内容正文:
词块背诵 佳句赏析
1.introuble 处于困境,惹麻烦
2.atcertaintimesoftheyear
在每年的特定时间
3.alonganddifficultjourney
一段漫长而艰难的旅程
4.asbusyasabee 忙得不可开交
5.raincatsanddogs 下倾盆大雨
6.recoverfromtheshock
从震惊中恢复过来
7.showrespecttoalanimals尊重所有动物
8.kiltwobirdswithonestone 一石二鸟
1.Amotherdeerwithahugepairofdeerhornsappearedin
frontofhim,withababyfawnlyingonthedryground.
一只小鹿躺在干燥的地面上,一只长着一对巨大鹿角的鹿
妈妈出现在他面前.
2.Itwasonthatdaythatthecatbecamepartofourfamily.It
wasagiftfarbeyondanythingIcouldhaveimagined.
就在那一天猫成了我们家庭的一部分,这是一份我想不到
的礼物.
3.Wesattogetherwaitingforshelterworkers,whilethedog
didntmoveexcepttolickmyface.
我们一起坐着等着收容所的工作人员,而我的小狗一动不
动,除了舔我的脸.
学生用书 P33
[Part1 巧记课标单词]
写
作
单
词
|
悉
其
识
1.seekv. 寻找,寻求
2.measurev. 量,测量
3.positionn. 位置
4.crashv. 暴跌
5.percentn. 百分比
6.destroyv. 破坏,毁掉
7.authorityn. 当权,权力
8.sourcen. 来源,出处
9.foundv. 创立,创建
10.buttonn. 按钮
11.recoverv. 恢复
12.varietyn. 多样化,变化
13.pathn. 小径,小道
14.eventualyadv. 终于,最终
拓
展
单
词
|
通
其
用
1.annualadj.每年的;按年度计算的n.年刊;年鉴→annualyadv.每年地;年度地→anniversaryn.周年
纪念
2.determinevt.决定;确定;下定决心→determinedadj.坚决的;有决心的→determinationn.决心
3.solutionn.解答;答案→solvev.解决;解答
4.survivevi.幸免;幸存;生还→survivaln.幸存;生还→survivorn.幸存者
5.effectn.效果;作用→effectiveadj.有效的;起作用的
6.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震
惊的
7.concentratevi.&vt.集中;聚集→concentrationn.集中
8.freezingadj.冰冻的;严寒的→freezev.冰冻→frozenadj.冻结的
9.imaginev.想象→imaginationn.想象;想象力→imaginativeadj.富有想象力的
阅
读
单
词
|
明
其
义
1.Atlanticadj. 大西洋的
2.whalen. 鲸
3.creaturen. 生物;动物
4.elementn. 基本部分,要素
5.perprep. 每个
6.filen. 档案
83
[Part2 闪记核心短语]
1.afteral 毕竟
2.cutdown 砍倒
3.makesure 确保
4.stareat 凝视,盯着看
5.ataspeedof 以一种速度
6.kiltwobirdswithonestone
一举两得,一箭双雕
7.insearchof 寻找,搜寻
8.holdyourhorses 慢点,别急
9.raincatsanddogs 下倾盆大雨
10.bravetheelements 不顾天气恶劣,冒着风雨
11.concentrateon 全神贯注于
[Part3 速记经典句式]
典型句式 教材原句
1.过去分词短语作后置定语
AteamofscientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizeman(由EliShlizeG
man领导的)attheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundthe
answer.
2.the+比较级...,the+比较级...
Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreater(越大)
thechanceitwilsurvive...
3.动词不定式作后置定语 Anotherreasontouseidioms(使用习语)isthattheyareconcise.
[Part4 积累联想拓展]
“悲喜”交加 al短语全接触
①sadness 悲哀;悲伤
②sorrow 悲伤;悲痛
③shock 震惊;惊愕
④depression 沮丧;抑郁
⑤happiness 高兴
①inal 总共;总计
②aboveal 首先;首要
③afteral 毕竟
④atal 究竟;到底
⑤notatal 根本不;别客气
学生用书 P34
[核心词汇———逐点清]
1.measurevt.测定;测量;有 长 (宽、高等)
n.尺寸;措施
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Itusesitseyesto measurethepositionof
thesun.
