第9章 虚拟语气-【高考零起点】2025年新高考英语总复习学用word（艺考）

第九章　虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 从句(条件) 主句(结果) if引导 的条件 句 与现在事 实相反 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be用were) (If sb. did sth. ) 主语＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形 (sb. would/should/could/might do sth. ) 1. If I were you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去事 实相反 If＋主语＋had＋动词的过去分词 (If sb. had done sth. ) 主语＋would/should/could/might＋have＋动词的过去分词 (sb. would/should/could/might have done sth. ) 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 与将来事 实相反 If＋主语＋ 1. 动词的过去式(be动词用were) 2. should＋动词原形 3. were to＋动词原形 主语＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形 (sb. would/should/could/might do sth. ) 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 条件从句 中省略if 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had, should, were提到主语之前。 如：原句：If she were younger, she would do it. 去掉if: Were she younger, she would do it. 错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示的时间不一致) 根据从句与主句表示的不同时间，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况进行调整。 1. If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now. 2. If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now. (从句——对过去虚拟； 主句——对现在的虚拟) 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用某些词或短语(otherwise, or, without, but for等)、 上下文或其他方式来表示。此时，应根据句子表达的实际情况，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况，选用主句中相应的动词形式。 1. Without air, there would be no living things. 2. I would have given you more help, but I was busy. 3. I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you. 【翻译】 1. 如果明天下雨，我们就会推迟运动会。 If it tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 【答案】 rained/should rain/were to rain 2. 如果你早点听我的话，那你现在就不会感到抱歉了。 If you me earlier, you sorry now. 【答案】 had listened to; wouldn't be 【解析】 混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况，所以要用would＋do。 3. 要是没有我的英语老师的帮忙，我不可能在这次英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。 But for the help of my English teacher, I first prize in the English Writing Competition. 【答案】 would not have won 【解析】 but for 意为“要不是”，(含蓄条件句)相当于if引导的条件状语从句，“If it were not for the help of my English teacher...”。主句表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构。 二、虚拟语气表示不可实现或实现概率很小的愿望 1. wish引导的宾语从句。 ① 对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式(were/v. -ed)。 I wish I were a bird. ② 对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)。 I wished I had known the answer. ③ 对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”(would do, 一般不用should)。 We wish our parents wouldn't punish us. 2. If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，动词形式与wish的情况相同。 ① If only he didn't drive so fast！(现在) ② Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice. (过去) ③ If only the rain would stop. (将来) 3. would rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句 ① 与现在事实或将来事实相反：一般过去时(v. -ed), 表示“宁愿做什么”。 I would rather they came tomorrow. ② 与过去事实相反：过去完成时(had done)。 I would rather I had never done it to him. 【翻译】 我要是带了雨伞该多好呀，我全身都湿透了。 If only I an umbrella! I was wet through. 【答案】 had taken 三、虚拟语气用在表示命令、要求、建议的从句中，此时从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略 常用的此类动词有(“二四六”法则)： that sb.(should)do sth. 【翻译】 1. 我建议我们下周开个会。 I suggest that we a meeting next week. 【答案】 (should) hold 2. 她要求我马上完成这项工作。 She insisted that I the work at once. 【答案】 (should) finish 四、固定句型中虚拟语气的运用 It is (about/high) time＋that中的虚拟语气，that后面用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可以省略), 表示“该做……的时候了”。 It is (high) time that we went/should go to bed. 我们该睡了。 【翻译】 你该是时候学会自己做决定了。 It's high time you to make the decision yourself. 【答案】 learnt/should learn 五、as if/though引导的虚拟语气 1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式(v. -ed)。 She looks after the boy as if he were her own son. 2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)。 He looks as if he had been to Beijing. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 2. If you had told (tell) me in advance, I would have met him at the airport. 3. How I wish I had had (have) the chance to watch the football game with my father, who was a reporter there. 4. The tone of the letter should be personal, as if you were (be) speaking face to face to the donor. 5. We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 6. His classmate suggested that he (should) take (take) a rest immediately. 7. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had (have) a second chance to become more involved. 8. We lost our way in that small village; otherwise we would have visited (visit) more places of interest yesterday. 9. They might have found a better hotel if they had driven (drive) a few more kilometers. 10. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture. 11. If we had caught (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 12. Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 13. If he hadn't been caught (catch) drunk driving the other day, he would be watching TV on the cozy sofa at home now. 14. But for the traffic jam, I wouldn't have missed (miss) the interview. 15. Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do (do) something instead of just talking. 16. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he was (be) busy. 17. Had (have) they got any information about the earthquake, they would have made some preparations. 18. How I wish I had slept (sleep) longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. 19. I should not have laughed if I had thought (think) you were serious. 20. The old lady insisted that the thief (should) be sent (send) to the police station. 21. Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam (should) be (be) at the age of six months old. 22. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$