串讲01 Unit 1～2 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考点大串讲（上外版2020必修第二册）

高一下英语期中考试复习 上外版2020 必修第二册 Unit 1-2 定语从句 上外版必修二 Unit 1 Nature 定语从句中的术语 先行词 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 了解定语从句（一） -关系代词 关系代词 who/ whom/that which/ that whose as He is the man who/that teaches us English. He is the teacher who/that/whom we want to visit. This is an interesting book which/that he gave me. The glory king is a game which/that is suitable for every age group. 关系词在从句中的成分 He is the teacher who/that/whom we want to visit. 先行词：teacher（人） who/that/whom （关系代词） 关系词功能：在句中做成分（宾语） 找从句 7 The glory king is a game which/that is suitable for every age group. 找从句 关系词功能：在句中做成分（主语） 先行词：game（物） Which/that （关系代词） The girl is my English teacher lisa. Lisa’s hair is curl. The girl is my English teacher lisa whose hair is curl. 找从句 关系词功能：在句中做成分（定语） 先行词：lisa（人） Whose/of whom/of which （关系代词） 先行词指人或物且在从句中做定语。关系词作定语时用whose/of whom/of which 1. I want to use the same dictionary _____was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 定语从句不完整,缺成分,且被the same修饰，关系代词用as所修饰， 时，使用关系代词as As 人 物 定语从句不完整,且当先行词被such所修饰，使用关系代词as 2.. He isn’t such a kind man ___ he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as He is such a kind man _____all of us like him. that as引导的定语从句 常见句式： such + n + as… such（介）+ as… the same + n + as… 像…一样的 我和她有类似的书。 I have the same book ___ she has. 当先行词被so, such, the same修饰时，此时关系代词用as引导且不能省略。 The city was attacked by ________ terrible weather _________ few citizens had ever experienced before. so; as so; that such; that such; as such as So+adj Such +a/an/不加+可数名词单数/不可数名词 关于as你需要知道第二点 such…as & such… that Su Daqiang is such a person ____ we all dislike. Su Daqiang is such a person ____ we all dislike him. A. that B.as C.which D.whom 名词被so, such, the same修饰，但从句中不缺成分，此时用that。 So/such 引导的状语从句 翻译为：如此… 以至于… B A 关系词只能是that Is there anything that I can do for you? This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. He was the first person that passed the exam. He is the only person that can help you out. 仅仅 最高级 序数词 不定代词 16 先行词 句中成分 关系代词 人 主语/表语 that/who 宾语 that/whom/省略 定语 whose 物 主语/宾语/表语 that/which 人/物 -- as 做题宗旨： 瞻 前 顾 后 1.先行词（人、物） 2. 修饰先行词的词 在句中所做成分 This is an interesting book ____was written by Austen.J. 主语 which/that 顾后瞻前 Stan Lee is the one _____created the character of Spiderman. who/that 主语 顾后瞻前 The vase____I saw yesterday was created by Qian Long. which/that 宾语 顾后瞻前 瓷母 The most important thing ___ we should pay attention to is the first thing ___ I have said. 顾后瞻前 that that 宾语 宾语 了解定语从句（二） -关系副词 关系词 关系代词 （从句缺成分） 关系副词 When Where Why who/ whom/that which/ that whose as when 指时间（=介词+which） I still remember the day___Terracotta Warriors was found. when/on which 先行词为抽象时间： age（年代）；occasion（机会场合）；interval（间隔）；stay（逗留时间） It was an age ____ we had no phones. when Lin tong is a very beautiful place ____ archaeologist found the Terracotta Warriors where 指地点（=介词+which） where/in which 先行词为抽象地点： job、situation、position、point、stage、case、activity、atmosphere、email、process We came to the situation ___ we have to make a choice. where Why表原因=介词+which Terracotta Warriors is astonishing, which may be the reason ___ people like to visit it. why 关系代词 & 关系副词 找从句（从空格处到第二个谓语动词之前） 顾后瞻前（看从句是否缺成分） 3. 从句若缺少主、宾、表成分时，用关代；不缺用关副 I'll never forget the days____I was trained in XDF. A.when B.where C.which D. what I'll never forget the days ____ I spent in XDF. A.when B.where C.which D. what A C 状语 宾语 定从总结 1. 关副（抽象先行词） 2.关代关副的选择（找从句、断成分、选关系词） 3. of+关代（与先行词、动宾、形容词固定短语。“代入法”） 4.限制性和非限制性定从（形式、句意） 5. as和which在非限中的区别 6. 不能用that（非限定、介词后） 专题训练 定语从句巩固练习 选择填空 1.People spoke highly of the driver _____,in spite of the terrible weather, had saved his passengers from danger. A. which B. who C. whom D.as 2.The island _____ he lived in his childhood is far from the town. A. which B.in which C. on which D. that 3.I hope to get _____ a tool ______ he repaired this machine with. A. such; that B. so; that C. such; as D. as; as 4.The soldiers stopped at the edge of a wood , ______ was the right place for an ambush(埋伏). A. they thought where B. they thought which C. where they thought D. which they thought B C C D 34 选择填空 5.Nathan Hale , _____ the British guard had found the maps of the British army’s defense works, faced his enemy bravely. A.in whose boot B.in which boot C. whose boot D. which boot 6.The factory has 500 workers,40 percent _____ are women. A. of which B. of whom C. of them D. of that 7.He often talked about the artists and paintings _______ impressed him greatly. A. which B. who C. that D.