它用眼睛测量太阳的位置.
①bemeasuredby/in 用来衡量
②make...toonesmeasure
按某人的尺寸做
takemeasures(todosth.)
采取措施(做某事)
[基础练通] 用 measure的适当形式填空
(2)(20221月浙江卷)TheaveragepeakworkG
loadwasmeasuredat103watts.
(3)(2024全国甲卷)ThegovernmenthasstrugG
gledtocomeupwithmeasures(measure)toadG
dresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruG
ralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver.
[能力提升] 语段填空
(4)In mychildhood,myfamilyusedtobevery
poorsoIcouldntaffordtowearnewclothesmade
tomymeasure(为我量身定做的).ButIwasstil
veryhappybecauseIknewhappinessshouldntbe
measuredby/in(以来衡量)money.Nowits
timeformetotakemeasures(采取措施)tomake
myparentshappy.
93
基础必备 必修第一册
①measure表示“措施”时,常用其复数形式.
②measure表示“某物有长(宽、高等)”时,为
不及物动词,其后接表示事物长(宽、高等)的名
词,不用于被动语态和进行时态;如果此意义的
短语作后置定语,要用现在分词的形式.
2.determinevt.决定;确定;下定决心
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Thesetwopiecesofinformation—thetimeof
dayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky—alG
lowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.
这两条信息———一天的时间和太阳在天空中的位
置———使得蝴蝶能确定要走的路.
①bedeterminedtodosth. 决心做某事
②determinev. 下决心;查明;裁决
determinesb.todosth.
使某人下定决心做某事
determinetodosth. 决定做某事(动作)
determineon(doing)sth. 决定(做)某事
determinethat... 决心/决定
③determinationn. 决心
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Asaspecialeducation
teacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechalG
lengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdeG
termination(determine).
(3)(2024北京卷)OnceapairhasbeendeterG
mined(determine)tobesuitable,thestudentswil
becontactedindividualywithaspecialpermission
numbertoregisterfortheprogramme.
[能力提升] 句型转换
(4)Becausehewasdeterminedtomakeafortune,
hewenttoworkinagoldmine.
→Determinedtomakeafortune,hewenttowork
inagoldmine.
3.amazingadj.令人吃惊的;难以置信的
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarchs
amazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinseriG
oustrouble.
解开黑脉金斑蝶惊奇能力之谜,是在它陷入严重困
境的时候.
①amazedadj. 吃惊的
beamazedat/withsth.对某事吃惊
beamazedtodosth. 因做某事而吃惊
②amazementn. 吃惊
toonesamazement 令某人吃惊的是
inamazement 吃惊地,惊奇地
③amazevt. 使吃惊
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Hewasamazed(amaze)at
theresults.TheplantsandanimalsintheecoGmaG
chinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!
(3)(2022 新 高 考 Ⅱ 卷)Thisisanamazing
(amaze)program whereyoucanshareyourideas
withstudents.
[能力提升] 一句多译
他通过了考试,这使我们很惊讶.
(4)Itamazedusthathehadpassedthetest.(it作形式
主语)
(5)Whatamazeduswasthathehadpassedthe
test.(主语从句)
(6)Hehadpassedthetest,whichamazedus.(定
语从句)
形容词化的amazing表示“令人吃惊
的”,表示事物的特征,强调引起吃惊的感觉;形容
词化的amazed表示“吃惊的”,强调人内心的感
受.具 有 同 等 用 法 的 词 有:interest,frighten,
bore,admire等.
4.effectn.影响,结果
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Thenusethesentencestocompletethe“causeG
effect”flowcharts.
然后用这些句子完成“因果关系”的流程图.
①haveaneffecton/upon对有影响
bring/carry/put...intoeffect实施;使生效
come/gointoeffect开始生效;开始实施
takeeffect生效;开始实施
②affectv.影响
effectiveadj.有效的
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Bestofal,humorraisesyourenergy,andthat
canhaveaneffecton/uponeverythingyoudoat
school,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.
(3)TheagreementsignedbetweenthetwocompaG
nieslastweekwilcomeintoeffectsoon.
(4)(新高考Ⅰ卷)Someindividualsarebornwitha
giftforpublicspeaking.However,themajorityof
peopleareeffective(effect)speakersbecausethey
traintobe.
