课时冲关18 Unit 9 Human Biology-【创新教程】2026年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版2019）

课时冲关１８　UNIT９　HUMANBIOLOGY学生用书　P２９１ Ⅰ．阅读理解 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:独角鲸 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 　　Ofalthecreaturesontheplanet,thenarＧ whalisoneofthestrangestlooking．It􀆳sawhale whichhasalargeprotrudingtuskcomingoutof itshead;that􀆳showitgotitsnickname,theuniＧ cornofthesea．TheyliveintheArcticOceanoff thecoastofCanada,RussiaandEastGreenland． However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarＧ whalcouldbeextinctby２０２５,andit􀆳salbecause ofnoisepolution． Narwhalsrelyonecholocation,whichthey usetofindfoodandnavigatetheirsurroundings． Theanimalproducesasoundwavewhichbounces offanobject．Theypickthisreflectedsoundup throughtheirlowerjaw,andinformationonfeaＧ tureslikesizeandspeedpassestotheirears． However,increaseinhuman marineactivity,as welasclimatechange,hasresultedintheArctic Oceanbecomingnoisier,which meansit􀆳smore difficultfornarwhalstorelyonsound．Susanna Blackwel,whostudiestheeffectsofunderwater noiseonmarineanimals,toldtheBBCthatthere isnoisieractivityintheArcticOceanthanever because,asseaicemelts,newnavigationroutes areopening．And whileicebergsbreakingand creakinghavebeenpartoftheoceansoundscape forhundredsofyears,manＧmadenoiseismuch harderforanimalstoadaptto,particularlyas thesechangesaresosudden． ResearchpublishedinScienceAdvancesin ２０２３recordedthereactionsofnarwhalstothe simulated (模 拟 的)noisesofoilexpeditions madebyapatrolvessel(巡逻船)．Thescientists taggedandtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat, onhearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdives andstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignalthey useforfindingfoodunderwater．Thisisthesame reactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,whohuntthem, meaning humanＧmade noise could trigger the creature􀆳s“threatbutton”． So,whatcan wedo? CharlotteFindlay,a postdoctoralfelow at Aarhus University,says “noiseisactualyquiteeasytosolve．Weneedto eitherturnitofforturnitdown．” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍 了独角鲸这一动物,阐述了它们的生活习性、生存 现状以及所面临的威胁,特别是人为噪音对它们 生存的影响. １．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenarwhalfromthe firstParagraph? A．Ithasalargetuskfromitsjaw． B．Itcurrentlyfacestheriskofdyingout． C．Itlivesinthesouthernhemisphere． D．Itsoundsdiferentfromotherwhales． 解析:B　[细节理解题.根据第一段中“HowＧ ever,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhal couldbeextinctby２０２５,andit􀆳salbecauseof noisepolution．(然而,专家表示,到２０２５年,一 些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝,这都是因为噪音污 染.)”可知,独角鲸目前面临着灭绝的危险.] ２．WhatdoesSusannaBlackwel􀆳sstudyshow? A．Narwhalsnavigatetheirsurroundingsby echolocation． B．Seaicemeltingmakestheoceannoisierthan ever． C．ManＧmadenoisehasagreaterimpactonmaＧ rineanimals． D．Narwhalsarenotusedtoicebergsbreaking andcreaking． 解析:C　[细节理解题.根据第二段中“SusanＧ naBlackwel,whostudiestheeffectsofunderＧ waternoiseon marineanimals,toldtheBBC thatthereisnoisieractivityintheArcticOcean thaneverbecause,asseaicemelts,newnavigaＧ tionroutesareopening．And whileicebergs 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰７４３􀅰 基础必备　选择性必修第三册 breakingandcreakinghavebeenpartoftheoＧ ceansoundscapeforhundredsofyears,manＧ madenoiseismuchharderforanimalstoadapt to,particularlyasthesechangesaresosudden． (SusannaBlackwel 研究水下噪音对海洋动物 的影响,她告诉BBC,北冰洋的活动比以往任何 时候都要嘈杂,因为随着海冰融化,新的航行路 线正在开辟.数百年来,冰山破裂和吱吱作响 一直是海洋声景的一部分,但人造噪音对动物 来说更难适应,尤其是这些变化太突然了.)”可 知,SusannaBlackwel 的研究显示人造噪音对 海洋动物的影响更大.] ３．Whatdoestheresearch mentionedin ParaＧ graph３imply? A．Apatrolvesselwasappliedintheresearch． B．Orcasarethenaturalenemytonarwhals． C．NoiseswouldchangetheecholocationsigＧ nal． D．Scientiststaggednarwhalsunderthewater． 