抢分秘籍 阅读理解（有不丢分的技巧+实战案例）-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押秘籍（天津专用）

抢分秘籍 阅读理解（不丢分的技巧） 目录 【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测........................................................................................01 【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图............................................................................................................01 【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略........................................................................................................02 【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点............................................................................................................02 【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）............................................................09 概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆ 题型预测 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题 考向预测 体裁：应用文1篇、 记叙文1篇、 说明文1-2篇、 议论文0-1篇 细节理解题10-13题、推理判断题4-6题、主旨大意题1-2题、词义猜测题0-1题 秘籍：高考阅读理解要弄清文体类型，把握文体结构和写作特征，快速、准确地把握作者的写作思路、理解作者的写作意图。高考阅读文体类型有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。记叙文又可细分为小说、新闻报道、人物传记等。 具体体裁结构如下： 应用文：如书信、广告、日记等。文中具体细节题较多，阅读时应当采取先题后文法。以提高答题速度和精准度。 记叙文：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要体现记叙文六要素。其主题往往隐藏在字里行间或结尾点题。阅读记叙文应当采取略读和扫读的方法，从整体上快速抓住文章描写的主要内容，把握作者的写作意图和情感线索。 说明文：英语说明文通常介绍最新科技发明、重大成就、流行现象等。总体结构通常分为三部分，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。阅读时，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，即被说明对象的实质性特征。 议论文：英语议论文由“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。借助某一现象引出论点，通过论据从各个层面加以推理论证，最后得出结论。应当把握每一段的主题句。 易错点一：细节理解题 秘籍：细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。 具体步骤如下： 第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。 第二步：采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。 第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。 （2024·天津卷第一次） Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. …… 1. Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 变式：（2023·天津卷第二次） …… Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 4. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 易错点二：推理判断题 1. 秘籍：推理判断题需要采用深度阅读法，采用文题结合的阅读方式，理解文章中隐含的意思和逻辑关系，从而得出正确的推断。 具体解题步骤如下： 第一步：采用文题结合法，阅读文章主旨段落，以便把握作者写作意图和方向。 第二步：审读题干，提取关键词，定位到原文相关句子，再精准翻译。注意长难句的结构划分，长难句中常会设置题目。 第三步：注意细节和逻辑关系，核对选项，得出正确答案。 （2024·天津卷第一次） …… Why did scientists miss this? One probable reason is that most climate models assume that the melting of permafrost is driven only by warming air. New evidence suggests, however, that rainfall — particularly increasing autumn rain — is now contributing significantly to permafrost loss. The rainfall carries heat into the ground. Yet none of the existing models includes such processes. That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world. 5. What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．Direct observation is a must for scientific research. B．Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities. C．New evidence should be found to back up research findings. D．Scientific predictions should be mostly based on research models. 变式1：（2023·天津卷第二次） Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be. The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through. …… 5. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. 变式2：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 4. Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 易错点三： 主旨大意题 秘籍：主旨大意题中的标题归纳题属于文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题具有一定的特征，如以短语或祈使句形式出现，醒目鲜明。 段落大意题解题时重点关注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有时会和段落结尾句首尾呼应。 文章大意题解答时应当重点关注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往会点明文章的主要内容和线索，有时在各个段落的主旨句中也可以提炼文章的大意。 正确选项特征 干扰选项特征 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段 过于笼统，不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小 以偏概全，主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 移花接木，偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 无中生有，生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系 （2024·天津卷第一次） Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. ...... 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 变式1：（2024·天津卷第一次） Staring at the bookcases in my study, packed with so many great books that had remained unread, I heard a loud voice in my head — “Shame on you! How can you leave these masterpieces unread?” The first book I picked up was Montaigne's Essays. To my surprise I discovered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my own faded hand-writing. So I was actually reading it again, but what I was rereading seemed entirely new. I also found sentences underlined. Only this time I wondered: Why did I underline this sentence? It's the next one that is important! ...... All of these ways of reading are valuable. Renewed contact with a novel or a poem can activate the search for a better knowledge of the self. The new reading, a form of revision, uncovers the change in us. The newness is not in the text. It is we who have evolved. In the process of rereading, our outlook has also been significantly changed. Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light. 5. What could be the best title for the passage? A．Accessing Masterpieces through Rereading B．Rereading: Voluntary or Involuntary? C．Rereading: Pursuit of Truth D．Transformative Power of Rereading 变式2：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 5. What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. 易错点四： 词义猜测题 秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。 （2024·天津卷第一次） ...... Another issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive to wasted effort. Studies have shown that it calculates the effort required for actions and tends to stop us from squandering vital resources on fruitless efforts, like walking over 30 km for a handful of berries. ...... 2. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 3? A．Conserving. B．Mixing. C．Misusing. D．Sharing. 变式1：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. ...... 1. What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 变式2：（2025·天津十二区重点校·一模） ...... To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. ...... 4. What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated Passage 1 （2024·天津河北·模拟预测） In 1971, a young man who grew up very poor was traveling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. Along the way he had completely run out of money and was forced to spend the night in his car. This continued until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked nervously into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast. After eating his first good meal in weeks, he lied to the waiter, telling him he had lost his wallet. The waiter, who was also the owner, walked behind the chair where the young man had been sitting. He bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have dropped this.” . The young man couldn’t believe his luck! He quickly paid for the breakfast, left a tip, bought gas with the change, and headed West. On the way out of town, he began to understand what that fellow did. Maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didn’t embarrass me. So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.” Later, he worked very hard and became a rich man. Now, he lives near Kansas City. Each year he gives away thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in Kansas City. 1．The young man was traveling across the country in 1971 probably to _________. A．start a new life B．hand out gifts to passers-by C．look for a good restaurant D．show his new car to others 2．The underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to ________. A．a wallet B．his luck C．the $20 bill D．his tip 3．On the way out of town, the young man got to know that ________. A．it was very honest of the owner to return his money B．another man who had breakfast in the restaurant lost the money C．he could probably find himself a job in the restaurant D．the owner helped him in a way that didn’t hurt his feelings 4．We can infer from this passage that ________. A．the man raised money for the poor B．the man did keep his promise C．Santa gives the man money each year D．the man was not successful in the end 5．The best title for this passage may be ________. A．Secret Santa of Kansas City B．The Key to Success C．Loose Lips Sink Ships D．