[能力提升] 同义句转换
(5)Sittingforalongtimeisbadforyourhealth.
→Sittingforalongtimehasabadeffectonyour
health.
04
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
5.insearchof寻找,搜寻
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Theymigratetofindfood,seekapartner,orin
searchofwarmerweather.
它们为了觅食、寻找伴侣或温暖的天气而迁徙.
①inonessearchfor 寻找
②searchv. 寻找,搜寻
search...for... 在搜寻
searchfor 寻找
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Thepolicesearchedthehouseforthelostjewelry.
(3)Manypeoplewenttosomebigcitiesinsearch
ofabetterlife.
(4)Thesearchforthemissingmanwasgivenup.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)Firefighterssearchedthebuildingsforsurvivors.
消防队员在建筑物里搜寻幸存者.
6.recoverfrom从中恢复过来
▶ [教材对接]
(1)WhenIrecoveredfromtheshock,Ilookedat
mycamera.
当我从震惊中缓过神来时,我看了看我的相机.
①recoveroneself 恢复健康,痊愈;清醒过来
②recoveryn. 恢复,痊愈;复兴,复苏
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)TheyoungmanwasverystrongandherecovG
eredfromacold.
(3)Theyoungboyhadaquickrecovery(recover)
fromhiscold.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)Theplayerisundergoodtreatmentandthe
chancesarethathewilrecoverfromhisinjuryin
timeforthenextgame.
这个球员正在接受良好的治疗,他将有可能及时摆
脱伤病,参加下一场比赛.
7.varietyn.变化;多样性;种类
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Astheworldsfirstnationalpark,Yelowstone
isfamousforthevarietyofitswildlife,butitis
probablybestknownforitsbears.
作为世界上第一个国家公园,黄石国家公园因其种
类繁多的野生动植物而闻名,但最出名的可能是它
的熊.
①avarietyof(varietiesof)各种各样的
②varyv. 变化;不同;变更;改变
varywith 随而变化
varyfrom 不同于
varyin 在方面不同,有差异
varyfrom...to... 由到情况不等
③variousadj. 各种各样的;多方面的
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)(2024北京卷)Thesimilarityofmoralvirtues
acrossculturesisstriking,eventhoughtherelaG
tiverankingofthevirtuesmayvary(variety)with
asocialgroupshistoryandenvironment.
(3)(2022全国甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldining
etiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,butthey
areimportantinvarious(variety)countries.
(4)(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Thereasonsrelatetoa
variety(various)offactors,includingreduced
concentration,anentertainmentmindset(心 态)
andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigG
italcontent.
[能力提升] 语段填空
(5)Today,peoplefrom variousculturesgettoG
getherhappily.Theyvaryinlanguage.Though
theyalagreethatculturesvaryfromonecountry
toanother,theyalthinkthattherearestilavariG
etyofsimilaritiesinit.
今天,来自不同文化背景的人们欢聚在一起.他们
在语言上有差异.尽管他们都同意一个国家的文
化与另一个国家的文化是不同的,但是他们认为在
文化方面仍然有许多共同之处.
①avarietyof/varietiesof后接复数名词作主语
时,谓语动词用复数形式.
②thevarietyof+复数名词,意为“的品种”,
作主语时谓语动词用单数形式.
8.accommodationn.住处,工作场所
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Ouraccommodationisperfect.
我们的住宿条件很好.
accommodatev. 容纳;向提供住处;适
应,顺应
accommodateto 适应
[基础练通] 写出下列黑体部分的含义
(2)Canwefindaccommodationsatahotelforthe
nightinthebusytourismseason? 住处
14
基础必备 必修第一册
(3)Somecreaturescouldntaccommodatetothe
changingconditionsanddiedout. 适应
(4)Thegaragecantaccommodatesomanycars.
容纳
(5)Mr.Brownwilaccommodateuswithuseofhis
housewhileweareabroad. 向提供住处
[能力提升] 完成句子
(6)ItincludesaroundGtripticket,hotelaccommoG
dationsandthreemealseachday.
它包括一张往返票、酒店住宿和一日三餐.