不填 8.Students are sure to benefit from every minute _______ the best(use) of to study their lessons. A. which makes B. what they make C. that is made D. when is made A B C C 35 选择填空 9.This cook is _______ we dropped in the other day. A. whom B. on whom C. the one D. the one on whom 10.I will never forget the days _______ we spent together and _____ we made friends with some farmers. A. when; that B. that; when C. when; when D. which; which 11._______is known to all, the Xisha Islands are the territories(领土)of China. A.As B. It C. Which D. That 12.His family, _______ all music lovers, don't want to miss MTV programmers. A. who is B. which is C. who are D. which are D C A B 36 选择填空 13.Who is the person _______ asked for me just now? A. who B. that C. whose D. whom 14.He asked more than one elder for advice, _______ he hoped to make a wiser decision. A. which B.by which C.by which means D.by that means 15.His technique has developed to the point _______ he can repair many of the electrically powered farm machines. A. when B. that C. where D. which 16.Those______have not got bikes may go by bus. A. that B. who C.不填 D. which B B C C 37 选择填空 17.This is the first time I ______ here. A. have been B. have gone C.am D. come 18.I,_______,will try my best to help you out of the difficulty. A. who is B. that is C. who are D. who am 19.The comrade I share the room ________ is a young teacher fresh from college. A. with him B. with whom C. with D.in 20.What do you think of the material _______ the coat is made? A. which B. of which C. from which D.in which A B D C 38 定语从句巩固练习 翻译句子 1. 若如梦想灭亡，人生就是断了翅膀不能飞翔的小鸟。 2. 不要拒绝帮助你不熟悉的人。 3. 戴维是我们班里最乐于助人的学生之一。 4. 成功试一次旅行，第一步是由内心的热情铺就的。 39 1. 若如梦想灭亡，人生就是断了翅膀不能飞翔的小鸟。 If dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. 2. 不要拒绝帮助你不熟悉的人。 Do not refuse to help those with whom you are not familiar. 3. 戴维是我们班里最乐于助人的学生之一。 David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. 4. 成功试一次旅行，第一步是由内心的热情铺就的。 Success is a journey whose initial step is paved with an inner stirring. 40 5. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 6. 古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 7. 他说假定我们真的到了使用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 8. 但这也是一个出现了许多伟大思想家的时期。 41 5. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 6. 古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 7. 他说假定我们真的到了使用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror. 8. 但这也是一个出现了许多伟大思想家的时期。 But it was a time when there were many great philosophers. 42 9. 不成功的人总能为自己的表现不好找到理由。 10. 正如有人曾经说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源 11. 知识是一座城市，每个人都曾添砖加瓦。 12. 喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山，它的山顶几乎看不到 43 9. 不成功的人总能为自己的表现不好找到理由。 Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. 10. 正如有人曾经说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源 Money, as someone once said, is the root of all evils. 11. 知识是一座城市，每个人都曾添砖加瓦。 Knowledge is a city, to the building of which every human being brought a stone. 12. 喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山，它的山顶几乎看不到 Mountain Himalayas, the peaks of which are hardly seen, is the highest mountain in the world. 44 13. 不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。 14. 这是我的摩托车。它是我的叔叔送的。 15. 昨天晚上所发生的事情我一点儿也不知道。 16. 你应该先给汤姆打个电话，我怕他不来。 17. 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 45 13. 不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。 A soldier who does not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier. 14. 这是我的摩托车。它是我的叔叔送的。 This is my motorbike, which was sent to me by my uncle. 15. 昨天晚上所发生的事情我一点儿也不知道。 I know nothing that happened last night. 16. 你应该先给汤姆打个电话，我怕他不来。 You should give a ring to Tom first, who I’m afraid will not come. 17. 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world. 46 由who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语/宾语 1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which 2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who 3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom 选择题 47 4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom 5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which 6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that 由whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语 介词提前时只能用 whom 48 7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that 由whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语 49 10. He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown 11. The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found. A. which B. who C. what 12.The room in ___ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which 