专题12 句法考点之主谓一致-2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(浙江专用)

专题12 句法考点之主谓一致 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 1 1.完形填空中的主谓一致考查特点 1 2.短文填空中的主谓一致考查特点 3 3.书面表达中的主谓一致考查特点 5 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 浙江中考英语中含主谓一致的试题题型具有多样化的特征。常直接考查对主谓一致基本规则的理解，如给出 “either...or...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的并列主语，让考生选择正确的谓语动词形式，或者考查 “a number of + 复数名词” 与 “the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时谓语的区别等。在语法填空题里，可能会给出一个句子，让考生根据上下文填写合适的谓语动词形式，以此来考查对各种主谓一致原则的运用能力，比如当主语后有 “with”“along with” 等短语时，判断谓语动词与哪个部分保持一致。在写作题型中，虽然不会直接以考查主谓一致为目的来设题，但会隐性地考查考生在写作过程中能否正确运用主谓一致，使句子表达准确、规范，这就要求考生在书写句子时，要确保主语和谓语在人称和数上的匹配，以体现语言运用的准确性和流畅性。 【命题规律】 浙江中考英语中含主谓一致的试题命题规律主要体现在以下方面：在考查内容上，重点围绕语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则展开，涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语以及特殊名词作主语等多种情况与谓语动词数的一致问题。在题型设置上，单项选择题直接考查学生对主谓一致基本规则的理解和运用，如判断 “either...or...”“not only...but also...” 连接的并列主语后的谓语动词形式；语法填空题要求学生根据上下文准确填写合适的谓语动词形式，以检验对各种主谓一致原则的掌握程度；写作题型则隐性考查学生在书写句子时能否确保主语和谓语在人称和数上的匹配，使语言表达准确、规范。 【解题技巧】 一、完形填空 1.明确主语核心：仔细分析句子，找到真正的主语，排除干扰成分。比如，当主语后带有 “with”“along with”“together with”“as well as” 等短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。例如 “The teacher, together with his students, __ is __ (be) going to the park.” 这里真正的主语是 “The teacher”，所以用 “is”。 2.遵循主谓一致原则：掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。对于语法一致，像不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数；意义一致，如 “The police __ are __ (be) looking for the lost child.” 这里 “police” 从意义上看是复数概念；就近一致，在 “Either you or he __ is __ (be) right.” 中，谓语与靠近它的 “he” 保持一致。 3.结合上下文语境：从上下文获取线索，判断主语的单复数和整体时态。若文章整体是过去时态，且主语是复数，那谓语就用过去式的复数形式。 二、短文填空 1.判断主语类型：先确定句子的主语是单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词、代词还是其他特殊结构。比如 “__ is __ (be) there any water in the bottle?” 这里主语 “water” 是不可数名词，谓语用 “is”。 2.注意特殊主语：像 “a number of” 和 “the number of”，“a number of” 表示 “许多”，后接复数名词，谓语用复数；“the number of” 表示 “…… 的数量”，谓语用单数。如 “A number of students __ are __ (be) interested in reading, while the number of them __ is __ (be) increasing.” 3.检查时态与主谓一致：填完后，检查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致是否正确，确保句子符合语法规则和文章逻辑。 三、书面表达 1.书写时留意主语：在写作过程中，每写一个句子都要关注主语的单复数情况，准确选择谓语动词形式。比如写 “My family __ is __ (be) a big one.” 这里 “family” 指整体，谓语用单数。 2.运用规则确保准确：牢记主谓一致的规则，避免出现主谓不一致的错误。写完后仔细检查句子，尤其是一些容易混淆的结构，像 “neither...nor...”“both...and...” 连接的主语等。 3.提升语言准确性：平时多进行句子改写练习，强化主谓一致的运用，提高写作中语言表达的准确性和流畅性。 （一）完形填空中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语完形填空中含主谓一致的试题，主要考查学生在语境中对主谓一致语法规则的理解与运用能力。其特点通常表现为，通过在句子中设置复杂的主语结构来增加判断难度，如使用由多个名词或代词通过并列连词连接的主语，或者在主语后添加修饰性短语或从句等干扰信息，要求学生准确识别真正的主语，进而根据主谓一致原则选择正确的谓语动词形式。同时，试题还会结合上下文的时态和语义来综合考查，这意味着学生不仅要掌握语法知识，还需理解文章的整体语境，确保所选的谓语动词在时态、数和意义上都与句子及全文相匹配，以此来全面检验学生对主谓一致这一语法点的掌握程度和灵活运用能力。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 语法一致原则基本规则 最基本的主谓一致规则，即主语的语法形式决定谓语的形式。单数主语用单数谓语动词，复数主语用复数谓语动词。 The boy likes reading. （“boy” 是单数主语，“likes” 是单数谓语动词） The girls are singing. （“girls” 是复数主语，“are singing” 是复数谓语动词形式） 不可数名词作主语 不可数名词被视为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Water is important for life. （“water” 是不可数名词，“is” 是单数谓语动词） 动名词或不定式作主语 动名词或不定式作主语时，通常被看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading books is my hobby. （“Reading books” 是动名词短语作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） To learn English well is not easy. （“To learn English well” 是不定式短语作主语，用 “is”） 集体名词作主语 集体名词如 “family”“team”“class” 等，根据其在句中强调的是整体还是个体来确定谓语动词的单复数。强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数。 The family is a happy one. （强调整体，“is” 是单数谓语动词） The family are watching TV. （强调家庭成员个体，“are” 是复数谓语动词） 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语 当表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time. （“Ten years” 表示时间，被看作一个整体，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Five kilometers is not a long distance for him. （“Five kilometers” 表示距离，用 “is”） One hundred dollars is enough for this book. （“One hundred dollars” 表示金钱，“is” 是单数谓语动词） 就近一致原则中的连词连接并列主语 由 “or”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连词连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。 Either you or he is wrong. （离谓语动词 “is” 最近的主语是 “he”，所以用单数形式） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the movie. （离 “likes” 最近的主语是 “the teacher”，用单数形式） 不定代词作主语 “someone”“somebody”“anyone”“anybody”“everyone”“everybody”“no - one”“nobody”“something”“anything”“everything”“nothing” 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“both”“few”“many”“several” 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Someone is knocking at the door. （“Someone” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Many are interested in the activity. （“Many” 作主语，“are” 是复数谓语动词） 数量词作主语 “a number of + 复数名词” 表示 “许多……”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词” 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；“one of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。 A number of students have joined the club. （“A number of students” 作主语，“have joined” 是复数谓语动词形式） The number of students in our school is increasing. （“The number of students” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） One of the books is very interesting. （“One of the books” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Three - fourths of the land is covered with trees. （“Three - fourths of the land” 中 “land” 是不可数名词，谓语动词用 “is”） Forty percent of the students are girls. （“Forty percent of the students” 中 “students” 是复数名词，谓语动词用 “are”） 主语后有修饰成分 当主语后面跟有 “with”“except”“including”“along with”“together with”“as well as”“in addition to” 等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定，这些短语在句中作伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数。 The teacher, along with his students, is going on a trip. （真正的主语是 “The teacher”，“along with his students” 是伴随状语，所以谓语动词用 “is”） 【典题举隅】 It was the month of September and the autumn break was about to begin in a few weeks’ time. Our first term exams had just ended and we were free from the burden (负担) of 1 at least for a few days. Our school plans 2 during the autumn break. I always 3 to go on such a trip and have fun with my friends. While my parents allowed me to go on local school trips, they had always been 4 about sending me on faraway trips. They thought I was too 5 and careless. I tried to persuade (说服) them each year to let me go on these school trips but they 6 . However, after a lot of persuading, my mother promised that she would send me when I reached Grade 9 as I would be older. So, last year I reminded her of her promise. Luckily, she 7 to send me on my school trip. My joy knew no bounds (极限). A few of my close friends had also been allowed to go there and we were super 8 about our trip. I was 9 to get a window seat on the train as there was a lot to see outside. The view of small sand hills, green fields and long roads 10 me and I was glued to the window for most of the journey. For the rest of the 11 , we played cards, which was super fun. I just 12 the journey would never end. 13 , before we even realized it, we had reached the station. I 14 the train journey back to my hometown as I really enjoyed train journeys. Train journeys have always made me interested. I have gone on quite a few of them but this one was more 15 because I was traveling with my friends. I am looking forward to more such train journeys. 1．A．grades B．studies C．chores D．processes 2．A．trips B．meetings C．interviews D．tasks 3．A．decide B．forget C．want D．choose 4．A．worried B．clear C．sure D．certain 5．A．brave B．busy C．strong D．young 6．A．failed B．refused C．accepted D．tried 7．A．preferred B．needed C．agreed D．continued 8．A．nervous B．serious C．careful D．excited 9．A．lucky B．afraid C．proud D．sorry 10．A．gathered B．changed C．interested D．saved 11．A．autumn B．journey C．term D．break 12．A．wished B．doubted C．explained D．guessed 13．A．Also B．Instead C．Besides D．However 14．A．turned down B．dreamt of C．cheered up D．dropped by 15．A．strange B．helpful C．special D．difficult （二）短文填空中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语短文填空中含主谓一致的试题主要考查学生对英语语法中主谓一致原则的理解和运用能力。其特点通常表现为在语境中进行考查，要求学生结合上下文来判断主语的单复数形式，进而确定合适的谓语动词。试题可能会涉及多种主谓一致的情况，如语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则等，通过设置不同类型的主语，包括可数名词单数、复数、不可数名词、集体名词、不定代词等，以及各种连接词连接的并列主语等，来考查学生对主谓一致规则的掌握程度。同时，还注重考查学生的综合语言运用能力，需要学生在理解短文整体意思的基础上，准确运用主谓一致知识完成填空，使短文语法正确、语义连贯。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 语法一致原则 根据主语的语法形式来确定谓语动词的形式，主语为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My brother is a doctor.（“My brother” 是单数主语，所以用 “is”） They are students.（“They” 是复数主语，所以用 “are”） 意义一致原则 根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语动词的形式，有些主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；有些主语形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are looking for the thief.