第4章 代词-【高考零起点】2025年新高考英语总复习学用word（艺考）

第四章　代词 代 词 人称代词 主格(作主语) I(我) you(你) he(他) she(她) it(它) we(我们) you(你们) they(他/她/它们) 宾格(作宾语) me you him her it us you them 物主代词 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 反指自己 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词 限定＋代指 近指：this(这个), these(这些) 远指：that(那个), those(那些) 不定代词 指人 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone 指物 something, anything, nothing, everything 指人或物 some, one, any, both/all, none, others, another, neither 相互代词 互指(互相) each other, one another, each other's, one another's 一、指示代词 指示代词一般指 this, that, these和those。 考点1. this, that的用法 that指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用，this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。它们常用于比较结构中。 I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That's why he didn't come. 例：单句语法填空。 In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. 【答案】 that 【解析】 that这里指前面讲到过的the education system。 考点2. that, those, one, ones, it, the one, the ones的区别 指示代词 替代 that the＋单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) those the＋复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) one a/an＋单数名词 ones 零冠词＋复数名词 it 指前面提到的“同一”事物 the one the＋单数名词 the ones the＋复数名词 例：单句语法填空。 1. The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in. 2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones. 3. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues. 4. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from spoken in England. 5. —Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have ? 6. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, that I have never seen. 【答案】 1. it　2. that　3. that　4. that　5. one　6. ones 二、不定代词 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词称为不定代词。常用的不定代词有：all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词。 考点1. both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法 都 任何一者 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none —When shall we meet again? 咱们什么时候再见面？ —Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me. 你喜欢哪天就哪天，对我来说都一样。 —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? 周一和周二你哪天能来？ —I am afraid neither day is possible. 恐怕这两天都不行。 —Do you want tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡？ —Either. I really don't mind. 哪种都行，我真的不介意。 考点2. other, others, the other, the others, another, the rest的区别 1. other接复数名词，相当于others, 泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”(并不有意强调全部)。如： Some are singing, and others are dancing. (others泛指其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用the others则指剩余的全部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。) “some...，some...”意为“一些……，一些……”； “some...，others...”，意为“一些……，其余人……”。 2. the other可接复数名词，相当于the others, 表示“其余的全部……”。如： Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens) are yellow. the other还可强调剩下的另一个，此时只有一个，“常出现在one is...，and the other is...”中，表示“一个……，另一个……”，用于两者之间。如： He got two books; one is a textbook, and the other is a novel. 3. another修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于“三个或三个以上”，表示 “又一个，再一个”。如： This coat is too dark. Please show me another. (作宾语，外套总数为三件或三件以上。除去这个外套之外，剩下的起码有两件；如果只剩一件的话，就要用the other。) another还可表示“再，又”。如： Please give me another five apples. 4. the rest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。如： Some students go swimming, and the rest keep studying English. (代替可数名词) After drinking some milk in the bottle, he threw the rest away. (代替不可数名词) 考点3. 复合不定代词的用法 某些 任何 每个，所有 没有 人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/ nobody 物 something anything everything nothing (1)复合不定代词都作单数看待，充当主语时，谓语动词用单数式。 (2)复合不定代词的所有格在不定代词后加's构成。如果复合不定代词之后有定语else，则所有格应移到else上。 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. 在我的一生中没有什么比我第一次参观故宫博物院给我留下的印象深。 Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你。 Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了奇怪的事。 No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事。 Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席。 He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知。 Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管。 Everything is ready for the experiment. 实验的一切都准备好了。 This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要。 考点4. none, nobody/no one, nothing的区别 指代 用来回答 相当于 none 人或物 how many/ much not a/an/any＋名词 或no＋名词 nobody＝no one 人 who not anyone/not anybody nothing 物 what not anything —How much money do you have? 你有多少钱？ —None. 一分都没有。 I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment. 我希望有人能帮我，但那时候没有遇见一个人。 No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。 None of these questions is easy. 这些问题没有一个是容易的。 考点5. any, every的区别 any every (三个或三个以上中的)任何一个 (三个或三个以上中的)每一个 I have many books here, and you can take any one. 我这里有很多书，你可以随便拿一本。 Every student has to take the examination. 每个学生都得参加考试。 考点6. every, each的区别 功能 意义 every 定语 三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体” each 主语、宾语、同位语、定语 两个或两个以上的人或物中的每一个，强调“个体” Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday. 我们班几乎每个学生昨天都通过了英语考试。 