Never Give Up Passage 2 （2024·天津河北·一模） We are seeking volunteers to join our program and make a difference in the lives of young children by sharing the joy of reading. As we know, in the field of education, the ability to read fluently and comprehend written text holds the key to unlocking a world of knowledge and opportunities. For children between the ages of 5 and 10, this skill is particularly crucial, as it forms the foundation for their academic and personal growth. An Hour a Week from You You’ll spend one hour a week reading stories with a child aged 5 to 10 years, on our secure online platform. The program involves two 30-minute sessions a week with the same child, spanning six weeks. Our online volunteering can fit around your schedule and there’s no need to travel. We ask all our volunteers to complete at least three programs a year, so we can continue to support as many children as possible. A World of Opportunity for Them With just one hour of your time each week, you can make a profound difference in a child’s life, nurturing their love for reading and fostering (促进) their ability to navigate the vast ocean of written communication. In essence, you help young readers make progress and open up a world of opportunity for their future. Remember: YOUR TIME, THEIR FUTURE As a bookmark volunteer, you’ll: **help children gain the reading skills they need to progress at school and in life. **help boost a child’s confidence by giving them one-to-one attention. **show that learning to read can be fun! It’s amazing when you introduce a young reader to a book, comic, or poem that they love. Join our community! Join us on this incredible journey! Volunteers can share tips and stories on our online forum and meet like-minded people at the online events. Enrich your week. Taking time out of your day to read with a child can support your own well-being as you enjoy a new experience. Together, we can create a world where every child has the opportunity to succeed both in school and beyond. 1．What is the impact of the reading program on children’s future? A．Enhancing their future career in literature. B．Guaranteeing academic success in higher education. C．Developing children’s preference for online learning. D．Creating a foundation for learning and future success. 2．Why are volunteers required to participate in at least three programs yearly? A．To ensure stable support for children. B．To enhance volunteer experience. C．To meet educational guidelines. D．To reduce administrative tasks. 3．Who are most likely to be potential applicants? A．People hoping to improve reading skills. B．People preferring one-to-one interactions. C．People having a heart for helping others. D．People needing support from communities. 4．What is the primary objective of the reading program? A．Boosting children’s literacy and passion for reading. B．Enhancing children’s overall academic performance. C．Providing a platform for online social interactions. D．Training children to become professional writers. 5．What can be expected to gain from the experience of reading with a child? A．Improvement in professional skills. B．Joy in assisting a child’s growth. C．Free books and comics. D．Financial rewards. Passage 3 （23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习） Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels. Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知) between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal. In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object. Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians. The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult — estimating the line’s length relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also — estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences. In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely’ to choose the green one. Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills. 1．According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to ___. A．more emphasize independent thinking B．always focus more on their surroundings C．think of Westerners as highly independent individuals D．focus more on the context as well as the object 2．We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when ___. A．the task is much easier B．the blood flow is tracked C．the task is more difficult D．people begin to choose colors 3．What do the findings of the experiment mentioned in the 4th paragraph indicate? A．They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave. B．They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world. C．They suggest that people’s habits of thought and-perception can be changed in different cultures. D．They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things. 4．It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A．Easterners prefer collectivism to individualism B．East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independence C．It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpower D．Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in Britain 5．Which of the following will be the best title of the passage? A．Chinese culture: why it has an advantage over Western culture? B．Western culture and Chinese culture: which will be more suitable for us? C．Western culture and Chinese culture: why we should learn from both? D．Western culture vs. Chinese culture Passage 4 （2024·天津·模拟预测） According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally. Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken. Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators. Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival. Climate change also changes the timing and availability of lowering plants, leading to mismatches between pollinators and their food sources. A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination. Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators. As temperatures rise, the sugar content of nectar decreases, making it less nutritious for pollinators. This leads to a decline in the health and reproductive success of pollinators, as well as a decline in the pollination of plants. Needless to say, cutting global emissions (排放量) is key. It’s essential that we continue to advocate for emission reductions. From country-level to individual businesses, more concrete roadmaps to net zero are a must. We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole. 1．What does paragraph 1 try to show? A．The influence of crop crises. B．The importance of pollinators. C．The serious challenges faced by humans. D．The increasing difficulty of crop production. 2．How does the author sound in paragraph 2? A．Curious. B．Suspicious. C．Humorous. D．Anxious. 3．What do paragraphs 3 — 4 mainly talk about? A．Why chemical pesticides are harmful to pollinators. B．Causes of the decline in pollinator populations. C．The importance of pollinators to the ecosystem. D．How climate change has affected pollinators. 4．What have the two studies found? A．Climate change greatly affects pollination. B．Pollution seriously threatens pollinators survival. C．Global warming contributes to the loss of pollinators’ habitats. D．Improper farming practices cause some pollinators to disappear. 5．What is a suggestion for helping pollinators? A．Starting keeping bees. B．Reducing pesticide use. C．Increasing the amount of nectar. D．Building more habitats for pollinators. Passage 5 （2024·天津·二模） The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom (末日预言家). In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest). The new era the agency imagined wasn’t necessarily one of hotter temperatures; the CIA had heard from scientists warning of global cooling as well as warming. But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war. “The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine. Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention. As the effects of climate change started to spread to other parts of the world, the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US. 1．The climatological research by CIA showed that ______. A．global cooling had more evidence than warming B．political impact was more unpredictable than climate C．climate change could cause conflicts between countries D．historical ice age had an impact on future weather 2．Why did the world ignore climate change warnings in the 1960s? A．Because climatologists lacked equipment for observation. B．Because crop failures attracted the world’s attention. C．Because climate change was a national secret e of Soviet Union. D．Because the world was busy developing economy and technology. 3．How did the world respond to the suffering of the first victims of climate change? A．The US provided them with grain to reduce hunger. B．The rich countries failed to notice their struggle. C．The world praised their courage in the face of weird weather. D．The African people migrated to the area near Sahara. 4．Throughout 1960s and the 1970s, climate warnings were ______. A．unclear and confusing B．widespread and neglected C．rare and disastrous D．frequent and insignificant 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To inform people of the ignored signs of climate changes. B．To call on people to protect the environment. C．To explain why climate changes have effects on politics. D．