精品解析：河南省南阳市第一中学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

南阳一中2024年秋期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Lonely Planet’s Top Places to Go in 2024 Are you looking for inspiration for your next travel destination? Lonely Planet has published its yearly list of top places to go. Whether you’re looking for adventure, culture, or value, there’s something for every type of traveler. Let’s explore the. top picks for travel destinations in 2024. Top City: Nairobi Nairobi, the Kenyan capital, was chosen for its unique music and dance culture, and impressive local restaurants. Nairobi National Park, just a short drive out of the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitors can see over-400 species wandering the open grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle on the horizon. Top Country: Mongolia Mongolia is loved for its wide-open spaces, adventure activities, and unique food. The Mongolian government has announced 2023 through. 2025: as: the “Years to Visit Mongolia“, easing entry conditions for international travelers and improving public facilities, including a new $ 650 million airport. Top Sustainable Travel Destination: Spain The publisher also recommended Spain for the country’s efforts to expand renewable energy, to develop off-season travel, and to bring tourism to new destinations, such as the port city of Valencia, easing pressures on hot spots such as Barcelona. Top Best-Value Location: The American Midwest The American Midwest, including the cities of Chicago and Detroit, is also on the list, as it offers a high-quality travel experience at a reasonable cost. Visitors can enjoy excellent services and facilities. such as old warehouses transformed into art studios, new eco-design hotels, and Michelin-starred restaurants, without having to spend too much money. Top Beach Destination: Donegal Donegal Ireland’s most northwestern county, has the country’s longest coastline and over 100 beaches, where visitors can enjoy the highest sea cliffs in Europe and miles of beautiful coastal hiking trails. 1. What can people do in Nairobi National Park? A. Enjoy adventure activities. B. Taste local delicious cuisine. C. See various wild animals. D. Appreciate musical performances. 2. Why is The American Midwest considered to be the Best-Value Location? A. It has simplified entry procedures. B. It offers cost-effective experiences. C. It combines art with natural scenery. D. It provides good transportation services. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To entertain. B. To analyse. C. To inform. D. To report. B Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has its unique style of cooking.” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says. Sometimes, his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today. “So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.” 4. When did Max Burns return to Brighton England according to the text? A. Aged 13. B. Aged 14. C. Aged 16. D. Aged 21. 5. How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A. Treat them to Chinese dishes. B. Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C. Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D. Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. 6. What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A. Burns’s ambitions. B. Burns’s achievements. C. Burns’s adventures. D. Burns’s subscribers. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B. Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C. Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D. Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. C While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up. Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components. Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer. Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”. 8. Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1? A Food waste. B. Garbage littering. C. Energy crisis. D. Environmental pollution. 9. What’s the initial thought of Fabula? A. Using food remains in recipes. B. Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills. C. Making a novel building material from leftovers. D. Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices. 10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The diversity of food sources. B. The prospects of the company. C. The innovation of a traditional cuisine. D. The process of developing food concrete. 11. How is food concrete different from common construction materials? A. It can fill stomachs. B. It’s solid and lasting. C It can prevent disasters. D. It’s delicate but cost-free. D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjoumey or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorised image scraping. The tool works by slightly changing an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unchanged to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 12. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Facilitating. B. Polishing. C. Damaging. D. Collecting. 13. According to the text, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. Affecting the training of generative AI. B. Discriminating against great masterpieces. C. Causing users to forget the prompt key words. D. Increasing the accuracy of returned information. 14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Computer scientists have learned to respect the copyright of most artists. B. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. C. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists B. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training C. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists D. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When something goes wrong, do you tend to bounce back or fall apart? Here are some strategics to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track toward achieving your goal. ● Realize it’s normal. Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around. It’s normal and expected for setbacks to occur. ___16___ Knowing this, it’s important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises. ● Don’t deny it. Sometimes it’s hard to recognize a setback. The problem can be staring you right in the face, but you may deny there’s any cause for alarm. ___17___ This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn’t mean you’re stupid. It’s just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue. It’s important to be receptive to the honest feedback. ___18___Stop and consider carefully what went wrong. The most common causes of a setback are personal worries, overconfidence, and poor coping skills. Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback: where you were, who you were with, what you were thinking and feeling. ● Learn from it. Learn from your analysis of the setback, and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time. Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again, you actually improve your odds of eventual success. ___19___ Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall. ___20___ After adjusting, you can still make progress toward success again. A. Don’t take it seriously. B. Analyze what happened. C. You haven’t lost all of the knowledge, skills, and support. D. In other words, it’s not whether a challenge will happen, but it’s when. E. This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective. F. Friends or family will voice their concerns, but you still may not be able to accept it. G. You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior. 第三部分 语言运用(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a winter after noon when I tripped over a high kerb (马路牙子). Suddenly, I was flying through the air. It was only the next morning when I tried to take a photo of some splendid sunlight ____21____ into my kitchen, that I had to face the reality: I could no longer lift my camera, let alone use it. Later, a hospital appointment ____22____ my worst fear — the arm needed total rest. Soon I became impatient. I couldn’t travel much. Surfing online, I ____23____ the concept of gratitude intervention, a method to boost ____24____ and well-being by being grateful. I had never been wildly ____25____ about the concept of counting one’s blessings. However, a Californian psychologist, Sonja Lyubomirsky, has ____26____ research into something much more creative — using a daily photography ____27____ as a tool for enhanced gratitude. Lyubomirsky’s instructions are ____28____, but not necessarily easy to carry out. Take photographs throughout the day of things central to who you are. Reading how participants assigned to the gratitude interventions ____29____ experienced enhanced positive emotions, a sense of connectedness, more support, and less _____30_____, I decided to carry on. Taking a single photo was painful, but the _____31_____ to find anything to feel grateful about, and then to record it, started to greatly _____32_____ both my mood and my images. I began to photograph the _____33_____ of my days. Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the daily routines. Life seems repetitive and _____34_____ when you don’t notice the _____35_____ of each moment and the constant small changes that are going on all around you. Don’t just take my word for it — experience it for yourself. 21. A. winding B. streaming C. sticking D. knocking 22. A. confirmed B. removed C. relieved D. overcame 23. A. broke into B. made up C. took down D. came across 24. A. dream B. thought C. mood D. desire 25. A. enthusiastic B. confused C. nervous D. particular 26. A. consulted B. imagined C. pioneered D. observed 27. A. lesson B. skill C. plan D. practice 28. A. complex B. simple C. normal D. abstract 29. A. occasionally B. hardly C. significantly D. slightly 30. A. interruption B. loneliness C. willingness D. motivation 31. A. struggle B. excuse C. opportunity D. promise 32. A. keep B. balance C. ruin D. improve 33. A. details B. surprises C. changes D. achievements 34. A. wonderful B. meaningful C. unfair D. boring 35. A. pain B. anxiety C. uniqueness D. challenge 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has nearly 5,000 years of ___36___ (record) history. However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than ___37___ of its writing, which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the furniture was hand-made using high-quality hardwood ___38___ raw materials, which are now rare and expensive. Ordinary people often use wood such as pine, elm, and beech, but the quality between the woods ___39___ (differ) greatly. Classical furniture is mostly made by hand. Modern machines cannot ___40___ (complete) replace handwork. The shapes carved by the machine are neat but the lines are rigid and lacking vitality. The most delicate aspect of Chinese classical furniture is the structural part of the furniture—mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) work. Combining pieces of wood together, ___41___ (use) nothing more than the wood itself, is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China. It was first discovered in the wooden structure of the Hemudu site ___42___ the ancestors lived more than 7,000 years ago. This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the ___43___ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. Ancient Chinese ___44___ (philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture. For example, Confucianism emphasizes gentleness and moderation. ____45____ (achieve) that, skilled carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture. That’s why Chinese furniture always displays both balance and stability. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，请写封邮件给美国的笔友Jack，讲述学校于上周五上午在操场举办的每年一度的以“感恩、责任、成长、梦想”为主题的成人礼（coming-of-age ceremony）。邮件内容主要包括： 1. 成人礼概况； 2. 你的感受； 3. 询问美国的成人礼情况。 注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，使结构完整。 2. 词数100左右。 Dear Jack, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lihua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A light rain was falling as my sister Jill and I ran out of the shop，eager to get home and play with the presents that our parents had prepared for us and our baby sister, Sharon.Across the street from the shop was a gas station where the Greyhound bus stopped，which was closed for New Year，but I saw a family standing outside the locked door，gathering closely together under the narrow overhang in an attempt to keep dry.I wondered briefly why they were there but then forgot about them as I raced to keep up with Jill. Once we got home，there was barely time to enjoy our presents.We had to go off to our grandparents’ house for our annual family dinner.As we drove down the highway through town，I noticed that the family was still there，standing outside the closed gas station. My father was driving very slowly down the highway.The closer we got to the turnoff(岔道) for my grandparents’ house，the slower the car went.Suddenly，my father made a U­turn in the middle of the road and said that he couldn’t stand it.“What？” asked my mother.“It’s those people back there at the station，standing in the rain.They’ve got children.It’s New Year.I can’t stand it.” When my father pulled into the service station，I saw that there were five of them: the parents and three children—two girls and a small boy，who were getting wet standing there. My father rolled down his window.“Happy New Year，” he said. “Thanks. You too，” the man replied. He was very tall and had to bend slightly to look into the car. Jill, Sharon, and I looked at the children，and they looked back at us. “You waiting on the bus？” my father asked. The man said that they were. They were going to Birmingham, where he had a brother and chances of a job. Knowing the bus wouldn’t come along for several hours, my father invited them to our home to shelter from the rain. Paragraph 1： The man thought about it for a moment，but then refused. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： When we got out of the car at our house，the three children ran through the front door happily. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 南阳一中2024年秋期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Lonely Planet’s Top Places to Go in 2024 Are you looking for inspiration for your next travel destination? Lonely Planet has published its yearly list of top places to go. Whether you’re looking for adventure, culture, or value, there’s something for every type of traveler. Let’s explore the. top picks for travel destinations in 2024. Top City: Nairobi Nairobi, the Kenyan capital, was chosen for its unique music and dance culture, and impressive local restaurants. Nairobi National Park, just a short drive out of the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitors can see over-400 species wandering the open grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle on the horizon. Top Country: Mongolia Mongolia is loved for its wide-open spaces, adventure activities, and unique food. The Mongolian government has announced 2023 through. 2025: as: the “Years to Visit Mongolia“, easing entry conditions for international travelers and improving public facilities, including a new $ 650 million airport. Top Sustainable Travel Destination: Spain The publisher also recommended Spain for the country’s efforts to expand renewable energy, to develop off-season travel, and to bring tourism to new destinations, such as the port city of Valencia, easing pressures on hot spots such as Barcelona. Top Best-Value Location: The American Midwest The American Midwest, including the cities of Chicago and Detroit, is also on the list, as it offers a high-quality travel experience at a reasonable cost. Visitors can enjoy excellent services and facilities. such as old warehouses transformed into art studios, new eco-design hotels, and Michelin-starred restaurants, without having to spend too much money. Top Beach Destination: Donegal Donegal Ireland’s most northwestern county, has the country’s longest coastline and over 100 beaches, where visitors can enjoy the highest sea cliffs in Europe and miles of beautiful coastal hiking trails. 1. What can people do in Nairobi National Park? A. Enjoy adventure activities. B. Taste local delicious cuisine. C. See various wild animals. D. Appreciate musical performances. 