[间考词汇———要知晓]
1.seekv.(sought,sought)寻求,寻找;追求;探求;探索
单句语法填空
(1)Weareseekingtofind(find)awaytomakeus
getalongwel withthepeoplearoundus.
(2)Dontjustwaittobeinformed.Youshouldtry
toseekfortheinformationyouneed.
(3)ThestudentoftenseeksadvicefromtheteachG
eronhisstudy.
(4)(2022全国乙卷)Trytoseekoutchancesto
renewfriendships.
2.survivevt.幸存;幸免于难;比活得时间长
vi.幸存;存活
单句语法填空
(1)(2023北京卷)Thatproject,whichIcould
completefrom mysofainsteadofintheburning
heatofthedesert,notonlysurvived(survive)the
lockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidnt.
(2)Mr.Whitesurvivedhiswifeby9years.
(3)Manyofthepeasantsmanagedtosurviveon
tinyplotsofcornandbeans.
(4)Shewasthelastsurvivor(survive)ofthefamily.
3.concentratevt.专注,专心
单句语法填空
(1)Thelocalgovernmentshouldconcentrateon
doing(do)somemeaningfulthingstosatisfythe
people.
(2)Wemustconcentrateoureffortsonimproving
education.
(3)Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,depenG
dingonthetypeandconcentration(concentrate)
ofphytoplankton(浮游植物).
4.afteral 毕竟;终究
选词填空
atal,inal,afteral,aboveal,firstofal
(1)Thenumberofthefirstwomenpilotsis16
inal.
(2)Itisnotstrangethathecouldntwritehis
name;afteral,heisjust5yearsold.
(3)ThoughneartoLiuQian,hedidntmakeout
Liusmagicatal.
(4)Firstofal,letmesayhowgladIamtobehere
today.
(5)Wemustworkhard,andabovealwemustbeG
lievethateachofusisabletodosomethingwel.
1.AteamofscientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizerG
manattheUniversityof Washingtonhasnow
foundtheanswer.
由华盛顿大学的EliShlizerman教授领导的一组
科学家现在已经找到了答案.
本句中过去分词短语ledby...作AteamofscienG
tists的后置定语.
①过去分词作定语表示动作与被修饰名词或代词
是被动关系;现在分词作定语表示动作与被修饰
名词或代词是主动关系.
②分词短语作定语常后置,修饰前面的名词,相当
于一个定语从句.
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(1)(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteersaged(age)10
andoverarewelcome.
(2)(20231月浙江卷)Lastweek,inapublicdeG
bateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcaled
(cal)ProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,
includingNoaOvadia,IsraelsformernationaldeG
batingchampion.
(3)(全国 Ⅱ 卷)Buttheamountoftimespent
(spend)inreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,from
closertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhour
persession.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)Somepeopleinvitedtothepartyarefamous
poets.
被邀请到派对的一些人是著名诗人.
2.Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,the
greaterthechanceitwilsurvive...
我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多,它生存的可
能性就越大
本句用了“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句
型;表示“越就越”.前面的句子用一般
现在时,后面的句子用一般将来时或一般现在时;
或者前后的句子都用一般过去时.
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(1)(2023全国甲卷)Youlsoonfindthatthe
more(much)patienceyoupractice,themoreyou
starttoapplyittoother moreannoyingsituaG
tions.
(2)(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingabout
thespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,
thehotter(hot)thespring!
24
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
(3)Themoreyoupracticesomething,thebetterat
ityouwilbecome(become).
(4)(2022全国甲卷)Themoretimeyouspendin
anygivencountry,themorecomfortable(comfortG
able)youlbegintofeelwithitsforeigncultural
practices.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)(2024北京卷)Andthemoretoolswehave,
themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.
我们拥有的工具越多,我们就能变得越有效和更有
洞察力.
学生用书 P37
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Sometimesapersonmaybeinaposition(位置)
wherehehastorejectotherpeoplescriticismand
sticktohisownideas.
2.Iamdetermined(决定)togetaticketfortheconG
certevenifitmeansstandinginalinealnight.
3.Icannotclearlyhearwhattheprofessor(教授)
saysasthereistoomuchnoise.
4.Ourbadlivinghabits wil destroy(破 坏)the
earth.Onlybychanginghowwelivecanwesave
theearth.
