的相关短语填空
(2)Bilionsofforeignerslongingforwealthset
footon/inthecoastalareatotrade.
(3)Thisisaverydemandingjobandyouneedto
thinkonyourfeet.
(4)Thoughhewasbadlyinjured,hestruggledto
hisfeetandcontinuedtofightagainsttheenemy.
(5)Whenthe meeting wasatanend,theyal
rose/gottotheirfeetandleft.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(6)Nomanhaseversetfootonthatrockyisland;
itsimpossibletolandthere.
没人涉足过那个岩石岛,在那儿上岸是不可能的.
6.unexceptionaladj.平常的
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Folowingthe Moonlandings,spacetravel
rapidlybecameunexceptionaltothepublic,asinG
novationssucceededeachother.
登月之后,由于创新层出不穷,太空旅行对公众来
说迅速变得寻常.
①exceptionaladj. 异常的;优秀的
②exceptionalyadv. 异常地
③exceptionn. 例外
withtheexceptionof除之外,不包括
withoutexception 一律;无例外地
④exceptprep. 除之外
conj. 除了
853
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Withtheexceptionofusingasmal microwave
oven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotperG
mittedtocookintheirrooms.
(3)Except(exception)forsomestumbles,Chrisis
doingamazinglywel.
(4)Shedefendedherpositionexceptionaly(excepG
tional)wel.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)Alstudentswithoutexceptionmusttakethe
Englishexamination.
所有学生都必须参加英语考试,无一例外.
7.takeonesplace名副其实;就位;代替
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Ithasnowbeenover30yearssincethelossof
Challengerandalthoughthelivesofitscrewwere
cuttragicalyshort,theytaketheirplacealongside
theotherheroesofspaceexploration,suchasGagarin,
Tereshkova,ArmstrongandYangLiwei.
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了.虽然“挑战
者”号的机组人员英年早逝,但他们与加加林、捷列
什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英
雄们一道,都在历史上占有一席之地.
takeplace 发生,进行
inplaceof 代替
inplace 在工作,准备就绪;在正确位置,准备妥当
inthefirstplace (用于句首)第一
outofplace 位置不当;不得体,不适当
[基础练通] 用place的相关短语填空
(2)EverythingseemstobeinplaceforasuccessG
fulpeaceconference.
(3)Tomwasonbusiness,soMarywasinplaceof
himtoarrangethemeetingwhichwouldtakeplacein
theircompany.
(4)“Pleasetakeyourplace,everyone,”saidJohn.
“Fromnowon,IwiltaketheplaceofMr.Wangasthe
chairmanofthemeeting.”
(5)Therestauranttakesitsplace/hastakenits
placeamongthefinestcateringestablishmentsin
thecity.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(6)HeisreadytotakehisplaceasoneofthefasG
testswimmersinhistory.
他已有望跻身有史以来游得最快的人之列.
[间考词汇———要知晓]
1.shadow阴影,影子
选词填空:shade/shadow/单句语法填空
(1)Standingintheshadeofthetree,Isawthat
thehousecastalongshadowontheground.
(2)Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown
shadow,whichfolowsyoueverywhereyougo
whenthereislight.
(3)HehasalwayslivedintheshadowofhisparG
ents.
(4)Thesunshonethroughtheleaves,casting
shadowsonthegrass.
(5)(20241月浙江卷)Instead,shefocusedon
reachingtheshadowcastonthetrackbyanoak
treeupahead.
2.gowrong出现问题;发生故障
用wrong的相关短语完成句子
(1)ItisobviousfromhisworriedlookthatsomeG
thingwentwrong(出现问题).
(2)Gettingoutofthecar,thedrivercheckedto
seewhethertherewassomethingwrong(出了毛
病)withthetyre.
(3)ThejudgedeclaredtherewasntenougheviG
dencetoprovethathewasinthewrong(应承担
责任).
3.inreality事实上,实际上
用reality的相关短语完成句子
(1)Healwaysseemssoconfident,butinreality
(实际上)hesextremelynervousduringsomeexG
ams.
(2)Peopleoftenhavedifficultyfacing/accepting
reality(面对现实)whenfurtherscientificdiscovG
erychalengeswhattheyhavepreviouslythought
tobesettledfacts.