（“police” 是集体名词，在此表示复数意义，所以用 “are”） Five dollars is enough for a cup of coffee.（“Five dollars” 表示金额，被看作一个整体，所以用 “is”） 就近一致原则 当两个或两个以上的主语由 “or”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（离谓语动词 “has” 最近的主语是 “he”，所以用单数形式 “has”） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the movie.（离 “likes” 最近的主语是 “the teacher”，所以用单数形式 “likes”） 特殊情况 1：不定代词作主语 不定代词 “someone”“somebody”“anyone”“anybody”“everyone”“everybody”“no one”“nobody”“something”“anything”“everything”“nothing” 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“both”“few”“many”“several” 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Someone is knocking at the door.（“Someone” 作主语，用 “is”） Many are interested in the game.（“Many” 作主语，用 “are”） 特殊情况 2：数量词作主语 “a number of + 复数名词” 表示 “许多……”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词” 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；“one of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。 A number of students have joined the club.（“A number of students” 作主语，用 “have”） The number of students in our school is increasing.（“The number of students” 作主语，用 “is”） One of the apples is red.（“One of the apples” 作主语，用 “is”） Three - fourths of the water is clean.（“Three - fourths of the water” 中 “water” 是不可数名词，用 “is”） Forty percent of the students are boys.（“Forty percent of the students” 中 “students” 是复数名词，用 “are”） 特殊情况 3：主语后有修饰成分 当主语后面跟有 “with”“except”“including”“along with”“together with”“as well as”“in addition to” 等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定，这些短语在句中作伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数。 The teacher, together with his students, is going to the park.（真正的主语是 “The teacher”，“together with his students” 是伴随状语，所以用 “is”） 【典题举隅】 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸 的相应位置。 On Tuesday morning, Harry saw an ad in a window. It 1 (say), “Wanted: the best salesman in the world. Good pay.” “I’m a great salesman,” Harry told 2 (he). “I can sell anything. I’ll go in and ask for that job.” He went 3 the building and spoke to the manager. “I’m the best salesman in the world,” he said. “You should give me 4 job.” “You must prove it,” the manager said. “I’m sure I will pass every 5 (test) .” Harry told him. Then, the manager took a box of candy out of his desk. “Last week, I bought 1,000 boxes of this candy. 6 you can sell them all before the end of the week, you can have the job.” “That’s much 7 (easy) than I thought,” Harry said. He took the boxes of candy and left the office. Every day from morning to night, he went from shop to shop 8 (sell) the candy, but he couldn’t sell a single one. The candies were so bad that he couldn’t even 9 (give) them away for free. At the end of the week, he went back to the manager. “I’m sorry, sir,” he said. “It’s really hard for me to sell them. I’m not the best salesman in the world, 10 I know who is.” “Oh,” said the manager. “Who?” “The person who sold you 1,000 boxes of this candy!” Harry said. 2 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were 1 (几乎) lifelike. The artist’s influence had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his image done, as a 2 (结果) he called all great artists to come and present their finest works, so that he could 3 (选择) the best. The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he showed his painting to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The 4 (睿智的) old man told him to travel to the Li River, perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. 5 (充满了) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the 6 (岸边) of the river where he could find the great artist, they smiled and 7 (指着) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the 8 (著名的) painter. As the small boat moved, gently 9 (沿着) the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists (薄雾) rising from the river and the soft 10 (云) surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature. （三）书面表达中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语书面表达中含主谓一致的试题，主要考查学生在实际写作情境中对主谓一致这一语法规则的准确运用能力。它不单纯是对语法知识的孤立考查，而是融入到具体的写作任务中，要求学生在表达观点、描述事物或叙述事件时，能够根据所写内容的主语情况，正确使用相应的谓语动词形式，以确保句子在语法上的正确性和表达上的准确性。同时，通过对不同类型主语（如单数第三人称、复数名词、集体名词等）和各种句式结构（如简单句、复合句等）的运用，考查学生对主谓一致原则的熟练掌握程度，以及能否在连贯的语篇中保持语法一致性，使文章逻辑清晰、语言流畅。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 一般现在时中的主谓一致 在一般现在时的句子中，当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it、单数名词、不可数名词等）时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，通常在动词后加 -s 或 -es；当主语是其他人称或复数时，谓语动词用原形。 My mother goes to work by bike every day.（“My mother” 是第三人称单数，所以 “go” 用 “goes”） We like reading books.（“We” 是复数，“like” 用原形） 一般过去时中的主谓一致 一般过去时中，无论主语是单数还是复数，谓语动词通常用过去式，但要注意 be 动词的过去式有 was（用于第一、三人称单数）和 were（用于第二人称及复数）的区别。 He was late for school yesterday.（“He” 是第三人称单数，用 “was”） They were very happy at the party last night.（“They” 是复数，用 “were”） She visited her grandparents last weekend.（“She” 是第三人称单数，“visit” 的过去式是 “visited”，与主语单复数无关） 一般将来时中的主谓一致 一般将来时常见的结构有 “will + 动词原形” 和 “be going to + 动词原形”。在 “be going to” 结构中，be 动词的形式要根据主语来确定，主语是单数时用 is，复数时用 are。 He will go to Beijing next week.（“will” 后接动词原形，不受主语单复数影响） She is going to study hard this term.（“She” 是第三人称单数，用 “is going to”） They are going to have a picnic tomorrow.（“They” 是复数，用 “are going to”） 现在进行时中的主谓一致 现在进行时的结构是 “be + 动词 -ing” 形式，be 动词同样要根据主语的单复数进行变化，主语是单数时用 is，复数时用 are。 The boy is playing football on the playground.（“The boy” 是单数，用 “is playing”） The students are listening to the teacher carefully.（“The students” 是复数，用 “are listening”） 复合句中的主谓一致 在复合句中，要注意从句中的主谓一致。例如在宾语从句、定语从句等中，从句的谓语动词形式要根据从句的主语来确定。 I know that he is a good student.（宾语从句中 “he” 是主语，用 “is”） The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（定语从句中 “that I bought yesterday” 修饰 “book”，“book” 是单数，用 “is”） 特殊情况的主谓一致 包括集体名词作主语、不定代词作主语等情况。集体名词如 “family”“class” 等，当强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；当强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。不定代词如 “everyone”“someone” 等作主语，谓语动词用单数。 My family is a big family.（强调整体，用 “is”） My family are watching TV now.（强调个体，用 “are”） Everyone likes music.（“Everyone” 作主语，用 “likes”） 【典题举隅】 假定你是李平，请阅读以下邮件并回复。词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi there, Li Ping! We’ve had a discussion about being a helper at home in our class. I always help my parents do chores at home. And how about you? Do you often help your parents with the housework? What do you often do at home? What do you think of being a helper at home? And what have you learned from it? I’m looking forward to your reply. John Dear John, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Ping 1 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中选出一个最佳选项。 It was a cold, 1 February afternoon in 2017. I was in my house with my children. Suddenly, a fire 2 in my autistic (患自闭症的) son’s room. In a few minutes, the fire spread across the living room and then the whole house. My children and I all escaped the fire 3 physical injury. However, we lost all of our possessions, except for the clothes we were standing in. We didn't even have shoes on. I watched the fire go up through the 4 . We lost our home. We had 5 to live. Fortunately, we had insurance. But until we could receive some 6 , we had to live with friends and family and make do with what other people gave us. The main impact was on the children. My autistic son really had problems 7 any changes. He couldn’t 8 accept the fact of having to wear a new pair of shoes. Yet we had to tell him that he would be living in a 9 new house and that all of his clothes and 10 were gone. My youngest daughter had asthma (哮喘). 11 the headteacher of her school came and brought her the 12 she kept at school. Thinking about what could have happened, I couldn’t help but feel 13 . I was just thankful that my kids were all 14 . Everyone was so nice. People went out of their way to help, not just on the day the fire broke out, but also in the weeks afterwards. Their 15 is the thing that has really stuck in my mind. 1．A．wet B．dry C．warm D．lucky 2．A．broke in B．broke through C．broke out D．broke down 3．A．without B．with C．through D．by 4．A．floor B．stair C．ground D．roof 5．A．everywhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．somewhere 6．A．food B．money C．water D．space 7．A．dealing with B．taking up C．bringing up D．playing with 8．A．ever B．even C．never D．hardly 9．A．whole B．all C．half D．over 10．A．illness B．electricity C．snacks D．toys 11．A．Eventually B．Thankfully C．Carefully D．Helpfully 12．A．breakfast B．drinks C．medicine D．drug 13．A．happy B．afraid C．jealous D．sad 14．A．alive B．ill C．rise D．live 15．A．weakness B．kindness C．awareness D．