2. Why is The American Midwest considered to be the Best-Value Location? A. It has simplified entry procedures. B. It offers cost-effective experiences. C. It combines art with natural scenery. D. It provides good transportation services. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To entertain. B. To analyse. C. To inform. D. To report. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Top City: Nairobi部分中“Nairobi National Park, just a short drive out of the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitors can see over-400 species wandering the open grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle on the horizon.(内罗毕国家公园，离城市中央商务区只有很短的车程，是一个不容错过的地方，在那里游客可以看到400多种野生动物在开阔的草原上游荡，摩天大楼在地平线上闪闪发光)”可知，在内罗毕国家公园，人们可以看到各种不同种类的野生动物。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Top Best-Value Location: The American Midwest部分中“The American Midwest, including the cities of Chicago and Detroit, is also on the list, as it offers a high-quality travel experience at a reasonable cost.(包括芝加哥和底特律在内的美国中西部城市也榜上有名，因为它以合理的成本提供了高质量的旅行体验)”可知，美国中西部被认为是最有价值的地方是因为它提供了高性价比的旅行体验。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you looking for inspiration for your next travel destination? Lonely Planet has published its yearly list of top places to go. Whether you’re looking for adventure, culture, or value, there’s something for every type of traveler. Let’s explore the. top picks for travel destinations in 2024.(你在为下一个旅游目的地寻找灵感吗?《孤独星球》日前公布了年度最佳旅游目的地榜单。无论你是在寻找冒险、文化还是价值，都有适合每种类型的旅行者的东西。让我们来探索一下。2024年旅游目的地的最佳选择)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地，也就是告知读者。故选C项。 B Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has its unique style of cooking.” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says. Sometimes, his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today. “So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.” 4. When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text? A. Aged 13. B. Aged 14. C. Aged 16. D. Aged 21. 5. How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A. Treat them to Chinese dishes. B. Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C. Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D. Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. 6. What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A. Burns’s ambitions. B. Burns’s achievements. C. Burns’s adventures. D. Burns’s subscribers. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B. Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C. Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D. Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好变得远非正宗，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频（拍摄并上传）展示在家里做的中国菜的丰富美味，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段第二句 “For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China”（对于一个21岁的英国年轻人来说，他在中国度过了头13年的人生）和第六段第一句“Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing”（有趣的是，2016年从北京搬回英国布莱顿后，伯恩斯第一次开始发视频）可知，伯恩斯头13年的人生是在中国度过的，说明他14岁回到了英国的布莱顿。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.”（Burns试图通过在家制作中国菜的视频博客来展示中国菜的丰富多样）可知Max Burns是通过在视频博客上展示真正的中国菜来改变人们对中国菜的错误认知的。故选D。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”（所以，我可以肯定地说，我改变了一些人对中餐的看法。）可知，第五段主要讲了伯恩斯的成就。故选B项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好变得远非正宗，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频（拍摄并上传）展示在家里做的中国菜的丰富美味，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。所以短文的标题为“网红提升了（众人）对中国菜肴的鉴赏力”。故选A项。 C While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up. Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components. Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer. Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”. 8. Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Food waste. B. Garbage littering. C. Energy crisis. D. Environmental pollution. 9. What’s the initial thought of Fabula? A. Using food remains in recipes. B. Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills. C Making a novel building material from leftovers. D. Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices. 10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The diversity of food sources. B. The prospects of the company. C. The innovation of a traditional cuisine. D. The process of developing food concrete. 11. How is food concrete different from common construction materials? A. It can fill stomachs. B. It’s solid and lasting. C. It can prevent disasters. D. It’s delicate but cost-free. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability.(虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是一个严重的问题。)”可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away?(混凝土是世界上使用最广泛的建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会被丢弃。)”可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故选C。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature.(Fabula的研究人员发明了一种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。)”和第二句中的“began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used(从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使用)”以及第三句“It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement.(现在它主要用咖啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。)”可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。故选D。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.(由于这种水泥是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会)”可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。故选A。 D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjoumey or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorised image scraping. The tool works by slightly changing an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unchanged to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 12. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Facilitating. B. Polishing. C. Damaging. D. Collecting. 13. According to the text, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. Affecting the training of generative AI. B. Discriminating against great masterpieces. C. Causing users to forget the prompt key words. D. Increasing the accuracy of returned information. 14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Computer scientists have learned to respect the copyright of most artists. B. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. C. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists B. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training C. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists D. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了数据投毒现象，即利用工具干扰AI图像生成训练，旨在保护艺术家版权并引发技术治理思考 。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. (文本到图像生成器通过在包含数百万或数十亿张图像的大型数据集上进行训练来工作。一些生成器是通过任意地scraping在线图像进行训练的，其中许多图像可能受版权保护)”可知，文本到图像生成器的工作原理是在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练，即生成器是通过收集网上的图像进行训练的，推测scraping意为“收集”，与Collecting意义相近。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The tool works by slightly changing an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unchanged to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. (该工具通过稍微改变图像的像素来工作，这种方式会混淆计算机视觉系统，但不会对人眼产生影响。如果一个组织随后收集这些图像中的一个来训练未来的AI模型，其数据池就会变得“中毒”。这可能导致错误的学习，使生成器返回非预期的结果)”可知，添加被“投毒”的数据会影响生成式AI的训练。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. (例如，人权活动家一段时间以来一直担心机器视觉在更广泛社会中的滥用。在面部识别方面，这种担忧尤为严重。面部识别案例和数据投毒之间存在明显的联系，因为两者都涉及到更大的技术治理问题。也许最好将数据投毒视为解决一些基本人权被剥夺问题的创新方案)”可知，数据投毒在某种程度上是为了引起人们对人权的关注。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead.(您输入提示“蓝天下的红气球”，但生成器返回的是一个鸡蛋的图像)”、第二段“The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work.(你使用的生成器可能已经“中毒”了。这是什么意思？文本到图像生成器通过在包含数百万或数十亿张图像的大型数据集上进行训练来工作。一些生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像可能受版权保护。这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家们指责大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了数据投毒现象，即利用工具干扰AI图像生成训练，旨在保护艺术家版权并引发关于技术治理的思考，数据投毒既可以被视为限制创新，也可以被视为赋予艺术家权力的一种方式，所以“数据投毒：限制创新还是赋予艺术家权力”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When something goes wrong, do you tend to bounce back or fall apart? Here are some strategics to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track toward achieving your goal. ● Realize it’s normal. Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around. It’s normal and expected for setbacks to occur. ___16___ Knowing this, it’s important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises. ● Don’t deny it. Sometimes it’s hard to recognize a setback. The problem can be staring you right in the face, but you may deny there’s any cause for alarm. ___17___ This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn’t mean you’re stupid. It’s just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue. It’s important to be receptive to the honest feedback. ___18___Stop and consider carefully what went wrong. The most common causes of a setback are personal worries, overconfidence, and poor coping skills. Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback: where you were, who you were with, what you were thinking and feeling. ● Learn from it. Learn from your analysis of the setback, and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time. Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again, you actually improve your odds of eventual success. ___19___ Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall. ___20___ After adjusting, you can still make progress toward success again. A. Don’t take it seriously. B. Analyze what happened. C. You haven’t lost all of the knowledge, skills, and support. D. In other words, it’s not whether a challenge will happen, but it’s when. E. This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective. F. Friends or family will voice their concerns, but you still may not be able to accept it. G. You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior. 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些有助于处理个人挫折并回到实现目标的轨道上的策略。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around. It’s normal and expected for setbacks to occur.(只有不到20%的人第一次就成功实现了自己的目标。出现挫折是正常的，也是意料之中的。)”可知，此处是指挫折大概率是会发生的，只是早晚的区别，所以选项D“换句话说，挑战是否会发生并不重要，重要的是何时发生。”切合文意。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Sometimes it’s hard to recognize a setback. The problem can be staring you right in the face, but you may deny there’s any cause for alarm.(有时候很难察觉到挫折。问题可能就在你眼前，但你可能会否认有任何惊慌的理由。)”可知，此处是指即使朋友或家人提醒你也可能无法承认问题的存在，所以选项F“朋友或家人会表达他们的担忧，但你可能仍然无法接受。”切合文意。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Stop and consider carefully what went wrong.(停下来仔细想想哪里出了问题。)”可知，此处是指分析发生的事情，所以选项B“分析发生了什么。”切合文意。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Learn from it. Learn from your analysis of the setback, and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time. Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again, you actually improve your odds of eventual success.(从中吸取教训。从你对挫折的分析中学习，调整你的计划，尽量防止类似的事情再次发生。每次你调整你的计划并再次付诸行动，你实际上提高了最终成功的几率。)”可知，此处是指从挫折中吸取的教训会让你的计划更高效，所以选项E“这是因为你从每一个错误中学习，使你的计划更有效。”切合文意。故选E。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall.(提醒自己，你的挫折是一次滑倒，而不是跌倒。)”和后文“After adjusting, you can still make progress toward success again.