Unit3 The World of Science 阅读完形提高训练- 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题（外研版2019必修第三册)

Unit3 The World of Science阅读完形提高训练 - 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019必修第三册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1.Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity. Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land. It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product. This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind. In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible. Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat. Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet. “Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” he says. Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is an extremely complex process, says Ma, adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed. He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol (甲醇). Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic (酶的) processes. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch. Thellab-made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature. 1．Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level? A．It will have a positive influence on climate change. B．It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind. C．It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts. D．It will help save several sources from water to farming land. 2．Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab-made starch? A．Making starch faster. B．Collecting enough raw materials. C．Repeating the photosynthesis of plants. D．Involving methanol in the making process. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Starch, an important complex carbohydrate. B．The great benefits of starch. C．Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch. D．Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change. 4．In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the text? A．Science. B．Lifestyle. C．Environment. D．Health. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电力制造淀粉的技术突破及其对环境、食品生产和太空探索的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land.(专家表示，如果这种技术能够大规模推广到工业化水平，它可能会彻底改变这种关键营养素和工业原料的生产方式，因为这不需要种植和加工大量的淀粉类作物，如红薯和玉米，从而节省更多的水资源、肥料和耕地)”可知，该技术在工业化水平上的潜在好处包括节约水资源、肥料和耕地，D选项正确；根据第三段中“This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.(这将有助于减少碳排放并对抗气候变化，特别是当所使用的电力来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源时)”可知，该技术对气候变化有积极影响，A选项正确；根据第四段中“In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible.(在太空探索中，它可能为宇航员提供一种可持续的食物来源，使他们在进行长途太空旅行及尝试殖民其他无法种植食物的星球时得到补给)”可知，该技术可以为宇航员提供实际的食物解决方案，C选项正确。而B选项“它将有助于生产可再生能源，如太阳能和风能”并不是该技术工业化水平的潜在好处，原文中第三段中提到“This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.(这将有助于减少碳排放并对抗气候变化，特别是当所使用的电力来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源时)”，是说如果使用的电力来自可再生能源，将有助于减少碳排放和对抗气候变化，而不是说该技术本身会生产可再生能源。因此，B选项不是该技术可能带来的潜在好处。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed.(该研究的第一作者之一蔡涛说，六年来，他的团队一直专注于一个项目：如何制造淀粉，但速度更快)”和最后一段中“With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch.(在超级计算的帮助下，中国科学家将天然淀粉的制造过程从大约60个步骤简化为11个步骤，并生产出淀粉)”可推知，团队六年专注于提高制造淀粉的速度，将自然生产淀粉的60步简化为人工合成淀粉的11步，可推知制造实验室合成淀粉最大的困难可能是更快制造淀粉。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。文章开篇便指出“Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity.(中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电合成了淀粉，这是一种在植物中发现的复杂碳水化合物)”，后文围绕该技术的工业化可能带来的变革、对环境的益处、在太空探索中的作用以及制造过程等方面展开论述，即文章主要描述了中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉这一成就及其潜在的应用前景。故C选项“Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch.(中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉)”准确地概括了文章的核心内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在制造淀粉方面的科学技术，包括制造淀粉所使用的原料、制造过程、技术的优势以及可能的应用领域等，这些内容都属于科学范畴。因此，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的“科学”部分。故选A。 Passage2.In a world where environmental concerns are at the forefront, a young and innovative student has made a significant mark. Madison Checketts, during her leisurely walks along her favourite beach in California, US, was met with a frustrating sight. The once-beautiful shoreline was now packed with wasted plastic water bottles, a cruel reminder of the global plastic pollution crisis. For Madison, who held this beach dear to her heart, seeing it ruined by these non-biodegradable items was deeply upset. The astonishing statistic that Americans cast away 60 million plastic bottles daily, with many of them ultimately ending up in landfills or the vast ocean, was a call to action she couldn’t ignore. Driven by a strong sense-of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco-friendly solution. She named her creative water bottle the Eco-Hero. The magic behind this unique water bottle lies in its material calcium lactate (乳酸钙), a chemical compound. When processed, it undergoes a fascinating transformation from a soft material into a solid, edible shell. This not only makes the Eco-Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience. The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. Madison’s remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned Us science competition for young people. Beyond the prizes, she has a far-reaching aspiration. She hopes that her Eco-Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young student to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place. 1．What made Madison Checketts decide to create the Eco-Hero? A．The drive to protect her favourite beach. B．The high prize of the science competition. C．The dream of becoming a famous inventor. D．The cruel statistics of the global plastic pollution. 2．What can we infer from the passage about the Eco-Hero? A．It will replace traditional plastic bottles soon. B．It is good for the environment and interesting. C．It is more expensive than ordinary plastic bottles. D．It has a strong sweet flavor that people may dislike 3．What can we know about Madison’s participation in the science competition? A．She’ll profit a lot from the competition. B．Her school strongly supported her invention. C．All finalists focus on plastic-related solutions. D．The competition values environmental inventions. 4．Which of the following could best describe Madison Checketts? A．Adaptable and cautious. B．Ambitious and competitive. C．Imaginative and responsible. D．Detail-oriented and persistent. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco-Hero的过程及意义。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Madison Checketts, during her leisurely walks along her favourite beach in California, US, was met with a frustrating sight. The once-beautiful shoreline was now packed with wasted plastic water bottles, a cruel reminder of the global plastic pollution crisis. For Madison, who held this beach dear to her heart, seeing it ruined by these non-biodegradable items was deeply upset. (Madison Checketts在美国加利福尼亚州她最喜欢的海滩上悠闲漫步时，看到了令人沮丧的一幕。曾经美丽的海岸线如今堆满了废弃的塑料水瓶，这残酷地提醒着人们全球塑料污染危机的存在。对于视这片海滩为心头所爱的麦迪逊来说，看到它被这些不可生物降解的物品破坏，内心深感不安)”以及第三段“The astonishing statistic that Americans cast away 60 million plastic bottles daily, with many of them ultimately ending up in landfills or the vast ocean, was a call to action she couldn’t ignore. (有一个惊人的数据，美国人每天会扔掉6000万个塑料瓶，其中许多最终都被填埋或流入了浩瀚的海洋，这是一个她无法忽视的行动号召)”和第四段“Driven by a strong sense-of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco-friendly solution. (在强烈的责任感驱使下，麦迪逊回到家，立即着手寻找一种环保的解决方案)”可知，麦迪逊非常珍视她最喜欢的这片海滩，看到海滩被不可降解的塑料瓶破坏让她很沮丧，所以保护这片她喜爱的海滩的动力促使她决定创造“Eco-Hero”水瓶。故选A。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“This not only makes the Eco-Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience. The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. (这不仅使“Eco-Hero”成为一种环保的选择，因为它可生物降解，能随着时间自然分解，而且还带来了一种新颖有趣的体验。这种瓶子带有淡淡的甜味，甚至能让瓶中的水也有一丝微妙的甜味)”可知，Eco-Hero对环境有益且有趣。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Madison’s remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned Us science competition for young people. (麦迪逊的非凡发明理所当然地为她赢得了美国一项著名青少年科学竞赛决赛的参赛资格)”以及前文Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco-Hero的过程，可知这个竞赛重视环保发明。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Driven by a strong sense-of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco-friendly solution. She named her creative water bottle the Eco-Hero. The magic behind this unique water bottle lies in its material calcium lactate (乳酸钙), a chemical compound. When processed, it undergoes a fascinating transformation from a soft material into a solid, edible shell. This not only makes the Eco-Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience. The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. (在强烈的责任感驱使下，麦迪逊回到家，立即着手寻找一种环保的解决方案。她将自己富有创意的水瓶命名为“Eco-Hero”。这款独特水瓶的神奇之处在于其材质——乳酸钙，一种化合物。经过加工后，它会经历从柔软材料到坚硬、可食用外壳的奇妙转变。这不仅使“Eco-Hero”成为一种环保的选择，因为它可生物降解，能随着时间自然分解，而且还带来了一种新颖有趣的体验。这种瓶子带有淡淡的甜味，甚至能让瓶中的水也有一丝微妙的甜味。)”以及最后一段中“She hopes that her Eco-Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young student to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place. (她希望自己的“Eco-Hero”水瓶能成为一种激励，鼓舞无数其他年轻学生采取行动，无论这些行动多么微小，都朝着让世界变得更可持续、更美好的方向努力)”可知，Madison富有责任感和想象力。故选C。 Passage3.Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study. The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding their family relationships using a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview, which is considered the “gold standard” of assessing one’s attachment state of mind. Jessica Stern, lead author of the study, said this motivated the teens to share descriptions and stories about their families. Researchers paid attention to not only what the teens said but also how they expressed it. After these initial interviews, researchers went back to the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and observed their interactions with a close friend. The researchers noted how the participants responded when their friend presented a problem and revealed it to them, assessing the participants’ extension of empathy. Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens. It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavior by age 18. This is cause for hope, Stern said, because it may indicate that those empathic skills can develop over time for adolescents who don’t have great relationships at home. Having strong friendships or a trusted teacher might make an impact on insecure teens’ empathy. More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s. The researchers are interested in seeing how the empathic abilities they examined in the teens now shape their romantic relationships and parenting behavior as adults. Being able    to pick up on other people’s emotions and see from their point of view is important “for a variety of other things that we consider success in the world,” Stern said. For parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity of empathy and really investing in relationships with teens. Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior. 1．What do we know about the research? A．It was a long-term study. B．It revealed gender differences. C．It involved big data analysis. D．It explored problem-solving strategies. 2．What can be inferred about the less secure teens during the study? A．