To tell people how to prevent weird weather. Passage 6 （2024·天津·二模） The original Blade Runner film took place in an imagined Los Angeles 2019, a futuristic city where acid rain fell from skies crowded with "skimmers": flying cars that zipped along aerial highways. Since the film's 1982 debut, technology has advanced in ways that Hollywood might never have predicted. In fact, flying cars are real — and they could shape how we commute, work and live over the coming decades. Advances in battery energy density, materials science and computer simulation have spurred the development of a range of personal flying vehicles. While these aircraft may not look exactly like Blade Runner's imaginings, they are also not all that far off either. Far smaller than a commercial plane, most are designed with rotors (螺旋桨) instead of wings, which allow for vertical takeoffs and landings. Most importantly, these vehicles are designed to offer faster commutes than traditional modes of transit for individuals, especially in cities with heavy traffic. At the moment, the autonomous urban aircraft market is still a bit of a Wild West. Dozens of start-up companies are competing to develop commercial jetpacks, flying motorbikes and personal air taxis. Meanwhile, aviation (航空) authorities are currently hashing out the policies and safety standards that will govern this new realm of transport. Germany-based Volocopter, for instance, has marketed its VoloCity craft as the first commercially licensed electrically powered air taxi, a vehicle which will eventually be able to run without a pilot.“It's like an Uber Black or any other premium service,” says Fabien Nestmann, vice president of public affairs at Volocopter. With a few key differences, that is. Initially, the VoloCity will only have room for a single passenger. That will mean a higher cost per ride at first. But eventually, says Nestmann, the company's goal is to make the cost competitive with, say, an Uber Black. “We don't want this to be a toy for the wealthy, but rather part of a well-integrated journey for anyone in an urban area," he says." Everyone should have the option to walk, be driven, cycle or fly." Increasing numbers of flying cars will naturally give rise to a changing layout in the way our cities are structured as cities grow taller, rooftop landings expand and air highways connect super sky-scrapers, freeing up space below. Fewer cars on the ground will reduce congestion (交通拥堵) and may give rise to parks and green spaces. “In the long run — 2045 and onward — businesses and green spaces will become much more integrated.” says Kopardekar. “While we may not ever eliminate metros and roads, we might be able to reduce their footprint with these machines.” 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The advantage and disadvantage of flying cars. B．The features of today's real flying cars. C．The prospect of flying cars in crowded cities. D．The differences between flying cars in real life and the film. 2．The underlined phrase in paragraph 4 could most probably be replaced by ”. A．a terrible mess B．a big challenge C．something in rapid growth D．something in the early stages 3．How does the passage suggest flying cars will impact urban areas in the future? A．They will increase traffic congestion and reducc grcen spaces. B．They will lead to more integrated businesses and green spaces. C．They will require the expansion of roads and metros in cities. D．They will eliminate the need for traditional modes of transit. 4．Which of the following statements about the VoloCity is true? A．Its design was inspired by the flying cars in the film Blade Runner. B．It is designed with wings, allowing for easy takeoffs and landings. C．It will become ultimately driverless, making it fully autonomous. D．It can accommodate multiple passengers with competitive pricing. 5．It is implied in the passage that ________. A．Blade Rmer's flying cars will eventually replace all other vehicles B．It will be hard for aviation authorities to regulate autonomous aircraft C．Volocopter is the first company to develop electric air taxis D．The widespread use of flying cars will lead to changes in city design Passage 7 （2024·天津河北·模拟预测） Keeping dogs becomes more and more popular in people’s life. Dogs can offer companionship. They’re good listeners and help people banish (消除) loneliness. They can bring people comfort and pleasure. Besides, dogs require daily walks, which means that their owners, too, experience fresh air and exercise on a daily basis. As a result, people get physical and mental health benefits of owning a dog. However, dogs may carry diseases that can make you sick. When you have a dog, it is important for you to keep in mind that you should often wash your hands-especially after you touch, feed, or clean it up. It is the best way to keep yourself healthy and prevent the spread of diseases. Be sure to clean your fingernails carefully every time you wash your hands. Always remember to wear gloves while cleaning the cages. Avoid washing your dog in the bathtub (浴缸) , but if you do, disinfect (消毒) it immediately afterwards. It’s necessary to take your dog to the hospital for regular examinations. Whenever it is sick or injured, you should have it treated in the hospital at once. You can also do a few other things to keep yourself and your dog healthy. Only give your dog food that has been planned ahead for it. It’s not a good idea to share your food with your dog. Human food (like chocolate) can make animals sick. Never feed your dog raw (生的) meat because it carries germs (细菌) that may cause serious illnesses. Don't let your dog drink from the toilet. It's bad for its health! Give your dog clean water to drink all the time. Never give milk to your dog. The only milk an animal should drink is from its mother. Cow’s milk is not for dogs, as it makes them sick. Finally, don’t take a wild or abandoned (被遗弃的) dog to your house without physical examination because it may have diseases that could make you or your family sick. Instead, turn to an animal rescue group that is trained in helping sick or abandoned animals. 1．The first paragraph mainly tells us that dogs ________. A．carry diseases B．need daily walks C．do harm to people’s health D．bring people health benefits 2．To keep healthy, the author may be against ________. A．washing your dog in the bathtub B．taking your dog for examinations regularly C．wearing gloves when cleaning your dog’s cage D．washing your fingernails after touching your dog 3．Which is the RIGHT way to feed your dog? A．Feeding your little dog with raw meat. B．Sharing your chocolate with your dog. C．Letting your dog drink from the toilet. D．Giving your dog the food just cooked for it. 4．According to the passage, when you meet an abandoned dog, you should ________. A．help to find its owner B．give it first aid in time C．call an animal rescue group D．bring it back to your home 5．In which part of the magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Tradition and Culture. B．Health and Lifestyle. C．Nature and Environment. D．Technology and Art. Passage 8 （2024·天津河西·三模） For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. Now The Handbook of Good English, a comprehensive, easy-to-use guide to modern grammar, punctuation, usage, and style, puts the best available advice about writing and using the English language at your fingertips. Intended to replace Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style and a host of other desk-reference books on careful writing, The Handbook of Good English is organized for both rapid reference to check specific points and for leisurely study to improve personal and professional writing. This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D．Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing. A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index (词汇表/索引), arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication. “The Handbook of Good English fills a real need for a basic and strict handbook of standard English grammar, punctuation rules and conventions of editorial styling. Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine. 1．What does the author think of classroom English language teaching? A．Engaging. B．Time-consuming. C．Creative. D．Ineffective. 2．What is the purpose of The Handbook of Good English? A．To list English words commonly used in daily conversations. B．To provide advice on proper English communication. C．To further develop the idea in The Elements of Style. D．To highlight the importance of grammar learning. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Johnson’s book? A．Its diverse content. B．Its unique organization. C．Its publishing process. D．Its target readers. 4．Why is The Handbook of Good English special according to Paragraph 4? A．It has multiple glossaries for different users. B．It has extensive references for further reading. C．It has a section devoted to readers’ frequent confusions. D．It adopts a conversational approach to explaining grammar. 5．What can the comment from Booklist be regarded as? A．Effective means of learning standard English. B．A further recommendation for Johnson’s book. C．An expectation of Johnson’s creation. D．An introduction to the history of English grammar. Passage 9 （2024·天津河西·三模） What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject. But there was a specific angle to this latest study done by Oxford Brookes University researchers, which compared the collective experience of choral singing to that of taking part in team sports. Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that. In fact, I take no issue with any of these piles of research. The only thing I find annoying is that such an endlessly repeated truth results in relatively little action from the kind of people who could put it to good use. Not least, in government. From time to time I get invited as a music critic to the launch of some program to encourage more collective singing among school-age children. Expert s like Howard Goodall usually turn up. Then, six months later, everything goes quiet. The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep — perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble. I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts. Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it. 1．What does the underlined part “take no issue with” in Paragraph 2mean? A．Feel confused about. B．Make no comment on. C．Get unfamiliar with. D．Have no objection to. 2．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Most children think little of singing. B．Most children prefer singing to doing sports. C．Most schools attach little importance to singing. D．Most schools don’t have the money or the time to form a choir. 3．What was Golda’s problem? A．She couldn’t find a choir to join. B．She failed to win local schools’ support. C．Howard Goodall turned down her invitation. D．The government was unwilling to provide resources. 4．Which word best describes the impact of the 11-year-old experience on the author? A．Eye-opening. B．Identity-awakening. C．Soul-comforting. D．Character-shifting. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To review the latest study on singing. B．To advocate choir singing for children. C．To recommend musical works for the young. D．To compare the benefits of recreational activities. Passage 10 （2024·天津和平·二模） Every bookstore in Beijing used to have a massive fiction room piled to the ceiling with great books. These days, you’re as likely as not to find that those rooms have been shrunk down to the size of a solitary (单独的) table thickly covered with the latest releases and best-selling novels. This, however, begs the question: Is fiction dying out, or is print media finally succumbing to (屈服于) its electronic and audio copy rivals (对手)? Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to traditional reading. I doubt it, however. This downward reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When Jeff Bezos first launched Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It doesn’t matter how good or bad the product is.” But I don’t think reading itself is dying. It is merely becoming more functional — in other words, something you have to do in order to get some tangible (实际的) benefit. Gone are the days when people just read for fun. Why lumber (迫使担负) through a musty old book when you can watch an action movie or play a video game? Of course, people know that these are poor substitutes (替代品) for a good book. In fact, there is nothing better than getting lost in a great book. I remember reading Shackleton, the British polar explorer, when I was a boy. After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too, had just been to the South Pole and back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which must have been infectious, as soon afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun. Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround yourself with. We can learn from them and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other people living in other times can get transmitted to us down through the pages of a good book. In the age of fragmented (碎片化的) information, the winners will be those who can stay focused. However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. How exactly you do so is up to you. 1．The author mentioned Kindle in the text to _______. A．praise its convenience and popularity in reading B．explore the reason for the decline of print media C．highlight the decreasing trend of traditional reading D．show our regret for its departure from China’s market 2．Which of the following statements is true about Shackleton according to the passage? A．He is famous for imaginary writing. B．He finds nothing better than an old book. C．He visited the South Pole many times himself. D．His adventure story influenced the author a lot. 3．We can benefit a lot from reading according to the author except that _______. A．we can be influenced by positive ideas B．we’d surround ourselves with good friends C．we can learn from other people’s experiences D．we can develop good habits and ways of thinking 4．The author probably agrees that _______. A．great books are more popular than action movies B．we should avoid being distracted by modern technology C．reading great books can help us stay focused D．traditional reading will eventually disappear 5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to find a better substitutes for books like Kindle. B．We should read more in order to escape from reality. C．We need to face the reality that reading is becoming less popular. D．We have to accept the fact that Kindle is leaving China. 6．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the future trend of reading. B．To advocate the benefits of reading. C．To analyze the reasons for the decline of reading. D．To compare different forms of reading. 2 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 抢分秘籍 阅读理解（不丢分的技巧） 目录 【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测........................................................................................01 【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图............................................................................................................01 【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略........................................................................................................02 【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点............................................................................................................02 【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）............................................................11 概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆ 题型预测 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题 考向预测 体裁：应用文1篇、 记叙文1篇、 说明文1-2篇、 议论文0-1篇 细节理解题10-13题、推理判断题4-6题、主旨大意题1-2题、词义猜测题0-1题 秘籍：高考阅读理解要弄清文体类型，把握文体结构和写作特征，快速、准确地把握作者的写作思路、理解作者的写作意图。高考阅读文体类型有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。记叙文又可细分为小说、新闻报道、人物传记等。 具体体裁结构如下： 应用文：如书信、广告、日记等。文中具体细节题较多，阅读时应当采取先题后文法。以提高答题速度和精准度。 记叙文：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要体现记叙文六要素。其主题往往隐藏在字里行间或结尾点题。阅读记叙文应当采取略读和扫读的方法，从整体上快速抓住文章描写的主要内容，把握作者的写作意图和情感线索。 说明文：英语说明文通常介绍最新科技发明、重大成就、流行现象等。总体结构通常分为三部分，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。阅读时，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，即被说明对象的实质性特征。 议论文：英语议论文由“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。借助某一现象引出论点，通过论据从各个层面加以推理论证，最后得出结论。应当把握每一段的主题句。 易错点一：细节理解题 秘籍：细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。 具体步骤如下： 第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。 第二步：采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。 第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。 （2024·天津卷第一次） Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. …… 1. Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 破解：第一步：审读题干，画出关键词recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club。第二步：由第二段中 “She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start..(她说一位著名的教授要给这位诗人做讲座，而这首诗的演讲将是一个新的开始)”可知，老师谢瓦利埃小姐希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场。第三步：核对选项，同义词替换start对应warm up。故选D。 变式：（2023·天津卷第二次） …… Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 4. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 破解： 由文章第最后一段第一句"l began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。)可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 易错点二：推理判断题 1. 秘籍：推理判断题需要采用深度阅读法，采用文题结合的阅读方式，理解文章中隐含的意思和逻辑关系，从而得出正确的推断。 具体解题步骤如下： 第一步：采用文题结合法，阅读文章主旨段落，以便把握作者写作意图和方向。 第二步：审读题干，提取关键词，定位到原文相关句子，再精准翻译。注意长难句的结构划分，长难句中常会设置题目。 第三步：注意细节和逻辑关系，核对选项，得出正确答案。 （2024·天津卷第一次） …… Why did scientists miss this? One probable reason is that most climate models assume that the melting of permafrost is driven only by warming air. New evidence suggests, however, that rainfall — particularly increasing autumn rain — is now contributing significantly to permafrost loss. The rainfall carries heat into the ground. Yet none of the existing models includes such processes. That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world. 5. What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．Direct observation is a must for scientific research. B．Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities. C．New evidence should be found to back up research findings. D．Scientific predictions should be mostly based on research models. 