hard work 2 I took a job as a helper for a vet almost fifty years ago. As a strong animal lover, I couldn’t stand seeing any animal 1 , so it’s really not an easy job for me. At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a 2 wounded Doberman dog (杜宾犬) in his arms and begging us to save his life, “Please help my poor pet, please!” The doctor and I ran back into the operating room to do a(n) 3 on the dog. The vet worked patiently for 3 hours, stitching his skin back together again. 4 , that was the easy part. The dog had also broken many bones. Even if he could live for the next few days, we were sure he would never 5 again. That day forever changed my life. I really wanted to do 6 to help the poor dog. I started to help him and with the 7 of the vet I became his helper. One of my jobs was to give that dog physical therapy (治疗) every day. I had to move his little 8 to let him do a little exercise in order to keep his muscles from becoming weak. 9 later, I’m glad that he could use his legs again. Time went by, I started forgetting this dog. 5 years later, on a usual morning, I walked into the clinic’s waiting room and called the name of the next 10 . Suddenly a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner jumped up excitedly and ran towards me happily. I found 11 pushed against the wall with this big dog standing on his legs, 12 my face with lots of happy kisses! “Ms. Mraz, I beg your pardon for my pet’s extreme excitement, 13 I’m afraid he just can’t help showing his great love and 14 feelings for you!” The owner ran in the room and 15 . I stood still for quite a moment and my eyes were filled with tears. 1．A．in pain B．in peace C．in silence D．in safety 2．A．simply B．clearly C．seriously D．lightly 3．A．test B．operation C．experiment D．improvement 4．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Luckily D．However 5．A．walk B．jump C．swim D．live 6．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 7．A．wish B．order C．guide D．treatment 8．A．legs B．head C．face D．tail 9．A．Hours B．Weeks C．Years D．Minutes 10．A．worker B．doctor C．patient D．volunteer 11．A．itself B．myself C．himself D．ourselves 12．A．sweeping B．painting C．spreading D．washing 13．A．but B．so C．as D．though 14．A．polite B．proud C．surprised D．thankful 15．A．shouted B．questioned C．promised D．apologized 3 Recycling is not only good for the environment, but also gives something that seems not so valuable a change to be something else. Mateo Lange, a 15-year-old boy from Michigan, US, is bringing 1 to the environment and his community through his weekend recycling efforts. At 11 years old, while playing baseball, Lange 2 his team needed money for competitions. He soon came up with a plan. In Michigan, cans and bottles can be 3 and redeemed (兑换) for money. The amount is 10 cents per item and is added as an extra fee at the time of buying to 4 litter and protect the environment. With the help of his 5 , Lange started a recycling program, raising $7,500 in just a few weeks. “We’ve raised so much money, 6 why not continue as long as we can?” he said. This success made him 7 and encouraged to continue the project with his father. In 2019, Michigan stopped its recycling program, leading to bottles and cans 8 accumulating (堆积) in people’s homes. Lange’s recycling 9 offered a solution. With his father’s help, they helped people get rid of their recyclables and 10 did pickups from people’s homes. “I’d just run out, knock on the door and say, ‘I’m here to 11 litter.’ I’d catch the bags and pull them to the truck,” Lange said. Since 2020, Lange’s recycling plan has raised $350,000 and helped over 50 local youth groups. Besides, it has prevented more than 2 million bottles and cans 12 polluting Michigan’s roadsides, lakes and rivers. “It has kept our community a lot 13 ,” Lange said. In 2023, Lange received the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, recognizing 14 environmental efforts and community impact. He believed the world would become a much better place. Lange always said, “Be 15 . Have an idea and build on it,” whenever he was asked about his cleanup achievements. 1．A．chances B．risks C．benefits D．problems 2．A．hoped B．realized C．promised D．decided 3．A．chosen B．polished C．offered D．collected 4．A．produce B．reduce C．check D．share 5．A．father B．mother C．teacher D．classmate 6．A．while B．but C．so D．or 7．A．nervous B．positive C．silent D．curious 8．A．normally B．simply C．rapidly D．hardly 9．A．walk B．dream C．secret D．program 10．A．even B．just C．still D．never 11．A．cut down B．hand out C．pick up D．pay for 12．A．from B．with C．by D．about 13．A．quieter B．cleaner C．stranger D．safer 14．A．our B．its C．their D．his 15．A．healthy B．creative C．careful D．polite 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Anita loves bedtime because her dad always tells her stories. Usually, he tells classic children’s stories, for example, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal 1 (story) make a good choice, too. Anita is always ready to hear her dad’s next story. 2 that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she 3 (tell) that Dad was sick, so Mom came 4 (share) her a story. Mom began to tell a story about Peppa Pig, but 5 Anita, it wasn’t the same. She really worried about Dad and missed story time with him. She thought maybe Dad 6 (miss) it at that moment, too. This gave her an idea. Anita 7 (immediate) jumped out of bed and rushed to Dad’s room. When the door was open, Dad said sorry to her weakly. Anita sat beside the bed and gave Dad 8 hug. “It’s OK, Dad. Tonight, let me tell you a story.” Lying in the big bed between Dad and Mom, Anita told 9 (they) a story about a big palace, a dragon, and a princess. She didn’t stop until Dad fell asleep. “Get well quickly, Dad,” Anita said softly, “It was 10 (sweet) night we’ve had. Thank you for giving me the magic power of telling stories.” 5 根据短文内容和所给中文提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 Kason Johnson turned 8 years old last Monday. That day, a lot of balloons were sent to his second-grade classroom at Mountain Grove Elementary in Missouri. It was an exciting day, but on the way out to his mom’s car, something 1 (坏的) happened. Kason lost his 2 (控制) of the balloons, and they flew away. Five 3 (百) miles away, Todd Huyler was working in Cleveland, Tennessee. He found Kason’s balloons in his working place. He quickly understood that the balloons were for an 8-year-old boy 4 (给……取名) Kason through the note on the balloons. He also knew the boy’s school 5 (信息) through the note. Most people would have thrown the balloons away, but not Todd! 6 (代替), he started 7 (收集) a few gifts to send to the birthday boy. He wrote Kason’s parents a letter and 8 (包括) a photo of himself and his dog, Henry. Todd also prepared a handmade 9 (棒球), a gift for Kason! Todd sent the package to the middle school, where teachers passed it to Kason and his family. In his letter, Todd said the 10 (简单的) act of a family showing love to their 2nd grader with a gift of surprise really brought him sunshine. How amazingly lucky Kason is to have a family that will try their best to show love! 6 某英语网站正在开展“劳动教育创意方案”的征集活动，校学生会策划了两个方案。假设你是学生会成员，请你选择其中一个方案，用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动内容及意义。要点提示如下： Getting Labour Education Plans Plan A: At school Plan B: At home Activities ·grow vegetables ·learn paper cutting ·… ·cook meals ·tidy up the room ·… Meanings ·get close to nature ·know more about Chinese culture ·… ·improve life skills ·develop independence (独立) ·… 注意：(1)短文必须包含表中你所选方案的所有信息，并适当发挥。 (2)文中不得出现与你身份相关的信息。 (3)词数：80~100。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Our school is calling for plans on labour education. We choose to get labour education __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 英语项目化学习复盘阶段，你班就“如何解决英语资料阅读困难”这一问题进行了调查，请根据下图，撰写一篇在班内分享的发言稿，介绍调查结果，并结合自身经历谈谈你的做法和体会。 注意：（1）文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息； （2）词数：110词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everyone! I am going to share the results of our survey about how students dealt with the difficulties when reading English materials. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 句法考点之主谓一致 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 1 1.完形填空中的主谓一致考查特点 1 2.短文填空中的主谓一致考查特点 3 3.书面表达中的主谓一致考查特点 5 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 浙江中考英语中含主谓一致的试题题型具有多样化的特征。常直接考查对主谓一致基本规则的理解，如给出 “either...or...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的并列主语，让考生选择正确的谓语动词形式，或者考查 “a number of + 复数名词” 与 “the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时谓语的区别等。在语法填空题里，可能会给出一个句子，让考生根据上下文填写合适的谓语动词形式，以此来考查对各种主谓一致原则的运用能力，比如当主语后有 “with”“along with” 等短语时，判断谓语动词与哪个部分保持一致。