内容正文:
基础必备 必修第一册 WELCOMEUNIT
学生用书 课时冲关1 P225
Ⅰ.阅读 A 主题:人与自我 体裁:说明文 话题:儿童好奇心
“Whydoesgrandpahaveearhair?”Justa
fewyearsagomychildwassocurioustoknow
“why”and “how”thatwehadtocutoffher
questionsfive minutesbeforebedtime.Now a
soonGtoGbefourthgrader,shesaysthatshedisG
likesschoolbecauseitsnotfuntolearn.Iam
shocked.Asascientistandparent,Ihavedone
everythingIcantopromotealoveoflearningin
mychildren.WheredidIgowrong?
Mychildsexperienceisnotunique.DevelG
opmentalpsychologistSusanEngelnotesthatcuG
riosity—defined as “spontaneousinvestigation
andeagernessfornewinformation”—dropsdraG
maticalyinchildreninfourthgrade.
In Wonder:Childhood and the Lifelong
Loveof Science,YalepsychologistFrank C.
Keildetailsthedevelopmentofwonder—asponG
taneouspassiontoexplore,discover,andunderG
stand.HetakesusonajourneyfromitsearlydeG
velopment,when wonderdrivescommonsense
andscientificreasoning,throughthedropGoffin
wonderthatoftenoccurs,tothetrapoflifeina
societythatdevalueswonder.
AsKeilnotes,childrenareparticularlyrich
inwonderwhiletheyarerapidlydevelopingcausG
almechanisms(因果机制)inthepreschooland
earlyelementaryschoolyears.Theyaresensitive
totheothersknowledgeandgoals,andtheyexG
pertlyusetheirdesireforquestioning.Childrens
questions,particularlythoseabout “why”and
“how”supportthedevelopmentofcausalmechaG
nismswhichcanbeusedtohelptheirdayGtoGday
reasoning.
Unfortunately,as Keil notes, “Adults
greatly underestimate young childrens causal
mechanisms.”Inthebook,Keilshowsthatwe
canarousechildrenscuriositybyplayinggames
withthemaspartners,encouragingthemtoask
questions,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreaG
sonandreachconclusions.
Adeclineinwonderisnotunavoidable.Keil
remindsusthatwecanacceptwonderasadesiraG
blepositivequalitythatexistsineveryone.IvalG
uewonderdeeply,andthebookhasgiven me
hopebyproposingafutureformychildrenthat
wilremainwonderGful.
1.Whatisacommonproblemamongfourthgraders?
A.Theyupsettheirparentstoooften.
B.Theyasktoomanystrangequestions.
C.Theirloveforfundisappearsquickly.
D.Theirdesiretolearndeclinessharply.
2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchildrenscausal
mechanismsfromParagraph4?
A.Theycontrolchildrenssensitivity.
B.Theyslightlychangeinearlychildhood.
C.Theyhardlysupportchildrensreasoning.
D.TheydevelopthroughchildrensquestioG
ning.
3.HowcanparentsarousechildrenscuriosityacG
cordingtoKeil?
A.Bymonitoringtheirgames.
B.Bystimulatingtheirinquiringmind.
C.Byestimatingtheirabilities.
D.Byprovidingreasonableconclusions.
4.Whatisthetext?
A.Abookreview. B.Anewsreport.
C.Aresearchpaper. D.Achildrensstory.
[语篇解读] 本文以书评的形式介绍了«讶异感:
童年和对科学的终生热爱»这本书的主要内容.
这本书主要分析了为什么孩子们对外界事物的好
奇会在四年级时急剧减少.
1.D [细节理解题.根据第二段第二句中的“cuG
riosity—definedas ‘spontaneousinvestigation
and eagernessfor new information’—drops
dramaticalyinchildreninfourthgrade”可知,
在四年级时,学生的好奇心———自发的调查和
对新信息的渴望———会急剧下降,即四年级学
生的常见问题是他们的学习欲望急剧下降.]
2.D [推理判断题.根据第四段最后一句中的
“Childrensquestions,particularlythoseabout
‘why’and ‘how’supportthedevelopmentof
causalmechanisms”可知,儿童的因果机制是通
过提问发展起来的.]