解析:C　[推理判断题.根据第三段“Research publishedinScienceAdvancesin２０２３recorＧ dedthereactionsofnarwhalstothesimulated (模拟的)noisesofoilexpeditionsmadebya patrolvessel(巡 逻 船)．Thescientiststagged andtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat,on hearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdives andstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignal theyuseforfindingfoodunderwater．Thisis thesamereactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,who huntthem,meaninghumanＧmadenoisecould triggerthecreature􀆳s‘threatbutton’．(２０２３年 发表在«科学进展»上的一项研究记录了独角鲸 对巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声的反应.科学家 们对这些生物进行了标记和追踪,发现它们听 到这些声音后,会结束深潜,停止发出点击声, 即它们在水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号.这 是独角鲸对捕食它们的逆戟鲸做出的同样反 应,这意味着人为制造的噪音可能会触发这种 生物的‘威胁按钮’.)”可知,巡逻船模拟的石油 勘探噪声会让独角鲸结束深潜,停止发出水下 觅食时使用的回声定位信号.由此推知,本段 暗示了噪音会改变回声定位信号.] ４．What􀆳sthebesttitleforthepassage? A．Survivalof Narwhalthreatened by manＧ madenoise B．ExpertspredictingtheextinctionofthenarＧ whal C．New research set to solve underwater noisepolution D．Narwhalpopulationaffectedbyunderwater noisepolution 解析:A　[主旨大意题.纵观全文,尤其是第一 段中 “However,expertssaysomepopulations ofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby２０２５,andit􀆳sal becauseofnoisepolution．(然而,专家表示,到 ２０２５年,一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝,这都是因 为噪音污染.)”可知,文章主要讲述了人为噪音 对独角鲸生存的威胁.所以 A 项“Survivalof NarwhalthreatenedbymanＧmadenoise(人 造 噪音威胁独角鲸的生存)”是本文的最佳标题.] 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 Ⅱ．语法填空 主题语境:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:建设多个海湾的计划 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 Chinaplanstobuildmorebeautiful baystoimprovemarineecology China hasstepped upitsconstruction of “beautifulbays”in１．　　　　efforttoconserve itsmarineecologyandenvironment． The MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment hasissuedaplan２．　　　　 (build)morethan １１０baysacrossthecountryby２０２７．Thesebays wilachieveharmonybetweenpeopleandthemaＧ rineenvironment,withtheministrynotingthat “clearwaterandclean３．　　　　 (beach),andshoals offishandflocksofseabirds”wilbeseen． The１１０figureswilaccount４．　　　　about ４０percentofChina􀆳smajorbays,accordingtothe ministry．TheplanalsosetsthegoaloftransforＧ mingsevencities,includingXiamen,into model zones５．　　　　alcoastalareascanbeclassed asbeautifulbays． 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰８４３􀅰 高考总复习　英语(BS) Itdetailsthreetasks,includingtheprotecＧ tionand６．　　　　 (restore)oftypicalmarine ecosystems,andtheimprovementofkeysewage outletsthatemptyintothesea．Theministrysaid thatChina􀆳slongＧtermgoalistobuildal２８３of ７．　　　　 (it)majorbaysintobeautifulbays by２０３５,withthatfigureincludingthe１１０outＧ linedintheplan． Inrecentyears,China８．　　　　 (channel) increasedenergyintotheprotectionofitsmarine ecologyandenvironmentaspartofitseffortsto promotetheconstructionofabeautifulChina． TherevisedMarineEnvironmentProtectionLaw cameintoforceonJan．１,２０２４,９．　 　 　 　 (strengthen)theaccountabilityoflocalgovernＧ mentsandcreatingnew systems,includingzoning managementand１０．　 　 　 　 (comprehension) controlsystems． [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文.文章主要说明了 生态环境部发布了到２０２７年在全国建设１１０多 个海湾的计划.这些海湾将实现人与海洋环境的 和谐,环境部指出,“清澈的海水和干净的海滩,鱼 群和成群的海鸟”将会出现. １．an　[考查冠词.句意:中国加大“美丽海湾”建 设力度,保护海洋生态环境.固定短语inanefＧ fortto表示“企图”.故填an.] ２．tobuild　[考查非谓语动词.句意:生态环境部 发布了到２０２７年在全国建设１１０多个海湾的 计划.名词“plan”后跟不定式作后置定语.故 填tobuild.] ３．beaches　[考查名词的数.句意:这些海湾将实 现人与海洋环境的和谐,环境部指出,“清澈的 海水和干净的海滩,鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出 现.根据后文“andshoalsoffishandflocksof seabirds”可知,数量大于一,应用复数形式.故 填beaches.] ４．for　[考查介词.句意:据该部称,１１０个数字 将占中国主要海湾的４０％左右.固定短语acＧ countfor表示“占比”.故填for.] ５．where　[考查定语从句.句意:该计划还设定 了将包括厦门在内的七个城市转变为示范区的 目标,在这些示范区中,所有沿海地区都可以被 归类为美丽海湾.