在写作题型中，虽然不会直接以考查主谓一致为目的来设题，但会隐性地考查考生在写作过程中能否正确运用主谓一致，使句子表达准确、规范，这就要求考生在书写句子时，要确保主语和谓语在人称和数上的匹配，以体现语言运用的准确性和流畅性。 【命题规律】 浙江中考英语中含主谓一致的试题命题规律主要体现在以下方面：在考查内容上，重点围绕语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则展开，涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语以及特殊名词作主语等多种情况与谓语动词数的一致问题。在题型设置上，单项选择题直接考查学生对主谓一致基本规则的理解和运用，如判断 “either...or...”“not only...but also...” 连接的并列主语后的谓语动词形式；语法填空题要求学生根据上下文准确填写合适的谓语动词形式，以检验对各种主谓一致原则的掌握程度；写作题型则隐性考查学生在书写句子时能否确保主语和谓语在人称和数上的匹配，使语言表达准确、规范。 【解题技巧】 一、完形填空 1.明确主语核心：仔细分析句子，找到真正的主语，排除干扰成分。比如，当主语后带有 “with”“along with”“together with”“as well as” 等短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。例如 “The teacher, together with his students, __ is __ (be) going to the park.” 这里真正的主语是 “The teacher”，所以用 “is”。 2.遵循主谓一致原则：掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。对于语法一致，像不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数；意义一致，如 “The police __ are __ (be) looking for the lost child.” 这里 “police” 从意义上看是复数概念；就近一致，在 “Either you or he __ is __ (be) right.” 中，谓语与靠近它的 “he” 保持一致。 3.结合上下文语境：从上下文获取线索，判断主语的单复数和整体时态。若文章整体是过去时态，且主语是复数，那谓语就用过去式的复数形式。 二、短文填空 1.判断主语类型：先确定句子的主语是单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词、代词还是其他特殊结构。比如 “__ is __ (be) there any water in the bottle?” 这里主语 “water” 是不可数名词，谓语用 “is”。 2.注意特殊主语：像 “a number of” 和 “the number of”，“a number of” 表示 “许多”，后接复数名词，谓语用复数；“the number of” 表示 “…… 的数量”，谓语用单数。如 “A number of students __ are __ (be) interested in reading, while the number of them __ is __ (be) increasing.” 3.检查时态与主谓一致：填完后，检查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致是否正确，确保句子符合语法规则和文章逻辑。 三、书面表达 1.书写时留意主语：在写作过程中，每写一个句子都要关注主语的单复数情况，准确选择谓语动词形式。比如写 “My family __ is __ (be) a big one.” 这里 “family” 指整体，谓语用单数。 2.运用规则确保准确：牢记主谓一致的规则，避免出现主谓不一致的错误。写完后仔细检查句子，尤其是一些容易混淆的结构，像 “neither...nor...”“both...and...” 连接的主语等。 3.提升语言准确性：平时多进行句子改写练习，强化主谓一致的运用，提高写作中语言表达的准确性和流畅性。 （一）完形填空中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语完形填空中含主谓一致的试题，主要考查学生在语境中对主谓一致语法规则的理解与运用能力。其特点通常表现为，通过在句子中设置复杂的主语结构来增加判断难度，如使用由多个名词或代词通过并列连词连接的主语，或者在主语后添加修饰性短语或从句等干扰信息，要求学生准确识别真正的主语，进而根据主谓一致原则选择正确的谓语动词形式。同时，试题还会结合上下文的时态和语义来综合考查，这意味着学生不仅要掌握语法知识，还需理解文章的整体语境，确保所选的谓语动词在时态、数和意义上都与句子及全文相匹配，以此来全面检验学生对主谓一致这一语法点的掌握程度和灵活运用能力。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 语法一致原则基本规则 最基本的主谓一致规则，即主语的语法形式决定谓语的形式。单数主语用单数谓语动词，复数主语用复数谓语动词。 The boy likes reading. （“boy” 是单数主语，“likes” 是单数谓语动词） The girls are singing. （“girls” 是复数主语，“are singing” 是复数谓语动词形式） 不可数名词作主语 不可数名词被视为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Water is important for life. （“water” 是不可数名词，“is” 是单数谓语动词） 动名词或不定式作主语 动名词或不定式作主语时，通常被看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading books is my hobby. （“Reading books” 是动名词短语作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） To learn English well is not easy. （“To learn English well” 是不定式短语作主语，用 “is”） 集体名词作主语 集体名词如 “family”“team”“class” 等，根据其在句中强调的是整体还是个体来确定谓语动词的单复数。强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数。 The family is a happy one. （强调整体，“is” 是单数谓语动词） The family are watching TV. （强调家庭成员个体，“are” 是复数谓语动词） 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语 当表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time. （“Ten years” 表示时间，被看作一个整体，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Five kilometers is not a long distance for him. （“Five kilometers” 表示距离，用 “is”） One hundred dollars is enough for this book. （“One hundred dollars” 表示金钱，“is” 是单数谓语动词） 就近一致原则中的连词连接并列主语 由 “or”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连词连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。 Either you or he is wrong. （离谓语动词 “is” 最近的主语是 “he”，所以用单数形式） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the movie. （离 “likes” 最近的主语是 “the teacher”，用单数形式） 不定代词作主语 “someone”“somebody”“anyone”“anybody”“everyone”“everybody”“no - one”“nobody”“something”“anything”“everything”“nothing” 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“both”“few”“many”“several” 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Someone is knocking at the door. （“Someone” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Many are interested in the activity. （“Many” 作主语，“are” 是复数谓语动词） 数量词作主语 “a number of + 复数名词” 表示 “许多……”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词” 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；“one of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。 A number of students have joined the club. （“A number of students” 作主语，“have joined” 是复数谓语动词形式） The number of students in our school is increasing. （“The number of students” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） One of the books is very interesting. （“One of the books” 作主语，“is” 是单数谓语动词） Three - fourths of the land is covered with trees. （“Three - fourths of the land” 中 “land” 是不可数名词，谓语动词用 “is”） Forty percent of the students are girls. （“Forty percent of the students” 中 “students” 是复数名词，谓语动词用 “are”） 主语后有修饰成分 当主语后面跟有 “with”“except”“including”“along with”“together with”“as well as”“in addition to” 等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定，这些短语在句中作伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数。 The teacher, along with his students, is going on a trip. （真正的主语是 “The teacher”，“along with his students” 是伴随状语，所以谓语动词用 “is”） 【典题举隅】 It was the month of September and the autumn break was about to begin in a few weeks’ time. Our first term exams had just ended and we were free from the burden (负担) of 1 at least for a few days. Our school plans 2 during the autumn break. I always 3 to go on such a trip and have fun with my friends. While my parents allowed me to go on local school trips, they had always been 4 about sending me on faraway trips. They thought I was too 5 and careless. I tried to persuade (说服) them each year to let me go on these school trips but they 6 . However, after a lot of persuading, my mother promised that she would send me when I reached Grade 9 as I would be older. So, last year I reminded her of her promise. Luckily, she 7 to send me on my school trip. My joy knew no bounds (极限). A few of my close friends had also been allowed to go there and we were super 8 about our trip. I was 9 to get a window seat on the train as there was a lot to see outside. The view of small sand hills, green fields and long roads 10 me and I was glued to the window for most of the journey. For the rest of the 11 , we played cards, which was super fun. I just 12 the journey would never end. 13 , before we even realized it, we had reached the station. I 14 the train journey back to my hometown as I really enjoyed train journeys. Train journeys have always made me interested. I have gone on quite a few of them but this one was more 15 because I was traveling with my friends. I am looking forward to more such train journeys. 1．A．grades B．studies C．chores D．processes 2．A．trips B．meetings C．interviews D．tasks 3．A．decide B．forget C．want D．choose 4．A．worried B．clear C．sure D．certain 5．A．brave B．busy C．strong D．young 6．A．failed B．refused C．accepted D．tried 7．A．preferred B．needed C．agreed D．continued 8．A．nervous B．serious C．careful D．excited 9．A．lucky B．afraid C．proud D．sorry 10．A．gathered B．changed C．interested D．saved 11．A．autumn B．journey C．term D．break 12．A．wished B．doubted C．explained D．guessed 13．A．Also B．Instead C．Besides D．However 14．A．turned down B．dreamt of C．cheered up D．dropped by 15．A．strange B．helpful C．special D．difficult 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【来源】2025年浙江省中考模拟英语试题 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在秋季假期前完成考试后，期待与朋友一起参加学校组织的旅行。尽管父母担心作者年纪小、粗心，但经过多次劝说，母亲最终同意作者在九年级时参加远行。作者在旅途中非常兴奋，享受火车上的风景和与朋友的互动，期待未来有更多这样的旅行。 1．句意：我们的第一学期考试刚刚结束，我们至少在几天内摆脱了学习的负担。 grades成绩；studies学习；chores家务；processes过程。根据“we were free from the burden (负担) of...at least for a few days.”可知是短暂的摆脱了学习的负担。故选B。 2．句意：我们学校计划在假期期间组织旅游。 trips旅行；meetings会议；interviews面试；tasks任务。根据“during the autumn break”可知是计划出游。故选A。 3．句意：我总是想参加这样的旅行，和朋友们一起玩。 decide决定；forget忘记；want想要；choose选择。根据“...to go on such a trip and have fun”可知作者总是想要参加这样的旅行。故选C。 4．句意：虽然我父母允许我参加本地的学校旅行，但他们一直对让我去远途旅行感到担忧。 worried担忧；clear清楚；sure确定；certain肯定。根据“...about sending me on faraway trips. They thought I was too...”可知父母一直很担心我。故选A。 5．句意：他们认为我太年轻和粗心。 brave勇敢；busy忙碌；strong强壮；young年轻。根据“and careless”可知他们认为我太年轻。故选D。 6．句意：我每年都试图说服他们让我参加这些学校旅行，但他们拒绝了。 failed失败；refused拒绝；accepted接受；tried尝试。根据“ I tried to persuade (说服) them each year to let me go on these school trips but they...”可知父母总是拒绝我。故选B。 7．句意：幸运的是，她同意让我参加学校旅行。 preferred更喜欢；needed需要；agreed同意；continued继续。根据“Luckily, she...”可知父母最后同意了。故选C。 8．句意：我的几个好朋友也被允许去那里，我们对这次旅行非常兴奋。 nervous紧张；serious严肃；careful小心；excited兴奋。根据“we were super...”可知我们都很兴奋。故选D。 9．句意：我很幸运在火车上得到了一个靠窗的座位，因为外面有很多东西可以看。 lucky幸运；afraid害怕；proud自豪；sorry抱歉。