破解：根据最后一段 “That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world. (这是一个很好的例子--说明为什么不管我们的例子有多复杂，或者有-天可能会复杂--我们都需要直接观察自然世界。)”可知，文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析让我们学到了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。故选A。 变式1：（2023·天津卷第二次） Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be. The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through. …… 5. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. 破解：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. (然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。)”可知，新研究表明，都能够读懂人类的行为，且喜欢那些更友好或者对食物更慷慨的人，进而在下文中的对该项研究过程进行阐述，由此可知，狗在“不愿意”和“无能为力”情况下的不同反应说明了狗能分辨"友善”和“刻薄”。故选A项。 变式2：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 4. Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 破解：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. (但是，为什么不试着打破这些习惯，为了改变而故意做一些“错误”的事情，看看你的大胆之举会把你带向何方?如果你正在绘画，同时，你可以放下你通常对你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品)”可推知，作者可能会鼓励你在绘画时尝试非常规的色彩。故选D。 易错点三： 主旨大意题 秘籍：主旨大意题中的标题归纳题属于文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题具有一定的特征，如以短语或祈使句形式出现，醒目鲜明。 段落大意题解题时重点关注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有时会和段落结尾句首尾呼应。 文章大意题解答时应当重点关注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往会点明文章的主要内容和线索，有时在各个段落的主旨句中也可以提炼文章的大意。 正确选项特征 干扰选项特征 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段 过于笼统，不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小 以偏概全，主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 移花接木，偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 无中生有，生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系 （2024·天津卷第一次） Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. ...... 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 破解：主旨大意题。根据第一段"Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know.(研究有时会用数据证明我们或多或少已经知道的事情。)”和“Stil, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surpriseresearchers, along with therest ofus.(尽管如此，有时我们的假设是不正确的，科学发现让研究人员和我们其他人感到惊讶。)”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。 变式1：（2024·天津卷第一次） Staring at the bookcases in my study, packed with so many great books that had remained unread, I heard a loud voice in my head — “Shame on you! How can you leave these masterpieces unread?” The first book I picked up was Montaigne's Essays. To my surprise I discovered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my own faded hand-writing. So I was actually reading it again, but what I was rereading seemed entirely new. I also found sentences underlined. Only this time I wondered: Why did I underline this sentence? It's the next one that is important! ...... All of these ways of reading are valuable. Renewed contact with a novel or a poem can activate the search for a better knowledge of the self. The new reading, a form of revision, uncovers the change in us. The newness is not in the text. It is we who have evolved. In the process of rereading, our outlook has also been significantly changed. Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light. 5. What could be the best title for the passage? A．Accessing Masterpieces through Rereading B．Rereading: Voluntary or Involuntary? C．Rereading: Pursuit of Truth D．Transformative Power of Rereading 破解：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段 “Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light. (重新阅读使我们能够以新的眼光看待周围的世界，包括我们自己。)” 和前文对重新阅读的介绍可知，文章主要论述了重新阅读的重要意义，即再读具有提升读者对作品、自我及世界认知的力量，故D项"Transformative Power of Rereading(重新阅渎的变革力量)” 符合文章标题，故选D。 变式2：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 5. What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. 破解：主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段 "Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which,ironically, saved mefrom going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls.(具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed together,often, but from thestories we’ ve shared about ourselves, l know '’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges, Holding hands in thetreezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and wil do so through this one.(我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段"it won’t fix everything in our lives-but for some reason, it helps, At the end of each session l return home feelingstronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, !'’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。 易错点四： 词义猜测题 秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。 （2024·天津卷第一次） ...... Another issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive to wasted effort. Studies have shown that it calculates the effort required for actions and tends to stop us from squandering vital resources on fruitless efforts, like walking over 30 km for a handful of berries. ...... 2. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 3? A．Conserving. B．Mixing. C．Misusing. D．Sharing. 破解：根据画线词的上文 “Another issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive to wasted effort. Studies have shown that it calculates the effort required for actions (另一个问题是，人类的大脑对浪费精力非常敏感。研究表明，它可以计算出行动所需的努力)”可知，人脑对无谓的努力很抵触。由此可知，此处指“它会阻止我们将重要资源浪费在无效的努力上”，画线词意思应该是“浪费，滥用”，与Misusing意思相近。故选C项。 变式1：（2023·天津卷第一次） ...... Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. ...... 1. What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 破解：划线短语上文 “Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. (神经美学是一个相对年轻的研究领域，研究的是当我们进行审美评估时大脑会发生什么。研究人员使用脑成像技术来观察当我们看到我们认为美丽的画作时，大脑的哪些区域会发光。)”提出当进行审美评估，看到时美丽的画作时，我们大脑的一些区域会“发光”。划线词所在句 “Similar research has been done to understand the"neuronalfireworks" that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc!类似的研究已经完成，以了解当我们看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时发生的“神经元烟花”。)”提出类似研究发现，人们在看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时会产生"neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”。文中将两种情况进行了类比，由此推知，“neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”与上文中的"大脑的一些区域会'发光’”是同一个意思，即指上文中的“Thelighting-up of specific brain areas.”。故选B。 变式2：（2025·天津十二区重点校·一模） ...... To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing (内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress. ...... 4. What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．behaved B．complained C．objected D．evaluated 破解：词义猜测题。根据第五段 "They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing(内在化的)problems in the qroup that had experienced the stress.(他们发现，经历过压力的那一组中，焦虑、抑郁和内化问题的症状更严重,)”可知，他们还评估了配对者报告的心理健康结果，结果发现经历过压力的那一组中，焦虑、抑郁和内化问题的症状更严重，所以appraised意思是“评估”。故选D。 Passage 1 （2024·天津河北·模拟预测） In 1971, a young man who grew up very poor was traveling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. Along the way he had completely run out of money and was forced to spend the night in his car. This continued until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked nervously into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast. After eating his first good meal in weeks, he lied to the waiter, telling him he had lost his wallet. The waiter, who was also the owner, walked behind the chair where the young man had been sitting. He bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have dropped this.” . The young man couldn’t believe his luck! He quickly paid for the breakfast, left a tip, bought gas with the change, and headed West. On the way out of town, he began to understand what that fellow did. Maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didn’t embarrass me. So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.” Later, he worked very hard and became a rich man. Now, he lives near Kansas City. Each year he gives away thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in Kansas City. 1．The young man was traveling across the country in 1971 probably to _________. A．start a new life B．hand out gifts to passers-by C．look for a good restaurant D．show his new car to others 2．The underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to ________. A．a wallet B．his luck C．the $20 bill D．his tip 3．On the way out of town, the young man got to know that ________. A．it was very honest of the owner to return his money B．another man who had breakfast in the restaurant lost the money C．he could probably find himself a job in the restaurant D．the owner helped him in a way that didn’t hurt his feelings 4．We can infer from this passage that ________. A．the man raised money for the poor B．the man did keep his promise C．Santa gives the man money each year D．the man was not successful in the end 5．The best title for this passage may be ________. A．Secret Santa of Kansas City B．The Key to Success C．Loose Lips Sink Ships D．Never Give Up 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个年轻时因贫穷而四处奔波的男子，在困境中受到陌生人善意帮助的故事。受到启发后，他承诺将来帮助他人。多年后他成为富翁，每年圣诞节都在街上和餐馆向需要帮助的人发放钱款，被称为“秘密圣诞老人”。 1．细节理解题。根据第段中“In 1971, a young man who grew up very poor was traveling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself.(1971年，一个出身贫寒的年轻人走遍全国各地，试图为自己开创一个新的开始)”可知，年轻人走遍全国各地是为了开始新的生活。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和划线词所在句“He bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have dropped this.”