There are lots of trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有很多树。 考点7. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别 (1)many修饰或替代可数名词复数，much修饰或替代不可数名词。两者都表示“许多”。 (2)few修饰或替代可数名词复数，little修饰或替代不可数名词。两者都表示否定。 (3)a few修饰或替代可数名词复数； a little修饰或替代不可数名词。两者都用于肯定句，表示“一些”。 He can speak a little French, but he knows little English. 他会说一点法语，但他不懂英语。 I just can see few students in the classroom. 我没看见几个人在教室里。 There are a few cats on the bed. 床上有几只猫。 考点8. 代词的部分否定和全部否定 (1)all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every＋名词”与not连用时，表示部分否定。 (2)no one, nobody, none, neither, not...any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定。 (3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。 Not every student realizes the importance of the chance. 不是每个学生都能意识到机会的重要性。 Not all men can swim. 不是所有人都会游泳。 No man can fly. 没有人能够飞起来。 Neither of the films is interesting. 这两部电影都无趣。 三、反身代词 反身代词指 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。 表示单数的反身代词以self结尾，表示复数的反身代词以selves结尾。 第一人称和第二人称前面用的是物主代词，第三人称前面用的是代词宾格。 考点1. 反身代词的基本用法 作宾语：Tom taught himself Chinese. (动宾) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (介宾) 作表语：She is not quite herself today. 作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. 考点2. 含有反身代词的惯用法 (1)与介词连用 You will have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (亲自) The computer can shut off by itself. (自动地) One would rather have a bedroom to oneself. (独占，独用) One can't play tennis by oneself. (单独地，独自地) In itself, it's not a difficult problem to solve. (本身，本质上) (2)与动词连用 enjoy oneself＝have a good time玩得开心，过得愉快 behave yourself＝be polite; show good manners使自己举止良好 absent oneself缺席，缺勤 devote oneself to专心于，献身于 apply oneself to专心致志于 adapt oneself to适应于 make oneself at home不要客气 seat oneself＝sit坐(就座) think for oneself＝form one's own opinion独立思考，形成自己的看法 help oneself 自取，自用，自便 teach oneself自学 四、代词it 考点1. it作形式主语或宾语，代指后面的不定式、 动名词或句子 It is necessary to tell his father everything. (it 作形式主语，指代后面的to do 不定式) It is obvious that I am glad to answer your question. (it 作形式主语，指代后面的that 从句) He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. (it 作形式宾语，指代后面的to do 不定式) We think it no good reading in bed. (it 作形式宾语，指代后面的reading in bed) 考点2. 用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等 ① It's half an hour's walk from here to our school. (指距离) ② It's nice and warm here. (指天气、气候) ③ But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school. (指时间) 考点3. it用以指身份不明的人 it用以指身份或性别不明的人。如： 敲门时： —Who is it? —It's me! 若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。 经典例题 1. The baby cried when was hungry. 【答案】 it 2. —Who's that at the door? — is the milkman. 【答案】 It 在横线上填上合适的代词。 1. The little boy is too young to look after himself (he). 2. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us believing ourselves (we) is very important. 3. This room is ours, and that one is theirs (they)． 4. He had a bad cold. That was why he didn't attend the meeting. 5. What I want you to remember is this : English is of great use. 6. Kate made it clear to me that she wished to be admitted to a key university. 7. It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 8. A study shows the students who are engaged in taking exercise are happier than those who are not. 9. —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? — Either . I will be in all day. 10. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they both have work to do. 11. I've got two mobile phones. One is new, and the other is old. 12. Some people came by bike, others/the others came on foot. 13. All of them complained about the stone but none of them tried to remove it . 14. Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. 15. The baby is sucking its (it) thumb. 16. Both changed color, one white, the other red. 17. I realized it was foolish to judge AI that way. 18. Tom is a good friend of mine (I), but he is driving me crazy because he is very untidy. 19. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves (they) against bad lucks. 20. There are several pencils in the box. They are all hers (her). 21. This is my book. Yours (you) are over there. 22. I found it not easy to remember all the twelve star signs(星座) because they are difficult to pronounce and spell. 23. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the other . 24. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge. 25. More danger exists, but they cannot see it . 26. Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it. 27. I knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. 28. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another . 29. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interests. 30. This is a picture of mine (me), and that is Tom's (Tom). 31. —The population of China is larger than that of India. —Yes, but India's population is increasing rapidly. 32. At that moment an attractive young lady came up to me and introduced herself (her). 33. The old man lives happily with his two sons and a pet dog. All of them are part of his family. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$