They showed a decline in empathy. B．They became more eager for empathy. C．They maintained consistent levels of empathy. D．They initially struggled but improved in empathy. 3．What would help adolescents develop empathy according to the last paragraph? A．Demonstrating empathy in action. B．Rewarding their progress in empathy. C．Engaging them in classroom discussions. D．Monitoring their interpersonal relationships. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The power of empathy for future success. B．Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds. C．The impact of friendship on adolescent empathy. D．Attachment theory and teens’ empathy development. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明家庭关系紧密稳固的青少年更具同理心，且部分青少年同理心可随时间发展，还强调了培养青少年同理心的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually.(这项由弗吉尼亚大学青少年研究小组进行的研究，跟踪了 174 名年龄在 14 岁至 18 岁之间的青少年，并每年追踪他们的进展情况。)”以及第四段第一句“More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s.(目前正在对这一特定的参与者群体进行更多的研究，他们现在都已步入30多岁。)”可知，这项研究从青少年时期一直持续到他们30多岁，是一项长期的研究。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens.(与家庭关系不太稳固的青少年相比，在16岁和17岁时，家庭关系更稳固的青少年对朋友表现出更高的同理心。)”以及第四句“It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens ‘caught up’ in their empathic behavior by age 18.(不过，这也不全是坏消息，因为到18岁时，家庭关系不太稳固的青少年在同理心行为方面‘赶上了’。)”可知，家庭关系不太稳固的青少年一开始在同理心方面表现不如家庭关系稳固的青少年，但到18岁时有所改善。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior.(提供同理心行为的榜样，包括以友善、尊重和支持的态度对待他人，可以帮助青少年将这种行为内化。)”可知，通过实际行动展示同理心有助于青少年发展同理心。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study.(一项新的研究表明，与家人关系亲密、稳固的青少年更有可能对同龄人表现出同理心。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了青少年的同理心与家庭关系之间的联系。所以B选项Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds(青少年的同理心与家庭纽带相关) 符合文意。故选B项。 Passage4.You know that old debate about whether dogs are smarter than cats? Well, science now has a definite answer. It’s dogs. That’s the conclusion of an international group of researchers, who found that dogs have twice as many neurons (神经元) as cats. Neurons are cells that deal with information. And so, the more neurons an animal has, the better its information processing capability, these scientists say. The study was carried out by researchers from six universities in the US, Brazil, Denmark and South Africa. It’s going to be published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. The research was done in the lab of Suzana Herculano-Houzel, an associate professor of psychology and biological sciences at Vanderbilt University. Until recently, scientists interested in comparing intelligence across species were limited to using brain size as a sign. “In 2005, my lab came up with a very simple, quick and inexpensive way to count the cells in brains and brain parts,” Herculano-Houzel said. What the researchers did was take some brain matter and basically turn it into a soup. This freed up the cell nuclei (细胞核) so that the scientists could count them directly under a microscope. This is what they found when they looked at the cerebral cortex of cats and dogs. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that processes information. A cat’s cerebral cortex has 250 million neurons. A 15-pound mixed-breed (混合种) dog’s has 429 million. When they looked at a 64-pound golden retriever (猎犬), the number was even higher: 627 million neurons. “So, it’s plausible to say that dogs have about twice as many neurons as cats in their cerebral cortex,” she said. “And this means that dogs can do more thinking things than cats.” 1．What does the author imply about the old debate? A．It was surprising. B．It was meaningless. C．It was easily solved. D．It had no clear result. 2．Why did the researchers turn some brain matter into a soup? A．To wake up neurons. B．To study brain growth. C．To see neurons clearly. D．To study cortex better. 3．What affects the neuron numbers of dogs? A．Practice. B．Weights. C．Thinking. D．Lifestyles. 4．What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph? A．reasonable. B．important. C．surprising. D．fearless. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明狗比猫聪明，因为狗的神经元更多。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“You know that old debate about whether dogs are smarter than cats? Well, science now has a definite answer.(你知道那个关于狗是否比猫聪明的古老的争论吗？现在，科学有了明确的答案)”可推知，以前这个争论是没有明确答案的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中““In 2005, my lab came up with a very simple, quick and inexpensive way to count the cells in brains and brain parts,” Herculano-Houzel said. What the researchers did was take some brain matter and basically turn it into a soup. This freed up the cell nuclei (细胞核) so that the scientists could count them directly under a microscope.(“2005年，我的实验室提出了一种非常简单、快速且经济的方法来计算大脑及大脑各部分中的细胞数量，”Herculano-Houzel说道。研究人员所做的就是取一些脑组织，将其基本转化为一种“汤”。这一过程释放了细胞核，从而使科学家能够直接在显微镜下对它们进行计数)”可知，研究人员把一些大脑物质变成“汤”是为了让细胞核分离出来，从而能在显微镜下直接数细胞核数量，也就是为了更清楚地观察神经元。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A 15-pound mixed-breed (混合种) dog’s has 429 million.(一只15磅重的混合品种狗的脂肪有4.29亿)”和最后一段中“When they looked at a 64-pound golden retriever (猎犬), the number was even higher: 627 million neurons.(当他们观察一只64磅重的金毛猎犬时，这个数字甚至更高：6.27亿个神经元。)”可知，重量影响狗的神经元数量。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“A cat’s cerebral cortex has 250 million neurons. A 15-pound mixed-breed (混合种) dog’s has 429 million.(猫的大脑皮层有2.5亿个神经元，而一只15磅重的混血狗的大脑皮层则有4.29亿个神经元)”以及“When they looked at a 64-pound golden retriever (猎犬), the number was even higher: 627 million neurons.(当他们观察一只64磅重的金毛猎犬时，这个数字甚至更高：6.27亿个神经元)”，可知，狗的神经元数量大约是猫的两倍，从而推知划线词句“So, it’s plausible to say that dogs have about twice as many neurons as cats in their cerebral cortex(所以，狗的大脑皮层中的神经元大约是猫的两倍的说法是plausible)”中划线词应为“合理的”意思，与A项同义。故选A项。 Passage5.A new study, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), found the benefits of letter-spacing and coloured overlays (涂层) among a group of dyslexic (诵读困难的)  and non-dyslexic children. It discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups of children. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the comparison group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase in reading speed. The study involved 59 children aged between 11 and 15,32 of whom had dyslexia, with 27 non-dyslexic children forming a control group. The participants were from six UK schools in Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and London. Participants read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter-spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. The children were instructed to read these texts out loud while being recorded. The recordings were used to measure the number of errors they made—specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participants’ reading time. In addition to improving reading speed of children with and without dyslexia, the larger letter-spacing also resulted in a significant reduction in the number of words being missed by the children with dyslexia. Dr Stagg said, “We believe that extra-large letter-spacing reduces what is known as the ‘crowding effect’, which can prevent the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.” When viewed in the context of previous research, the findings strongly suggest that teaching professionals should be confident that all children will be helped by increased letter-spacing in reading materials. It’s a relatively simple change for teachers to make when they produce handout s and exercises, and children with dyslexia won’t feel singled out by the introduction of specially adapted reading materials, as this change is something that everyone can benefit from. The study showed colored overlays didn’t affect reading speed or error reduction in children. Despite this, Dr. Stagg recommends using them, as they might improve reading stamina (耐力). 1．What does the new study focus on according to Paragraph 1? A．The features of dyslexia. B．The gap in children’s reading ability. C．Ways of examining children’s comprehension. D．Certain factors helping improve children’s reading ability. 2．What did the researchers do during the study? A．They asked children to document the reading material. B．They taught children some reading skills. C．They studied the recordings of children’s reading. D．They observed children’s performances in class. 3．How are children with dyslexic affected by the “crowding effect”? A．They may read materials faster than usual. B．They may make more mistakes when reading. C．They are forced to reflect on themselves more. D．They are willing to spend more time reading. 4．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 5? A．The significance of previous dyslexia children research. B．The necessity of paying attention to children with dyslexia. C．The suggestions and expectations from teaching professionals. D．The practicability and benefits of specially adapted reading materials. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于调整字母间距和彩色涂层对阅读障碍儿童及普通儿童阅读能力影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), found the benefits of letter-spacing and coloured overlays (涂层) among a group of dyslexic (诵读困难的) and non-dyslexic children. It discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups of children.(Anglia Ruskin University的Steven Stagg博士领导的一项新研究发现，在一组有阅读困难和非阅读困难的儿童中，字母间距和彩色重叠有好处。研究发现，字母间距增大的文本对两组儿童都有好处。)”可知，这项新研究的重点是帮助提高儿童阅读能力的一些因素。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The recordings were used to measure the number of errors they made—specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participants’ reading time.(这些录音被用来测量他们犯的错误的数量——特别是遗漏的单词、增加的单词、错误的单词和发音——以及参与者的阅读时间。)”可知，研究人员在研究过程中研究了儿童阅读的录音。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“We believe that extra-large letter-spacing reduces what is known as the ‘crowding effect’, which can prevent the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.(我们认为，过大的字母间距减少了所谓的“拥挤效应”，这可能会阻碍字母的识别并降低阅读速度。)”可推断拥挤效应会导致更多阅读错误。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第五段“When viewed in the context of previous research, the findings strongly suggest that teaching professionals should be confident that all children will be helped by increased letter-spacing in reading materials. It’s a relatively simple change for teachers to make when they produce handout s and exercises, and children with dyslexia won’t feel singled out by the introduction of specially adapted reading materials, as this change is something that everyone can benefit from.(在之前的研究背景下，研究结果强烈表明，教学专业人员应该相信，阅读材料中增加字母间距对所有孩子都有帮助。对于老师来说，这是一个相对简单的改变，当他们制作讲义和练习时，有阅读障碍的孩子不会因为引入特别改编的阅读材料而感到被孤立，因为这种改变是每个人都能从中受益的。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是专门改编的阅读材料的可行性与益处。故选D。 Passage6.We’ve all been in a position where our phone runs out of battery, but we don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices juiced. The prototype (样品) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are comprised of silicon (硅), wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy in the fabric’s composition when it is compared to standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype has shown how we could do away with charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power inventions are key to transitioning (转变) human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help facilitate the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 1．