.(他弯下腰，拿出一张20美元的钞票，看起来像是掉在地上的，他说：“孩子，这一定是你掉的。”)”可推知，指示代词this指代上文中是“a $20 bill”。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On the way out of town, he began to understand what that fellow did. Maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didn’t embarrass me. So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.”(在出城的路上，他开始明白那个家伙做了什么。也许根本没人把钱掉在地上。“也许那个人只是知道我有麻烦，他用一种不让我难堪的方式帮助了我。所以我保证，如果可以的话，我会帮助其他人。”)”可知，在出城的路上，年轻人知道店主一种不伤害他感情的方式帮助了他。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.(所以我发誓，如果可以的话，我会帮助别人)”和第四段中“Now, he lives near Kansas City. Each year he gives away thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in Kansas City.(现在，他住在堪萨斯城附近。每年他都会捐出数千美元。他被称为“神秘圣诞老人”，因为在每年的圣诞节，他亲自把钱分发给街上和餐馆里的人。去年，他在堪萨斯城捐出了5万多美元)”可推知，这个人遵守了他的诺言，成功后开始帮助别人。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“Now, he lives near Kansas City. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants.(现在，他住在堪萨斯城附近。他被称为“神秘圣诞老人”，因为在每年的圣诞节，他亲自把钱分发给街上和餐馆里的人)”可知，文章讲述了一个年轻时因贫穷而四处奔波的男子，在困境中受到陌生人善意帮助，多年后他成为富翁，每年圣诞节都在街上和餐馆向需要帮助的人发放钱款，被称为堪萨斯城的“秘密圣诞老人”。由此推知，“Secret Santa of Kansas City(堪萨斯城的神秘圣诞老人)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2024·天津河北·一模） We are seeking volunteers to join our program and make a difference in the lives of young children by sharing the joy of reading. As we know, in the field of education, the ability to read fluently and comprehend written text holds the key to unlocking a world of knowledge and opportunities. For children between the ages of 5 and 10, this skill is particularly crucial, as it forms the foundation for their academic and personal growth. An Hour a Week from You You’ll spend one hour a week reading stories with a child aged 5 to 10 years, on our secure online platform. The program involves two 30-minute sessions a week with the same child, spanning six weeks. Our online volunteering can fit around your schedule and there’s no need to travel. We ask all our volunteers to complete at least three programs a year, so we can continue to support as many children as possible. A World of Opportunity for Them With just one hour of your time each week, you can make a profound difference in a child’s life, nurturing their love for reading and fostering (促进) their ability to navigate the vast ocean of written communication. In essence, you help young readers make progress and open up a world of opportunity for their future. Remember: YOUR TIME, THEIR FUTURE As a bookmark volunteer, you’ll: **help children gain the reading skills they need to progress at school and in life. **help boost a child’s confidence by giving them one-to-one attention. **show that learning to read can be fun! It’s amazing when you introduce a young reader to a book, comic, or poem that they love. Join our community! Join us on this incredible journey! Volunteers can share tips and stories on our online forum and meet like-minded people at the online events. Enrich your week. Taking time out of your day to read with a child can support your own well-being as you enjoy a new experience. Together, we can create a world where every child has the opportunity to succeed both in school and beyond. 1．What is the impact of the reading program on children’s future? A．Enhancing their future career in literature. B．Guaranteeing academic success in higher education. C．Developing children’s preference for online learning. D．Creating a foundation for learning and future success. 2．Why are volunteers required to participate in at least three programs yearly? A．To ensure stable support for children. B．To enhance volunteer experience. C．To meet educational guidelines. D．To reduce administrative tasks. 3．Who are most likely to be potential applicants? A．People hoping to improve reading skills. B．People preferring one-to-one interactions. C．People having a heart for helping others. D．People needing support from communities. 4．What is the primary objective of the reading program? A．Boosting children’s literacy and passion for reading. B．Enhancing children’s overall academic performance. C．Providing a platform for online social interactions. D．Training children to become professional writers. 5．What can be expected to gain from the experience of reading with a child? A．Improvement in professional skills. B．Joy in assisting a child’s growth. C．Free books and comics. D．Financial rewards. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读志愿者项目及志愿者的责任和意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As we know, in the field of education, the ability to read fluently and comprehend written text holds the key to unlocking a world of knowledge and opportunities. For children between the ages of 5 and 10, this skill is particularly crucial, as it forms the foundation for their academic and personal growth. (正如我们所知，在教育领域，流利阅读和理解书面文本的能力是打开知识和机会世界的钥匙。对于5到10岁的孩子来说，这项技能尤为重要，因为它是他们学业和个人成长的基础。)”根据第三段“In essence, you help young readers make progress and open up a world of opportunity for their future.”（从本质上讲，你帮助年轻读者取得进步，为他们的未来打开一个充满机会的世界）可知阅读计划对孩子的影响是为学习和未来的成功打下基础，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“We ask all our volunteers to complete at least three programs a year, so we can continue to support as many children as possible. (我们要求所有志愿者每年至少完成三个项目，这样我们就可以继续支持尽可能多的孩子。)”可知要求志愿者每年至少参加三个项目来确保对儿童的稳定支持，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据Remember: YOUR TIME, THEIR FUTURE下的“**help boost a child’s confidence by giving them one-to-one attention. (**给予孩子一对一的关注有助于增强他们的信心。)”可知最有可能成为潜在申请人的应该是有一颗帮助他人的心的人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“With just one hour of your time each week, you can make a profound difference in a child’s life, nurturing their love for reading and fostering (促进) their ability to navigate the vast ocean of written communication. In essence, you help young readers make progress and open up a world of opportunity for their future. (每周只花一个小时，你就能给孩子的生活带来深远的影响，培养他们对阅读的热爱，培养他们在浩瀚的书面交流海洋中航行的能力。从本质上讲，你帮助年轻读者取得进步，为他们的未来打开一个充满机会的世界。)”可知阅读计划的主要目的是提高儿童的读写能力和阅读热情，故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Taking time out of your day to read with a child can support your own well-being as you enjoy a new experience. (从你的一天中抽出时间和孩子一起阅读，当你享受一种新的体验时，可以支持你自己的快乐。)”可知和孩子一起读书能得到帮助孩子成长的乐趣，故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习） Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels. Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知) between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal. In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object. Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians. The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult — estimating the line’s length relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also — estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences. In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely’ to choose the green one. Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills. 1．According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to ___. A．more emphasize independent thinking B．always focus more on their surroundings C．think of Westerners as highly independent individuals D．focus more on the context as well as the object 2．We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when ___. A．the task is much easier B．the blood flow is tracked C．the task is more difficult D．people begin to choose colors 3．What do the findings of the experiment mentioned in the 4th paragraph indicate? A．They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave. B．They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world. C．They suggest that people’s habits of thought and-perception can be changed in different cultures. D．They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things. 4．It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A．Easterners prefer collectivism to individualism B．East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independence C．It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpower D．Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in Britain 5．Which of the following will be the best title of the passage? A．Chinese culture: why it has an advantage over Western culture? B．Western culture and Chinese culture: which will be more suitable for us? C．Western culture and Chinese culture: why we should learn from both? D．Western culture vs. Chinese culture 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项对于东西方人的认知方面的不同的研究，得出结论：西方人认为自己是独立的，东方人认为人们是相互依存的关系，文化差异导致东西方人认知的差异，但是心理学家也发现这是可以改变的。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.(当东方人看一个场景时，他们倾向于关注周围的环境以及目标)”可知，当东方人看到一个场景，他们倾向于关注周围的环境以及目标。中国属于东亚，故中国人最可能关注周围的环境以及目标。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult — estimating the line’s length relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also — estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square.(对于美国人来说，当他们完成更难的任务——估计直线相对于正方形的大小——时，与注意力相关的区域更加活跃。对于亚洲人来说，在更困难的任务中——估计线的长度而不将其与正方形进行比较——注意力区域也更加活跃)”可知，美国人和亚洲人在面对更加困难的任务时，脑部与注意力有关的区域的活动性增强了，变得更加活跃了。