根据“...to get a window seat on the train as there was a lot to see outside”可知作者认为自己很幸运。故选A。 10．句意：小沙丘、绿色田野和长路的景色吸引了我，我大部分时间都盯着窗外。 gathered聚集；changed改变；interested感兴趣；saved拯救。根据“and long roads...me”可知窗外的景色很吸引我。故选C。 11．句意：在剩下的旅程中，我们玩牌，这非常有趣。 autumn秋天；journey旅程；term学期；break假期。根据“For the rest of the...we played cards”可知旅途剩下的时间了我们打牌。故选B。 12．句意：我真希望旅程永远不会结束。 wished希望；doubted怀疑；explained解释；guessed猜测。根据“...the journey would never end.”可知作者期待这场旅行永远都不结束。故选A。 13．句意：然而，在我们还没意识到的时候，我们已经到达了车站。 Also也；Instead相反；Besides此外；However然而。根据“...before we even realized it, we had reached the station.”以及上文内容可知此处表示对比转折关系。故选D。 14．句意：我梦想着回到家乡的火车旅程，因为我真的很喜欢火车旅行。 turned down拒绝；dreamt of梦想；cheered up振作；dropped by顺便拜访。根据“...the train journey back to my hometown as...”可知作者梦想着回家的火车旅程。故选B。 15．句意：我已经参加过不少火车旅行，但这次更特别，因为我和朋友们一起旅行。 strange奇怪的；helpful有帮助的；special特别的；difficult困难的。根据“but this one was more... because I was traveling with my friends.”可知这次的旅行更特别。故选C。 （二）短文填空中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语短文填空中含主谓一致的试题主要考查学生对英语语法中主谓一致原则的理解和运用能力。其特点通常表现为在语境中进行考查，要求学生结合上下文来判断主语的单复数形式，进而确定合适的谓语动词。试题可能会涉及多种主谓一致的情况，如语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则等，通过设置不同类型的主语，包括可数名词单数、复数、不可数名词、集体名词、不定代词等，以及各种连接词连接的并列主语等，来考查学生对主谓一致规则的掌握程度。同时，还注重考查学生的综合语言运用能力，需要学生在理解短文整体意思的基础上，准确运用主谓一致知识完成填空，使短文语法正确、语义连贯。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 语法一致原则 根据主语的语法形式来确定谓语动词的形式，主语为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My brother is a doctor.（“My brother” 是单数主语，所以用 “is”） They are students.（“They” 是复数主语，所以用 “are”） 意义一致原则 根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语动词的形式，有些主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；有些主语形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are looking for the thief.（“police” 是集体名词，在此表示复数意义，所以用 “are”） Five dollars is enough for a cup of coffee.（“Five dollars” 表示金额，被看作一个整体，所以用 “is”） 就近一致原则 当两个或两个以上的主语由 “or”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（离谓语动词 “has” 最近的主语是 “he”，所以用单数形式 “has”） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the movie.（离 “likes” 最近的主语是 “the teacher”，所以用单数形式 “likes”） 特殊情况 1：不定代词作主语 不定代词 “someone”“somebody”“anyone”“anybody”“everyone”“everybody”“no one”“nobody”“something”“anything”“everything”“nothing” 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“both”“few”“many”“several” 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Someone is knocking at the door.（“Someone” 作主语，用 “is”） Many are interested in the game.（“Many” 作主语，用 “are”） 特殊情况 2：数量词作主语 “a number of + 复数名词” 表示 “许多……”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词” 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；“one of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。 A number of students have joined the club.（“A number of students” 作主语，用 “have”） The number of students in our school is increasing.（“The number of students” 作主语，用 “is”） One of the apples is red.（“One of the apples” 作主语，用 “is”） Three - fourths of the water is clean.（“Three - fourths of the water” 中 “water” 是不可数名词，用 “is”） Forty percent of the students are boys.（“Forty percent of the students” 中 “students” 是复数名词，用 “are”） 特殊情况 3：主语后有修饰成分 当主语后面跟有 “with”“except”“including”“along with”“together with”“as well as”“in addition to” 等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定，这些短语在句中作伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数。 The teacher, together with his students, is going to the park.（真正的主语是 “The teacher”，“together with his students” 是伴随状语，所以用 “is”） 【典题举隅】 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸 的相应位置。 On Tuesday morning, Harry saw an ad in a window. It 1 (say), “Wanted: the best salesman in the world. Good pay.” “I’m a great salesman,” Harry told 2 (he). “I can sell anything. I’ll go in and ask for that job.” He went 3 the building and spoke to the manager. “I’m the best salesman in the world,” he said. “You should give me 4 job.” “You must prove it,” the manager said. “I’m sure I will pass every 5 (test) .” Harry told him. Then, the manager took a box of candy out of his desk. “Last week, I bought 1,000 boxes of this candy. 6 you can sell them all before the end of the week, you can have the job.” “That’s much 7 (easy) than I thought,” Harry said. He took the boxes of candy and left the office. Every day from morning to night, he went from shop to shop 8 (sell) the candy, but he couldn’t sell a single one. The candies were so bad that he couldn’t even 9 (give) them away for free. At the end of the week, he went back to the manager. “I’m sorry, sir,” he said. “It’s really hard for me to sell them. I’m not the best salesman in the world, 10 I know who is.” “Oh,” said the manager. “Who?” “The person who sold you 1,000 boxes of this candy!” Harry said. 【答案】 1．said 2．himself 3．into 4．the 5．test 6．If 7．easier 8．to sell 9．give 10．but 【来源】2024年浙江省舟山市中考三模英语试题 【解析】本文主要讲了Harry认为自己是一个优秀的推销员，所以他去一个公司应聘。经理让Harry去卖糖果，结果他一盒也没有卖出去，所以Harry告诉经理把这些糖果卖给他的人才是最好的推销员。 1．句意：上面写着：“招聘：世界最佳销售员。薪资优厚。”根据“Harry saw an ad in a window.”可知，时态为一般过去时，故空处需用动词过去式。故填said。 2．句意：Harry告诉他自己：“我可以卖任何东西。我会进去寻求那份工作。”根据句中主语“Harry”及所给单词可知，空处需he的反身代词himself“他自己”，表示“他对自己说”。故填himself。 3．句意：他走进大楼并与经理进行了交谈。根据“He went...the building and spoke to the manager.”可知，空处指“走进”，需介词into。故填into。 4．句意：你应该给我这份工作。根据第一段“I’ll go in and ask for that job.”可知，前文提到工作，空处是再次提到，需用定冠词the。故填the。 5．句意：Harry告诉他：“我确信我将通过每个测试。”every“每个”，其后跟名词单数。故填test。 6．句意：如果你能在周末之前把它们全部卖掉，你就能得到这份工作。根据空后两句可知，空处需用If来引导条件状语从句，故填If。 7．句意：那比我想的更容易。根据“than”可知，空处需比较级；easy“容易的”的比较级为easier。故填easier。 8．句意：每天从早到晚，他都跑遍各家店铺去卖糖果，但一颗糖果也卖不出去。根据“he went from shop to shop... the candy”可知，跑各个商店的目的是为了卖糖果，空处需用动词不定式表目的。故填to sell。 9．句意：这些糖果太糟糕了，他甚至不能免费赠送它们。couldn’t后跟动词原形。故填give。 10．句意：我不是世界上最好的推销员，但我知道谁是。空处前后为转折关系，需连词but，故填but。 2 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were 1 (几乎) lifelike. The artist’s influence had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his image done, as a 2 (结果) he called all great artists to come and present their finest works, so that he could 3 (选择) the best. The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he showed his painting to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The 4 (睿智的) old man told him to travel to the Li River, perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. 5 (充满了) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the 6 (岸边) of the river where he could find the great artist, they smiled and 7 (指着) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the 8 (著名的) painter. As the small boat moved, gently 9 (沿着) the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists (薄雾) rising from the river and the soft 10 (云) surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature. 【答案】 1．almost 2．result 3．choose 4．wise 5．Filled 6．bank 7．pointed 8．famous/well-known 9．along 10．clouds 【来源】2023年浙江省金华市婺城区中考三模英语试题（含听力） 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。 1．句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。“几乎”almost，副词修饰动词were。故填almost。 2．句意：有一天，皇帝想给自己画像，于是他召集了所有伟大的艺术家来展示他们最好的作品，这样他就可以从中选出最好的。result“结果”，as a result“因此”，固定短语。故填result。 3．句意：有一天，皇帝想给自己画像，于是他召集了所有伟大的艺术家来展示他们最好的作品，这样他就可以从中选出最好的。“选择”choose，且could后加动词原形。故填choose。 4．句意：这位聪明的老人让他去漓江旅行，也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一点东西。“睿智的”wise，形容词作定语，修饰名词old man。故填wise。 5．句意：满怀好奇，这位艺术家收拾好行李离开了。分析句子可知此处应是非谓语形式，主语the artist与动词“充满”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动含义，“充满”fill，过去分词是filled。故填Filled。 6．句意：当他问河岸上的村民在哪里可以找到这位伟大的艺术家时，他们微笑着指着河的下游。“岸边”bank，on the bank of“在……岸边”，故填bank。 7．句意：当他问河岸上的村民在哪里可以找到这位伟大的艺术家时，他们微笑着指着河的下游。“指着”point，由并列谓语动词smiled可知，此处应用过去式，point的过去式是pointed。故填pointed。 8．句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找那位著名的画家。“著名的”famous/well-known，形容词作定语修饰名词painter。故填famous/well-known。 9．句意：小船缓缓地在河上移动，群山在水中无声地映出倒影，这让他哑口无言。“沿着”along，介词。故填along。 10．句意：当他看到河上升起的薄雾和山顶周围柔软的云时，他流下了眼泪。“云”cloud，可数名词，此处应用复数。故填clouds。 （三）书面表达中的主谓一致考查特点 【考点诠释】 中考英语书面表达中含主谓一致的试题，主要考查学生在实际写作情境中对主谓一致这一语法规则的准确运用能力。它不单纯是对语法知识的孤立考查，而是融入到具体的写作任务中，要求学生在表达观点、描述事物或叙述事件时，能够根据所写内容的主语情况，正确使用相应的谓语动词形式，以确保句子在语法上的正确性和表达上的准确性。同时，通过对不同类型主语（如单数第三人称、复数名词、集体名词等）和各种句式结构（如简单句、复合句等）的运用，考查学生对主谓一致原则的熟练掌握程度，以及能否在连贯的语篇中保持语法一致性，使文章逻辑清晰、语言流畅。 考查要点 详细说明 举例 一般现在时中的主谓一致 在一般现在时的句子中，当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it、单数名词、不可数名词等）时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，通常在动词后加 -s 或 -es；当主语是其他人称或复数时，谓语动词用原形。 My mother goes to work by bike every day.（“My mother” 是第三人称单数，所以 “go” 用 “goes”） We like reading books.（“We” 是复数，“like” 用原形） 一般过去时中的主谓一致 一般过去时中，无论主语是单数还是复数，谓语动词通常用过去式，但要注意 be 动词的过去式有 was（用于第一、三人称单数）和 were（用于第二人称及复数）的区别。 He was late for school yesterday.（“He” 是第三人称单数，用 “was”） They were very happy at the party last night.（“They” 是复数，用 “were”） She visited her grandparents last weekend.