(3)WestilhavealongwaytogobeforethissciG
encefictiondream becomesareality(变 成 一 个
现实).
4.lookbackto回顾,回忆
用look的相关短语完成句子
(1)Lookingbackto/on(回首)hisyouth,herealG
izedthatthepainshetookinSenior3 wereto
shapehisbrightfuture.
(2)Terry,pleaselookup(抬头往上看)fromyour
celphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.
(3)Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelast
night.Thepolicearenowlookinginto(调查)the
matter.
(4)—Dad,myteachersaysshedecidednotto
holdthepartyduetothecomingexamination.I
justcantunderstand.
—Youmustbedisappointed.YouhavebeenlooG
kingforwardto(盼望)it.
953
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
Withtheeyesofstudentsacrossthenationuponher,
shemighthaveinspiredanentirelynewgenerationof
astronautsandspacescientists.
当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时,她或许能激
发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家.
本句中 mighthaveinspired是“情态动词+have+
done”句式,是表示对过去动作的推测.
情态动词+havedone
对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
musthavedonesth.
“(过去)一定做了某事”;
语气比较肯 定;用 于 肯
定句.
can (could) have
donesth.
“本能够做某事”;用于否
定句和疑问句,表示对过
去发生的行为的怀疑或
不确定.
may (might)have
donesth.
“(过去)可能/也许做了
某事”;语气不确定;用于
肯定句和否定句.
[基础练通] 语段填空
(1)Lookingatthelargeemptyapartment,IbeG
cameawareofhowlonelymymothermusthave
been(一定也很)inBrazilherself.
(2)Theboymighthaveknown(也许知道了)the
truth,butIamnotquitesure.
(3)IdidntseeherinthemeetingroomthismornG
ing.Shecouldnthavespoken(不可能讲话)atthe
meeting.
(4)(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Evenworse,IhadunG
thinkinglyboughtwaytoo much;Icouldhave
made(本能做)sixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifLi
Changwasnotcomingtoeatinhisrestaurantas
healwaysdid.
如果李昌不像往常一样来他的餐馆吃饭,那肯定是
有可怕的事情发生了.
学生用书 P318
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.HavingnoalternativebuttosurrendertotherealG
ity,thatambitiousladycouldnthelpscreaming
(尖叫).
2.Theshipsetsailafteralthecrew(船员)cameon
board.
3.Thatprojectwassuspended(中止)forfinancial
crisisandturnedouttobeafailure.
4.Discriminationbetweengendercastsashadow(阴
影)ontheatmosphereofelection.
5.Afterretirementthemanlivedanunexceptional
(寻常的)life.
6.Thefactthatsomanypersonsobtainedthebonus
isawesome(了不起的).
Ⅱ.语境填空
1.LargeamountsofmoneyhavebeenusedtopurG
chasethisunexceptional(exceptional)product.
2.Theimmigrantshavebeenaccustomed(accustom)
tothelifeintropicalarea.
3.Tofinishthehazardous(hazard)task,hepracG
ticedagainandagain.
4.Tragicaly(tragic),theadoptedchildwasabused
byhisstepfather.
5.Frightenedbyabnormalbehaviourofherhusband,
sherushedoutoftheroom hurriedly,screaming
(scream)aloud.
6.Sofar,countlesssimulators(simulate)havebeen
usedtoanticipatewhattheclimatewilbelikein
thenext20years.
7.Theonesubmitting(submit)thisreportmustbea
highGlevelpotentialprofessor.
8.Hedashedoutoftheroominahurrytofetch
(fetch)thereadingbookswhichwereleftinthe
temple.
9.ThoseinvadershideintheundergrowththatisinG
visible(visible)toobservers.
10.Breathinginthesmel ofpepper,hecouldnt
helpsneezing(sneeze).
063
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
Ⅲ.选词填空
gowrong,castashadowon,setfooton,signup
for,becomeaccustomedto,attheedgeof
1.SomepeoplehasbecomeaccustomedtoInternet
banking,notinlineinbankexceptforVIPcusG
tomers.