5.Thehappyscene(情景)ofchildrenplayinginthe
gardenremindedhimofhischildhood.
6.Takethismedicinesothatyoucanrecover(康复)
soon.
Ⅱ.语境填空
1.Isuggesthighschoolsshouldtakemeasuresto
ban(ban)studentsfromsmoking.
2.Bydoingso,theyhelpedraisetheenvironmental
awareness(aware).
3.Sinceso manyspecieshavebeendestroyed,we
havetoprotecttheonesthatarestil withus.
4.Mr.Whitescarwasdestroyed(destroy)inaflood.
5.CostaRicaisthebestknownforitsbeautifulbeaches.
6.If(hewas)foundguilty,Jonescouldfaceupto20
yearsinjail.
7.Theroadisnotsmooth,butyoucaneasilydriveat
aspeedof50km/h.
8.Withthesunbeginningtoset,westilhadtocovG
er50kilometres.
9.Sheturnedquicklyaway,andthenstaredbackat
himforamoment.
10.Howlongdoesitusualytakeyoutorecover
fromthisterriblesituation?
Ⅲ.选词填空
afteral,cutdown,stareat,insearchof,ataspeed
of,holdoneshorses
1.Pleaseholdyourhorsesbeforeyougetmadatme.
2.Dontbelievetheadvertisement.Afteral,itisthe
customerswhopayforwhateveryouaregiven.
3.Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestopping
cuttingdowntreestobettertheenvironment.
4.Ourphysicsteachersaidthatlighttravelsata
speedofabout300,000kmpersecond.
5.Alotofpeopledivedintothelakeinsearchofthe
lostdiamondring.
6.Childrenshouldbetaughtnottostareatorlaugh
atthedisabledpeople.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.她张了张嘴,好像要说什么.
Sheopenedhermouthasiftosaysomething.
2.你越小心,你犯的错就会越少.
Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou
wil make.
3.使我们吃惊的是,社交网络发展的如此之快.
Whatamazesusisthatthedevelopmentofsocial
networkingissofast.
4.两年前建的这座桥是世界第二长桥.
ThebridgebuilttwoyearsagoisthesecondlonG
gestintheworld.
5.他和父母都出去寻找丢失的狗了.
Heandhisparentsal wentoutinsearchofthe
lostdog.
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇).
Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanother
atcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisannualmovement
1.iscaled(cal)migration.OneofthemostwonderG
fulmigrationsin natureis2.thatofthe North
Americanmonarchbutterfly.Everyautumn,3.milG
lions(milion)ofthesebeautifulinsectsbeginalong
anddifficultjourney.Somehowtheymanagetofind
4.their(they)waytoCaliforniaorMexico.HowevG
er,until5.recently(recent)nooneknewhowthey
didthis.Somescientistsnowhavefoundoutthatthe
monarchisabletotelthetimeofdayandmeasure
thepositionofthesun,whichalowsthebutterfly
6.todetermine(determine)thewaytogo.ThesoluG
tiontothemysteryofthemonarchsamazingability
comesatatime7.whenitisinserioustrouble.SadG
ly,itspopulation8.hascrashed(crash)byasmuch
as90percentinthelastfewyearsbecauseofhuman
activity.Theresearchhashoweverledto9.agreater
awarenessofthiscreature.Themoreweknowabout
thislovely creature,the 10.greater(great)the
chanceitwilsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenatural
worldforalongtimetocome.
34
基础必备 必修第一册
Ⅱ.话题微写作(投稿)
假定你是李华,你校将以“保护野生动物”为主
题,举办英语征文比赛.请你写一篇短文投稿,内容
包括:
1.野生动物的现状;
2.保护野生动物的重要性;
3.保护野生动物的措施.
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.尽量使用本单元知识点.
[参考范文]
Asisknowntous,somewildanimalsareinseG
rioustroublenowadays,whosehabitatsarebeing
destroyed.To makeit worse,thepopulation of
someanimalshascrashedsharplyduetomanyfacG
tors,likeclimatechange,disastersaswelashuman
activities.
However,itsofsignificanceforustoprotect
wildanimalsbecausetheyarenotonlyessentialpart
ofthelivingenvironmentwherehumanslivein,but
alsoimportantnaturalresources.