（“She” 是第三人称单数，“visit” 的过去式是 “visited”，与主语单复数无关） 一般将来时中的主谓一致 一般将来时常见的结构有 “will + 动词原形” 和 “be going to + 动词原形”。在 “be going to” 结构中，be 动词的形式要根据主语来确定，主语是单数时用 is，复数时用 are。 He will go to Beijing next week.（“will” 后接动词原形，不受主语单复数影响） She is going to study hard this term.（“She” 是第三人称单数，用 “is going to”） They are going to have a picnic tomorrow.（“They” 是复数，用 “are going to”） 现在进行时中的主谓一致 现在进行时的结构是 “be + 动词 -ing” 形式，be 动词同样要根据主语的单复数进行变化，主语是单数时用 is，复数时用 are。 The boy is playing football on the playground.（“The boy” 是单数，用 “is playing”） The students are listening to the teacher carefully.（“The students” 是复数，用 “are listening”） 复合句中的主谓一致 在复合句中，要注意从句中的主谓一致。例如在宾语从句、定语从句等中，从句的谓语动词形式要根据从句的主语来确定。 I know that he is a good student.（宾语从句中 “he” 是主语，用 “is”） The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（定语从句中 “that I bought yesterday” 修饰 “book”，“book” 是单数，用 “is”） 特殊情况的主谓一致 包括集体名词作主语、不定代词作主语等情况。集体名词如 “family”“class” 等，当强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；当强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。不定代词如 “everyone”“someone” 等作主语，谓语动词用单数。 My family is a big family.（强调整体，用 “is”） My family are watching TV now.（强调个体，用 “are”） Everyone likes music.（“Everyone” 作主语，用 “likes”） 【典题举隅】 假定你是李平，请阅读以下邮件并回复。词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi there, Li Ping! We’ve had a discussion about being a helper at home in our class. I always help my parents do chores at home. And how about you? Do you often help your parents with the housework? What do you often do at home? What do you think of being a helper at home? And what have you learned from it? I’m looking forward to your reply. John Dear John, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Ping 【参考范文】 Dear John, I’m glad to hear from you. At home, I often help my parents with various chores, such as cleaning the living room, washing dishes, and sometimes cooking dinner. I think it’s a great way to show my love and care to them. Being a helper at home not only helps me develop my responsibility and independence, but also allows me to learn valuable life skills. Through these experiences, I’ve come to appreciate the hard work my parents do every day and I’m more aware of the importance of contributing to the household. It’s really rewarding to be able to help out and make a difference in my family’s life. Hope these answer your questions! Yours, Li Ping 【来源】2024年浙江省绍兴市新昌县5月中考学业水平综合评估英语试题 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一封电子邮件； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，要注意不要遗漏提示的相关要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出话题，介绍在家做的家务。 第二步，如何看待做家里的帮手。 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①help sb with sth帮助某人某事 ②not only…but also…不仅……而且…… ③be aware of意识到 [高分句型] ①I think it’s a great way to show my love and care to them. (宾语从句) ②I’ve come to appreciate the hard work my parents do every day (定语从句) 1 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中选出一个最佳选项。 It was a cold, 1 February afternoon in 2017. I was in my house with my children. Suddenly, a fire 2 in my autistic (患自闭症的) son’s room. In a few minutes, the fire spread across the living room and then the whole house. My children and I all escaped the fire 3 physical injury. However, we lost all of our possessions, except for the clothes we were standing in. We didn't even have shoes on. I watched the fire go up through the 4 . We lost our home. We had 5 to live. Fortunately, we had insurance. But until we could receive some 6 , we had to live with friends and family and make do with what other people gave us. The main impact was on the children. My autistic son really had problems 7 any changes. He couldn’t 8 accept the fact of having to wear a new pair of shoes. Yet we had to tell him that he would be living in a 9 new house and that all of his clothes and 10 were gone. My youngest daughter had asthma (哮喘). 11 the headteacher of her school came and brought her the 12 she kept at school. Thinking about what could have happened, I couldn’t help but feel 13 . I was just thankful that my kids were all 14 . Everyone was so nice. People went out of their way to help, not just on the day the fire broke out, but also in the weeks afterwards. Their 15 is the thing that has really stuck in my mind. 1．A．wet B．dry C．warm D．lucky 2．A．broke in B．broke through C．broke out D．broke down 3．A．without B．with C．through D．by 4．A．floor B．stair C．ground D．roof 5．A．everywhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．somewhere 6．A．food B．money C．water D．space 7．A．dealing with B．taking up C．bringing up D．playing with 8．A．ever B．even C．never D．hardly 9．A．whole B．all C．half D．over 10．A．illness B．electricity C．snacks D．toys 11．A．Eventually B．Thankfully C．Carefully D．Helpfully 12．A．breakfast B．drinks C．medicine D．drug 13．A．happy B．afraid C．jealous D．sad 14．A．alive B．ill C．rise D．live 15．A．weakness B．kindness C．awareness D．hard work 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【来源】2024年浙江省初中毕业升学文化考试模拟英语试题 【解析】本文主要讲述了一家人在遭遇火灾后的经历与感受。文中详细叙述了火灾发生的突然性、火势的迅猛以及他们如何幸运地从火灾中逃生却失去了家园和所有财物。 1．句意：那是一个寒冷干燥的2017年2月的下午。 wet潮湿的；dry干燥的；warm温暖的；lucky幸运的。根据“It was a cold”可知，此处描述的是天气状况，结合下文的起火情况，应该是很干燥。故选B。 2．句意：突然，我儿子患自闭症的房间发生了火灾。 broke in闯入；broke through突破；broke out爆发（火灾等）；broke down出故障。根据“Suddenly, a fire”可知，此处描述的是火灾的发生。与“火灾发生”相对应的是“爆发（火灾等）”。故选C。 3．句意：我和孩子们都没有受伤地从火灾中逃了出来。 without没有；with有；through通过；by通过（方式）。根据“My children and I all escaped the fire”可知，此处描述的是我们成功逃离了火灾。与“成功逃离”相对应的是“没有受伤”，而“没有”是描述这种状态的合适词语。因此，选择“without”。故选A。 4．句意：我通过屋顶看着火势蔓延。 floor地板；stair楼梯；ground地面；roof屋顶。根据“I watched the fire go up through the…”可知，此处描述的是我从某个高处观察火势。与“高处观察”相对应的是“屋顶”，因为通常我们会从屋顶或窗户等高处观察火势。因此，选择“roof”。故选D。 5．句意：我们无处可去，失去了家园。 everywhere到处；anywhere任何地方；nowhere无处；somewhere某个地方。根据“We lost our home”可知，此处描述的是我们失去了家园，因此接下来应该描述我们失去家园后的状态。与“失去家园”相对应的是“无处可去”，因为失去家园意味着我们没有了可以居住的地方。因此，选择“nowhere”。故选C。 6．句意：但在我们能得到一些赔偿之前，我们不得不和亲朋好友住在一起，靠别人给的东西勉强维持生活。 food食物；money钱；water水；space空间。根据“Fortunately, we had insurance”和“we had to live with friends and family”可知，此处描述的是我们在等待保险赔偿之前的生活状态，而赔偿通常是以“钱”的形式出现的。故选B。 7．句意：我的自闭症儿子真的很难适应任何变化。 dealing with处理；taking up占据；bringing up抚养；playing with和...一起玩。根据“My autistic son really had problems”和“any changes”可知，此处描述的是我的自闭症儿子很难适应变化，所以应该用“处理”这个短语。但在这里，“dealing with”是作为一个动名词短语出现，表示“应对、处理”的意思，与“had problems”搭配使用，表示“在应对变化方面有问题”。故选A。 8．句意：他甚至不能接受必须穿一双新鞋的事实。 ever曾经；even甚至；never从不；hardly几乎不。根据“He couldn’t”和“accept the fact of having to wear a new pair of shoes”可知，此处描述的是我的自闭症儿子对穿新鞋的排斥程度很深，所以用“甚至”这个副词来加强语气。故选B。 9．句意：然而我们不得不告诉他，他将住在一个全新的房子里，而且他所有的衣服和玩具都不见了。 whole整个的；all所有的；half一半的；over超过的。根据“a new house”和“all of his clothes and ... were gone”可知，此处描述的是我们将住在一个全新的房子里，并且他所有的东西都不见了，所以应该用“整个的”这个形容词来修饰“房子”。故选A。 10．句意：然而我们不得不告诉他，他将住在一个全新的房子里，而且他所有的衣服和玩具都不见了。 illness疾病；electricity电；snacks小吃；toys玩具。根据“ all of his clothes”可知，此处描述的是衣服和玩具都不见了。故选D。 11．句意：感谢校长亲自来到学校，把我女儿留在学校的药带来了。 Eventually最终；Thankfully感谢地；Carefully小心地；Helpfully有帮助地。根据“the headteacher of her school came and brought her the…”可知，此处描述的是校长亲自来送药，这是一个值得感谢的行为。与“值得感谢”相对应的是“Thankfully”。故选B。 12．句意：感谢校长亲自来到学校，把我女儿留在学校的药带来了。 breakfast早餐；drinks饮料；medicine药；drug毒品。根据“My youngest daughter had asthma (哮喘).”可知，此处描述的是校长带来了我女儿留在学校的药，因为她有哮喘。与“哮喘”相对应且符合语境的是“medicine”。故选C。 13．句意：想到可能发生的事情，我不禁感到害怕。 happy高兴的；afraid害怕的；jealous嫉妒的；sad难过的。根据“Thinking about what could have happened…”可知，此处描述的是想到可能发生的危险情况，我感到害怕。与“感到害怕”相对应的是“afraid”。故选B。 14．句意：我只是感激我的孩子们都还活着。 alive活着的；ill生病的；rise上升；live居住。根据“my kids were all…”和前文描述的火灾情况可知，此处描述的是我感激孩子们都还活着。与“还活着”相对应的是“alive”。故选A。 15．句意：他们的善良真的让我印象深刻。 weakness弱点；kindness善良；awareness意识；hard work努力工作。根据“People went out of their way to help…”可知，此处描述的是人们在火灾后对我们的帮助，这体现了他们的善良。与“善良”相对应的是“kindness”。故选B。 2 I took a job as a helper for a vet almost fifty years ago. As a strong animal lover, I couldn’t stand seeing any animal 1 , so it’s really not an easy job for me. At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a 2 wounded Doberman dog (杜宾犬) in his arms and begging us to save his life, “Please help my poor pet, please!” The doctor and I ran back into the operating room to do a(n) 3 on the dog. The vet worked patiently for 3 hours, stitching his skin back together again. 4 , that was the easy part. The dog had also broken many bones. Even if he could live for the next few days, we were sure he would never 5 again. That day forever changed my life. I really wanted to do 6 to help the poor dog. I started to help him and with the 7 of the vet I became his helper. One of my jobs was to give that dog physical therapy (治疗) every day. I had to move his little 8 to let him do a little exercise in order to keep his muscles from becoming weak. 9 later, I’m glad that he could use his legs again. Time went by, I started forgetting this dog. 5 years later, on a usual morning, I walked into the clinic’s waiting room and called the name of the next 10 . Suddenly a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner jumped up excitedly and ran towards me happily. I found 11 pushed against the wall with this big dog standing on his legs, 12 my face with lots of happy kisses! “Ms. Mraz, I beg your pardon for my pet’s extreme excitement, 13 I’m afraid he just can’t help showing his great love and 14 feelings for you!” The owner ran in the room and 15 . I stood still for quite a moment and my eyes were filled with tears. 