Unit 3 The world of Science Using language 现在完成时的被动语态 语法讲练 课件-2024-2025学年高一下学期英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

author: Miss. Liu Unit3 The world of science语法讲练 现在完成时的被动语态 【语法导图】 现在完成时的被动语态 概述 构成 用法 注意事项 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能一直持续下去 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词 用于时间或条件状语从句中 一、概述 Eg: Our bedroom has been cleaned, so you needn’t clean it again. 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作,有两层含义: ①动作已完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果;②主语与谓语动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 我们的卧室已经被打扫过了,所以你不需要再打扫一遍了。 These flowers have been watered. You can take photos with them. 这些花已经浇过水了,你可以拍合照了。 3 二、构成 肯定式 主语+have/has been done... 否定式 主语+have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has +主语+been done...? 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...? 【即学即练】 1. Paper money ____________(use) for over a thousand years. 2. --____________the letter ____________(send) to Mr. Black? --No.It is still on the desk. 3.You can see the house ___________________(not,paint) for years. 4.--Why does Mary look so unhappy? --She __________________(laugh) at by her classmates. 5.自1990年以来，这家工厂生产了多少辆汽车？ How many cars _________________by the factory since 1990? has been used Has been sent has not been painted has been laughed has been produced 1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能一直持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于how long..?句型。 Eg: How long have you been employed by this company?你受雇于这家公司多久了? The financial problem has been discussed for nearly 3 hours. 这个财政问题已经讨论了接近3小时了。 三、用法 Eg: You shouln’t have a rest before your homework has been finished. 在你完成作业之前,你不应该休息。 3.用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来的某个时间已经完成的动作,也就是用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:recently, lately, since then, ever since, by now, for a long time, ever, in recent years, yet, already, so far等等。 【点拨】 7 四、注意事项 1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 Eg: His boss has already punished him. → He has already been punished by his boss. 他的老板已经惩罚了他。 2.带有双宾语的动词,比如give, bring tell, send, take, teach, show, make ,sing, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 Eg: The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. → He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company./ A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently. 最近公司给了他一次出国工作的机会。 8 【即学即练】 一、把下列句子转为被动句。 1.I haven’t found my schoolbag. →__________________________________________. 2.He has sold out all his bikes in the shop. →_____________________________________________________. 3.People have cut down many big trees slong the stream to build houses. →______________________________________________________________________ 4.They have spent large quantities of funds in bringing up the three children. →______________________________________________________________________ My schoolbag hasn’t been found by me All his bikes in the shop have been sold out by him Many big trees along the stream have been cut down by people to build houses. Large quantities of funds have been spent by them in bringing up the three children. 二、单句语法填空 1. Over the past ten years, this town_________________(hit) twice by earthquakes. 2. The construction of the laboratory_________________(complete) by the end of last year. 3. The shop is reported to ___________________(break) into last night in the local newspaper. 4. Since the cause of this disease___________________(discover), now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 5. A great deal of money___________________(spend) in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week. has been hit had been completed have been broken has been discovered has been spent 6. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they____________________(promise)before leaving their hometowns. 7.By now 516 Confucius Institutes___________________________(found) in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters. 8.The singer's music video___________________(view) nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. 9. She has achieved success in writing, and has completed a large number of works, whichoom____________________(translate) into forty languages so far.10.In the last few months,Kenny _______________(fine) more than 1,000 dollars for selling illegal drugs. have been promised have been founded has been viewed have been translated has been fined 二.语法与写作 1.我想买那种布,因为有人告诉我那种布很耐洗。 I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ___________________________________. 2.你的任务一完成,你就可以回家了。 You can go home as soon as your task ________________________. 3.当你把试卷拿回来的时候,要特别注意被标记的内容。 When you get the paper back,pay special attention to_____________________________. 4.有多少次你被告知不要玩火? How many times________________________________fire? 5.在过去的几年里,世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。 In the last few years, ________________________________________all over the world. have been told the cloth washes well has been finished what has been marked have you been told not to play with thousands of films have been produced 三.语法与语篇 用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文 The world 1_______________(turn) upside down since the invention of the Internet and the introduction of personal computers. The twin inventions of the personal computer and the Internet 2__________________(consider) to be among the two most important events of the last century. Shopping 3__________________(change) completely by now. More and more people order things from clothes to toys and to foods online and have them delivered directly to their homes. In addition ,social communication 4__________________(take over) by the Internet. Games, music, movies and so on 5_________________(influence) by the Internet during the last decades. has been turned have been considered has been changed has been taken over have been influenced Thanks for your listening! $$