Why is the new fabric special? A．It can change color in the sun. B．It can adjust body temperature. C．It can produce electricity from sunlight. D．It is much tougher than standard clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Distinction. B．Mismatch. C．Improvement. D．Similarity. 3．How does the invention impact our relationship with technology according to Theodore? A．By making electronic devices much cheaper. B．By reducing the demand for fixed charging equipment. C．By making us more aware of our energy consumption. D．By gradually increasing our dependence on electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Solar-Powered Fabric: Charging Devices on the Go. B．Future Fabric Trends: Beyond Traditional Textiles. C．An Inventive Silicon: Recycling for Energy Efficiency. D．Traditional Fabric Technology: Challenges in Development. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了诺丁汉特伦特大学研发的一种新型太阳能充电布料及其应用潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices juiced.(现在，最新的时尚突破将“运动服”带向了一个全新的方向：诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员开发了一种新的面料，可以让小型设备保持活力)”以及第二段“The prototype (样品) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices.(样品包括1200块微型太阳能电池板，每块只有5乘1.5毫米。它可以产生400毫瓦的电能，足以给电子设备充电)”可知，该布料的核心特性是利用太阳能发电。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine.(我们开发的这种材料在外观和性能上与任何普通织物一样，因为它可以在机器中洗涤)”以及划线词后文“in the fabric’s composition when it is compared to standard clothing(当与标准服装相比时)”可知，这种材料在外观和性能上与任何普通织物一样，说明穿戴者无法注意到织物成分的差异。故“discrepancy”在此处指“差异”或“区别”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype has shown how we could do away with charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore.(“电子织物确实有潜力改变人们与技术的关系，因为这个原型已经向我们展示了如何摆脱在墙上为许多设备充电，”西奥多补充道)”可知，该发明旨在减少对固定充电设备的依赖。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices juiced.(现在，最新的时尚突破将“运动服”带向了一个全新的方向：诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员开发了一种新的面料，可以让小型设备保持活力)”以及文章介绍了诺丁汉特伦特大学研发的一种新型太阳能充电布料及其应用潜力。选项A“太阳能织物：移动充电设备”准确概括主题，可以作为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage7.Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviors at the same time: rolling forward, turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. The equipment, which operates without human or computer control, holds promise for developing soft robots that can be used to AA-head and map unknown environments. The new soft robots are called twisted ring-bots (扭曲环机器人). They are made of something like the ribbon (缎带) and then joined together at the end to form a ring. When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls. “The ribbon rolls on its horizontal axis (横轴), giving the ring forward strength,” says Jie Yin, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. The twisted ring-bot also turns along its central axis. And as the twisted ring-bot moves forward, it travels in a path around a central point, basically moving in a large circle. However, if the twisted ring-bot meets a boundary — like the wall of a box — it will travel along the boundary. The twisted ring-bots are examples of equipment whose behaviour is governed by physical intelligence, meaning their actions are determined by their structural design and the materials they are made of, rather than being directed by a computer or human. “Soft robotics is still a relatively new field.” Yin says. “Finding new ways to control the movement of soft robots in a repeatable and engineered way moves the field forward. And advancing our understanding of what is possible is exciting.” 1．What makes the robot roll faster and faster? A．The central axis. B．The computer control. C．The higher surface temperature. D．The ring formed by the joined ribbon. 2．How does the author introduce the new soft robots? A．By using quotes from experts. B．By making some comparisons. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By explaining the robot’s working ways. 3．What is Yin’s attitude towards twisted ring-bots? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The New Soft Robots B．Ribbons and Their Rolling C．Twisted Rings and the Axis D．A great advancement in robotics 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新型软体机器人（扭曲环机器人）的设计和工作原理。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls. (当这些机器人被放置在温度至少为55摄氏度（比周围空气温度高）的表面上时，与该表面接触的缎带部分会收缩变小，而暴露在空气中的部分则不会。这就引发了滚动运动：表面温度越高，机器人滚动得就越快)”可知，表面温度越高，机器人滚动得越快。故选C。 2．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviors at the same time: rolling forward, turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. (研究人员开发出了一种新型软体机器人设计，该机器人能够同时表现出三种行为：向前滚动、像唱片一样旋转以及围绕中心点沿路径行进)”、第二段中“The new soft robots are called twisted ring-bots (扭曲环机器人). They are made of something like the ribbon (缎带) and then joined together at the end to form a ring. (这种新型软机器人被称为扭曲环机器人。它们由类似缎带的材料制成，然后在末端连接起来形成一个环)”、第三段中“When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls. (当这些机器人被放置在温度至少为55摄氏度（比周围空气温度高）的表面上时，与该表面接触的缎带部分会收缩变小，而暴露在空气中的部分则不会。这就引发了滚动运动：表面温度越高，机器人滚动得就越快)”可知，文章先是介绍了新型软机器人能同时展现的三种行为，接着说明了它们的结构（由类似缎带的材料制成环状），然后详细阐述了在不同条件下机器人是如何运动的，这些都是在解释机器人的工作方式，所以作者主要是通过解释机器人的工作方式来介绍新型软机器人的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Finding new ways to control the movement of soft robots in a repeatable and engineered way moves the field forward. And advancing our understanding of what is possible is exciting. (找到以可重复和工程化的方式控制软体机器人运动的新方法，将推动该领域的发展。而我们对于可能性的理解不断进步，这令人兴奋)”可知，殷教授对这种扭曲环机器人持积极态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviors at the same time: rolling forward, turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. (研究人员开发出了一种新型软体机器人设计，该机器人能够同时表现出三种行为：向前滚动、像唱片一样旋转以及围绕中心点沿路径行进)”可知，本文主要介绍了新型软体机器人这一内容，“The New Soft Robots (新型软体机器人)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 Passage8.With the development of the Internet, many of our activities take place online. Medicine is no exception. Patients can visit doctors by phone call and video chat. Online searches for telehealth increased sharply. Online visits are best suited to simple tasks, like refilling prescriptions (doctor’s orders), as well as diagnosing (诊断) and treating conditions that rely on a doctor’s sense of sight — pink eye, rashes, etc. — or a patient’s description of symptoms, such as back pain. Telehealth also works better at monitoring chronic (慢性的) conditions, such as congestive heart failure, where doctors don’t need to provide a new diagnosis but simply check up on patients, monitor symptoms and discuss the side effects of medication. Diabetes (糖尿病) is also a good fit: people can upload blood sugar levels, dosing, and other information for a doctor to review electronically. Mental health service is easy to access digitally, too, though it comes with advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, doctors may not be able to see body language, which can sometimes be a clue to understanding a client’s well being, and a poor Internet connection can be particularly unfavorable during a difficult conversation. On the other hand, there are patients who like it better. “Some health care providers even say having that extra bit of distance makes people more honest and less stressed to talk about difficult topics,” says Annette Totten, a professor who has studied telehealth. When done right, Totten’s research shows telehealth benefits both health care providers and patients. It can significantly reduce hospital admissions, which frees beds for people in need of special care. And it’s a lot more convenient for patients, adds Michelle Greiver, a family doctor. 1．How is the medicine industry changing? A．convenient B．popular C．difficult D．digital 2．What kind of disease is fit for a virtual medical visit? A．Heart attack B．High fever C．Uncomfortable eye D．Flu 3．Why do some mental health patients prefer online service according to the passage? A．Because it reduces their pressure. B．Because it saves them transportation cost. C．Because it saves them time on the road. D．Because it makes it easier for them to contact the doctor. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward online medical visits? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了需求量急剧增长的远程医疗和它的优势与劣势，以及如果被正确使用，会给人们带来的益处。 1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“With the development of the Internet, many of our activities take place online. Medicine is no exception. (随着互联网的发展，我们的许多活动都在网上进行。医学也不例外。)”和“Online searches for telehealth increased sharply.(网上对远程医疗的搜索急剧增加。)”可知，在网上的远程医疗开始兴起，医学行业正在发生数字化变化。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Online visits are best suited to simple tasks, like refilling prescriptions (doctor’s orders), as well as diagnosing (诊断) and treating conditions that rely on a doctor’s sense of sight — pink eye, rashes, etc. — or a patient’s description of symptoms, such as back pain. (在线访问最适合于简单的任务，如重新填写处方(医生的命令)，以及诊断和治疗依赖于医生的视觉感觉的疾病—红眼病，皮疹等—或病人的症状描述，如背部疼痛。)”可知，眼睛不舒服适合在网上看诊。故选C。 3． 细节理解题。根据第三段Annette Totten教授说的话“Some health care providers even say having that extra bit of distance makes people more honest and less stressed to talk about difficult topics,(一些医疗服务提供者甚至说，有一点额外的距离会让人们更诚实，在谈论困难的话题时压力更小。)”可知，一些心理健康患者更喜欢网上看诊是因为网上所产生的距离感会减轻他们的压力。故选A。 4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When done right, Totten’s research shows telehealth benefits both health care providers and patients.(Totten的研究表明，如果操作得当，远程医疗对医疗服务提供者和患者都有好处。)”和全文内容可知，本文描述了远程医疗的好处，可见作者对此持支持态度。故选B。 Passage9.Do you sometimes pay no attention to your mom while chatting with friends? If you are a teen, that’s fairly common. Researchers already knew that younger kids’ brains respond (反应) more strongly to their mom’s voice than to strangers’. But as kids turn teens, everything changes. “In teen years, we show the exact opposite of that,” says Daniel Abrams, a scientist who led a new research. The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-old kids as they listened to things said by their mother or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely inane, such as teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened to such rubbish words, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain regions that help them to detect rewards and pay attention. That’s exactly what it should be like. The areas in the adolescent brain don’t stop responding to their mom. It’s just that the unfamiliar voices become more attractive and then are worthy of attention. “As kids grow up, they expand (扩大) their social connections way beyond their family. Their survival depends less and less on their mother’s support. They depend more and more on their friends and others at the same age as them,” says Leslie Seltzer, a scientist. “So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with teen years.” “As a teen, you don’t know you’re doing this. You’re just being you: You’ve got your new friends and you want to spend time with them. You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices,” Abrams adds. So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel sad about missed messages, that’s okay. “This is how the teenager brain works, and there’s a good reason for it,” Abrams says. 1．What does the new research focus on? A．