内容正文:
第六章 动词的时态
英语
时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式,时态有三大类:过去、现在和将来。英语动词有16种时态,但是高考中常涉及的只有11种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时。这些时态的基本构成如下表所示(以do为例):
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing
过去 did was/were doing had done
将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done
过去将来 should/would do
第六章 动词的时态
第一节 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和过去将来时
英语
一、一般现在时(动词原形;be动词用am, is, are; 助动词用do, does)
1. 用于表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually, never等。如:
He is a junior student. 他是一名初中生。
He gets up at 6:30 every morning. 他每天早上6:30起床。
2. 用于表示客观事实、自然规律或普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
第六章 动词的时态
3. 主将从现:主句用一般将来时,在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表将来。如:
I will give you a call after I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京以后给你打电话。
4. 少数表起止的瞬间动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, end, stop, open, close等常用一般现在时表将来,表示一个按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。常见的用法是表示飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通安排。如:
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点发出。
第六章 动词的时态
二、一般过去时(v. -ed; be动词用was, were; 助动词用did)
一般过去时表示过去某时间的动作,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等。如:
I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨,我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
注意:有些句子,虽然没有表示过去的确定时间状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态,也要用过去时。
I didn't know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,“我”已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are there. )
I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。
(在说话之前,“我”以为你病了,但是现在“我”知道你没病)
第六章 动词的时态
三、一般将来时
构成:① sb. will/shall do
② sb. be going to do
③ sb. be about to do
④ sb. be to do
1. 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week等连用。如:
We will meet you at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天在学校门口和你碰面。
第六章 动词的时态
2. 除了用will和shall表示一般将来时外,还有几种表示将来的形式:be going to do, be to do, be about to do。其中be going to do 多指计划要去做的事,而be about to do表示即将做某事,也常用于“be about to...when”结构中。如:
If it is fine, we are going to have a picnic this weekend. 如果天气好,我们这周末就去野餐。
The train is about to start. 火车马上就要开了。
第六章 动词的时态
四、过去将来时
构成:① sb. should/would do
② sb. was/were going to do
③ sb. was/were about to do
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看(出发点是过去)将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
He said he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。
I was going to go abroad last year. 我去年打算出国的。
I was about to go outside when she called me yesterday. 昨天我正要出门,她突然给我打电话。
第六章 动词的时态
答案
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. The students in our class ___________________________________(go) to the mountain if it ________________(not rain) tomorrow.
2. —Hello, Kate. Are you still in Beijing?
—Oh, no. We are at home. I _______(have) a really good time there.
3. If you _________(spend) too much time playing online games, your mother ___________(be) angry.
4. Excuse me, I __________________(not realize) I was blocking your way.
will go/are going/are about to go
doesn't rain
had
spend
will be
didn't realize
第六章 动词的时态
答案
5. Mr. White _________(live) in Paris for seven years, and he lives in Beijing now.
6. My parents have promised to come to see me before I _________(leave) for Africa.
7. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ___________________(take) off at 18:20.
8. The teacher told us light ___________(travel) faster than sound.
9. It was said that the government _________________________________________ (send) more food and medicine to the village.
lived
leave
takes/is taking
travels
would send/was going to send/had sent
第六章 动词的时态
感谢聆听
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