1．A．in pain B．in peace C．in silence D．in safety 2．A．simply B．clearly C．seriously D．lightly 3．A．test B．operation C．experiment D．improvement 4．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Luckily D．However 5．A．walk B．jump C．swim D．live 6．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 7．A．wish B．order C．guide D．treatment 8．A．legs B．head C．face D．tail 9．A．Hours B．Weeks C．Years D．Minutes 10．A．worker B．doctor C．patient D．volunteer 11．A．itself B．myself C．himself D．ourselves 12．A．sweeping B．painting C．spreading D．washing 13．A．but B．so C．as D．though 14．A．polite B．proud C．surprised D．thankful 15．A．shouted B．questioned C．promised D．apologized 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．D 【来源】2025年浙江省浙里初中中考仿真模拟英语试题 【解析】本文讲述了作者是一位动物爱好者，在兽医诊所工作时，救助了一只受伤的杜宾犬，最终与它建立了深厚感情的故事。 1．句意：作为一个强烈的动物爱好者，我不能忍受看到任何动物痛苦，所以这对我来说真的不是一件容易的工作。 in pain痛苦；in peace平静；in silence沉默；in safety安全。根据“As a strong animal lover”可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，应是不能忍受看到任何动物痛苦。故选A。 2．句意：在我第一周结束的时候，我们正在关闭办公室，一天，一个年轻人抱着一只重伤的杜宾犬跑过来，恳求我们救他的命，“请帮帮我可怜的宠物！” simply简单地；clearly清楚地；seriously严重地；lightly轻微地。根据下文“The dog had also broken many bones.”可知，这只狗受了重伤。故选C。 3．句意：我和医生跑回手术室给狗做手术。 test测试；operation手术；experiment实验；improvement改进。根据“the operating room”及下文“The vet worked patiently for 3 hours, stitching his skin back together again.”可知，此处应是回到手术室给狗做手术。故选B。 4．句意：然而，这是容易的部分。 Instead代替；Therefore因此；Luckily幸运地；However然而。根据上文“The vet worked patiently for 3 hours, stitching his skin back together again.”以及下文“The dog had also broken many bones.”可知，此处句意发生了转折，表示相比治疗狗摔断的骨头，把皮肤重新缝合起来是简单的工作了。故选D。 5．句意：即使他能活下来，我们也确信他再也不会走路了。 walk走路；jump跳跃；swim游泳；live生活。根据上文“The dog had also broken many bones.”可知，狗也摔断了许多骨头，应是指狗再也不会走路了。故选A。 6．句意：我真的很想做点什么来帮助这只可怜的狗。 nothing没有什么；anything任何事情；something一些事情；everything所有事情。根据下文“I started to help him”可知，作者帮助了这只狗，此句为肯定句，something符合。故选C。 7．句意：我开始帮助他，在兽医的指导下，我成了他的助手。 wish愿望；order命令；guide指导；treatment治疗。根据“I became his helper”并结合选项可知，此处应是经过兽医的指导，从而成为了兽医的助手。故选C。 8．句意：我不得不移动他的小腿，让他做一点运动，以防止他的肌肉变得无力。 legs腿；head头；face脸；tail尾巴。根据下文“I’m glad that he could use his legs again.”可知，他的腿又能用了，所以此处应是作者移动他的小腿，以防止他的肌肉变得无力。故选A。 9．句意：几周后，我很高兴他能再次使用双腿。 Hours小时；Weeks周；Years年；Minutes分钟。根据“I’m glad that he could use his legs again.”可知，狗狗情况转好，能再次使用双腿，根据常识可推知，这一过程应是经过几周的时间。故选B。 10．句意：5年后，在一个平常的早晨，我走进诊所的候诊室，叫了下一个病人的名字。 worker工人；doctor医生；patient病人；volunteer志愿者。根据“I walked into the clinic’s waiting room”并结合选项可知，走进诊所的候诊室，应是叫了下一个患者的名字。故选C。 11．句意：我发现自己被推到墙上，这只大狗站起来，用很多快乐的吻洗脸！ itself它自己；myself我自己；himself他自己；ourselves我们自己。根据上文“Suddenly a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner jumped up excitedly and ran towards me happily.”可知，这只狗扑向作者，应是作者被推到墙上。故选B。 12．句意：我发现自己被推到墙上，这只大狗站起来，用很多快乐的吻给我洗脸！ sweeping扫；painting画；spreading传播；washing洗。根据“my face with lots of happy kisses”并结合选项可知，此处指狗用很多快乐的吻给作者洗脸。故选D。 13．句意：Mraz女士，请原谅我的宠物非常兴奋，但恐怕他就是忍不住对你表现出极大的爱和感激之情！ but但是；so所以；as因为；though虽然。根据空前“I beg your pardon for my pet’s extreme excitement”及空后的“I’m afraid he just can’t help showing his great love and…feelings for you!”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折。故选A。 14．句意：Mraz女士，请原谅我的宠物非常兴奋，但恐怕他就是忍不住对你表现出极大的爱和感激之情！ polite礼貌的；proud骄傲的；surprised惊讶的；thankful感激的。根据上文“I started to help him”可知，作者帮助了这条狗，所以此处应是指对作者心存感激之情。故选D。 15．句意：主人跑进房间道歉。 shouted喊叫；questioned质问；promised承诺；apologized道歉。根据“I beg your pardon for my pet’s extreme excitement”可知，此处指道歉。故选D。 3 Recycling is not only good for the environment, but also gives something that seems not so valuable a change to be something else. Mateo Lange, a 15-year-old boy from Michigan, US, is bringing 1 to the environment and his community through his weekend recycling efforts. At 11 years old, while playing baseball, Lange 2 his team needed money for competitions. He soon came up with a plan. In Michigan, cans and bottles can be 3 and redeemed (兑换) for money. The amount is 10 cents per item and is added as an extra fee at the time of buying to 4 litter and protect the environment. With the help of his 5 , Lange started a recycling program, raising $7,500 in just a few weeks. “We’ve raised so much money, 6 why not continue as long as we can?” he said. This success made him 7 and encouraged to continue the project with his father. In 2019, Michigan stopped its recycling program, leading to bottles and cans 8 accumulating (堆积) in people’s homes. Lange’s recycling 9 offered a solution. With his father’s help, they helped people get rid of their recyclables and 10 did pickups from people’s homes. “I’d just run out, knock on the door and say, ‘I’m here to 11 litter.’ I’d catch the bags and pull them to the truck,” Lange said. Since 2020, Lange’s recycling plan has raised $350,000 and helped over 50 local youth groups. Besides, it has prevented more than 2 million bottles and cans 12 polluting Michigan’s roadsides, lakes and rivers. “It has kept our community a lot 13 ,” Lange said. In 2023, Lange received the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, recognizing 14 environmental efforts and community impact. He believed the world would become a much better place. Lange always said, “Be 15 . Have an idea and build on it,” whenever he was asked about his cleanup achievements. 1．A．chances B．risks C．benefits D．problems 2．A．hoped B．realized C．promised D．decided 3．A．chosen B．polished C．offered D．collected 4．A．produce B．reduce C．check D．share 5．A．father B．mother C．teacher D．classmate 6．A．while B．but C．so D．or 7．A．nervous B．positive C．silent D．curious 8．A．normally B．simply C．rapidly D．hardly 9．A．walk B．dream C．secret D．program 10．A．even B．just C．still D．never 11．A．cut down B．hand out C．pick up D．pay for 12．A．from B．with C．by D．about 13．A．quieter B．cleaner C．stranger D．safer 14．A．our B．its C．their D．his 15．A．healthy B．creative C．careful D．polite 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B 【来源】浙江省金华义乌宾王中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期开学检测英语试卷 【解析】本文主要讲述了15岁的男孩马特奥·兰格利用回收计划帮助改善环境和社区的事情。 1．句意：来自美国密歇根州的15岁男孩马特奥·兰格通过周末的回收活动为环境和社区带来了益处。 chances机会；risks风险；benefits益处；problems问题。根据“Recycling is not only good for the environment, but also gives something that seems not so valuable a change to be something else.”可知，回收活动是能带来益处的。故选C。 2．句意：兰格11岁打棒球时，意识到他的球队需要钱来参加比赛。 hoped希望；realized意识到；promised承诺；decided决定。根据“while playing baseball”可知，需要钱来参加比赛这件事是在打棒球时突然意识到的。故选B。 3．句意：在密歇根州，罐子和瓶子可以被收集并兑换钱。 chosen选择；polished擦光；offered提供；collected收集。根据“redeemed for money”和“did pickups from people’s homes”可知，此处指收集瓶子和罐子兑换钱。故选D。 4．句意：每件费用为10美分，在购买时被添加作为额外费用，以减少垃圾，保护环境。 produce生产；reduce减少；check检查；share分享。根据“protect the environment.”可知，减少垃圾能保护环境。故选B。 5．句意：在他爸爸的帮助下，兰格启动了一项回收计划，几周就筹集了7500 美元。 father爸爸；mother妈妈；teacher老师；classmate同学。根据“With his father’s help, they helped people get rid of their recyclables”可知，兰格的爸爸帮助他启动计划。故选A。 6．句意：“我们已经筹集了这么多钱，所以为什么不尽可能长时间继续下去呢？”他说。 while当……时；but但是；so所以；or或者。前后两句话互为因果关系，前半句为因，后半句为果。因为筹集了很多钱，所以想要继续下去。故选C。 7．句意：这次成功让他变得积极并受到鼓励，要与父亲继续这个项目。 nervous紧张的；positive积极的；silent沉默的；curious好奇的。根据“and encouraged to continue the project with his father”可知，这次成功给兰格带来了好的影响，让他变得很积极。故选B。 8．句意：2019年，密歇根州停止了垃圾回收计划，导致瓶子和罐子在人们的家中迅速堆积。 normally通常；simply简单地；rapidly迅速地；hardly几乎不。根据“Michigan stopped its recycling program”可知，回收计划停止，家里收集的垃圾会迅速堆积。故选C。 9．句意：兰格的回收计划提供了一个解决方案。 walk散步；dream梦想；secret秘密；program计划。根据“Lange started a recycling program”可知，此处指兰格的回收计划。故选D。 10．句意：在他爸爸的帮助下，他们帮助人们处理可回收物品，甚至还到人们家里收集垃圾。 even甚至；just仅仅，只；still仍然；never从不。根据“did pickups from people’s homes”可知，兰格不仅帮助处理可回收物品，甚至还去家里收垃圾。此处表示递进关系。故选A。 11．句意：“我会跑出去，敲门说，‘我来收垃圾。’我会抓起袋子，把它们拉到卡车上，”兰格说。 cut down削减；hand out分发；pick up捡起，拾起；pay for支付。根据“did pickups from people’s homes”可知，此处指捡起垃圾，收走。故选C。 12．句意：此外，它还阻止了200多万个瓶子和罐子污染密歇根州的路边、湖泊和河流。 from来自；with和；by通过；about关于。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故选A。 13．句意：“它让我们的社区变得更加干净，”兰格说。 quieter更安静的；cleaner更干净的；stranger更奇怪的；safer更安全的。根据“it has prevented more than 2 million bottles and cans from polluting Michigan’s roadsides, lakes and rivers”可知，污染少了，社区更干净了。故选B。 14．句意：2023年，兰格获得了格洛丽亚巴伦青年英雄奖，以表彰他为环境保护所做的努力和对社区的影响。 our我们的；its它的；their他们的；his他的。根据“He believed the world would become a much better place.”可知，此处是表彰兰格的努力，用第三人称单数的his。故选D。 