2.Therelationshipstartedtogowrongwhenthey
movedabroad.
3.Jacksatattheedgeofthebed,talkingwithhis
mother.
4.YoucansignupforanappointmentonthesignGup
sheetoutsidethedoor,two30GminuteappointG
mentsperweekmaximum.
5.Itisbelievedthatanunhappychildhoodcasta
shadowononeswholelife.
6.Theoverseasareverygladtosetfootontheir
homeland.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.看到怪物,他双腿颤抖着往后退,害怕地尖叫.
Atthesightofthe monster,hesteppedbackG
wardswithlegstrembling,screamingwithterror.
2.由于缺乏资金和精力,他放弃了该项目.
HeabandonedtheprojectforlackofmoneyandenerG
gy.
3.毫无疑问他会被一所重点大学录取.
Thereisnodoubtthathewilbeadmittedtoakey
colege.
4.你也许已经在报纸上看到这个消息了.
Youmighthavereadthenewsinthenewspaper.
5.人们认为,你工作越努力,得到的结果就越好.
Itsbelievedthattheharderyouwork,thebetter
resultyouwilget.
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇).
EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootonthe
Moonbackon20July1969,people1.havebecome
(become)accustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.
2.Folowing(folow)theMoonlandings,space
travelrapidlybecameunexceptionaltothepublic.
WhentheChallengerspaceshuttletookoffon28
January1986,the worldseemedtohavelostits
wonderatthe3.amazing(amaze)achievementsofthe
astronautsinvolved.ItwasspecialbecauseChristaMcAuG
lifeaged37,4.whowasanordinaryteacherand
mother,wasabouttobecomethefirstcivilianin
space.
5.Tragicaly(tragic),sheneverreturnedtoher
classroomastheshuttleexplodedjustoveraminute
aftertakingoffinFlorida,andalsevenastronauts
onboard6.werekiled(kil).Theworldwentinto
shock.Itwasthe7.mostdisastrous(disaster)space
accidentever,anditcastashadow on peoples
hearts.
FolowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster,
spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythree
years.Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmanned
flights wouldcontinue,and8.on29 September
1988,thespaceshuttleprogrammeresumed with
thesuccessfullaunchofDiscovery.
Ithasnowbeenover30yearssincethelossof
Challengerandalthoughthe9.lives(life)ofitscrew
werecuttragicalyshort,theytaketheirplacealongG
sidetheotherheroesofspaceexploration.ThememG
oryofthosesevenwilliveforever,inspiringusto
jointheminhumanitysgreatestjourneyofexploraG
tionand10.discovery(discover).
Ⅱ.话题微写作(邮件)
假定你是李华,你校英语俱乐部将组织主题为
“遨游太空”的英文绘本制作大赛.请你给你的交换
生朋友 Grace写一封邮件,邀请她参加比赛.内容
包括:
1.比赛目的和时间;
2.作品要求;
3.邀请她参加比赛.
注意:写作词数应为80左右.
163
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
[参考范文]
DearGrace,
To develop studentsimagination,creativity
andabilitytoexpressthemselvesin English,the
EnglishClubisgoingtoorganizeanEnglishpicture
bookcontest,whosethemeisspacetravel.
Thecontestwillastfrom March5thtoApril
5th.Theparticipantsarerequiredtocreateapicture
bookwithafrontandbackcover,titlepageandtext
pages.Theworkcanbehandmadeordigital.
Ihopeyoucantakepartintheevent,andwe
cancoGcreateapicturebookifyoulike.Imlooking
forwardtoyourreply.
Yours,
LiHua
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(42)———增强表现力(二)
●[运用富有表现力的形容词和副词]
恰当地使用富有表现力的形容词和副词,能够使文
章更加丰富多彩,描写地更为准确,文章更有生机.
使用这些形容词和副词时,要注意把握这些词汇的
确切内涵,符合故事发展的内在逻辑.
●[佳句观摩]
1.他给了我一个灿烂的微笑,眼睛闪闪发光.
Hegavemeabrightsmile,withhiseyessparkling.
2.他点了点头,带着显然不情愿的神情.
Withapparentlyunwilingaffection,henodded.