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.(这些发现反映了十多年来对东西方差异的实验研究)”可知，第四段提到的研究发现表明东方人和西方人对世界的感知是不同的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的第一句“In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals.(在西方国家，文化使人们认为自己是高度独立的个体)”和第三句“East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence.(然而，东亚文化强调相互依赖)”可知，东方人更喜欢集体主义而不是个人主义。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知) between Westerners and Asians(研究人员在脑部扫描的帮助下，发现了西方人和亚洲人在感知上的惊人差异)”和最后一段中“Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.(这样的研究为我们提供了大脑如何工作的线索，并为我们开发改善记忆、记忆技巧、增强和加速学习技能的程序带来了希望)”可知，文章介绍了一项对于东西方人的认知方面的不同的研究，得出结论：西方人认为自己是独立的，东方人认为人们是相互依存的关系，文化差异导致东西方人认知的差异，但是心理学家也发现这是可以改变的。C项“西方文化和中国文化：为什么我们应该学习两者？”为最佳标题，故选C。 Passage 4 （2024·天津·模拟预测） According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally. Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken. Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators. Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival. Climate change also changes the timing and availability of lowering plants, leading to mismatches between pollinators and their food sources. A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination. Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators. As temperatures rise, the sugar content of nectar decreases, making it less nutritious for pollinators. This leads to a decline in the health and reproductive success of pollinators, as well as a decline in the pollination of plants. Needless to say, cutting global emissions (排放量) is key. It’s essential that we continue to advocate for emission reductions. From country-level to individual businesses, more concrete roadmaps to net zero are a must. We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole. 1．What does paragraph 1 try to show? A．The influence of crop crises. B．The importance of pollinators. C．The serious challenges faced by humans. D．The increasing difficulty of crop production. 2．How does the author sound in paragraph 2? A．Curious. B．Suspicious. C．Humorous. D．Anxious. 3．What do paragraphs 3 — 4 mainly talk about? A．Why chemical pesticides are harmful to pollinators. B．Causes of the decline in pollinator populations. C．The importance of pollinators to the ecosystem. D．How climate change has affected pollinators. 4．What have the two studies found? A．Climate change greatly affects pollination. B．Pollution seriously threatens pollinators survival. C．Global warming contributes to the loss of pollinators’ habitats. D．Improper farming practices cause some pollinators to disappear. 5．What is a suggestion for helping pollinators? A．Starting keeping bees. B．Reducing pesticide use. C．Increasing the amount of nectar. D．Building more habitats for pollinators. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化和农药使用对传粉媒介（如蜜蜂和蝴蝶）数量的影响，以及这些影响如何威胁到全球的粮食供应和价格。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally.(据报道，世界上四分之三的作物依赖于蜜蜂和蝴蝶等授粉昆虫。通过授粉，传粉者使种子得以产生。没有它们，农作物种植就会变得极其困难或成本高昂，威胁到全球的粮食供应和价格)”可知，第一段想要展示的是传粉者的重要性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken.(研究表明，传粉者的数量正在迅速而持续地下降。自1991年以来，蝴蝶的平均数量几乎减少了一半，蜜蜂的数量尤其面临急剧下降。考虑到世界对这些昆虫的日益依赖，如果不采取行动，我们只能预计问题会恶化)”可知，作者对于传粉者减少这一趋势表示担忧。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators.(关于集约化耕作、化学农药的使用和污染如何威胁到这些有益昆虫的生存，已经写了很多文章。雪上加霜的是，全球变暖严重加剧了传粉者的迅速消失)”和第四段“Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival.(气候变化是传粉者面临的主要威胁，气温上升以及极端天气事件的频率和强度增加，影响了传粉者赖以生存的食物来源和栖息地)”可知，3-4段主要介绍了传粉者数量下降的原因。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination.(一项研究发现，气候变化使植物的开花时间提前，并导致某些植物向更高的地区迁移，导致授粉减少)”和第六段“Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators.(另一项研究发现，气候变化可能导致花蜜质量下降，而花蜜是许多传粉昆虫的主要食物来源)”可知，这两项研究发现了气候变化极大地影响了授粉。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole.(我们必须至少尽量减少农药的使用，因为这些化学品对传粉者有害，并可能对整个传粉过程产生深远的影响)”可知，帮助传粉者的建议包括减少农药的使用。故选B。 Passage 5 （2024·天津·二模） The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom (末日预言家). In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest). The new era the agency imagined wasn’t necessarily one of hotter temperatures; the CIA had heard from scientists warning of global cooling as well as warming. But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war. “The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine. Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention. As the effects of climate change started to spread to other parts of the world, the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US. 1．The climatological research by CIA showed that ______. A．global cooling had more evidence than warming B．political impact was more unpredictable than climate C．climate change could cause conflicts between countries D．historical ice age had an impact on future weather 2．Why did the world ignore climate change warnings in the 1960s? A．Because climatologists lacked equipment for observation. B．Because crop failures attracted the world’s attention. C．Because climate change was a national secret e of Soviet Union. D．Because the world was busy developing economy and technology. 3．How did the world respond to the suffering of the first victims of climate change? A．The US provided them with grain to reduce hunger. B．The rich countries failed to notice their struggle. C．The world praised their courage in the face of weird weather. D．The African people migrated to the area near Sahara. 4．Throughout 1960s and the 1970s, climate warnings were ______. A．unclear and confusing B．widespread and neglected C．rare and disastrous D．frequent and insignificant 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To inform people of the ignored signs of climate changes. B．To call on people to protect the environment. C．To explain why climate changes have effects on politics. D．To tell people how to prevent weird weather. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文回顾了20世纪60年代和70年代气候变化的早期迹象，以及中央情报局对气候变化可能引发政治动荡和大规模移民的警告，同时指出了当时世界对这些警告的忽视。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest).(1974年8月，中情局发表了一份关于‘与情报问题有关的气候学研究’的报告。诊断结果令人震惊。它警告说，一个怪异天气的新时代即将来临，这将导致政治动荡和大规模移民（反过来，这将导致更多的动荡）)”以及第三段中“But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war.(但是温度变化的方向并不是他们最关心的;这是政治影响。他们知道所谓的‘小冰河期’，即大约在1350年到1850年之间的一系列寒流，不仅带来了干旱和饥荒，还带来了战争。)”可知，CIA并没有特别强调全球变冷或变暖的证据，而是关注气候变化的政治影响；他们的研究表明气候变化造成的极端天气不仅带来干旱饥荒，还会导致政治动荡和大规模移民，这反过来将导致更多的动荡甚至战争；由此推知，气候变化可能导致政治动荡甚至国家间的冲突。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine.(但报告认为，随着全球人口的持续增长和国家在能源、技术和医学上进行大规模投资，世界忽视了这一警告。)”可知，世界在1960年代忽视气候变化警告是因为忙于经济发展和技术进步。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention.(与此同时，这种奇怪的天气还在继续，转移到了撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家。报告称，毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔和乍得的人民‘为气候变化的首批受害者’，但他们的苦难被其他斗争掩盖了，或者世界上较富裕的地区根本没有注意到这一点。)”可知，撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家成为气候变化的首批受害者，然而他们的苦难被其他斗争所掩盖或者被富裕地区所忽视；由此可知，富裕国家并没有注意到气候变化的第一批受害者在苦难中的挣扎。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中““The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning(‘气候变化始于1960年，’报告的第一页告诉我们，‘但包括气候学家在内，没有人认识到这一点。’20世纪60年代初，苏联和印度的农作物歉收被归咎于常见的倒霉天气。美国将粮食运往印度，苏联杀死牲畜食用。但是，报告认为，世界忽视了这一警告)”、第五段中“Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention.(与此同时，这种奇怪的天气还在继续，转移到了撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家。报告称，毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔和乍得的人民‘为气候变化的首批受害者’，但他们的苦难被其他斗争掩盖了，或者世界上较富裕的地区根本没有注意到这一点。)”以及最后一段中“the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US.(20世纪70年代初，缅甸、巴基斯坦、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、哥斯达黎加、洪都拉斯、日本、马尼拉、厄瓜多尔、苏联、中国、印度和美国都出现了干旱、作物歉收和洪水的报告。)”可知，在整个20世纪60年代和70年代，有关气候变化的警告被广泛传播，但被忽视。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom ( 末日预言家).(‘怪异天气’的影响早在20世纪60年代就已为人所知，但将化石燃料与气候变化联系起来的科学家却被视为末日预言家而不予考虑。)”以及第四段“The climate change began in 1960... but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.(气候变化始于1960年...但没有人，包括气候学家，认识到这一点。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在20世纪60年代和70年代，气候变化的警告已经出现，但是世界对此视而不见，忽视了这些警告的存在；由此可知，这篇文章的目的要告知人们被忽视的气候变化迹象。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2024·天津·二模） The original Blade Runner film took place in an imagined Los Angeles 2019, a futuristic city where acid rain fell from skies crowded with "skimmers": flying cars that zipped along aerial highways. Since the film's 1982 debut, technology has advanced in ways that Hollywood might never have predicted. In fact, flying cars are real — and they could shape how we commute, work and live over the coming decades. Advances in battery energy density, materials science and computer simulation have spurred the development of a range of personal flying vehicles. While these aircraft may not look exactly like Blade Runner's imaginings, they are also not all that far off either. Far smaller than a commercial plane, most are designed with rotors (螺旋桨) instead of wings, which allow for vertical takeoffs and landings. Most importantly, these vehicles are designed to offer faster commutes than traditional modes of transit for individuals, especially in cities with heavy traffic. At the moment, the autonomous urban aircraft market is still a bit of a Wild West. Dozens of start-up companies are competing to develop commercial jetpacks, flying motorbikes and personal air taxis. Meanwhile, aviation (航空) authorities are currently hashing out the policies and safety standards that will govern this new realm of transport. Germany-based Volocopter, for instance, has marketed its VoloCity craft as the first commercially licensed electrically powered air taxi, a vehicle which will eventually be able to run without a pilot.