此处是限定性定语从句,先 行词 是 modelzones,关 系 词 在 从 句 作 地 点 状 语,应用关系副词 where引导.故填 where.] ６．restoration　[考查名词.句意:它详细说明了 三项任务,包括保护和恢复典型的海洋生态系 统,改善流入海洋的主要排污口.此处作介词 的宾 语,应 用 名 词 restoration,不 可 数.故 填 restoration.] ７．its　[考查代词.句意:该部表示,中国的长期 目标是到２０３５年将所有２８３个主要海湾建设 成美丽海 湾,其 中 包 括 计 划 中 概 述 的 １１０ 个. 此处 修 饰 名 词 bays,应 用 形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词 its.故填its.] ８．haschanneled　[考查动词的时态.句意:近年 来,中国加大海洋生态环境保护力度,积极推进 美丽中国建设.根据上文Inrecentyears可知, 应用现在完成时,主语为 China,助动词用has. 故填haschanneled.] ９．strengthening　[考查非谓语动词.句意:修订 后的«海洋环境保护法»于２０２４年１月１日起 施行,强化了地方政府问责制,并建立了分区管 理、综 合 治 理 等 新 制 度.此 处 strengthen 与 Therevised Marine Environment Protection Law 构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语.故 填strengthening.] １０．comprehensive　[考查形容词.句意:修订后 的«海洋环境保护法»于２０２４年１月１日起施 行,强化了地方政府问责制,并建立了分区管 理、综合 治 理 等 新 制 度.此 处 修 饰 名 词 sysＧ tems,应用形容词comprehensive,作定语.故 填comprehensive.] 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰９４３􀅰 基础必备　选择性必修第三册 Ⅲ．读后续写 主题语境:人与社会 体裁:记叙文 话题:教导弟弟,诚实做人 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 　　Whenthenightfel,James,amiddleschool studentinLondon,draggedhistiredbodyhome． Inordertosave moneytobuyhimselfanew bike,hehadbeen workingatarestaurantfor overa monthduringthesummervacation．He hadalreadyearnedsomemoney．Withonemore week,hewouldhavehisdreambike． Enteringtheroom,Jamesfoundhisyounger brotherAdamsittingontheedgeofhisbedwithan uneasyexpressiononhisface．JamesstaredatAdam confusedly． “Sorry．Ididsomethingwrong,”Adamsaid, onthevergeoftears． “What􀆳sthematterwithyou?”Jamesasked． “ThisafternoonIwenttoplayfootbal on theroadoutsidethehouseandaccidentalyhit ourneighborMr．Black􀆳scar．Iwassoscaredand Ihurriedhomeinpanic withouttelinghim,” Adamsaid,fulofguilt． “Isthecarseriouslydamaged?”Jamescouldn􀆳t waittocontinueasking． “Thebalhitthecarbackandthetaillight gotbroken,”Adamsaidinalowvoice． “It􀆳strulyyourfault．It􀆳srealydangerous toplayfootbalontheroad．What􀆳sworse,you shouldn􀆳thavecomeback withoutteling Mr． Blackaboutit．Youaresuchanaughtyboy,” Jamesraisedhisvoice．Hearingthis,AdamlowＧ eredhisheadandbithislipshard．Jamesadded, “Anyway,it􀆳snevertoolatetomend．I’ltake youtohishousetomorrowtoapologize．Nowit􀆳s timetosleep．” When Adam wentbed,Jamescouldn􀆳tgoto sleephimself．Fatheralwaystoldhimtobehonest,to beaboyadmiredbythepeopleandtobeanexＧ ampleofhis brother． He wassorryfor his brother􀆳sbehavior．Heshouldn􀆳thaveblamedhis brotherafterhedidsomething wrong．Buthe couldunderstandhim．Anyway,Adam wasonly aboyofsevenand whathadhappenedrealy scaredhim．Butashiselderbrother,heshould payforitthoughthismightdelayhisplanofhavＧ ingthebike．“Nothingserious．Atworst,Ican takemoresummerjobs,”hesaidtohimself． 注意:１．续写词数应为１５０左右; ２．请按如下格式在相应位置作答. 　　Jamesgotupearlythenextmorning． 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　Mr．Blackwasalittlesurprisedtoseethe brothers． 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 [参考范文] 　　Jamesgotupearlythenextmorning．He toldAdam,“WeshouldgotoMr．Black􀆳shouse asearlyaspossibleandexplaintohim whathad happened．”Beforetheywentout,hetookoutal themoneyhehadearnedintherestaurantduring thesummerholiday．Adam knewthathisdear brotherwantedtopayforhisfault．Tearsfiled hiseyesbecauseheknewverywelhowmuchhis elderbrotherwantedtogetanew bikeandhe wasworkingonit． 　　Mr．Blackwasalittlesurprisedtoseethe brothers．“Mr．Black,I􀆳mheretomakeanapolＧ ogy,”saidJames．ThenhetoldMr．Blackwhat hadhappenedanddrewoutthemoneyfromhis pocket．“ThisisalthemoneyIhave．Iwonder ifitcanpayforyourloss,”hesaidsincerely． “Goodboys,Itrulyappreciateyourhonesty．Just forgetmycar．”Mr．Blackdeclinedtogetthe moneybutacceptedthebrothers􀆳suggestionsof doingsomeworkinhisgarden．WhatagoodreＧ sult! AdamregainedhishonestyandJamescould stilhavehisdreambike． 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰０５３􀅰 高考总复习　英语(BS)