13.This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when 由which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语/宾语 介词提前时只能用 which that 50 14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what 15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. Which B. what C. that 先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导 51 16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose 17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导 52 18. I know all people ___ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose 19. There is no water ___ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that 20. Please take any seat ___ is free. A. which B. that C. in which 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导 53 21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which 22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns. A. who B. that C. which 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导 54 23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which 先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导 55 1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. 2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 4. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _________ has surprised us all. which as who which which 用适当的关系代词填空 56 用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句 1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ____ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason _____ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way ___ which/ (that) my teacher taught me. 5. This is the hero ____ whom we are proud. on in for in of 57 6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter. 7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. 10. I would always like to do business with those people ___________ whom I can rely. with of with to on/ upon 58 上外版必修二 Unit 2 Animals 非限制定语从句 非限制性定语从句 例句 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Laura is going to marry Mark, whom she is falling in love with. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is very beautiful. Dogs, which are friends of people, are becoming more and more popular. 非限定从的先行词多为专有名词或泛指类的词。 60 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切 （补充说明，删掉后不影响意思的表达） 不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开 可用关系代词that；可用who代替whom 不可用关系代词that；不用who代替whom 关系代词可省略 关系代词不可省略 读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只修饰先行词，不修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时 一定有逗号，只能由which 61 I have a daughter that is a teacher. 我有一个当老师的女儿。 I have a daughter, who is a teacher. 我有一个女儿，她是老师。 可能有多个女儿 就一个女儿 I have a friend who is a dancer. 62 （1）作用不同 限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍很完整。 His brother who lives in London will go to America next week. 他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。) His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week. 他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。) 63 （2）形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. The project, which lasted three years, cost 1 billion. （3）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 64 （4）关系词的使用情况有所不同 ①that不用于引导非限制性定语从句 ②关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 This is the boy I met at the theatre. A young man had a new girlfriend, he wanted to impress. ③关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 who/whom whom This is a good film I saw a few days ago. The summer holiday, we’re looking forward to, is drawing near. (which/that) which 65 （5）翻译不同 含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。 She has a brother who works in a hospital. 她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。 She has a brother，who works in a hospital. 她有一个哥哥，在医院工作。 66 as which 从句位置 主句之前、中、后 主句之后、中 先行词 整个句子 词、短语、句子 肯定句 肯定句、否定句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 67 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents. As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all. 68 关系代词who/whom/whose 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人、物 that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物 which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物 That，which用法 69 There are 50 ss in our class and half of wear glasses. There are 50 ss in our class, half of wear glasses. who指人，在从句中做主语也可以做宾语。 whom指人，在从句中做宾语。 介词后只能用whom，不能跟who them whom Half of whom做主语，whom做of宾语 70 whose表所属关系 Do you know Peter? His father is very rich. Do you know Peter whose father is very rich? He wants a room. Its window faces south. He wants a room whose window faces south. He wants a room the window of which faces south. whose既可指人，又可指物 他的，她的，它的 71 1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. 