第11章 名词性从句-【高考零起点】2025年新高考英语总复习教用课件（艺考）

第十一章　名词性从句 英语 英语中，名词充当的句子成分主要有主语、 宾语、 表语和同位语。然而，在实际运用中，如果这些成分仅仅用名词去充当的话往往不够用，为了更加准确地表达出句子的意思，通常用一个句子去充当这些成分，于是便产生了名词性从句。与句子成分相对应，名词性从句也包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。 (1)在整个句子中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。 What we need is more practice. 我们需要的(东西)是更多的实践。 (2)在整个句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 I wonder if you can do me a favor. 我想知道你是否可以帮我个忙。 第十一章　名词性从句 (3)在整个句子中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。 That is what we need. 那是我们所需要的(东西)。 (4)在整个句子中充当同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 Danny left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. 丹尼留言给我秘书说他下午会再打电话。 第十一章　名词性从句 引导名词性从句的词有三类：连词、连接代词和连接副词。 词类 词形 词义 在从句中充当的成分 连词 that / / if/whether 是否 / 连接 代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、 宾语、 表语 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、 宾语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 which 哪个 主语、 宾语、 表语 第十一章　名词性从句 词类 词形 词义 在从句中充当的成分 连接 副词 where(ever) (无论)在哪里 状语 when(ever) (无论)什么时候 状语 how(ever) (无论)怎样 状语 why 为什么 状语 第十一章　名词性从句 如： ① Where he is staying is unknown to us. 我们不知道他待在哪儿。 ② That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们将要去哪儿。 ③ Who will be the leader of us will be determined at the next meeting. 下次会议将会决定谁将成为我们的领导人。 ④ My question is who will take over the class. 我的问题是谁将接管这个班级。 ⑤ When they are going to get married remains unknown. 他们何时结婚仍未可知。 ⑥ Why he failed in the English exam wasn't clear. 不清楚他英语考试为什么会不及格。 ⑦ This is what we have got from the project. 这是我们从这个项目中得到的东西。 第十一章　名词性从句 ⑧ Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。 ⑨ Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。 ⑩ I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。 引导名词性从句时，在一般情况下，where＝the place where(如①②), what＝the thing(s) that (如⑦), whatever＝anything that(如⑧), whoever＝anyone who(如⑨⑩)。 注意：在连接副词中有一个特殊的词because, 可以引导表语从句。如： The boss scolded him. That was because he came late. 注意与why引导的表语从句和定语从句的区别。 He came late. That's why the boss scolded him. The reason why the boss scolded him was that he came late. 第十一章　名词性从句 1. 连词 (1)连词that在从句中没有意义，也不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。在引导宾语从句时可以省略，在引导表语从句时，有时也可省略，而引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可省。 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 地球绕着太阳转，这是我们大家都知道的。(主语从句) I know (that) you are right. 我知道你是对的。(宾语从句) What we didn't know was (that) he would come. 我们不知道的是他会来。(表语从句) I've come from Mr. Zhang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从张先生那里来，带来了他今天下午不能来看你这个消息。(同位语从句) 第十一章　名词性从句 (2)whether和if的区别。 在以下几种情况下只能用whether。 ①引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句时只能用whether。 Whether he will come is still unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。 The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否会来。 The problem whether he will come has not been settled. 他是否会来这个问题还没解决。 ②作介词宾语，或者与不定式、 or not 连用时，只能用whether。 I was worried about whether he will come. 我担心他是否会来。 I don't know whether I should go or not. 我不知道我应不应该去。 I don't know whether to go. 我不知道去还是不去。 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 例1　I don't know he is well or not. 【解析】 引导宾语从句，与or not连用只能用whether, 不能用if。 【答案】 whether 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 2. 连接代词 (1)在what和whatever引导的名词性从句中，它们都是一个兼词，其中what＝the thing(s) that ，whatever＝anything that。它们在从句中均可充当主语、宾语或表语。 如：What we need is water. 我们需要的(东西)是水。其中what＝the thing that。 例2　A computer can only do you have instructed it to do. 【解析】 what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“一台电脑只能做你指示它去做的事情” 。 【答案】 what 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 例3　Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for. 【解析】 what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语，what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语，表示“你想用它做什么”。 