The teenagers’ brain development. B．The teens’ response to their mother’s voice. C．The relationship between kids and their mothers. D．The influence of mothers on their kids’ characters. 2．What does the underlined word “inane” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Abstract. B．Meaningless. C．Hard to tell. D．Impossible to read. 3．What is the author’s opinion on the change in teens’ social preferences? A．It is confusing. B．It leads to failure in later life. C．It is understandable. D．It reduces their brain activity. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we probably see the text? A．Science. B．Lifestyle. C．Sports and fitness. D．Breaking news. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现青少年在和母亲对话的时候会不那么走心，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers already knew that younger kids’ brains respond (反应) more strongly to their mom’s voice than to strangers’. But as kids turn teens, everything changes.(研究人员已经知道，年幼孩子的大脑对妈妈的声音的反应比对陌生人的声音更强烈。但当孩子们进入青少年时期，一切都变了)”和第二段“The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-old kids as they listened to things said by their mother or by unfamiliar women.(研究人员对7到16岁的孩子在听母亲或陌生女性讲话时的大脑进行了研究)”可知，这项新研究的重点是青少年对母亲声音的反应。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt (比如teebudieshawlt、keebudieshawlt和peebudieshawlt)”以及“As the kids listened to such rubbish words, certain parts of their brains became active.(当孩子们听到这些废话时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来)”可知，teebudieshawlt， keebudieshawlt和peebudieshawlt这些词是毫无意义的废话。故划线词inane的意思是“毫无意义”，与“Meaningless”同义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel sad about missed messages, that’s okay. ‘This is how the teenager brain works, and there’s a good reason for it,’ Abrams says.(所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时可能会为错过的信息感到难过，但这没关系。“这就是青少年大脑的工作方式，而且这是有充分理由的，”艾布拉姆斯说)”可知，作者认为青少年社交偏好的变化是可以理解的，没有关系。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers already knew that younger kids’ brains respond (反应) more strongly to their mom’s voice than to strangers’. But as kids turn teens, everything changes. “In teen years, we show the exact opposite of that,” says Daniel Abrams, a scientist who led a new research.(研究人员已经知道，年幼孩子的大脑对妈妈的声音的反应比对陌生人的声音更强烈。但当孩子们进入青少年时期，一切都变了。领导一项新研究的科学家丹尼尔·艾布拉姆斯说：“在青少年时期，我们的研究结果与之完全相反。”)”和其它内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现青少年在和母亲对话的时候会不那么走心，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，文章选自报纸的“科学”部分。故选A。 Passage10.It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to put off self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your eating habits, self-care and finances. In a new study, athletes were asked to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and scientists compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program. Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the over-training, MRIs (磁共振成像像片) of their brains during behavioral tasks also showed more tiredness in the cognitive (认知的) control part of the brain system. “Cognitive control in this situation is the ability to keep exercising without being prevented by things like muscle pain,” said study author Bastien Blain, a researcher at University College London. “And what we found is that there is an intellectual (智力的) part involved in exercising and it has a limited ability. You cannot use it forever.” In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body’s ability to exercise. But that’s not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes’ abilities to fight temptation (诱惑) of immediate self-satisfaction. “For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months,” Blain said. “And those who over trained were more likely to choose $10 now.” Blain had done a similar study in 2016. A group of 58 adults performed hard tasks over a 6-hour period, then underwent MRI imaging and were asked if they would choose $5 now or $50 later. Researchers found overworked brains were much more likely to choose $5 now. In fact, another study done by Cornier found that regular limited exercise was related to reducing the wish to eat. “Those people consume less and they lost weight. And the more we saw that change in brain activity due to exercise, the more weight they lost,” Cornier said. 1．What happened to the overworked athletes in the study? A．They would get tired of normal training. B．They behaved better in the cycling test. C．They improved their self-satisfaction. D．They did poorly in cognitive control. 2．What did Blain find in 2016? A．MRI imaging made people clever. B．Adults preferred challenging tasks. C．Overworked people tend to choose immediate rewards. D．A 6-hour period of exercise benefited people. 3．According to Cornier, why can people lose weight by doing limited exercise regularly? A．It makes people eat less. B．It consumes much energy. C．It helps people to feel good. D．It improves people’s sleep. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Over exercise could lead to bad decisions B．Cognitive control reflects your mental health C．Exercise promotes your intellectual development D．Overworking your brain can change your eating habits 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是过度运动会影响人们的认知控制能力，使人们更容易疲劳和冲动，从而倾向于得到即时奖励而非延迟奖励。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the over-training, MRIs (磁共振成像像片) of their brains during behavioral tasks also showed more tiredness in the cognitive (认知的) control part of the brain system.(那些过度训练的运动员不仅在过度训练结束时的自行车测试中表现更差，而且在进行行为任务时，他们大脑的磁共振成像也显示出认知控制系统更加疲劳)”可知，过度训练的运动员不仅在自行车测试中的表现更差，而且他们的大脑认知控制系统也显示出了更多的疲劳。由此可知，过度训练的运动员在认知控制方面表现不佳。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes’ abilities to fight temptation (诱惑) of immediate self-satisfaction.(过度使用大脑的那一部分也降低了运动员抵抗即时自我满足诱惑的能力)”以及“Researchers found overworked brains were much more likely to choose $5 now.(研究人员发现，过度使用的大脑更倾向于选择现在就拿5美元)”可知，在过度工作后，人们更倾向于选择立即获得的小额现金而不是延迟的大额回报，由此可知，过度劳累会使人们往往选择得到即时奖励。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段的“In fact, another study done by Cornier found that regular limited exercise was related to reducing the wish to eat. “Those people consume less and they lost weight. And the more we saw that change in brain activity due to exercise, the more weight they lost,” Cornier said.(事实上，科尼尔进行的另一项研究发现，规律的有限锻炼与减少进食欲望有关。科尼尔说：“这些人消耗得更少，他们的体重也下降了。而且我们观察到由于锻炼引起的大脑活动变化越大，他们的体重下降得就越多。”)”可知，定期适度运动会使人们少吃，从而容易减肥。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to put off self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your eating habits, self-care and finances.(结果表明，无论是通过体力还是脑力劳动过度使用你的大脑，都可能降低你推迟自我满足的能力。这可能会导致你在饮食习惯、自我照顾和财务方面做出不良选择)”及后面对相关研究的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是过度锻炼会导致人们做出不明智的决定，所以题目“过度运动可能导致错误决策”概括了全文的主题，可以作为本文的合适标题。故选A项。 二、完形填空 Passage1.In Las Vegas, one parent’s determination to help his daughter catch up on her reading has led to the 1 of a groundbreaking approach in educational technology. Dave Vinzant is a father to 8-year-old Aubrie who encountered difficulties in 2 at school. “It was about halfway through the first grade that we 3 she couldn’t read,” said Vinzant. Despite their efforts, traditional methods weren’t bringing about the 4 results. “The strong sense of failure hit her,” Vinzant recalled. “After an hour of trying to 5 a 10-15 page little book, she was crying.” Determined to 6 a solution, Vinzant took matters into his own hands. Although lacking 7 in computer programming, he made up his mind to develop a tool that could 8 assist his daughter. The result? A free application called WordStumble came out. WordStumble isn’t simply any reading APP 9 by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT. The program customizes (定制) stories for each 10 . “What is magical is that it can 11 all of those words that the user knows or struggles with and then generate a customized children’s story,” Vinzant explained. For Vinzant, the success of WordStumble isn’t just 12 , he wants to share with others. With his dedication and innovation, Vinzant is not only changing the landscape of reading apps but also giving hope to countless parents and children 13 similar challenges. And as WordStumble 14 improving, it’s clear that the power of one person’s passion can make a world of difference for many young 15 everywhere. 1．A．interaction B．creation C．separation D．comparison 2．A．listening B．reading C．speaking D．writing 3．A．ceased B．adopted C．regretted D．realized 4．A．controlled B．labeled C．expected D．combined 5．A．get through B．appeal to C．side with D．break out 6．A．defend B．blame C．find D．suspect 7．A．energy B．knowledge C．abstract D．advertisement 8．A．adorably B．initially C．logically D．effectively 9．A．defeated B．stretched C．swung D．powered 10．A．situation B．user C．phone D．computer 11．A．collect B．secure C．spread D．commit 12．A．distinct B．popular C．personal D．convenient 13．A．wandering B．predicting C．facing D．integrating 14．A．continues B．imagines C．avoids D．forgets 15．A．drivers B．waiters C．actors D．learners 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Dave Vinzant因女儿阅读困难，虽缺编程知识仍开发WordStumble应用，该应用可定制故事，其成功还能帮其他面临类似难题的孩子。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在拉斯维加斯，一位父亲决心帮助女儿提高阅读能力，这促成了一种教育技术领域开创性方法的诞生。A. interaction互动；B. creation创造，诞生；C. separation分离；D. comparison比较。由下文“a groundbreaking approach in educational technology”及父亲开发WordStumble应用程序可知，这里指一种开创性的方法诞生。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意： Dave Vinzant是 8 岁的奥布里的父亲，奥布里在学校阅读方面遇到了困难。A. listening听力；B. reading阅读；C. speaking口语；D. writing写作。由上文“help his daughter catch up on her reading”可知，奥布里在阅读方面有困难。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“大约在一年级过半的时候，我们意识到她不会阅读，” Vinzant说。A. ceased停止；B. adopted采用；收养；C. regretted后悔；D. realized意识到。由上文“about halfway through the first grade”以及下文“she couldn’t read”可知，此处指父亲在一年级中期时意识到女儿不会阅读。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们努力了，但传统方法并没有带来预期的效果。A. controlled受控制的；B. labeled有标签的；C. expected预期的；D. combined组合的。由下文“The strong sense of failure hit her”可知，后文说女儿的挫败感，所以猜测传统方法没达到预期效果。故选C项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在努力读完一本10-15页的小书一小时后，她哭了。A. get through读完；通过；B. appeal to吸引；呼吁；C. side with支持；D. break out爆发。由上文“an hour”以及下文“a 10-15 page little book”可知，这里指读完一本小书需要用一个小时。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：决心找到解决办法，Vinzant决定自己动手。A. defend保卫；B. blame责备；C. find找到；D. suspect怀疑。由下文“A free application called WordStumble came out”可知，后文讲父亲自己开发应用程序，所以这里指他决心找到解决办法。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏计算机编程知识，但他下定决心开发一种能有效帮助女儿的工具。A. energy能量；精力；B. knowledge知识；C. abstract摘要；D. advertisement广告。由下文“he made up his mind to develop a tool”以及上文Although表转折可知，此处指父亲缺乏编程知识。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏计算机编程知识，但他下定决心开发一种能有效帮助女儿的工具。A. adorably可爱地；B. initially最初；C. logically逻辑上；D. effectively有效地。由上文“she couldn’t read”以及语境可知，父亲开发工具的目的是为了有效帮助女儿解决阅读问题。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：WordStumble不仅仅是一款由人工智能，特别是ChatGPT 驱动的阅读应用程序。A. defeated击败；B. stretched伸展；C. swung摇摆；D. powered驱动。由下文“by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT”可知，此处指该应用程序由人工智能驱动。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该程序为每个用户定制故事。A. situation情况；B. user用户；C. phone电话；D. computer电脑。