2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 4. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _________ has surprised us all. which as who which which 用适当的关系代词填空 72 介词+关系代词 （whom；which） 当介词用于关系代词前时: 关系代词指人,只能用 介词+whom 关系代词指物,只能用 介词+which 2. Whom 和 which 不能省略 The money is gone. 　You were to buy dog food with the money. 　 　The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone. The money with which you were to buy dog food　is gone. buy sth with (1).词组的搭配(看从句中的动词短语,和形容词短语搭配) 2．Have you met him? 　　Our teacher is talking about the tall man. Have you met the tall man (whom/who/that) our teacher is talking about? Have you met the tall man about whom our teacher is talking ? talk about sb Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. at the meeting Yesterday we had a meeting. we discussed many problems at the meeting. (2).据句意搭配 Air _______which we can’t live is really important. without 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The girl whom you work is Cathy. The farm which we worked ten years ago is beautiful. This is the tree which we used to play games. Care of soul is a gradual process which even small details of life should be considered. with on under during/in 根据从句选介词 1 根据从句选介词 79 The ease with which Tom cracked the complex was unbelievable. Tom cracked the complex sentence with ease. The ease was unbelievable. 根据先行词选介词 at the rate（ 以…的速度;按…的比率）; in the direction; to the extent（在…范围/限度内）; by the means; in practice; to the degree（到...的程度） 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 With ease 熟练的 首先要会划分句子，能把先行词找出来 80 找准先行词 将先行词还原至从句 选择合适的介词将从句与先行词连接 第二步，从句要找对，画准 第三步，固定短语搭配 81 He is the man you can depend. I wish to thank Professor Hu, help I would never have got this far. Have you found the book _______ I paid $10? Have you found the book _______ I spent $10? This is my pair of glasses, ___________ I cannot see clearly. on whom without whose for which on which without which 82 介词+关系代词中of的用法 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. The company, of which he was the chairman, has made a lot of money. We had a meeting the purpose of which was not clear. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. 介词+关系代词 83 of在定语从句中表所属关系或整体与部分的关系。 常见结构：不定代词/数量词/形容词比较或最高级+ of which/whom，表示数量或某种特点。 all, each, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, half, several… 介词+关系代词 最多情况下跟which/whom 84 固定搭配的介宾短语 He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built. 介词+关系代词 In which case=in this case, 先行词，指代前面一件事 In one’s honor 纪念某某人 85 定语从句中介词不可以提前的短语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如： This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。 This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。 如果介系词与动词或形容词组成固定词组时，介系词就不可以提前了，如： The old woman whom he is taking care of is my grandmother. 他正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。 介词+关系代词 86 介词+关系代词 凡是结构紧密含介词的短语动词，在定语从句中不能把介词提前到关系代词前，例如 look after, look for, take care of, be afraid of，等等。 1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. T F 87 另外：有些动词的固定短语是不可以将介词提前的: look after, take care of , look forward to, pay attention to, look into, break into… Conclusion: 根本方法：把先行词带入定语从句中，看是否缺介词，缺介词的话在关系代词前补上介词 —— 介词+关系代词 专题训练 Fill in the blanks with proper words. 1. The teacher______ ______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu. 2. This is the house______ ______ Lu Xun once lived. 3. He will never forget the day __ ______ he came to Beijing. from whom in which on which learn from live in on the day 4. The reason _____ ______ I came here is that I want to get your help. 5. The West Lake, ____ ______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. for which for which for the reason be famous for whose+名词= of which/whom＋ the + 名词 the＋名词＋of which/whom 93 There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. = whose window 高考爱考！ 94 用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句 1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ____ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason _____ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way ___ which/ (that) my teacher taught me. 5. This is the hero ____ whom we are proud. on in for in of 95 6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter. 7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. 10. I would always like to do business with those people ___________ whom I can rely. with of with to on/ upon 96 $$