(调整之后，你仍然可以再次向成功迈进。)”可知，此处是讲即使面对挫折你仍然具有的优势，所以选项C“你并没有失去所有的知识、技能和支持。”切合文意。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a winter after noon when I tripped over a high kerb (马路牙子). Suddenly, I was flying through the air. It was only the next morning when I tried to take a photo of some splendid sunlight ____21____ into my kitchen, that I had to face the reality: I could no longer lift my camera, let alone use it. Later, a hospital appointment ____22____ my worst fear — the arm needed total rest. Soon I became impatient. I couldn’t travel much. Surfing online, I ____23____ the concept of gratitude intervention, a method to boost ____24____ and well-being by being grateful. I had never been wildly ____25____ about the concept of counting one’s blessings. However, a Californian psychologist, Sonja Lyubomirsky, has ____26____ research into something much more creative — using a daily photography ____27____ as a tool for enhanced gratitude. Lyubomirsky’s instructions are ____28____, but not necessarily easy to carry out. Take photographs throughout the day of things central to who you are. Reading how participants assigned to the gratitude interventions ____29____ experienced enhanced positive emotions, a sense of connectedness, more support, and less _____30_____, I decided to carry on. Taking a single photo was painful, but the _____31_____ to find anything to feel grateful about, and then to record it, started to greatly _____32_____ both my mood and my images. I began to photograph the _____33_____ of my days. Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the daily routines. Life seems repetitive and _____34_____ when you don’t notice the _____35_____ of each moment and the constant small changes that are going on all around you. Don’t just take my word for it — experience it for yourself. 21. A. winding B. streaming C. sticking D. knocking 22. A. confirmed B. removed C. relieved D. overcame 23. A. broke into B. made up C. took down D. came across 24. A. dream B. thought C. mood D. desire 25. A. enthusiastic B. confused C. nervous D. particular 26. A. consulted B. imagined C. pioneered D. observed 27. A. lesson B. skill C. plan D. practice 28. A. complex B. simple C. normal D. abstract 29. A. occasionally B. hardly C. significantly D. slightly 30. A. interruption B. loneliness C. willingness D. motivation 31. A. struggle B. excuse C. opportunity D. promise 32. A. keep B. balance C. ruin D. improve 33. A. details B. surprises C. changes D. achievements 34. A. wonderful B. meaningful C. unfair D. boring 35. A. pain B. anxiety C. uniqueness D. challenge 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在手臂受伤需要休息的情况下，参与了感恩干预的摄影练习，尽管开始时感到困难和痛苦，但作者发现通过记录生活中的细节，可以注意到每时每刻的独特性和生活中的变化，让生活充满乐趣，从而改善了自己的情绪和幸福感。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到第二天早上，当我想拍一张照进厨房的灿烂阳光的照片时，我不得不面对现实：我再也不能举起我的相机了，更不用说使用它了。A. winding蜿蜒；B. streaming照亮；C. sticking贴；D. knocking敲击。根据上文“take a photo of some splendid sunlight”和下文“into my kitchen”可推知，灿烂阳光照进厨房，画面很美，作者想拍下照片。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，赴约前往医院证实了我最担心的事情——手臂需要完全休息。A. confirmed证实；B. removed移除；C. relieved缓解；D. overcame克服。根据下文“Soon I became impatient. I couldn’t travel much.”可知，作者变得不耐烦，不能经常旅行，由此可知，他的确需要减少手臂的使用，因此去医院就诊是证实了他最担心的事情。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上冲浪时，我偶然发现了感恩干预的概念，这是一种通过感恩来改善情绪和幸福感的方法。A. broke into闯入；B. made up编造；C. took down记录；D. came across偶然遇见。根据上文“Surfing online”和下文“the concept of gratitude intervention”可推知，作者是在网上浏览信息时偶然发现了这个概念。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在网上冲浪时，我偶然发现了感恩干预的概念，这是一种通过感恩来改善情绪和幸福感的方法。A. dream梦想；B. thought思考；C. mood情绪；D. desire欲望。根据下文“Reading how participants assigned to the gratitude interventions ____9____ experienced enhanced positive emotions, a sense of connectedness, more support, and less ____10____”可知，参与实验的人体验到了情绪上的改善，因此这是通过感恩来改善情绪和幸福感的方法。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有对感恩这个概念有过狂热的热情。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. particular特定的。根据下文表示转折的“However”，以及作者后来真的尝试使用这种方法可推知，此处指作者一开始其实并没有多大的热情。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，加利福尼亚的心理学家Sonja Lyubomirsky开创了一项更有创意的研究——用每天的摄影练习作为增强感恩的工具。A. consulted咨询；B. imagined想象；C. pioneered开辟；D. observed观察。根据下文“research into something much more creative — using a daily photography ____7____ as a tool for enhanced gratitude”可推知，这名心理学家是做出了更进一步的研究，开创了更有创意的每日摄影练习，以此增强感恩。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，加利福尼亚的心理学家Sonja Lyubomirsky开创了一项更有创意的研究——用每天的摄影练习作为增强感恩的工具。A. lesson课程；B. skill技能；C. plan计划；D. practice练习。根据下文“Take photographs throughout the day of things central to who you are.”可知，增强感恩的工具是每天的摄影练习。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lyubomirsky的建议很简单，但未必容易执行。A. complex复杂的；B. simple简单的；C. normal正常的；D. abstract抽象的。根据下文“but not necessarily easy to carry out”可知，此处有转折，虽然建议很简单，但执行起来未必容易。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到被分配到感恩干预组的参与者如何显著地体验到增强的积极情绪、联系感、更多的支持和更少的孤独感，我决定继续下去。A. occasionally偶尔；B. hardly几乎不；C. significantly明显地；D. slightly轻微地。根据下文“I decided to carry on”可知，作者决定继续下去，由此推知，作者是看到研究中的参与者显著地体验到情绪好转，觉得这种方法有效。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到被分配到感恩干预组的参与者如何显著地体验到增强的积极情绪、联系感、更多的支持和更少的孤独感，我决定继续下去。A. interruption中断；B. loneliness孤独；C. willingness愿意；D. motivation动力。根据上文“experienced enhanced positive emotions, a sense of connectedness, more support”可知，参与者体验到的是增强的积极情绪、联系感、更多的支持，情绪在好转，因此是更少的孤独感。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：拍一张照片是很痛苦的，但努力寻找任何值得感激的东西，然后把它记录下来，这开始极大地改善了我的情绪和我的形象。