由下文“the user knows or struggles with”可知，这里指该程序可以为每个用户定制个性化的故事。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“神奇的是，它可以收集用户认识或感到困难的所有单词，然后生成一个定制的儿童故事，”Vinzant解释说。A. collect收集；B. secure保护；获得；C. spread传播；D. commit承诺；犯罪。由下文“then generate a customized children’s story”可知，这里指先收集用户的单词然后再用这些词创造故事。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Vinzant来说，WordStumble的成功不仅仅是个人的，他想与他人分享。A. distinct明显的；独特的；B. popular流行的；C. personal个人的；D. convenient方便的。由下文“he wants to share with others”可知，后文说Vinzant想分享，所以他认为成功不只是个人的事。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借他的奉献精神和创新精神，Vinzant不仅改变了阅读应用程序的格局，也给了无数面临类似挑战的父母和孩子希望。A. wandering徘徊；B. predicting预测；C. facing面对；D. integrating整合。由下文“giving hope to countless parents and children”可知，这里指Vinzant希望通过该程序帮助面临类似挑战的父母和孩子。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着WordStumble不断改进，很明显，一个人的热情力量可以为各地许多年轻学习者带来巨大改变。A. continues继续；B. imagines想象；C. avoids避免；D. forgets忘记。由下文“improving”可知，此处指为了更好服务用户，应用程序会继续改进。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着WordStumble不断改进，很明显，一个人的热情力量可以为各地许多年轻学习者带来巨大改变。A. drivers司机；B. waiters服务员；C. actors演员；D. learners学习者。由上文“then generate a customized children’s story”可知，本文围绕帮助孩子阅读展开，所以是给年轻学习者带来改变。故选D项。 Passage2.When in need of some guidance, most people immediately look for an expert on the topic. 1 , however, researchers with the Association for Psychological Science find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others — they just give more of it. “Skillful 2 and skillful teaching are not always the same thing, so we shouldn't 3 the best performers to necessarily be the best teachers as well,” says lead study author David Levari. “People seem to 4 quantity for quality. Our studies suggest that 5 in some instances, people may overvalue advice from 6 performers.” An experiment featured 2,085 people randomly 7 to either an advice or a no-advice group. After 8 a single round of the game of Word Scramble, participants in the advice group 9 advice from a random advisor and then played five more 10 . Meanwhile, the no-advice group just played six rounds without any 11 . People in the advice group did 12 perform better after getting some guidance, and their performances tended to 13 round by round. However, on average, researchers say the advice coming from the best players was not any more 14 than others' suggestions. “In our experiments, people given advice by top performers thought that it helped them more, but it is not always the 15 . Surprisingly, they thought this even though they didn't know anything about the people who wrote their advice,” Levari explains. 1．A．Luckily B．Surprisingly C．Furthermore D．Besides 2．A．search B．control C．application D．performance 3．A．allow B．expect C．force D．encourage 4．A．blame B．exchange C．mistake D．excuse 5．A．at most B．at last C．at first D．at least 6．A．average B．top C．poor D．mean 7．A．assigned B．opposed C．devoted D．exposed 8．A．writing B．designing C．playing D．losing 9．A．sent B．refused C．changed D．received 10．A．rounds B．groups C．games D．sports 11．A．rewards B．suggestions C．punishment D．hesitation 12．A．hardly B．indeed C．ever D．instead 13．A．decrease B．combine C．achieve D．improve 14．A．helpful B．hopeful C．careful D．graceful 15．A．truth B．case C．method D．idea 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们遇到问题就会去找这方面的专家，而研究表明，这方面优秀的人的建议并不一定比别人的建议更有益处，做得好的人不一定教的好。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，令人惊讶的是，心理科学协会的研究人员发现，许多专家实际上并没有比其他人给出更好的建议——他们只是给出了更多的建议。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Furthermore此外；D. Besides此外。根据上文“When in need of some guidance, most people immediately look for an expert on the topic. ”及下文“...however, researchers with the Association for Psychological Science find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others—they just give more of it. ”可知，人们遇到问题去找这一方面的专家，肯定是希望的到更专业更好的建议，而转折后表示研究发现这些专家并没有给出更好的建议，这应该会令人们感到惊讶。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：熟练的表演和熟练的教学并不总是一回事，所以我们不应该期望最好的表演者也一定是最好的老师。A. search搜索；翻找；B. control控制；C. application申请；应用；D. performance表演；表现。根据下文“the best performers”可知，这里应填performance，话题一致，优秀表演者的表演技术应该很好，但不一定能教会别人，他可能不擅长教学。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：熟练的表演和熟练的教学并不总是一回事，所以我们不应该期望最好的表演者也一定是最好的老师。A. allow允许；B. expect期待；C. force逼迫；D. encourage鼓励。根据上文“Skillful   2 and skillful teaching are not always the same thing”可知，作者认为好的表演和好的教学完全是两回事，下文应表示，不要期待好的演员一定能教得好。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们似乎把数量误认为质量。 A. blame责备；B. exchange交换；C. mistake弄错，误认；D. excuse原谅。根据上文“…find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others—they just give more of it. ”中的better与more可知，许多专业人士并没有给出好的建议，而是给出了很多建议，而人们就误以为得到了好的建议，短语mistake…for…(把……弄错/误以为)符合语境。故选C项。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，至少在某些情况下，人们可能会高估来自优秀员工的建议。A. at most最多；B. at last最后；C. at first 首先；D. at least至少。根据第一段“When in need of some guidance, most people immediately look for an expert on the topic._1__ , however, researchers with the Association for Psychological Science find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others—they just give more of it. ”及上一句“People seem to 4 quantity for quality.”可知，作者认为，至少有些情况下，人们是高估了表现优秀的人给出的建议，他们的建议不一定是最好的。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，至少在某些情况下，人们可能会高估来自表现优秀的人的建议。A. average平均的；一般的；B. top顶部的；优秀的，顶尖的；C. poor贫穷的；差的；可怜的；D. mean刻薄的，卑鄙的；吝啬的。人们寻求建议应该是找这方面做的最好的人，top performers与上文“the best performers”意思相近，符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一项实验中，2085人被随机分配到有建议组和无建议组。A. assigned指定，安排；B. opposed反对；C. devoted投入；D. exposed接触。根据下文“to either an advice or a no-advice group.”可知，这项实验有两个小组，2085人是被组织者安排进入哪一个小组。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在玩了一轮拼字游戏后，有建议组的参与者从一个随机的顾问那里得到建议，然后再玩五轮。A. writing写；B. designing设计；C. playing玩；演奏；D. losing丢失；失去。根据后面宾语“the game of Word Scramble”及11空前的“played six rounds”可知，这个实验让参与者玩一个游戏，动词应使用play。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在玩了一轮拼字游戏后，建议组的参与者从一个随机的顾问那里得到建议，然后再玩五轮。A. sent送，派遣；B. refused拒绝；C. changed改变；变化；D. received收到。根据前面主语“participants in the advice group  ”及后面宾语“advice from a random advisor”可知，有建议小组的参与者会得到顾问的建议。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在玩了一轮拼字游戏后，建议组的参与者从一个随机的顾问那里得到建议，然后再玩五轮。A. rounds轮，回合；B. groups小组，群体；C. games游戏；D. sports运动。根据下文“just played six rounds”可知，实验中每个小组一共做六轮游戏，无建议组直接做完，而有建议组在得到建议前已经玩过一轮，所以再玩五轮，此处应填rounds，原词复现。 故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，没有建议的小组只是玩了6轮，没有任何建议。A. rewards报酬，回报；B. suggestions建议；C. punishment惩罚；D. hesitation犹豫。根据本句主语“the no-advice group”可知，无建议小组没有人给出建议，直接做完六轮游戏，而有建议小组在第一轮后得到建议。此处应填suggestion与上文advice呼应。故选B项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在得到一些指导后，建议组的人的确表现得更好，他们的表现往往是一轮接一轮地提高。A. hardly几乎不；B. indeed真正地，确实；C. ever曾经；D. instead反而，代替。根据下文“In our experiments, people given advice by top performers thought that it helped them more”可知，得到建议的小组的人们认为这些建议是有帮助的，他们的表现应该是确实更好。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在得到一些指导后，建议组的人的确表现得更好，他们的表现往往是一轮接一轮地提高。A. decrease减少；B. combine结合；C. achieve得到，获得；D. improve提高，改进。根据下文“In our experiments, people given advice by top performers thought that it helped them more.”可知，得到建议的小组的人们认为这些建议是有帮助的，他们的表现应该是确实更好，应该是一轮比一轮更进步。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究人员表示，平均而言，来自最优秀玩家的建议并不比其他人的建议更有帮助。A. helpful有帮助的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. careful认真的；D. graceful优雅的。本句陈述研究员的结论，呼应第一段中“however, researchers with the Association for Psychological Science find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others — they just give more of it.”，由此可知，实验结果应该证明，表现最优者的建议并不比普通人的建议更有帮助。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的实验中，那些得到优秀员工建议的人认为这些建议对他们帮助更大，但事实并非总是如此。A. truth真相，真理；B. case真实情况，案例；C. method 方法；D. idea主意，想法。根据前面“people given advice by top performers thought...”可知，人们往往认为专业优秀的人给出的建议就会更有帮助，本句表示人们这样的的想法不一定是真实的情况，固定表达It is not the case.意为“这并不是真实的情况。”符合语境。故选B项。 Passage3.Heman Bekele, a 15-year-old talent, has been honored as TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024. This Ethiopian-born American teenager has 1 a groundbreaking idea — a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer. He is currently 3 with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept. Heman’s journey began in Ethiopia, where his family moved to the United States when he was just four. He 4 people working outdoors in the sun without protection, which led him to learn about the dangers of cancer and the importance of skin protection from his parents. Skin cancer, while 5 , often requires expensive treatment, motivating Heman to find a more accessible 6 . As a curious child, Heman loved mixing different liquids. When he was seven, he discovered a(an) 7 called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer. He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a 8 bar, 9 tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin. Last year, Heman created a video 10 his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. His creative 11 impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a $25,000 12 and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists. Heman and Dr. Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap’s 13 in treating skin cancer in mice. As a 14 teenager, Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his 15 . He encourages other young people to contribute to making the world a better place. 1．A．taken over B．caught up with C．run over D．come up with 2．A．finally B．completely C．possibly D．fortunately 3．A．working B．dealing C．discussing D．struggling 4．A．heard B．imagined C．observed D．felt 5．A．desirable B．treatable C．available D．reasonable 6．A．solution B．function C．description D．attraction 7．A．medicine B．trick C．advertisement D．surgery 8．A．chocolate B．metal C．soap D．candy 9．A．stopping B．employing C．ordering D．curing 10．A．selling B．admitting C．explaining D．sending 11．A．production B．trend C．approach D．donation 12．A．salary B．profit C．earning D．prize 13．A．effectiveness B．interaction C．accuracy D．permission 14．A．determined B．weak C．shy D．talkative 15．A．mood B．goal C．profession D．employer 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Heman Bekele的15岁少年，因发明了一种可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂而被《时代》杂志评为2024年度儿童。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位出生于埃塞俄比亚的美国少年想出了一个开创性的主意——一种有可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂。A. taken over接管；B. caught up with赶上；C. run over碾过；D. come up with想出。根据下文“He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a  ____8____  bar,  ____9____  tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”可知，Heman想出了一个好的主意。故选D。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位出生于埃塞俄比亚的美国少年想出了一个开创性的主意——一种有可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂。A. finally最后；B. completely完全地、彻底地；C. possibly可能；D. fortunately幸运地。根据下文“He is currently  ____3____  with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept.”中的“test his concept”可知，这个想法还有待验证，由此可知，这种肥皂有可能治疗皮肤癌。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，他正与包括约翰霍普金斯大学的Vito Rebecca在内的科学家们合作，对他的设想进行测试。A. working工作；B. dealing处理；C. discussing讨论；D. struggling挣扎。根据下文“His creative  ____11____  impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a $25,000  ____12____  and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists.”