Therefore,itshightimethatimmediateaction
shouldbetakentoworkouttheissue.Ontheone
hand,ourgovernmentshouldmakelawsandregulaG
tionstoprotectthem.Ontheotherhand,naturereG
servesshouldbesetuptomakesuretheyhaveasafe
habitat.Thelastbutnotleast,thepublicawareness
ofprotectingthewildanimalsshouldbefurtherimG
proved.
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(5)———“人物外貌”
●[多样表达]
1.handsomeadj.(男子)英俊的
2.prettyadj.漂亮的,俊俏的,清秀的
3.averageadj.普通的,平常的
4.agracefulfigure优美的身段
5.ashapelyfigure匀称的身材
6.askinnyfigure瘦削的身材
7.aslimfigure苗条的身材
8.awelGdevelopedfigure发育良好的身体
9.ahandsome/strikingfigure仪表堂堂
10.haveagoodfigure(人)形体很好
11.amanofaveragebuild中等身材的人
12.awelGbuiltman身材魁梧的人
13.ratherordinarylooking相貌很普通
14.clearblueeyes清澈的蓝眼睛
15.haveashoulderGlengthhairstyle留着齐肩发
16.averageface大众脸
17.haveaplainface相貌平平
18.beplainlydressed穿着朴素
●[佳句观摩]
1.我哥哥身材高大,穿着西服,打着领带,非常帅气.
Mybrotherwasabigman,smartlydressedinasuit
andtie.
2.她衣着朴素,粉黛不施.
ShewasplainlydressedandworenomakeGup.
3.他是一位和蔼善良的老人,留着灰白色的胡子,有
一双蓝色的眼睛和鸟儿都喜欢的声音.
Hewasanoldandkindmanwithgraybeard,blue
eyes,andavoicethatthebirdsloved.
●[好句仿写]
1.这个男人中等身材,灰褐色头发,长着一张过目即
忘的脸.
Themanwasofaveragefigure,withmousyhair
andaforgettableface.
2.汤姆是个身材修长、皮肤黝黑的帅小伙.
Tomwasaslimanddarklyhandsomeyoungman.
3.格雷琴,一个衣衫褴褛的小姑娘,并没有和其他人
争抢,而是一直谦卑地站在远处.
Gretchen,apoorlyGdressedlittlegirl,didnotquarG
relorstrugglewiththerest,butremainedstandG
ingmodestlyinthedistance.
学生用书 P39
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe
Ghostsof EmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalks
aboutaroadtripfrom TashkenttoKarakalpakG
stan,wheremilionsofliveshavebeendestroyed
bytheslowdryingupofthesea. vt.杀死
2.MyheartfrozeinmychestasIsawthetractor
headingtowardsthemotorway.
vi.(因害怕等)吓呆了
3.(2024北京卷)Theycomedownsquarelyonone
sideortheotherandfulysupporttheirposition.
n.立场
二、一词多义———根据语境选出crash的含义
A.碰撞,坠落,坠毁 B.暴跌 C.崩溃 D.破产
1.SharepricescrashedtoanalGtimelowyesterday.
B
2.Filescanbelostifthesystemsuddenlycrashes.
C
3.Theimpactofcrashhurtledthedriveragainstthe
windshieldofthecar. A
44
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养———Topic:数字生物多样性记录存在偏见
◆真题文本 ◆真题再做
(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarth
beforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecolectG
edbilionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenin
theformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughthey
areusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesin
anarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnot
perfect.
“WiththeriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobserG
vationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”said
BarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofesG
sorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.
“Theseobservationsnow outnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes
fromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusing
observationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobal
change,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”
Usingaglobaldatasetof19bilionrecordsofplants,insects,
birds,andanimals,DaruandhisteamtestedhowwelthesedatareG
presentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.
“WewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamG
plingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodof
acitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthe
grassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.
TheirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservationGonly
recordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedata
arebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.This
makessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydaG
taon mobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirenG
counterswithspeciesinareasnearby.ThesedataarealsobiasedtoG
wardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreyeGcatchingfeatures.
Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?
“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseour
studyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemto
places-andevenspecies-thatarenotwelGsampled.Toimprovethe
qualityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageusG
erstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimG
age.”
1.WhatdoweknowaboutthereG
cordsofspeciescolectednow?
A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.