3.我深情地凝视着他们渐渐远去的身影.
Igazedaffectionatelyattheirrecedingfigures.
4.拉斐尔带着自信的微笑向我们打招呼,并用一种磁
性的声音分享了他的故事,这让我很惊讶.
Greetinguswithaconfidentsmile,Rafaelshared
hisstoryinamagneticvoice,whichleftmesurG
prised.
●[好句仿写]
1.他不情愿地听我说,带着不耐烦的表情.
Withanimpatientlook,helistenedtomerelucG
tantly.
2.你应该珍惜和她在一起的每一刻.
Cherisheverysinglemomentwhenyoucanstay
withher.
3.他太激动了,紧紧抱着它,冲进了屋子.
Soexcitedwashethatheheldittightly,rushing
intothehouse.
4.拉斐尔转向我,要我给出书面解释,显然对周围出
现的混乱感到困惑.
Obviouslyconfusedatthesuddendisorderaround,RaG
faelturnedtomeforreasonsinwrittenwords.
学生用书 P319
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.IthoughtIsawafigurestandinginshadows.
n.昏暗处,阴暗处
2.Theyhadtosubmittoathoroughbodysearchat
theairport. v.服从
3.Theseancientcoinsfetchveryhighpricesthese
days. v.卖得
二、一词多义———根据语境选出shadow的含义
A.阴影 B.影子 C.跟踪 D.被阴影笼罩
1.Theshipssailcastashadowonthewater. B
2.HedidntwanttocastashadowontheirhappiG
ness. A
3.Inthiscasetheyweretobeshadowed. C
263
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养———Topic:探讨宇宙
◆真题文本 ◆真题再做
(2024北京卷)Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelsesvideogameis
irresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm “simulationhypothesis”(模拟假说)
returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputer
simulation—aconceptthatsomescientistsactualytakeseriously.UnfortuG
nately,thisisnotascientificquestion.WewilprobablyneverknowwhethG
eritstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.
The18thGcenturyphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimately
consistsofthingsGinGthemselvesthatareunknowable.WhileheheldthenoG
tionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryrolein
structuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthat
ourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofproG
cessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive(认知的)functionsinthebrain.No
oneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(实证的)
experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwontrevealrealityeithersinceit
reliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturaland
psychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.
So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewil
neverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftour
inquiryfrom “Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodelthe
universeasacomputersimulation? ”Modelingrealityiswhatwedo.TofaG
cilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptuG
almetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewtonsera,weimaginedthe
universeasaclock.InEinsteins,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofpartiG
cle(粒子)physics.
Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchas
thecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.UnG
surprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnew modelsoftheuniG
verse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingifthe
universeisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Althese
modelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthe
moretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.
Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientific
models,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphorGbasedmodelwilalG
sobeahugelyrewardingexercise.
1.WhatdoestheauthorinG
tendtodobychalenging
ahypothesis?
A.Makeanassumption.
B.Ilustrateanargument.
C.Giveasuggestion.
D.Justifyacomparison.
2.Whatdoesthephrase“conG
tingent on”underlined in
Paragraph2probablymean?
A.Acceptedby.
B.Determinedby.
C.Awakenedby.
D.Discoveredby.
3.AsforKantsargument,
theauthoris .
A.appreciative
B.doubtful
C.unconcerned
D.disapproving
4.Itisimpliedinthispassage
thatweshould .
A.comparethecurrentmodG
elswiththepreviousones
B.continueexploringthe
classicalmodelsinhisG
tory
C.stoparguing whether
theuniverseisasimuG
lation
D.turnsimulationsofthe
universeintorealitiesup
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文.文章主要讨论了
哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇
宙争论的看法.
1.C [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 一 段 “Searchingthe
term ‘simulationhypothesis’(模拟假说)returns
numerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverse
isacomputersimulation — aconceptthatsome
scientistsactualytakeseriously.Unfortunately,
thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewilprobably
neverknow whetheritstrue.Wecan,instead,
usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.(搜
索‘模拟假说’这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否
是计算机模拟的争论结果———一些科学家实际上
在认真对待这个概念.不幸的是,这不是一个科学
问题.我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的.相
反,我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识.)”可
知,作者对于模拟假说提出质疑,是为了提出自己
的建议,建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识.]