中的“cooperate with”可推测，他在和科学家们合作。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到人们在户外阳光下劳作却没有任何防护措施，由此从父母那里了解到癌症的危害以及皮肤防护的重要性。A. heard听到；B. imagined想象；C. observed观察、遵守、评论；D. felt感到。根据空后“people working outdoors in the sun without protection,”可知，空后是Heman所观察到现象。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但往往需要高昂的治疗费用，这促使Heman去寻找一种更易获得的解决方案。A. desirable可取的；B. treatable可治疗的；C. available可获得的；D. reasonable合理的。根据空后“often requires expensive treatment”以及空前的“while”可推测，空处指的是皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但是治疗费用昂贵。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但往往需要高昂的治疗费用，这促使Heman去寻找一种更易获得的解决方案。A. solution方案；B. function功能；C. description描述；D. attraction吸引。根据上文“Skin cancer, while  ____5____ , often requires expensive treatment”可知，Heman知道皮肤癌虽然可以治疗但是需要昂贵的治疗费用，由此可知，他希望能够找到一种更易获得的解决方案。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：7岁时，他从一本杂志上了解到一种名为“咪喹莫特”的药物，这种药物有助于对抗皮肤癌。A. medicine药物；B. trick诡计；C. advertisement广告；D. surgery外科手术。根据空后“called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.”可知，这是一种药物。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他萌生了将这种药物融入肥皂的想法，利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。A. chocolate巧克力；B. metal金属；C. soap肥皂；D. candy糖果。根据下文“Heman and Dr. Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap’s 　　13　　 in treating skin cancer in mice.”可知，他产生了将药物融入肥皂的想法。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他萌生了将这种药物融入肥皂的想法，利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。A. stopping停止；B. employing利用；C. ordering命令；D. curing治愈。根据空后的“tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”以及上文所提及的想要治疗皮肤癌可知，这种想法是利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，Heman制作了一个视频，向3M青年科学家挑战赛阐释自己的想法。A. selling卖；B. admitting承认；C. explaining解释；D. sending发送。根据上文“Heman created a video”以及空后“his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge”可知，Heman制作视频是为了将自己的想法解释给3M青年科学家挑战赛。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他富有创意的方法给评委们留下了深刻印象，最终赢得了比赛，获得2.5万美元奖金，并得到了与导师级科学家合作的机会。A. production生产；B. trend趋势行；C. approach方法；D. donation捐赠。根据上文“He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a  ____8____  bar,  ____9____  tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”可知，空处指的是他这种富有创意的治疗皮肤癌的方法。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他富有创意的方法给评委们留下了深刻印象，最终赢得了比赛，获得2.5万美元奖金，并得到了与导师级科学家合作的机会。A. salary薪水；B. profit利润；C. earning收入；D. prize奖品。根据上文“a $25,000”以及空后的“the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists”可知，赢得比赛可获得2.5万美元奖金。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，Heman和Rebecca博士正在进行测试，以确定这种肥皂对治疗小鼠皮肤癌的有效性。A. effectiveness有效性；B. interaction互动；C. accuracy准确性；D. permission允许。根据上文“He is currently  ____3____  with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept.”可知，他们进行测试是为了检验自己的想法，也就是这种肥皂对治疗小鼠皮肤癌的有效性。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个意志坚定的少年，Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。A. determined坚定的；B. weak虚弱的；C. shy害羞的；D. talkative健谈的。根据下文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his  ____15____ .”以及全文内容可知，他是个意志坚定的少年。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个意志坚定的少年，Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。A. mood情绪；B. goal目标；C. profession职业；D. employer雇主。根据上文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort”以及空前的“but”可知，尽管Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。故选B。 32 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit3 The World of Science阅读完形提高训练 - 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019必修第三册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1.Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity. Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land. It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product. This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind. In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible. Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat. Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet. “Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” he says. Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is an extremely complex process, says Ma, adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed. He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol (甲醇). Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic (酶的) processes. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch. Thellab-made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature. 1．Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level? A．It will have a positive influence on climate change. B．It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind. C．It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts. D．It will help save several sources from water to farming land. 2．Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab-made starch? A．Making starch faster. B．Collecting enough raw materials. C．Repeating the photosynthesis of plants. D．Involving methanol in the making process. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Starch, an important complex carbohydrate. B．The great benefits of starch. C．Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch. D．Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change. 4．In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the text? A．Science. B．Lifestyle. C．Environment. D．Health. Passage2.In a world where environmental concerns are at the forefront, a young and innovative student has made a significant mark. Madison Checketts, during her leisurely walks along her favourite beach in California, US, was met with a frustrating sight. The once-beautiful shoreline was now packed with wasted plastic water bottles, a cruel reminder of the global plastic pollution crisis. For Madison, who held this beach dear to her heart, seeing it ruined by these non-biodegradable items was deeply upset. The astonishing statistic that Americans cast away 60 million plastic bottles daily, with many of them ultimately ending up in landfills or the vast ocean, was a call to action she couldn’t ignore. Driven by a strong sense-of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco-friendly solution. She named her creative water bottle the Eco-Hero. The magic behind this unique water bottle lies in its material calcium lactate (乳酸钙), a chemical compound. When processed, it undergoes a fascinating transformation from a soft material into a solid, edible shell. This not only makes the Eco-Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience. The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. Madison’s remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned Us science competition for young people. Beyond the prizes, she has a far-reaching aspiration. She hopes that her Eco-Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young student to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place. 1．What made Madison Checketts decide to create the Eco-Hero? A．The drive to protect her favourite beach. B．The high prize of the science competition. C．The dream of becoming a famous inventor. D．The cruel statistics of the global plastic pollution. 2．What can we infer from the passage about the Eco-Hero? A．It will replace traditional plastic bottles soon. B．It is good for the environment and interesting. C．It is more expensive than ordinary plastic bottles. D．It has a strong sweet flavor that people may dislike 3．What can we know about Madison’s participation in the science competition? A．She’ll profit a lot from the competition. B．Her school strongly supported her invention. C．All finalists focus on plastic-related solutions. D．The competition values environmental inventions. 4．Which of the following could best describe Madison Checketts? A．Adaptable and cautious. B．Ambitious and competitive. C．Imaginative and responsible. D．Detail-oriented and persistent. Passage3.Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study. The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding their family relationships using a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview, which is considered the “gold standard” of assessing one’s attachment state of mind. Jessica Stern, lead author of the study, said this motivated the teens to share descriptions and stories about their families. Researchers paid attention to not only what the teens said but also how they expressed it. After these initial interviews, researchers went back to the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and observed their interactions with a close friend. The researchers noted how the participants responded when their friend presented a problem and revealed it to them, assessing the participants’ extension of empathy. Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens. It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavior by age 18. This is cause for hope, Stern said, because it may indicate that those empathic skills can develop over time for adolescents who don’t have great relationships at home. Having strong friendships or a trusted teacher might make an impact on insecure teens’ empathy. More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s. The researchers are interested in seeing how the empathic abilities they examined in the teens now shape their romantic relationships and parenting behavior as adults. Being able    to pick up on other people’s emotions and see from their point of view is important “for a variety of other things that we consider success in the world,” Stern said. For parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity of empathy and really investing in relationships with teens. Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior. 1．What do we know about the research? A．It was a long-term study. B．It revealed gender differences. C．It involved big data analysis. D．It explored problem-solving strategies. 2．What can be inferred about the less secure teens during the study? A．They showed a decline in empathy. B．They became more eager for empathy. C．They maintained consistent levels of empathy. D．They initially struggled but improved in empathy. 3．What would help adolescents develop empathy according to the last paragraph? A．Demonstrating empathy in action. B．Rewarding their progress in empathy. C．Engaging them in classroom discussions. D．Monitoring their interpersonal relationships. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The power of empathy for future success. B．Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds. C．The impact of friendship on adolescent empathy. D．