3.B [细节理解题.根据倒数第二段第二句中的
“byplayinggameswiththemaspartners,enG
couragingthemtoaskquestions,andfocusing
303
基础必备 必修第一册
ontheirabilitiestoreasonandreachconcluG
sions”可知,根据凯尔的说法,父母可以通过鼓
励孩子们提问,即激发他们的求知欲,来激发孩
子们的好奇心.]
4.A [推理判断题.通读全文可知,作者在第一、
二段中通过讲述自己孩子的经历,说明孩子们
的好奇心随着年龄增长逐渐减少,进而介绍心
理学家凯尔的书的相关内容;结合第五段第二
句“Inthebook,Keilshowsthatwecanarouse
childrens curiosity by playing games with
themaspartners...andreachconclusions.”可
知,本文主要介绍了这本书中关于儿童的因果
机制和激发儿童好奇心的 方 法 等.由 此 可 推
知,本文是一篇书评.]
阅读B 主题:人与社会 体裁:记叙文 话题:抗击新生儿黄疸
A Nigerianmomfoundoutthatjaundice(黄
疸)isstil adangerousdiseasein Africa—but
nowshesputtinganendtothediseasewithher
newtechstartGup,makingcribs(婴儿床).
VirtueOborosson,Tombra,wasjust48
hoursoldwhenhehadtoberushedtotheNICU,
sufferingfromjaundice,whichcausesyelowskin
andcanleadtopermanentdamageorevendeath.
ThetreatmentisfairlysimpleandwidespreadindeG
velopingcountries:blueGlightphototherapy(光疗).
VirtueshospitalhadnophototherapydeG
vices,soTombrahadtoreceiveariskyemergenG
cybloodtransfusion(输血).Hersonmadeaful
recovery,butVirtuewaschangedbytheexperiG
ence.“IfeltlikesomeofthethingsIexperienced
couldhavebeenavoided,”thevisualdesigner
said.“Ithought,istheresomethingIcoulddoto
makethepainlessforthebabiesandthemothG
ers?”
Whatcouldavisualdesignerdo? ShedeG
signedtheCribAGlowandnamedhernewcomG
panyTinyHearts.Themobilephototherapyunit
ispoweredbythesun,andcostsoneGsixththe
priceofanormalphototherapycrib—andisproG
ducedinherhomelandofNigeria.VirtueshusG
bandhadsomeexperience working withsolar
panelsbefore,sohelentahandtothevisualdeG
signer,whowasbusysailingintheunknownwaG
tersofanewprofession.Sheworkedwithababy
doctorthroughthedesignprocesstoinsureal
thedetailswouldbenefitthetinybabies.
TheCribAGlowcannowbefoundin500
hospitalsacrossNigeriaandGhana.Ithasbeen
usedon300,000babiesalready.Virtue,whohas
alsobecomea2022awardeefortheAfricaPrize
for Engineering Innovation, says a further
200,000babieswil besavedfromjaundiceby
usingthecribsinruralareas—nohospitalsor
electricityneeded.
5.WhathappenedtoTombrashortlyafterhewas
born?
A.HesuffereddamagefromabloodtransfuG
sion.
B.Hecamedownwithjaundice.
C.HereceivedblueGlightphototherapy.
D.Hegotseparatedfromhismother.
6.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheCribAGlow?
A.ItissolarGpowered.
B.Itisheavy.
C.Ithasbeenusedworldwide.
D.Itisexpensive.
7.WhyarethenumberslistedinthelastparaG
graph?
A.TohighlighttheimportanceofphototheraG
pydevices.
B.TostresstheshortageofcribsinruralhosG
pitals.
C.Toarousepeoplesawarenessofjaundice.
D.ToshowthebrightfutureofVirtuescrib.
8.WhichofthefolowingcanbestdescribeVirG
tue?
A.Toughandgenerous.
B.HardGworkingandproductive.
C.Caringandcreative.
D.Sociableanddetermined.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.主要介绍了弗
丘奥博罗研发的新产品———移动太阳能光疗婴
儿床在协助治疗新生儿黄疸等方面的作用.
5.B [细节理解题.根据第二段第一句“Virtue
Oborosson...causesyelowskinandcanlead
topermanentdamageorevendeath.”可知,奥
博罗的儿子出生后不久因患有黄疸被送往新生
儿重症监护室.]
