内容正文:
UNIT2 MORALSANDVIRTUES
学生用书 课时冲关13 P257
Ⅰ.阅读 A 主题:人与社会 体裁:记叙文 话题:拾金不昧的美德
(2025湖南常德市一中模拟)“Isawit
first,”Amysaid,assherippedtheoldleather
waletoutofCharlieshands.Withoutsayinga
word,asiftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasa
secrettheydidntwanttoshare withanyone,
theyslippedintothealey,wherenoonecould
seethemlookinside.
“Theresgottobeamiliondolarshere!”
Charlieblurtedout,whentheysawthepileof
hundredGdolarbils.Amy,themorerealisticof
thetwo,didaquickestimate,thumbingthrough
thewadofcash.“Morelikethousands,”she
said,hervoiceshakingindisbelief.
Theydfoundthewaletinaflowerbedby
thesidewalk,when Charlie dropped his cel
phonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeataslice
ofpepperonipizzaatthesametime.Amystuffed
thewaletintoherbackpackandpuledCharlie
alongbyhiselbowtowardherhouse.Asthey
rushedtowardViceroyAvenue,theytalkedexG
citedlyaboutwhattheycoulddowiththemonG
ey—buygiftsforparentsandfriends,getnew
clothes,traveltotherainforestinCostaRica,
andadopta whale.Itlookedlikeal oftheir
dreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock,
however,theydidnttalk.Eachbegantosuspect
thattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelist
ofthingstheycouldbuy.
TheyfinalyreachedAmyshouse,butinG
steadofgoinginside,they walkedaroundthe
housetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalet
andcountedthemoneyintopilesoften.ThetoG
talwas $2,400—more moneythaneitherof
themhadeverseen.ThentheybothstartedtalkG
ingatonce,“Iwonderwholostit.”Theirmoods
shifted,sinkingfromthehighofbeingrichfor
fifteenminutestoresigningthemselvestowhat
theymustdonext.ForinthewaletsclearplasG
ticcompartment,there wasadriverslicense.
Theyknewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughthey
wouldlosetheirnewlyGfoundtreasure,inaway,
theyfeltrelieved.
1.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewalet?
A.Inanaley.
B.Inabackpack.
C.Amongsomeflowers.
D.Onthesidewalk.
2.InParagraph2,whywasAmysvoiceshaking?
A.Shewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenby
others.
B.Shewasdisappointedtherewasntamilion
dolars.
C.She wasfearfulthat Charlie wouldtel
someoneelse.
D.Shefeltnervousbecauseshedneverseenso
muchmoney.
3.OntheirwaytoAmyshouse,thechildrens
moodschangedfrom .
A.excitedtosuspicious
B.happytoangry
C.relievedtoworried
D.nervoustodisappointed
4.Whatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendof
thestory?
A.Tokeepthemoneyasecretfromothers.
B.Toreturnthewalettoitsrightfulowner.
C.Toputthewaletbackwheretheyfoundit.
D.Tobuymanydiferentthingswiththemoney.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了
Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了一个有几千美元
的钱包,两人把钱包拿走,畅想利用这笔钱做什
么,后来两人还是决定把钱包还给失主,让自己放
下心理负担.
1.C [细节理解题.根据第三段中“Theydfound
thewaletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk”可 知,
Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了这个钱包.]
2.D [推理判断题.根据第二段中“‘Morelike
thousands,’shesaid,hervoiceshakingindisG
belief.”可知,Amy不敢相信钱包里有这 么 多
钱.由此推知,从未见过这么多钱的她会感到紧
张,声音颤抖.]
3.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 三 段 中 “Asthey
rushedtowardViceroyAvenue,theytalkedexG
citedlyabout...andadoptawhale.”和“Forthe
lastblock,however,theydidnttalk...thelist
ofthingstheycouldbuy.”可知,在回 Amy家
的路上,两人先是非常兴奋,开心地想象利用这
笔钱可以做什么,后来变得沉默,猜疑对方偷偷
地想买更多的东西,因此两个孩子的情绪是由
兴奋变成怀疑.]
4.B [推理判断题.根据最后一段中“Forinthe
waletsclearplasticcompartment...losetheir
newlyGfoundtreasure,inaway,theyfeltreG
lieved.”可推知,Amy和 Charlie打算放弃这笔
财富,根据钱包里驾驶执照的信息将钱包返还
给失主,让自己放下心理负担.]
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高考总复习 英语
阅读B 主题:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:对道德困境的反应
Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(两难
选择)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenby
theartificialinteligencechatbotChatGPT,acG
cordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReG
ports.ThefindingsindicatethatusersmayunG
derestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoral
judgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.
SebastianKrigelandcoleaguesaskedChatG
GPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice
(牺牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethe
livesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPT
wroterandom statementsarguingbothforand
againstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiG
asedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立场).
Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.particG
ipants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,witha
dilemmawhethertosacrificeonepersonslifeto
savefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participants
readastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguing
eitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosave
five.Statementswerefromeitheramoraladvisor
orChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswere
askedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluenced
theiranswers.
Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthat
theiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestateG
mentstheyread.However,theauthorsfound
thattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywould
haveprovided withoutreadingthestatements
werestil morelikelytoagree withthe moral
stanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwith
theoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticiG
pantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceof
ChatGPTsstatementsontheirownmoraljudgG
ments.
Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialfor
chatbotstoinfluence human moraljudgments
highlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumans
better understand artificialinteligence. They
propose that future research should design
chabotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestions
requiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequesG
tionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnG
ings.
5.WhatareChatGPTsanswerstoacertainmorG
alstance?
A.Inconsistent. B.Valuable.
C.Creative. D.Simple.
6.Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?
A.TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.
B.Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.
C.They wereaffectedbyChatGPT unknowG
ingly.
D.They werepresented withdifferentmoral
dilemmas.
7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Differentfindingsofthestudy.
B.Futurepotentialsforchatbots.
C.Majorfocusesoffutureeducation.
D.Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.
8.Whichofthefolowingisthebesttitleforthe
text?
A.ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics
B.ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?
C.ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervG
ous?
D.ChatGPT CanInfluence Human MoralJudgG
ments
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要说明了
发表在«科学报告»上的一项研究表明,人类对道
德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人
ChatGPT所写语句的影响.文章介绍了研究开
展的经过以及发现,最后提到了解决聊天机器人
影响的方法.
5.A [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 二 段 “Theyfound
thatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguG
ingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,inG
dicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertain
moralstance(立场).(他们发现,ChatGPT 会
随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述,这
表明它 并 不 偏 向 于 某 种 道 德 立 场.)”可 推 知,
ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致.]
6.C [细节理解题.根据倒数第二段“ThisindiG
catesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimaG
tedtheinfluenceofChatGPTsstatementson
theirownmoraljudgments.(这表明参与者可
能低估了 ChatGPT 的陈述对他们自己道德判
断的影响.)”可知,参与者在不知不觉中受到了
ChatGPT的影响.]
7.D [主旨大意题.根据最后一段“Theauthors
suggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluG
encehuman moraljudgmentshighlightsthe
needforeducationtohelphumansbetterunG
derstandartificialinteligence.Theypropose
thatfutureresearchshoulddesignchabotsthat
eitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringa
moraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsby
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基础必备 必修第三册
providing multipleargumentsand warnings.
(作者认为,聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜
力凸显了教育的必要性,以帮助人类更好地理
解人工智能.他们建议,未来的研究应该设计
出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题,要么通
过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天
机器人.)”可知,最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器
人影响人类道德判断力的方法.]
8.D [主 旨 大 意 题.根 据 第 一 段 “HumanreG
sponsestomoraldilemmas(两难选择)canbe
influencedbystatementswrittenbytheartifiG
cialinteligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingto
astudypublishedinScientificReports.(发表
在«科学报告»上的一项研究表明,人类对道德
困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人
ChatGPT所写语句的影响.)”以及倒数第二段
“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunG
derestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPTsstateG
mentsontheirownmoraljudgments.(这表明
参与者可能低估了 ChatGPT 的陈述对他们自
己道德判断的影响.)”结合文章介绍了研究开
展的经过以及发现,最后提到了解决聊天机器
人影响的方法.可知,D选项“ChatGPT可以影
响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题:人与社会 体裁:记叙文 话题:受助打工少年
(2025湖北六校联考)Timothy Harrison
hadplannedtoattendhishighschoolgraduation.
Hedeventoldhismanagerwhorunsa Waffle
House(akindofcakeshop)thathewouldtake
timeoff.But whentheday began,Harrison
foundhimselfunabletogothere. 1 Because
hisfamilymemberswereworking,noonecould
drivehimthere.MuchtothesurpriseofhismanG
agerCedricHampton,Harrisonshowedupatthe
WaffleHouse.
2 First,hedidnthaveawaytogetto
thegraduation.Besides,hedmissedoutonpickG
inguphiscapandgown.
OnceHamptonheardthedetails,heimmediG
atelyorganizedhisWaffleHouseworkersforacG
tion.“IcouldseeinhiseyesthatherealywanG
tedtogo,andIwasgoingtogethimthereno
matterwhat,”Hamptonsaid.“ 3 ”
Withintwenty minutes,HarrisonwascarG
riedtoschooltobringbackhiscapandgownand
thenbackattheWaffleHouse.Tohissurprise,
healsoreceivedanewsuitofclothesforhishigh
schoolgraduation. 4
Meanwhile,acouple ofgenerousshoppers
contributedasweltohelphimcelebratethisday.
Harrisonwasnowproperlydressed. 5
Itwasaclosecal,butthankstoHampton,the
soonGtoGbegraduatejustmadeit.“WhenIsat
downinthathal,itwasthebesttimeofmy
life,”Harrisonsaid.“ThisisanexperienceIwil
valueforever.Ifeelverythankfultomymanager
andthosepeoplewhohelped me.Im goingto
tel mykidsaboutthis.”
A.Harrisondidnotknowwhattodonext.
B.Heshouldhavetoldmehisplanearlier.
C.ItwaspickedupandpaidforbyhiscoGworkG
ers.