2.B [词句猜测题.根据第二段“Ifempirical(实证
的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoning
wontrevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconG
ceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,
culturalandpsychologicalhistories.(如果经验不
能揭示现实,推理也不会揭示现实,因为它依赖于
363
基础必备 选择性必修第四册
由我们的社会、文化和心理历史决定的概念和词
语.)”可知,句中that引导限制性定语从句,指代
先行词conceptsandwords,且结合常识,概念和词
语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史,推测划线
短语表示“取决于”,与determinedby意义相近.]
3.A [推理判断题.根据第二段“The18thGcentury
philosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultiG
matelyconsistsofthingsGinGthemselvesthatare
unknowable.WhileheheldthenotionthatobjecG
tiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecesG
saryroleinstructuringandshapingourpercepG
tions.(18世纪的哲学家康德认为,宇宙最终由不
可知的事物本身组成.虽然他认为客观现实是存
在的,但他说,我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感
知方面发挥着必要的作用.)”以及第三段“So,if
weacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealG
soacceptwewilneverknowifweliveinacomG
putersimulation.(因此,如果我们接受宇宙是不可
知的,我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活
在计算机模拟中.)”可知,作者引用康德的观点,并
在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述,由此
可知,作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度.]
4.C [推理判断题.根据第四段“Thereisnopoint
inarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofpartiG
clesoranoutputofcomputation.Althesemodels
aretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomake
discoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themore
effectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.(争论宇宙
是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是
没有意义的.所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和
发现事物的工具.我们拥有的工具越多,我们就能
变得越有效、越有洞察力.)”以及第五段“Itcanbe
imaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildG
ing previous scientific models,developing the
‘computersimulation’metaphorGbasedmodelwil
alsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.(可以想象,与
之前构建科学模型的过程相比,开发基于‘计算机
模拟’隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作.)”
可知,作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的,这是没有
意义的,我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟,而应
该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解,这样会
更有助于科学的进步.]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.acomputersimulation 计算机模拟
2.returnnumerousresults 返回大量结果
3.advancescientificknowledge 发展科学知识
4.playanecessaryrolein 发挥着必要的作用
5.failtorevealreality 未能揭示现实
6.modeltheuniverse 模拟宇宙
7.liveinacomputersimulation
生活在计算机模拟中
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.notionn. 概念,观念
2.objectiveadj. 客观的,基于事实的
3.conceptn. 概念
4.facilitatev. 促进,使便利
5.informationn. 信息
6.comparableadj. 类似的,可比较的
7.particlen. 粒子
8.insightfuladj. 富有洞察力的
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上)
1.stage
A.阶段 B.舞台 C.上演
①Thewaychildrentalkaboutorexpresstheir
feelingsdependsontheirageandstageofdevelopG
ment. A
②Theroadcrewneededmorethan24hoursto
moveandrebuildthestageafteraconcert. B
2.model
A.模型 B.模特儿 C.模式 D.典型
①Themodelgoestothegymforaworkoutfive
timesaweek. B
②Iwil bringJohntothestage.Heisagood
model. D
③Theheadteacherletusmakeaplanemodel.
A
◆长句缩写
1.Searchingtheterm “simulationhypothesis”(模拟
假 说 )returns numerous results that debate
whethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation-a
conceptthatsomescientistsactualytakeseriously.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
Searchingtheterm “simulationhypothesis”(模拟
假说)returns (numerous )results [thatdebate
whethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation —
(aconceptthatsomescientistsactualytakeseriG
ously)].
[句子缩写] Searchingtheterm “simulationhyG
pothesis”(模拟假说)returnsresults.(不超过10
个单词)
2.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehave
newconceptssuchasthecomputer,information
processing,virtualreality,andsimulation.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
(Nowthatweareintheinformationage),we
have(new)concepts(suchasthecomputer,inforG
mationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulaG
tion).
[句子缩写] Wehaveconcepts.(不超过 10 个
单词)
463
高考总复习 英语(外研版)