6.A [细节理解题.根据第四段中的“ShedeG
signedtheCrib AGlow”和 “poweredbythe
sun”可知,奥博罗设计的移动婴儿床由太阳提
供动力.]
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高考总复习 英语
7.D [推理判断题.]
最后一段
通过数据
说明这种
婴儿床的
发展前景
很好.
→
奥博罗
设计的
移动婴
儿床在
非洲的
普及度
很高.
最后一 段 第 一、二 句 中 的
TheCribAGlowcannow
befoundin500hospitals
和 beenusedon300,000
babiesalready.
←
最后一 段 最 后 一 句 中 的 a
further200,000babieswil
besavedfromjaundice
←
8.C [推理判断题.根据第三段中奥博罗的话“I
thought,istheresomethingIcoulddotomake
thepainlessforthebabiesandthemothers?”
可知,她很关心生病的孩子;再根据第四段第三
句中 的 “poweredbythesun,andcostsoneG
sixththepriceofanormalphototherapycrib”
可知,她设计的这种移动太阳能光疗婴儿床有
很多优点.由此可推知,奥博罗既关心他人又
具有创造力.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题:人与自我 体裁:说明文 话题:在假期保持活力
HowtoStayActiveDuringHolidays
Beingphysicalyactiveonaconsistentbasis
canbechalenging,especialyduringholidays,as
wetraveltoseerelativesortreatfriendsinour
homes. 1 Inthiscase,considerthesetipsfor
makingphysicalactivityregularinyourlifestyle
overthelongterm,throughholidaysandbeG
yond.
Findsomethingyouenjoy.
ThisisthefirstruleofanysustainableexerG
ciseroutine.Ifyourworkoutfeelslikeanother
boringtaskonyourtoGdolist,itlbedifficultto
stickwith. 2 Dance.Garden.Takeayoga
classonline.AlofthesecountasphysicalactiviG
ty,andevensmalamountsaddup.
3
Exercisedoesnthavetotakeplaceinagym.
Takingthree10GminutewalksinyourneighborG
hoodduringtheday—oneinthemorning,anothG
erduringyourlunchandtheotherafterdinner-
producessimilarbenefitstospending30minutes
atthe gym.In other words,being flexible
enough withanexerciseplanthroughoutyour
daymakesforamoreactivelifestyleandhelps
meetyourgoals.
Berealistic.
MostareoverlyoptimisticwhenfirstmapG
pingoutaworkoutplan. 4 Besides,you
donthavetoexercisebefore,duringandafter
workeverydayinordertohityourgoals.InG
stead,lookatyourcurrentlifestyleandintegrate
moremovementintoyourdailylife.
Makeitapriority.
MostofusaremanagingcountlessresponsiG
bilitieseveryday,soitsvitaltoconsiderphysiG
calactivityanimportantpartofyourday.Putit
onyourschedule,justasyoumakeanappointG
mentwithadoctor.And,letothersknowwhen
youlbebusyexercisingandhowtheycanhelp
youfindtimetodoso. 5
A.Makeitconvenient.
B.Makefuluseofweekdaybreakstoworkout.
C.Itisnecessarytoavoidbeinginjuredinsports.
D.Therefore,becreativeinfindingphysicalacG
tivity.
E.Havingthesupportfromothersisanessential
elementofsuccess.
F.Additionaly,schedulesareofteninterrupted
byholidaygatherings.
G.Infact,exerciseisntnecessarilyatmaximal
intensitytobeeffective.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍了在
假期保持活力,进行身体活动的几点建议.
1.F [根 据 上 文 “Beingphysicalyactiveona
consistentbasiscanbechalenging,especialy
duringholidays,aswetraveltoseerelativesor
treatfriendsinourhomes.”可知,在假期,我们
要探望亲戚或在家招待朋友,持续进行锻炼就
变得 很 有 挑 战 性;下 文 “Inthiscase,consider
thesetipsfor makingphysicalactivityreguG
lar...”指出要解决这 个 问 题 的 办 法.由 此 可
知,设空处与第一句应该是并列关系,F 项(此
外,日 程 安 排 经 常 被 节 日 聚 会 打 断.)符 合
语境.]