D.NokidshouldmisstheirhighschoolgraduaG
tion.
E.Harrisonwasthankfultohisparentsfortheir
efforts.
F.Thenextproblem washowtogethimtothe
halontime.
G.Thehalin whichtheeventwasbeingheld
wastoofaraway.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.主要讲述了一
位在华夫饼屋打工的青少年蒂莫西哈里森在饼
屋经理汉普顿和好心人的帮助下,最终按时参加
了毕业典礼的故事.
1.G [根据设空处前一句可知,蒂莫西哈里森
不能去参加毕业典礼,设空处应承接上文,解释
具体的原因.C 项(正在举行活动的大厅太远
了.)解释了哈里森不能去参加毕业典礼活动的
原因,且 G 项中的theevent指代上文中的 his
highschoolgraduation.]
2.A [根据空后的“First,hedidnthaveawayto
gettothegraduation.Besides,hedmissedout
onpickinguphiscapandgown.”可知,哈里森
遇到了困难,设空处应承接上文,说明在这些困
难的情况下,哈里森的情绪状态如何.A 项(哈
里森不知道下一步要做什么.)说明他因为遇到
难题而不知所措,引出下文.]
3.D [根据空前的“Icould...andIwasgoingto
gethimtherenomatterwhat”可知,汉普顿无
论如何都要带哈里森去毕业典礼,设空处应继
续解释这样做的原因.D 项(没有孩子应该错
过他 们 的 高 中 毕 业 典 礼.)承 接 上 文,符 合
语境.]
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高考总复习 英语
4.C [根据设空处前一句可知,哈里森得到了一
套为高中毕业典礼准备的新衣服,设空处应具
体阐述这套衣服是如何得到的.C 项(它是由
他的同事购买并支付的.)承接上文,且 C 项中
的It指代上文的anewsuitofclothes.]
5.F [根据空后的“butthankstoHampton,the
soonGtoGbegraduatejustmadeit”可知,在关键
时刻多亏了汉普顿的帮助,哈里森才能赶上毕业
典礼,这说明时间很紧张.F项(下一个问题是如
何准时把他送到大厅.)引出下文,符合语境.]
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值
Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfaG
bles(寓言)1. (teach)alessonorto
passonwisdom.FableswerepartoftheoraltraG
dition of many early cultures,andthe welG
knownAesopsfablesdatetothe2.
(six)century,B.C.Yet,theformofthefable
stilhasvaluestoday,3. RachelCarson
saysinAFableforTomorrow.
Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommon
tofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)are
seeminglydirectedatchildren.“Therewasonce
atownintheheartofAmerica,4. al
lifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithits
surroundings,”herfablebegins,5.
(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyageold
fables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseG
riousmessage6. (intend)foreveryone.
7. (difference)fromtraditionalfaG
bles,CarsonsstoryendswithanaccusationinG
steadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmental
dangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoG
plemusttakeresponsibility8. saving
theirenvironment.
Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendeal
withsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.HowevG
er,Carsonsthemeisamoreweighty9.
(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carson
provesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpassed
downthroughtheagescanstil10. (employ)
todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍
了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值.
1.toteach [考查非谓语动词.句意:几千年来,
人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧.根据
句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以
用不定式作目的状语.故填toteach.]
2.sixth [考查数词.句意:寓言是许多古代文化
口述传统的一部分,而著名的«伊索寓言»可以
追溯到公元前6世纪.century“世纪”前面要用
序数词形式.故填sixth.]
3.as [考查定语从句.句意:然而,正如雷切尔
卡森在«明日寓言»中所说,寓言的形式在今天
仍然具有价值.引导非限定性定语从句,且有
“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导.故填as.]
4.where [考查定语从句.句意:“从前,在美国
的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎
都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的
寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的
一些熟悉的词.句中先行词为town,在非限定
性定语 从 句 中 作 地 点 状 语,所 以 用 关 系 副 词
where引导.故填 where.]
5.borrowing [考查非谓语动词.句意:“从前,
在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生
命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生
活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老
寓言中的一些熟悉的词.句中已有谓语动词,
所以用非谓语动词形式.逻辑主语herfable与
borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状
语.故填borrowing.]
6.intended [考查非谓语动词.句意:然而,在简
洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的重要信
息.beintendedfor打算为所用,在句中作
定语,所以用过去分词形式.故填intended.]
7.Different [考查形容词.句意:与传统寓言不
同,卡森的故事以一种指责而 不 是 道 德 结 束.
bedifferentfrom 与不同,所以用形容词作
状语.故填 Different.]
8.for [考查介词.句意:她警告社会面临的环境
危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任.
takeresponsibilityfor对负责.故填for.]
9.warning [考查名词.句意:然而,卡森的主题
是对环境破坏的更严重警告.形容词 weighty
后接名词形式.根据句中不定冠词a可知,用
可数名词的单数形式.故填 warning.]
10.beemployed [考查语态.句意:卡森证明了
一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪,今
天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意.
从句主语asimpleliteralform 与employ之间
为被动关系,所以用被动语态.情态动词can
后接动词原形.故填beemployed.]
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