15．句意：每当被问及他的清理成果时，兰格总是说：“要有创造力。有想法并以此为基础进行构建。” healthy健康的；creative有创造力的；careful仔细的；polite礼貌的。根据“Have an idea and build on it”可知，有创造力才会有想法。故选B。 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Anita loves bedtime because her dad always tells her stories. Usually, he tells classic children’s stories, for example, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal 1 (story) make a good choice, too. Anita is always ready to hear her dad’s next story. 2 that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she 3 (tell) that Dad was sick, so Mom came 4 (share) her a story. Mom began to tell a story about Peppa Pig, but 5 Anita, it wasn’t the same. She really worried about Dad and missed story time with him. She thought maybe Dad 6 (miss) it at that moment, too. This gave her an idea. Anita 7 (immediate) jumped out of bed and rushed to Dad’s room. When the door was open, Dad said sorry to her weakly. Anita sat beside the bed and gave Dad 8 hug. “It’s OK, Dad. Tonight, let me tell you a story.” Lying in the big bed between Dad and Mom, Anita told 9 (they) a story about a big palace, a dragon, and a princess. She didn’t stop until Dad fell asleep. “Get well quickly, Dad,” Anita said softly, “It was 10 (sweet) night we’ve had. Thank you for giving me the magic power of telling stories.” 【答案】 1．stories 2．But 3．was told 4．to share 5．for 6．missed/was missing 7．immediately 8．a 9．them 10．the sweetest 【来源】2024年浙江省嘉兴市中考二模英语试题（含听力） 【解析】本文讲述了安妮塔喜欢听爸爸给她讲睡前故事，有一天爸爸生病了，安妮塔在爸爸的床上给他讲故事。 1．句意：动物故事也是不错的选择。story“故事”，根据“make a good choice”可知，主语应该填复数，泛指类别。故填stories。 2．句意：但那天晚上，是妈妈把安妮塔抱上床的。根据“Anita is always ready to hear her dad’s next story.”以及“it was Mom who put Anita into bed.”可知，前后文存在转折关系，but“但是”符合语境。故填But。 3．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，妈妈告诉她爸爸病了，于是妈妈来给她讲了一个故事。tell“告诉”，根据“Mom where Dad was and she”可知，设空处是一般过去时，此处指的是安妮塔被告知，填一般过去时的被动语态，故填was told。 4．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，妈妈告诉她爸爸病了，于是妈妈来给她讲了一个故事。share“分享”，根据“her a story.”可知，设空处表目的，填不定式作状语。故填to share。 5．句意：妈妈开始给她讲《小猪佩奇》的故事，但对安妮塔来说，故事就不一样了。根据“Anita, it wasn’t the same.”可知，此处指的是对安妮塔来说，介词for“对”符合语境。故填for。 6．句意：她想也许爸爸在那一刻也想念/也在想念讲故事时间。miss“想念”，根据“it at that moment, too.”可知，此处指的是生病的爸爸也许也想念故事时间，或者说也正在想念故事时间，设空处填一般过去时或过去进行时都可以，主语是“Dad”。故填missed/was missing。 7．句意：安妮塔立刻跳下床，冲到爸爸的房间。修饰动词“jumped”，填所给词的副词形式immediately“立即”。故填immediately。 8．句意：安妮塔坐在床边，给了爸爸一个拥抱。根据“hug”可知，设空处泛指一个拥抱，且是辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。 9．句意：安妮塔躺在爸爸妈妈中间的大床上，给他们讲了一个关于大宫殿、龙和公主的故事。根据“Anita told”可知，动词后接人称代词宾格形式them“他们”。故填them。 10．句意：这是我们度过的最甜蜜的夜晚。根据“night we’ve had”可知，指的是最甜蜜的夜晚，设空处填最高级，前面用定冠词the。故填the sweetest。 5 根据短文内容和所给中文提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 Kason Johnson turned 8 years old last Monday. That day, a lot of balloons were sent to his second-grade classroom at Mountain Grove Elementary in Missouri. It was an exciting day, but on the way out to his mom’s car, something 1 (坏的) happened. Kason lost his 2 (控制) of the balloons, and they flew away. Five 3 (百) miles away, Todd Huyler was working in Cleveland, Tennessee. He found Kason’s balloons in his working place. He quickly understood that the balloons were for an 8-year-old boy 4 (给……取名) Kason through the note on the balloons. He also knew the boy’s school 5 (信息) through the note. Most people would have thrown the balloons away, but not Todd! 6 (代替), he started 7 (收集) a few gifts to send to the birthday boy. He wrote Kason’s parents a letter and 8 (包括) a photo of himself and his dog, Henry. Todd also prepared a handmade 9 (棒球), a gift for Kason! Todd sent the package to the middle school, where teachers passed it to Kason and his family. In his letter, Todd said the 10 (简单的) act of a family showing love to their 2nd grader with a gift of surprise really brought him sunshine. How amazingly lucky Kason is to have a family that will try their best to show love! 【答案】 1．bad 1．control 2．hundred 1．named 2．information 3．Instead 4．collecting 5．included 6．baseball 7．simple 【来源】2023年浙江省金华市婺城区中考一模英语试题 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主语介绍了卡森的生日气球飘到500公里外，却意外收获了来自托德的礼物。 1．句意：这是激动人心的一天，但在去他妈妈车的路上，发生了一些不好的事情。“坏的”bad，形容词，something bad“一些不好的事情”。故填bad。 2．句意：卡森失去了对气球的控制，气球飞走了。“控制”control，此句中是不可数名词。故填control。 3．句意：500英里外，托德·胡勒在田纳西州的克利夫兰工作。“百”hundred，具体数字后hundred用单数形式。故填hundred。 4．句意：通过气球上的纸条，他很快就明白这些气球是给一个名叫卡森的8岁男孩的。“给……取名”name，该空填动词的非谓语形式，an 8-year-old boy和动词name之间是被动关系，用动词的过去分词表示被动含义。name的过去分词是named，an 8-year-old boy named Kason“一个名叫卡森的8岁男孩的”。故填named。 5．句意：他还通过纸条知道了男孩的学校信息。“信息”information，不可数名词。故填information。 6．句意：相反，他开始收集一些礼物送给生日男孩。“代替”instead，且句首字母大写。故填Instead。 7．句意：相反，他开始收集一些礼物送给生日男孩。start doing“开始做某事”，“收集”collect。故填collecting。 8．句意：他给卡森的父母写了一封信，并附上了他和他的狗亨利的照片。“包括”include，由wrote可知，句子是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，include的过去式是included。故填included。 9．句意：托德还准备了一个手工制作的棒球，作为送给卡森的礼物！“棒球”baseball，可数名词，a后加单数。故填baseball。 10．句意：托德在信中说，一家人用惊喜礼物向二年级学生示爱的简单行为真的给他带来了阳光。“简单的”simple，形容词修饰名词act。故填simple。 6 某英语网站正在开展“劳动教育创意方案”的征集活动，校学生会策划了两个方案。假设你是学生会成员，请你选择其中一个方案，用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动内容及意义。要点提示如下： Getting Labour Education Plans Plan A: At school Plan B: At home Activities ·grow vegetables ·learn paper cutting ·… ·cook meals ·tidy up the room ·… Meanings ·get close to nature ·know more about Chinese culture ·… ·improve life skills ·develop independence (独立) ·… 注意：(1)短文必须包含表中你所选方案的所有信息，并适当发挥。 (2)文中不得出现与你身份相关的信息。 (3)词数：80~100。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Our school is calling for plans on labour education. We choose to get labour education __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Our school is calling for plans on labour education. We choose to get labour education at school. There will be three labour activities for us to take part in. Here is our plan. Firstly, we will learn to grow vegetables with the help of the teachers. We need to look after the vegetables with great care and attention, which will offer us a chance to get close to nature. What’s more, we can also learn paper cutting from the art teachers, and it’s really meaningful to learn more about Chinese culture. Apart from that, it’s of great use to learn to make delicious food from the cooks in our school. In short, we hope all of us can improve ourselves and make a difference through the labour activities. 【来源】2024年浙江省嘉兴市平湖市中考模拟预测英语试题 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示，并适当添加细节，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步、承接已给的开头，引出话题，并选择其中一个方案； 第二步、介绍该方案中的活动以及意义； 第三步、书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①take part in参加 ②look after照看 ③apart from除了 ④make a difference有影响 [高分句型] We need to look after the vegetables with great care and attention, which will offer us a chance to get close to nature. (which引导非限制性定语从句) 7 英语项目化学习复盘阶段，你班就“如何解决英语资料阅读困难”这一问题进行了调查，请根据下图，撰写一篇在班内分享的发言稿，介绍调查结果，并结合自身经历谈谈你的做法和体会。 注意：（1）文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息； （2）词数：110词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everyone! I am going to share the results of our survey about how students dealt with the difficulties when reading English materials. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Hello, everyone! I am going to share the results of our survey about how students dealt with the difficulties when reading English materials. As you can see, nearly half the students asked others for help when they had trouble reading while 34% of students chose to use tools. However, 9% of students simply gave up. For me, I prefer to use tools. I used to give up easily. However, after I learned how to use online dictionaries to look up new words, I realized that using tools was helpful and convenient. I found that using online dictionaries could help me fully understand the materials and enlarge my vocabulary. Now when I meet difficulties in reading, I often try to solve them by using tools, like the Internet. I believe using tools in a right way will help me learn English well. 【来源】2024年浙江省温州市6月中考英语学业水平考试阶段性考试 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇讲稿； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时和一般过去时”； ③提示：根据图片及提示内容进行写作，注意要点齐全，并突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出主题； 第二步，介绍调查结果； 第三步，介绍自己的做法及体会。 [亮点词汇] ①look up查阅 ②in a right way以正确的方式 ③convenient方便的 [高分句型] ①However, after I learned how to use online dictionaries to look up new words, I realized that using tools was helpful and convenient. (after引导的时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句) ②Now when I meet difficulties in reading, I often try to solve them by using tools, like the Internet. (when引导时间状语从句) 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$