【答案】 what 第十一章　名词性从句 (2)复合疑问连接代词whatever, whoever, whichever等引导的名词性从句，意义为“无论什么”“无论谁”“无论哪一个”或“任何东西”“任何人”“任何一个”等，可以变成相应的定语从句。 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 无论谁最后离开房间，都要关灯。 ＝Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 例4　翻译：一般认为，小孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. 【答案】 whatever 第十一章　名词性从句 3. it在名词性从句中的用法 (1)it 作形式主语 由于主语从句位于句首，句子显得头重脚轻，因此常把它移到后面，句首用it来作形式主语。 Whether he will come or not is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown whether he will come or not. 第十一章　名词性从句 it作形式主语的4个常见句型： ① It is＋形容词＋that从句 It is strange that he didn't come yesterday. ② It is＋名词(词组)＋that从句 It is a pity that we can't go there. ③ It is＋过去分词＋that从句 It is reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident. ④ It＋动词＋that从句 It seems that she likes English. 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 例5　It is known to us where there is pollution, there is harm. 【解析】 句意：众所周知，哪里有污染，哪里就有危害。It为形式主语，后面的主语从句where there is pollution, there is harm结构和意思都完整，空格处只起连接作用，故填在从句中不充当任何成分的that。 【答案】 that 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 例6　 was a pity that he missed the chance to take part in the contest. 【解析】 此题考查it作形式主语的用法。根据句子结构可知，that引导的从句为主语从句，作真正主语，因此前面应有形式主语，而形式主语只能用it。句意：很遗憾他错过了参加比赛的机会。 【答案】 It 第十一章　名词性从句 (2)it作形式宾语 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 第十一章　名词性从句 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that he got first prize is surprising. (同位语从句) The news that you've heard isn't true. (定语从句) ① 同位语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何句子成分； 定语从句中的that除了起连接作用外，还在句子中充当一定的句子成分，如例句中的that就在句子中充当宾语。 ② 从语义上来看，同位语从句与先行词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，如第一个例句中的先行词news和从句that he got first prize, news的具体内容就是that he got first prize。而定语从句中的从句是修饰先行词的，整体充当定语的成分，可译为“……的”，如第二个例句中的从句意思为“你听到的消息”。 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 解析 例7　I am delighted to hear the news you have passed the driving test. 【解析】 that引导同位语从句，解释说明前面抽象名词news的具体内容。 【答案】 that 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 用适当的连词、连接代词或连接副词填空。 1. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. 2. ________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 3. That is _______ he likes the place so much. 4. One of the men held the view ________ what the book said was right. 5. That is _________ Lu Xun once lived. 6. _______ is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. That What why that where Who 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 7. The order came ______ the soldiers had to leave the small village the next morning. 8. ________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 9. It depends on ___________ we have enough time or not. 10. ________________ you did it is not known to all. 11. ___________ wins can get a prize. 12. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins first place in the bicycle race. 13. ________ he always serves the people very well is known. 14. It doesn't matter ___________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. that What whether How/Why/When Whoever whoever That whether 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 15. My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me. 16. It is not a problem ___________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 17. The fact ________ she had not said anything surprised all of us. 18. This is _________ the Shenzhou 5 Spaceship landed. 19. It worried her a bit ________ her hair was turning gray. 20. The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. 21. Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases. what whether that where that what that 第十一章　名词性从句 答案 22. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____________________ I disagree. 23. They lost their way in the forest, and ________ made matters worse was that night began to fall. where(＝the place that) what 第十一章　名词性从句 感谢聆听 $$