B.Theyaremostlyinelectronic
form.
C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.
D.TheyareusedforpublicexhiG
bition.
2.WhatdoesDarusstudyfocuson?
A.Threatenedspecies.
B.Physicalspecimens.
C.Observationaldata.
D.Mobileapplications.
3.WhathasledtothebiasesacG
cordingtothestudy?
A.Mistakesindataanalysis.
B.PoorqualityofuploadedpicG
tures.
C.Improperwayofsampling.
D.UnreliabledatacolectiondeG
vices.
4.Whatis Darussuggestionfor
biodiversityapps?
A.ReviewdatafromcertainareG
as.
B.HireexpertstocheckthereG
cords.
C.Confirm theidentityofthe
users.
D.GiveguidancetocitizenscienG
tists.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
斯坦福大学的一项研究发现,数字生物多样性记录存
在偏见,建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的
数据.
1.B [细节理解题.根据第一段“Today,mostreG
cordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphoG
tos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.(今天,大多
数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字
记录的形式出现.)”可知,现在收集的物种记录大
多是以电子形式存在的.]
2.C [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 二 段 “TheseobservaG
tionsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes
fromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweare
increasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigate
howspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,I
wantedtoknow:Aretheyusable? (这些观察结果
现在超过了来自实体标本的原始数据,而且由于我
们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对
全球 变 化,我 想 知 道:它 们 有 用 吗?)”和 第 四 段
54
基础必备 必修第一册
“‘Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringthe
aspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)
data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscienG
tisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadof
thegrassrightnexttoit,’saidDaru.(Daru说‘我
们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的
方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照
片,而不是它旁边的草’.)”可知,Daru的研究聚焦
于观察数据,即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察
数据.]
3.C [细节理解题.根据第四段“‘WewereparticuG
larlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamG
plingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethe
greaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakea
pictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrass
rightnexttoit,’saidDaru.(Daru说‘我们特别感
兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面,比如
公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是
它旁边的草’.)”以及第五段“ThismakessensebeG
causethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversiG
tydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscienG
tistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinarG
easnearby.(这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获
得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家,他
们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触.)”可知,
导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当.]
4.D [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 最 后 一 段 “Biodiversity
appscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof
oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—and
evenspecies—thatarenotwelGsampled.ToimG
provethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversiG
tyappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpert
confirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.
(生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来
告知用户哪些区域被过度采样,并将他们引导到未
充分采样的地方,甚至是寻找未充分采样的物种.
为了提高观测数据的质量,生物多样性应用程序还
可以鼓 励 用 户 让 专 家 确 认 他 们 上 传 的 图 像 的 身
份.)”可知,Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民
科学家提供指导.]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.colectbilionsofrecords 收集了数十亿份记录
2.intheformof 以形式
3.withtheriseoftechnology 随着科技的兴起
4.withtheaidof 借助于,通过的帮助
5.takeapictureof 拍一张照片
6.leadtobetterglobalcoverage
导致更好的全球覆盖范围
7.improvethequalityofobservationaldata
提高观测数据的质量
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.documentn. 文件;(计算机)文档
2.biodiversityn. 生物多样性
3.biologyn. 生物学
4.observationaladj. 观察的
5.datasetn. 资料
6.likelihoodn. 可能性
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填在横线上)
1.shift
A.改变 B.自己谋生 C.转换 D.变速
①Weneedtoshiftthefocusofthisdebate.
C
②Whentheirfatherdiedlastyear,thechildren
hadtoshiftforthemselves. B
③Publicattitudestowardsmarriagehaveshifted
overthepast50years. A
2.aspect
A.方面 B.面貌 C.方位 D.方向
①ThecountrysindustryisassuminganewasG
pect. B
②Thebookaimstocoveralaspectsofcitylife.
A
③Thefutureresearchaspectaboutthesystemis
given. D
◆长句缩写
IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeG
foretheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscienG
tistshavecolectedbilionsofrecords.
[句子剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
[Intheracetodocumentthespecies(onEarth)
(beforetheygoextinct)],researchersand (citiG
zen)scientistshavecolected(bilionsof)records.
[句子缩写] ResearchersandscientistshavecolG
lectedrecords.(不超过10个单词)
64
高考总复习 英语(外研版)