A. struggle努力；B. excuse借口；C. opportunity机会；D. promise承诺。根据下文“started to greatly ____12____ both my mood and my images”可推知，能对情绪和形象起到真正的影响的应该是真的去努力寻找任何值得感激的东西，并进行记录。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拍一张照片是很痛苦的，但努力寻找任何值得感激的东西，然后把它记录下来，这开始极大地改善了我的情绪和我的形象。A. keep保持；B. balance平衡；C. ruin毁坏；D. improve改善。根据下文“Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the daily routines.”可知，作者在日常生活中找到魔力，因此情绪和形象是被改善了。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始拍摄我日常生活的细节。A. details细节；B. surprises惊喜；C. changes变化；D. achievements成就。根据下文“Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the daily routines”可知，作者在日常生活中找到魔力，由此推知，作者拍摄的是日常生活的细节，虽然很寻常，却有神奇之处。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你没有注意到每时每刻的独特性和你周围不断发生的小变化时，生活就会变得重复而无聊。A. wonderful精彩的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. unfair不公平的；D. boring无聊的。根据上文“Life seems repetitive”可推知，boring“无聊的”符合语境，可以和repetitive“重复”并列，表示生活变得重复而无聊。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你没有注意到每时每刻的独特性和你周围不断发生的小变化时，生活就会变得重复而无聊。A. pain痛苦；B. anxiety焦虑；C. uniqueness独特性；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Life seems repetitive”可推知，人觉得生活变得重复是因为没有留心到每时每刻的独特性。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has nearly 5,000 years of ___36___ (record) history. However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than ___37___ of its writing, which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the furniture was hand-made using high-quality hardwood ___38___ raw materials, which are now rare and expensive. Ordinary people often use wood such as pine, elm, and beech, but the quality between the woods ___39___ (differ) greatly. Classical furniture is mostly made by hand. Modern machines cannot ___40___ (complete) replace handwork. The shapes carved by the machine are neat but the lines are rigid and lacking vitality. The most delicate aspect of Chinese classical furniture is the structural part of the furniture—mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) work. Combining pieces of wood together, ___41___ (use) nothing more than the wood itself, is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China. It was first discovered in the wooden structure of the Hemudu site ___42___ the ancestors lived more than 7,000 years ago. This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the ___43___ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. Ancient Chinese ___44___ (philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture. For example, Confucianism emphasizes gentleness and moderation. ____45____ (achieve) that, skilled carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture. That’s why Chinese furniture always displays both balance and stability. 【答案】36. recorded 37. that 38. as 39. differs 40. completely 41. using 42. where 43. creativity 44. philosophies 45. To achieve 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了中国家具的悠久历史、制作材料、手工艺、榫卯结构的特点以及与中国古代哲学的关联。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国有近5000年的历史记载。分析句子成分可知，空处为定语修饰空后的名词“history”，动词record和名词history之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。故填recorded。 【37题详解】 考查代词。句意：然而，中国家具的历史甚至比它的文字还要悠久，它可以追溯到7000多年前的河姆渡文化。代词代指上文出现的“the history”，有后置定语，用代词“that”代指。故填that。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：明清时期的家具多为手工制作，以优质硬木为原料，如今这种木材已十分稀少，价格昂贵。介词的用法，意为“作为、以……为”，用介词“as”。故填as。 【39题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一般人常用的木材有松木、榆树、山毛榉等，但这些木材的质量差别很大。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上文时态可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the quality”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填differs。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：古典家具大多是手工制作的。现代机器不能完全取代手工。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词。故填completely。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国古代，只使用木材就可以将木块组合在一起，这是所有木匠的基本技能。非谓语动词担当状语，表示主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填using。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它最初是在7000多年前祖先居住的河姆渡遗址的木结构中发现的。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Hemudu site”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：它代表了中国工匠的聪明才智和艺术卓越性。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。故填creativity。 【44题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：此外，中国传统家具深受古代哲学思想的影响。根据句意和空格后的have可知，空处为名词的复数形式担当主语。故填philosophies。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了做到这一点，熟练的木匠正确地匹配了家具的曲线和直线。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填To achieve。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，请写封邮件给美国的笔友Jack，讲述学校于上周五上午在操场举办的每年一度的以“感恩、责任、成长、梦想”为主题的成人礼（coming-of-age ceremony）。邮件内容主要包括： 1. 成人礼概况； 2. 你的感受； 3. 询问美国的成人礼情况。 注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，使结构完整。 2. 词数100左右。 