专题01 选必3 Unit3～5 复习课件（考点串讲）-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

高二下学期·期中考点串讲 选必3 Unit3-Unit5 人教版 目 录 CONTENT Unit3-5 重点短语 语法精讲：直接引语与间接引语 语法精讲：时态-现在完成进行时 语法精讲：定语从句复习 2 3 4 1 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 一、重点短语 1．on behalf of 代表（代替）某人 2．dozens of 许多；很多 3．have an impact on 对······有影响 4．lead to 导致 5．cause damage to 对······造成损害 6．deal with处理 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 一、重点短语 7．contribute to 有助于；导致 8．carry out 履行；执行 9．be trapped in 被困在······ 10．end up 最终 11．take measures 采取措施 12．in effect 在实施中；实际上 直接引语与间接引语 一、定义 引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。 二、接引语和间接引语的时态转变规则 一、人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 　 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。 例：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” 　　→She said her brother wanted to go with her. 一、人称 （2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称， 例：He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?" 　　→He asked Kate how her sister was then. 一、人称 （3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化， 例：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” 　　→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 二、时态 （4）直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。 例：1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. 　　　 （现在完成 →过去完成） 　　2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. 　　　 (一般现在 → 一般过去) 二、时态 例：3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。” →She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来) 二、时态 　 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 例：“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 二、时态 　 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 例： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 二、时态 　 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 例： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” 　 →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 二、时态 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 例：　　　 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” 　　　 →He said he gets up at six every morning. 二、时态 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 例： Peter said，“You had better come have today.” 　　　 →Peter said I had better go there that day. 三、其它 直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下： 指示代词 this ---that 　 these --- those 表示时间的词 now --- then today --- that day this week(month, etc.) --- that week (month, etc.) yesterday --- the day before last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago --- three days(a year)before tomorrow --- the next (following ) day next week(month)---the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 　here --- there 动词 　bring --- take come --- go 四、句型 ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 例：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” 　→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 四、句型 ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。 例 1.He said, “Can you swim, John?” →He asked John if he could swim. 　2.“You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?” my mother asked. 　→ My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 四、句型 ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。 例 3.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” 　→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 四、句型 ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 例：She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” 　　　→ She asked me when they had their dinner. 四、句型 ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。 例：1.“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. 　　　→ She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. 　　2. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. 　　　→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 四、句型 ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。 　　　 例：He said, “ Let’s go to the film.” 　　　→ He suggested going to the film. 　　　→ He suggested that they should go to see the film. 语法专练 1.He asked ________ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid D 2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me _________. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. C 语法专练 3． He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along C 4． The policeman asked him _____. A. what was his name B.  what his name was C. which was his name D. who was his name B 语法专练 5．Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.” Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948. 7．“Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said. She asked George if/whether he had anything interesting she could read. 6． He said, “Are you a student?” He asked whether/if I was a student. Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 一、重点短语 1．turn sb down拒绝（某人） 2．give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体） 3．dream of／about 梦想 4．be enthusiastic about 对······充满热情 5．become／be stuck in 陷于 6．throw away扔掉 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 一、重点短语 7．cheer sb up 使某人振作起来 8．be bored with 对······厌倦 9．pay sb back 回报某人 10．make fire 生火 11．keep one’s spirits up 保持某人高昂的情绪 12．go from bad to worse 每况愈下 现在完成进行时 一、构成 have/has＋been＋现在分词 I have been studying English for three hours.（我已经学习英语三个小时了。） She has been reading that book since this morning.（她从今天早上起就一直在读那本书。） 二、用法 例：They have been building the bridge for two years.（他们修建这座桥已经两年了。）（桥可能还没建好，还在继续修建的过程中） 现在完成进行时 （一）表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能还在继续进行；强调持续过程：它侧重于描述动作持续的时间长度，让人们更清楚地了解到某个行为一直在延续着。 二、用法 与时间段连用：常和“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”等表示时间延续的状语搭配使用，清晰地体现出动作持续的时长。 例 1.He has been working on this project since last month.（他从上个月起就一直在做这个项目。） 2.We have been living in this city for five years.（我们在这座城市已经生活了五年了。） 现在完成进行时 二、用法 （二）表示在近期内反复发生的动作，带有一定的感情色彩（通常是鼓励、不满、抱怨等） 例 1.She has been making the same mistake again and again.（她老是一遍又一遍地犯同样的错误。）（这里含有不满的情绪） 2. You have been interrupting me all the time.（你老是不停地打断我。）（表达抱怨） 现在完成进行时 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 现在完成进行时 【辨析】 例：Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 2．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 现在完成进行时 【辨析】 例：1．I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) 2.I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 3．现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。 