Attachment theory and teens’ empathy development. Passage4.You know that old debate about whether dogs are smarter than cats? Well, science now has a definite answer. It’s dogs. That’s the conclusion of an international group of researchers, who found that dogs have twice as many neurons (神经元) as cats. Neurons are cells that deal with information. And so, the more neurons an animal has, the better its information processing capability, these scientists say. The study was carried out by researchers from six universities in the US, Brazil, Denmark and South Africa. It’s going to be published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. The research was done in the lab of Suzana Herculano-Houzel, an associate professor of psychology and biological sciences at Vanderbilt University. Until recently, scientists interested in comparing intelligence across species were limited to using brain size as a sign. “In 2005, my lab came up with a very simple, quick and inexpensive way to count the cells in brains and brain parts,” Herculano-Houzel said. What the researchers did was take some brain matter and basically turn it into a soup. This freed up the cell nuclei (细胞核) so that the scientists could count them directly under a microscope. This is what they found when they looked at the cerebral cortex of cats and dogs. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that processes information. A cat’s cerebral cortex has 250 million neurons. A 15-pound mixed-breed (混合种) dog’s has 429 million. When they looked at a 64-pound golden retriever (猎犬), the number was even higher: 627 million neurons. “So, it’s plausible to say that dogs have about twice as many neurons as cats in their cerebral cortex,” she said. “And this means that dogs can do more thinking things than cats.” 1．What does the author imply about the old debate? A．It was surprising. B．It was meaningless. C．It was easily solved. D．It had no clear result. 2．Why did the researchers turn some brain matter into a soup? A．To wake up neurons. B．To study brain growth. C．To see neurons clearly. D．To study cortex better. 3．What affects the neuron numbers of dogs? A．Practice. B．Weights. C．Thinking. D．Lifestyles. 4．What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph? A．reasonable. B．important. C．surprising. D．fearless. Passage5.A new study, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), found the benefits of letter-spacing and coloured overlays (涂层) among a group of dyslexic (诵读困难的)  and non-dyslexic children. It discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups of children. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the comparison group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase in reading speed. The study involved 59 children aged between 11 and 15,32 of whom had dyslexia, with 27 non-dyslexic children forming a control group. The participants were from six UK schools in Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and London. Participants read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter-spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. The children were instructed to read these texts out loud while being recorded. The recordings were used to measure the number of errors they made—specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participants’ reading time. In addition to improving reading speed of children with and without dyslexia, the larger letter-spacing also resulted in a significant reduction in the number of words being missed by the children with dyslexia. Dr Stagg said, “We believe that extra-large letter-spacing reduces what is known as the ‘crowding effect’, which can prevent the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.” When viewed in the context of previous research, the findings strongly suggest that teaching professionals should be confident that all children will be helped by increased letter-spacing in reading materials. It’s a relatively simple change for teachers to make when they produce handout s and exercises, and children with dyslexia won’t feel singled out by the introduction of specially adapted reading materials, as this change is something that everyone can benefit from. The study showed colored overlays didn’t affect reading speed or error reduction in children. Despite this, Dr. Stagg recommends using them, as they might improve reading stamina (耐力). 1．What does the new study focus on according to Paragraph 1? A．The features of dyslexia. B．The gap in children’s reading ability. C．Ways of examining children’s comprehension. D．Certain factors helping improve children’s reading ability. 2．What did the researchers do during the study? A．They asked children to document the reading material. B．They taught children some reading skills. C．They studied the recordings of children’s reading. D．They observed children’s performances in class. 3．How are children with dyslexic affected by the “crowding effect”? A．They may read materials faster than usual. B．They may make more mistakes when reading. C．They are forced to reflect on themselves more. D．They are willing to spend more time reading. 4．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 5? A．The significance of previous dyslexia children research. B．The necessity of paying attention to children with dyslexia. C．The suggestions and expectations from teaching professionals. D．The practicability and benefits of specially adapted reading materials. Passage6.We’ve all been in a position where our phone runs out of battery, but we don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices juiced. The prototype (样品) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are comprised of silicon (硅), wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy in the fabric’s composition when it is compared to standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype has shown how we could do away with charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power inventions are key to transitioning (转变) human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help facilitate the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 1．Why is the new fabric special? A．It can change color in the sun. B．It can adjust body temperature. C．It can produce electricity from sunlight. D．It is much tougher than standard clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Distinction. B．Mismatch. C．Improvement. D．Similarity. 3．How does the invention impact our relationship with technology according to Theodore? A．By making electronic devices much cheaper. B．By reducing the demand for fixed charging equipment. C．By making us more aware of our energy consumption. D．By gradually increasing our dependence on electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Solar-Powered Fabric: Charging Devices on the Go. B．Future Fabric Trends: Beyond Traditional Textiles. C．An Inventive Silicon: Recycling for Energy Efficiency. D．Traditional Fabric Technology: Challenges in Development. Passage7.Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviors at the same time: rolling forward, turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. The equipment, which operates without human or computer control, holds promise for developing soft robots that can be used to AA-head and map unknown environments. The new soft robots are called twisted ring-bots (扭曲环机器人). They are made of something like the ribbon (缎带) and then joined together at the end to form a ring. When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls. “The ribbon rolls on its horizontal axis (横轴), giving the ring forward strength,” says Jie Yin, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. The twisted ring-bot also turns along its central axis. And as the twisted ring-bot moves forward, it travels in a path around a central point, basically moving in a large circle. However, if the twisted ring-bot meets a boundary — like the wall of a box — it will travel along the boundary. The twisted ring-bots are examples of equipment whose behaviour is governed by physical intelligence, meaning their actions are determined by their structural design and the materials they are made of, rather than being directed by a computer or human. “Soft robotics is still a relatively new field.” Yin says. “Finding new ways to control the movement of soft robots in a repeatable and engineered way moves the field forward. And advancing our understanding of what is possible is exciting.” 1．What makes the robot roll faster and faster? A．The central axis. B．The computer control. C．The higher surface temperature. D．The ring formed by the joined ribbon. 2．How does the author introduce the new soft robots? A．By using quotes from experts. B．By making some comparisons. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By explaining the robot’s working ways. 3．What is Yin’s attitude towards twisted ring-bots? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The New Soft Robots B．Ribbons and Their Rolling C．Twisted Rings and the Axis D．A great advancement in robotics Passage8.With the development of the Internet, many of our activities take place online. Medicine is no exception. Patients can visit doctors by phone call and video chat. Online searches for telehealth increased sharply. Online visits are best suited to simple tasks, like refilling prescriptions (doctor’s orders), as well as diagnosing (诊断) and treating conditions that rely on a doctor’s sense of sight — pink eye, rashes, etc. — or a patient’s description of symptoms, such as back pain. Telehealth also works better at monitoring chronic (慢性的) conditions, such as congestive heart failure, where doctors don’t need to provide a new diagnosis but simply check up on patients, monitor symptoms and discuss the side effects of medication. Diabetes (糖尿病) is also a good fit: people can upload blood sugar levels, dosing, and other information for a doctor to review electronically. Mental health service is easy to access digitally, too, though it comes with advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, doctors may not be able to see body language, which can sometimes be a clue to understanding a client’s well being, and a poor Internet connection can be particularly unfavorable during a difficult conversation. On the other hand, there are patients who like it better. “Some health care providers even say having that extra bit of distance makes people more honest and less stressed to talk about difficult topics,” says Annette Totten, a professor who has studied telehealth. When done right, Totten’s research shows telehealth benefits both health care providers and patients. It can significantly reduce hospital admissions, which frees beds for people in need of special care. And it’s a lot more convenient for patients, adds Michelle Greiver, a family doctor. 1．How is the medicine industry changing? A．convenient B．popular C．difficult D．digital 2．What kind of disease is fit for a virtual medical visit? A．Heart attack B．High fever C．Uncomfortable eye D．Flu 3．Why do some mental health patients prefer online service according to the passage? A．Because it reduces their pressure. B．Because it saves them transportation cost. C．Because it saves them time on the road. D．Because it makes it easier for them to contact the doctor. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward online medical visits? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. Passage9.Do you sometimes pay no attention to your mom while chatting with friends? If you are a teen, that’s fairly common. Researchers already knew that younger kids’ brains respond (反应) more strongly to their mom’s voice than to strangers’. But as kids turn teens, everything changes. “In teen years, we show the exact opposite of that,” says Daniel Abrams, a scientist who led a new research. The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-old kids as they listened to things said by their mother or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely inane, such as teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened to such rubbish words, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain regions that help them to detect rewards and pay attention. That’s exactly what it should be like. The areas in the adolescent brain don’t stop responding to their mom. It’s just that the unfamiliar voices become more attractive and then are worthy of attention. “As kids grow up, they expand (扩大) their social connections way beyond their family. Their survival depends less and less on their mother’s support. They depend more and more on their friends and others at the same age as them,” says Leslie Seltzer, a scientist. “So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with teen years.” “As a teen, you don’t know you’re doing this. You’re just being you: You’ve got your new friends and you want to spend time with them. You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices,” Abrams adds. So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel sad about missed messages, that’s okay. “This is how the teenager brain works, and there’s a good reason for it,” Abrams says. 1．What does the new research focus on? A．The teenagers’ brain development. B．The teens’ response to their mother’s voice. C．The relationship between kids and their mothers. D．The influence of mothers on their kids’ characters. 2．What does the underlined word “inane” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Abstract. B．Meaningless. C．Hard to tell. D．Impossible to read. 3．What is the author’s opinion on the change in teens’ social preferences? A．It is confusing. B．It leads to failure in later life. C．It is understandable. D．It reduces their brain activity. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we probably see the text? A．Science. B．Lifestyle. C．Sports and fitness. D．Breaking news. Passage10.It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to put off self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your eating habits, self-care and finances. In a new study, athletes were asked to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and scientists compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program. Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the over-training, MRIs (磁共振成像像片) of their brains during behavioral tasks also showed more tiredness in the cognitive (认知的) control part of the brain system. “Cognitive control in this situation is the ability to keep exercising without being prevented by things like muscle pain,” said study author Bastien Blain, a researcher at University College London. “And what we found is that there is an intellectual (智力的) part involved in exercising and it has a limited ability. You cannot use it forever.” In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body’s ability to exercise. But that’s not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes’ abilities to fight temptation (诱惑) of immediate self-satisfaction. “For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months,” Blain said. “And those who over trained were more likely to choose $10 now.” Blain had done a similar study in 2016. A group of 58 adults performed hard tasks over a 6-hour period, then underwent MRI imaging and were asked if they would choose $5 now or $50 later. Researchers found overworked brains were much more likely to choose $5 now. In fact, another study done by Cornier found that regular limited exercise was related to reducing the wish to eat. “Those people consume less and they lost weight. And the more we saw that change in brain activity due to exercise, the more weight they lost,” Cornier said. 1．What happened to the overworked athletes in the study? A．They would get tired of normal training. B．They behaved better in the cycling test. C．They improved their self-satisfaction. D．They did poorly in cognitive control. 2．What did Blain find in 2016? A．MRI imaging made people clever. B．Adults preferred challenging tasks. C．Overworked people tend to choose immediate rewards. D．A 6-hour period of exercise benefited people. 3．According to Cornier, why can people lose weight by doing limited exercise regularly? A．It makes people eat less. B．It consumes much energy. C．It helps people to feel good. D．It improves people’s sleep. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Over exercise could lead to bad decisions B．Cognitive control reflects your mental health C．Exercise promotes your intellectual development D．Overworking your brain can change your eating habits 二、完形填空 Passage1.In Las Vegas, one parent’s determination to help his daughter catch up on her reading has led to the 1 of a groundbreaking approach in educational technology. Dave Vinzant is a father to 8-year-old Aubrie who encountered difficulties in 2 at school. “It was about halfway through the first grade that we 3 she couldn’t read,” said Vinzant. Despite their efforts, traditional methods weren’t bringing about the 4 results. “The strong sense of failure hit her,” Vinzant recalled. “After an hour of trying to 5 a 10-15 page little book, she was crying.” Determined to 6 a solution, Vinzant took matters into his own hands. Although lacking 7 in computer programming, he made up his mind to develop a tool that could 8 assist his daughter. The result? A free application called WordStumble came out. WordStumble isn’t simply any reading APP 9 by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT. The program customizes (定制) stories for each 10 . “What is magical is that it can 11 all of those words that the user knows or struggles with and then generate a customized children’s story,” Vinzant explained. For Vinzant, the success of WordStumble isn’t just 12 , he wants to share with others. With his dedication and innovation, Vinzant is not only changing the landscape of reading apps but also giving hope to countless parents and children 13 similar challenges. And as WordStumble 14 improving, it’s clear that the power of one person’s passion can make a world of difference for many young 15 everywhere. 1．A．interaction B．creation C．separation D．comparison 2．A．listening B．reading C．speaking D．writing 3．A．ceased B．adopted C．regretted D．realized 4．A．controlled B．labeled C．expected D．combined 5．A．get through B．appeal to C．side with D．break out 6．A．defend B．blame C．find D．suspect 7．A．energy B．knowledge C．abstract D．advertisement 8．A．adorably B．initially C．logically D．effectively 9．A．defeated B．stretched C．swung D．powered 10．A．situation B．user C．phone D．computer 11．A．collect B．secure C．spread D．commit 12．A．distinct B．popular C．personal D．convenient 13．A．wandering B．predicting C．facing D．integrating 14．A．continues B．imagines C．avoids D．forgets 15．A．drivers B．waiters C．actors D．learners Passage2.When in need of some guidance, most people immediately look for an expert on the topic. 1 , however, researchers with the Association for Psychological Science find that many experts don't actually give better advice than others — they just give more of it. “Skillful 2 and skillful teaching are not always the same thing, so we shouldn't 3 the best performers to necessarily be the best teachers as well,” says lead study author David Levari. “People seem to 4 quantity for quality. Our studies suggest that 5 in some instances, people may overvalue advice from 6 performers.” An experiment featured 2,085 people randomly 7 to either an advice or a no-advice group. After 8 a single round of the game of Word Scramble, participants in the advice group 9 advice from a random advisor and then played five more 10 . Meanwhile, the no-advice group just played six rounds without any 11 . People in the advice group did 12 perform better after getting some guidance, and their performances tended to 13 round by round. However, on average, researchers say the advice coming from the best players was not any more 14 than others' suggestions. “In our experiments, people given advice by top performers thought that it helped them more, but it is not always the 15 . Surprisingly, they thought this even though they didn't know anything about the people who wrote their advice,” Levari explains. 1．A．Luckily B．Surprisingly C．Furthermore D．Besides 2．A．search B．control C．application D．performance 3．A．allow B．expect C．force D．encourage 4．A．blame B．exchange C．mistake D．excuse 5．A．at most B．at last C．at first D．at least 6．A．average B．top C．poor D．mean 7．A．assigned B．opposed C．devoted D．exposed 8．A．writing B．designing C．playing D．losing 9．A．sent B．refused C．changed D．received 10．A．rounds B．groups C．games D．sports 11．A．rewards B．suggestions C．punishment D．hesitation 12．A．hardly B．indeed C．ever D．instead 13．A．decrease B．combine C．achieve D．improve 14．A．helpful B．hopeful C．careful D．graceful 15．A．truth B．case C．method D．idea Passage3.Heman Bekele, a 15-year-old talent, has been honored as TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024. This Ethiopian-born American teenager has 1 a groundbreaking idea — a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer. He is currently 3 with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept. Heman’s journey began in Ethiopia, where his family moved to the United States when he was just four. He 4 people working outdoors in the sun without protection, which led him to learn about the dangers of cancer and the importance of skin protection from his parents. Skin cancer, while 5 , often requires expensive treatment, motivating Heman to find a more accessible 6 . As a curious child, Heman loved mixing different liquids. When he was seven, he discovered a(an) 7 called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer. He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a 8 bar, 9 tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin. Last year, Heman created a video 10 his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. His creative 11 impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a $25,000 12 and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists. Heman and Dr. Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap’s 13 in treating skin cancer in mice. As a 14 teenager, Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his 15 . He encourages other young people to contribute to making the world a better place. 1．A．taken over B．caught up with C．run over D．come up with 2．A．finally B．completely C．possibly D．fortunately 3．A．working B．dealing C．discussing D．struggling 4．A．heard B．imagined C．observed D．felt 5．A．desirable B．treatable C．available D．reasonable 6．A．solution B．function C．description D．attraction 7．A．medicine B．trick C．advertisement D．surgery 8．A．chocolate B．metal C．soap D．candy 9．A．stopping B．employing C．ordering D．curing 10．A．selling B．admitting C．explaining D．sending 11．A．production B．trend C．approach D．donation 12．A．salary B．profit C．earning D．prize 13．A．effectiveness B．interaction C．accuracy D．permission 14．A．determined B．weak C．shy D．talkative 15．A．mood B．goal C．profession D．employer 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$