Dear Jack, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lihua 【答案】Dear Jack, How is everything going? So excited am I to tell you about the annual Coming-of-age Ceremony held in our school last Friday morning. It lasted for two hours from 9 to 11 o'clock in our school stadium. With the theme represented as “gratitude, responsibility, growth and dream”, it had invited both our parents and teachers, to whom we sincerely expressed our gratitude during the ceremony. Following that, we conveyed our determination to be a better self in the future, to fully shoulder our responsibility for both our family and society and to spare no effort to make our dreams come true. Every student was excited and emotional not only because of the adulthood itself, but because of what it gives to us — more independence, more courage, bigger dreams and fuller responsibility. Do you have an annual coming-of-age ceremony or something similar? If so, could you tell me something about it? Thank you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国的笔友Jack写封邮件，介绍成人礼概况、你的感受以及询问美国的成人礼情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感谢：appreciation→gratitude 肩负：undertake→shoulder 感动的：moved→emotional 尽力做：try one’s best to= spare no effort to 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：So excited am I to tell you about the annual Coming-of-age Ceremony held in our school last Friday morning. It lasted for two hours from 9 to 11 o'clock in our school stadium. 拓展句：So excited am I to tell you about the annual Coming-of-age Ceremony held in our school last Friday morning, which lasted for two hours from 9 to 11 o'clock in our school stadium. 【点睛】[高分句型1] With the theme represented as “gratitude, responsibility, growth and dream”, it had invited both our parents and teachers, to whom we sincerely expressed our gratitude during the ceremony. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Every student was excited and emotional not only because of the adulthood itself, but because of what it gives to us — more independence, more courage, bigger dreams and fuller responsibility. (运用了what引导宾语从句) 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A light rain was falling as my sister Jill and I ran out of the shop，eager to get home and play with the presents that our parents had prepared for us and our baby sister, Sharon.Across the street from the shop was a gas station where the Greyhound bus stopped，which was closed for New Year，but I saw a family standing outside the locked door，gathering closely together under the narrow overhang in an attempt to keep dry.I wondered briefly why they were there but then forgot about them as I raced to keep up with Jill. Once we got home，there was barely time to enjoy our presents.We had to go off to our grandparents’ house for our annual family dinner.As we drove down the highway through town，I noticed that the family was still there，standing outside the closed gas station. My father was driving very slowly down the highway.The closer we got to the turnoff(岔道) for my grandparents’ house，the slower the car went.Suddenly，my father made a U­turn in the middle of the road and said that he couldn’t stand it.“What？” asked my mother.“It’s those people back there at the station，standing in the rain.They’ve got children.It’s New Year.I can’t stand it.” When my father pulled into the service station，I saw that there were five of them: the parents and three children—two girls and a small boy，who were getting wet standing there. My father rolled down his window.“Happy New Year，” he said. “Thanks. You, too，” the man replied. He was very tall and had to bend slightly to look into the car. Jill, Sharon, and I looked at the children，and they looked back at us. “You waiting on the bus？” my father asked. The man said that they were. They were going to Birmingham, where he had a brother and chances of a job. Knowing the bus wouldn’t come along for several hours, my father invited them to our home to shelter from the rain. Paragraph 1： The man thought about it for a moment，but then refused ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： When we got out of the car at our house，the three children ran through the front door happily ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 The man thought about it for a moment，but then refused. He said he didn’t want to put us to any bother.My father explained that the rain would last long and our house was near the station.After my parents’strong persuasion，he finally agreed and thanked us all the time. They climbed into the car.They had no luggage，only the clothes they were wearing.Once they settled in，my father looked back over his shoulder handing them some tissues to wipe the rainwater from their faces. When we got out of the car at our house，the three children ran through the front door happily. My mother noticed all their clothes were wet，so she found some of ours for them to change. Jill and I decided to share our New Year presents with the children. One of the girls chose Jill’s doll and immediately hugged it to her breast. When the rain stopped，my father drove them to the station. As they drove away, I watched out the window as long as I could, looking back at their happy faces. That was the day when Jill and I learned the joy of making others happy. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。 【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，天下着雨，长途汽车因为新年而关闭了，门外站着一家人在等长途汽车，长途汽车要几小时才来，我们一家人本已经在去祖父母家参加家庭聚会的高速路上，但父亲想到这一家人还在那里等待，就掉头回去邀请他们到我们家避雨。…… 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：这个人想了一会儿，然后拒绝了。……，所以接下应该写这个人拒绝的原因以及父亲再次真诚的邀请。第二段开头是：当我们在我们家下车时，三个孩子高兴地从前门跑了进来。……，所以接下来应该写我们与孩子在家里发生的事情，比如为孩子换上干净的衣服（因为外面一直下雨，孩子的衣服有可能淋湿了），再比如分享新年礼物等。雨停了，爸爸开车送他们去车站。当他们开车离开时，我久久地望着窗外，回望着他们幸福的脸。就是在那一天，吉尔和我学会了如何让别人快乐。 续写时要求短文的词数应为150左右，故应提前构思，详略得当，避免长篇大论。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了较多的主从复合句。如：.My father explained that the rain would last long and our house was near the station.这句话运用了that引导的宾语从句；如：As they drove away, I watched out the window as long as I could, looking back at their happy faces.这个句子中有as引导的时间状语从句 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$