现在完成进行时 【辨析】 例：1.Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃橘子呀？(还剩余一些) 2. Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩) 语法专练 1—I believe that Cathy will pass the oral English test this time. —Absolutely. She ________ for the test in the last three weeks. A．prepared B．will prepare C．has prepared D．has been preparing D 2.Scientists____ research on the migration of monarchs ever since they found this kind of insects are in trouble. A．had done B．are doing C．have been doing D．did C 语法专练 3．Dr. Li, as well as her parents, __________ hard to treat patients and develop medicines over the past two months. A．are working B．has been working C．have been working D．had worked B 4．Peter __________ a book in the reading room all morning; it must be very interesting. A．has read B．has been reading C．was reading D．had read B Unit 5 Poems 一、重点短语 1．be made up of 由······组成（构成） 2．have control over 能够控制 3．keep up with赶上，跟上 4．in addition to 除······之外（还有，也） 5．make a living 谋生 6．make sense 有意义；讲得通 Unit 5 Poems 一、重点短语 7．to the point中肯，扼要；切题 8．give it a try 试一试 9． in the beginning开始，开端；起初 10．make it 成功 11．in tears 哭泣 定语从句 1、 定语从句以及相关术语 （ 1）定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词之后。 （2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 （3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词的分类：关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等； 关系副词有when，where，why 等。 定语从句 1、 定语从句以及相关术语 （4）关系词在定语从句中有三大作用： 1）连接作用：连接主句与从句。 2）成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个成分。 3）替代作用：替代某一名词﹑代词或某一句话。 定语从句 2 关系代词的基本用法 主语 宾语 定语 指人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指物 which/that which/that whose The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。 The man（whom/who/that） you met just now is my old friend.你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。 The number of people that/who come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年来游览这座城市的人数达到一百万。 定语从句 （1）as 引导的定语从句 例：1. Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan. 我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。 2. I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。 ① as 引导限制性定语从句 ：as 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在such...as..., the same...as... 等结构中，as 不能省略。 定语从句 as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达： as we all know众所周知 as is well known众所周知 as you see 如你所见 as can be seen 正如所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as has been said before 如前所述 as is often the case 情况常常是这样 ① as 引导非限制性定语从句 ：as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。 定语从句 例：As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 ① as 引导非限制性定语从句 ：as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。 定语从句 （2）as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。 定语从句 （2）as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 1.意义不同： as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。 例：As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defence. 拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。 定语从句 （2）as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 2.位置不同： as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 例：He changed his mind again，which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。 定语从句 3 关系副词的基本用法 状语： where when why 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 （1）when 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如 time，moment，month，day，year 等，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。 例： We don’t know the exact time when he will return. （He will return at the time. → at the time 作时间状语） 我们不知道他回来的确切时间。 定语从句 2 关系副词的基本用法 2）where 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如school，house，place，village 等，where 在定语从句中作地点状语。 She worked in Japan for a few years where she taught English.（She taught English in Japan. → in Japan 作地点状语） 她在日本工作了几年，在那里她教英语。 定语从句 【归纳拓展】 （1）如果先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，如 case，situation，condition，job，career，point 等且在从句中作状语时，其后的关系副词也用where。 例：The boss of the corporation is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。 定语从句 【归纳拓展】 （1）当先行词是表示地点的名词，如 place，room，airport 等，同时关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句需用关系副词where 引导。 （2）如果先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，如 case，situation，condition，job，career，point 等，其后的关系副词也用where。 例：The boss of the corporation is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。 定语从句 3 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 （1）关系代词的选用 在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whom 和whose。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom；whose 适用于两者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose 在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。 The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired. 我供职十年的那家公司的老板退休了。 定语从句 3 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 （2）介词的选用 例： 1. This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.（spend与 on 搭配） 2.This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay 与 for 搭配） 这就是我花10 元买的那本书。 ①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。 定语从句 3 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 （2）介词的选用 例：I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。（on 与the day 搭配） ②根据先行词的搭配习惯。 定语从句 3 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 （2）介词的选用 例：1. The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.那位老妇人有两个儿子，都是医生。 2.That table has four legs，all of which are very short.那张桌子有四条腿，都很短。 ③表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时用of，有时可用whose转换。 定语从句 3 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 （2）介词的选用 例：Air，without which man can’t live，is really important.空气太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 ④根据定语从句所表达的意义。。 语法专练-单句语法填空 1．Maria has written two novels，both of_______ have been made into television series. which 2．The air quality in the city，____________is shown in the report，has declined over the past two months. as 3．In our class there are 46 students，___________whom half wear glasses. of 语法专练 4．It is the third time that she has won the race，____________　 has surprised us all. which 5．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without 　　　　 　 help I would never have got this far. whose 6．Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others， 　　　　 　，of course，made all the others upset. which Thanks for listening 人教版 $$