2.D [根据上文“IfyourworkoutfeelslikeanG
otherboringtaskonyourtoGdolist,itlbedifG
ficulttostickwith.”可知,如果你的锻炼感觉
503
基础必备 必修第一册
像是待办清单上的另一项枯燥的任务,那就很
难坚持 下 去;再 根 据 本 段 小 标 题 “FindsomeG
thingyouenjoy.”可知,身体活动要有乐趣,因
此 D项(因此,在寻找身体活动时要有创造性.)
符合语境.]
3.A [设空处为本段小标题,根据其他各部分小
标题可知,此处应为祈使句.根据下文“Taking
three10Gminutewalks...oneinthemorning,
anotherduringyourlunchandtheotherafter
dinner”以及本部分最后一句可知,活动计划应
具有灵活性,因此 A 项(使其方便.)概括本段
主旨.]
4.G [根 据 上 文 “Mostareoverlyoptimistic
whenfirstmappingoutaworkoutplan.”可知,
当人们第一次制订运动计划时会过于乐观,又
根据本段小标题“Berealistic.”可知,设空处应
该是对第一句的反驳,即“要注重实际”,因此 G
项(事实上,活动不一定要达到最大强度才有
效.)符合语境.]
5.E [根 据 上 文 “And,letothersknow when
youl bebusyexercisingandhowtheycan
helpyoufindtimetodoso.”可知,活动需要别
人的支持和帮助,因此E项(获得他人的支持是
成功的极其重要的要素.)符合语境.]
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:中国乡村旅游业的发展
Inrecentyears,variousregionsin China
1. (take)advantageoftheiruniquereG
sourcesanddevelopedadiverseanddynamicruG
raltourism industryaccordingtolocalcondiG
tions.Theyhavecreated2. (innoG
vate)developmentmodels,givingrisetoanumG
berofdesirableruraltourismdestinations.They
havepavedthewayforChineseruraldevelopG
ment3. combinescultureandtourism,
promotesharmoniouscoexistencebetween man
andnature,andfights4. bothmaterial
andculturalprosperity(繁荣).
Withdifferenttypesandrichforms,rural
tourismis5. (gradual)becominga
newhotspotintheChinesetourismmarket.The
annualreceptionandthetourismrevenue(收入)
haveseensignificantgrowth,6. (boost)
theworldstourismdevelopment.
Forforeigntourists,visitingruralareasin
Chinaisnotjustaboutsightseeing,butanopporG
tunity7. (get)aviewofChineseculG
tureandcustoms.Thebeautifulcountrysidein
Chinaholds8. strongappealforforeign
visitors.
Nowadays,someforeigntouristshaveshowna
9. (prefer)forimmersiveexperiencesin
ruralareas,suchasenjoyingteaandtraditional
operaperformancesinruralvilagesinZhejiang,
watchingfaceGchangingandfireGspittingshowsof
SichuanOperainruralparksinSichuan,10.
listeningtofolksongsinethnicvilagesin
Guangxi.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.主要讲述了近
年来中国乡村旅游业的发展.
1.havetaken [考查动词的时态和主谓一致.由
时间状语Inrecentyears可知,此处用现在完成
时,variousregions作主语,谓语动词用复数.]
2.innovative [考查形容词.设空处作定语,修
饰 名 词 短 语 development models,应 用 形
容词.]
3.which/that [考查定语从句.设空处在从句中
作主语,先行词theway指物,用关系代词that/
which引导.]
4.for [考查介词.fightfor意为“努力争取”,
为固定搭配.]
5.gradualy [考查副词.设空处修饰谓语isbeG
coming,作状语,应用副词形式.]
6.boosting [考查非谓语动词.设空处应用非谓
语动词,boost与逻辑主语构成主动关系,设空
处应用现在分词.]
7.toget [考查非谓语动词.opportunity后常用
不定式作定语.]
8.a [考查冠词.此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,
strong的 发 音 以 辅 音 音 素 开 头,应 用 不 定 冠
词a.]
9.preference [考查名词.apreferencefor意为
“对的偏爱”,为固定搭配.]
10.and [考查连词.设空处连接并列的三个动
名词 短 语 enjoying...,watching...和 listenG
ing...,应用连词and.]
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高考总复习 英语