“It's like an Uber Black or any other premium service,” says Fabien Nestmann, vice president of public affairs at Volocopter. With a few key differences, that is. Initially, the VoloCity will only have room for a single passenger. That will mean a higher cost per ride at first. But eventually, says Nestmann, the company's goal is to make the cost competitive with, say, an Uber Black. “We don't want this to be a toy for the wealthy, but rather part of a well-integrated journey for anyone in an urban area," he says." Everyone should have the option to walk, be driven, cycle or fly." Increasing numbers of flying cars will naturally give rise to a changing layout in the way our cities are structured as cities grow taller, rooftop landings expand and air highways connect super sky-scrapers, freeing up space below. Fewer cars on the ground will reduce congestion (交通拥堵) and may give rise to parks and green spaces. “In the long run — 2045 and onward — businesses and green spaces will become much more integrated.” says Kopardekar. “While we may not ever eliminate metros and roads, we might be able to reduce their footprint with these machines.” 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The advantage and disadvantage of flying cars. B．The features of today's real flying cars. C．The prospect of flying cars in crowded cities. D．The differences between flying cars in real life and the film. 2．The underlined phrase in paragraph 4 could most probably be replaced by ”. A．a terrible mess B．a big challenge C．something in rapid growth D．something in the early stages 3．How does the passage suggest flying cars will impact urban areas in the future? A．They will increase traffic congestion and reducc grcen spaces. B．They will lead to more integrated businesses and green spaces. C．They will require the expansion of roads and metros in cities. D．They will eliminate the need for traditional modes of transit. 4．Which of the following statements about the VoloCity is true? A．Its design was inspired by the flying cars in the film Blade Runner. B．It is designed with wings, allowing for easy takeoffs and landings. C．It will become ultimately driverless, making it fully autonomous. D．It can accommodate multiple passengers with competitive pricing. 5．It is implied in the passage that ________. A．Blade Rmer's flying cars will eventually replace all other vehicles B．It will be hard for aviation authorities to regulate autonomous aircraft C．Volocopter is the first company to develop electric air taxis D．The widespread use of flying cars will lead to changes in city design 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了类似电影《银翼杀手》里的新型飞行汽车现状，以及将来的发展。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“While these aircraft may not look exactly like Blade Runner's imaginings, they are also not all that far off either. Far smaller than a commercial plane, most are designed with rotors (螺旋桨) instead of wings, which allow for vertical takeoffs and landings. Most importantly, these vehicles are designed to offer faster commutes than traditional modes of transit for individuals, especially in cities with heavy traffic. (虽然这些飞机看起来可能与《银翼杀手》的想象不完全一样，但它们也并不遥远。比商用飞机小得多，大多数都设计得有螺旋桨而不是允许垂直起飞和降落的机翼。最重要的是，这些飞机的设计目的是为个人提供比传统交通方式更快的通勤，尤其是在交通繁忙的城市。)”可知，这一段指出飞机新型飞机像电影里的飞机看齐，以更快捷的通勤为目的设计了一些螺旋桨等装置。故可推测这一段主要讲的是飞机的特征。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段后两句“Dozens of start-up companies are competing to develop commercial jetpacks, flying motorbikes and personal air taxis. Meanwhile, aviation (航空) authorities are currently hashing out the policies and safety standards that will govern this new realm of transport. (数十家初创公司正在竞相开发商用喷气背包、飞行摩托车和私人空中出租车。同时，航空当局目前正在制定管理这一新交通领域的政策和安全标准。)”可知，这类飞机的使用还是一个新交通领域，其政策标准、配套装置都有待进一步完善，故可推测它们还只是起步阶段的新东西。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段后两句“‘We don't want this to be a toy for the wealthy, but rather part of a well-integrated journey for anyone in an urban area,’ he says. ‘Everyone should have the option to walk, be driven, cycle or fly. ’ (他说：“我们不希望这成为富人的玩具，而是城市地区任何人完美融合之旅的一部分。每个人都应该可以选择步行、开车、骑自行车或坐飞机。”)”可知，新型飞机将使任何人都很好的融合进来。根据第六段第二句“Fewer cars on the ground will reduce congestion (交通拥堵) and may give rise to parks and green spaces. (地面上的汽车数量减少将减少交通拥堵并因此可能产生公园和绿地。)”可知，新型飞机的运用还能使绿地增加。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Germany-based Volocopter, for instance, has marketed its VoloCity craft as the first commercially licensed electrically powered air taxi, a vehicle which will eventually be able to run without a pilot. (例如，总部位于德国的Volocopter公司已将其VoloCity飞行器作为第一辆获得商业许可的电动空中出租车进行营销，这种车辆最终将能够在没有飞行员的情况下运行。)”可知，该公司的新型飞机最终将达到无人、全自动驾驶的程度。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第七段第一句“Increasing numbers of flying cars will naturally give rise to a changing layout in the way our cities are structured as cities grow taller, rooftop landings expand and air highways connect super sky-scrapers, freeing up space below. (飞行汽车的数量不断增加，自然会导致我们城市结构的布局发生变化，因为城市越来越高，屋顶平台不断扩大，空中高速公路连接着超级摩天大楼，从而腾出了下面的空间。)”可知，本文暗示着随着新型飞机-飞行汽车的普及，我们的城市结构设计会发生改变。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2024·天津河北·模拟预测） Keeping dogs becomes more and more popular in people’s life. Dogs can offer companionship. They’re good listeners and help people banish (消除) loneliness. They can bring people comfort and pleasure. Besides, dogs require daily walks, which means that their owners, too, experience fresh air and exercise on a daily basis. As a result, people get physical and mental health benefits of owning a dog. However, dogs may carry diseases that can make you sick. When you have a dog, it is important for you to keep in mind that you should often wash your hands-especially after you touch, feed, or clean it up. It is the best way to keep yourself healthy and prevent the spread of diseases. Be sure to clean your fingernails carefully every time you wash your hands. Always remember to wear gloves while cleaning the cages. Avoid washing your dog in the bathtub (浴缸) , but if you do, disinfect (消毒) it immediately afterwards. It’s necessary to take your dog to the hospital for regular examinations. Whenever it is sick or injured, you should have it treated in the hospital at once. You can also do a few other things to keep yourself and your dog healthy. Only give your dog food that has been planned ahead for it. It’s not a good idea to share your food with your dog. Human food (like chocolate) can make animals sick. Never feed your dog raw (生的) meat because it carries germs (细菌) that may cause serious illnesses. Don't let your dog drink from the toilet. It's bad for its health! Give your dog clean water to drink all the time. Never give milk to your dog. The only milk an animal should drink is from its mother. Cow’s milk is not for dogs, as it makes them sick. Finally, don’t take a wild or abandoned (被遗弃的) dog to your house without physical examination because it may have diseases that could make you or your family sick. Instead, turn to an animal rescue group that is trained in helping sick or abandoned animals. 1．The first paragraph mainly tells us that dogs ________. A．carry diseases B．need daily walks C．do harm to people’s health D．bring people health benefits 2．To keep healthy, the author may be against ________. A．washing your dog in the bathtub B．taking your dog for examinations regularly C．wearing gloves when cleaning your dog’s cage D．washing your fingernails after touching your dog 3．Which is the RIGHT way to feed your dog? A．Feeding your little dog with raw meat. B．Sharing your chocolate with your dog. C．Letting your dog drink from the toilet. D．Giving your dog the food just cooked for it. 4．According to the passage, when you meet an abandoned dog, you should ________. A．help to find its owner B．give it first aid in time C．call an animal rescue group D．bring it back to your home 5．In which part of the magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Tradition and Culture. B．Health and Lifestyle. C．Nature and Environment. D．Technology and Art. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了养狗的注意事项和如何保持自己与狗的健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Dogs can offer companionship. They’re good listeners and help people banish (消除) loneliness. They can bring people comfort and pleasure. Besides, dogs require daily walks, which means that their owners, too, experience fresh air and exercise on a daily basis. As a result, people get physical and mental health benefits of owning a dog.(狗可以提供陪伴。他们是很好的倾听者，帮助人们消除孤独。他们可以给人们带来舒适和快乐。此外，狗需要每天散步，这意味着它们的主人也每天都要呼吸新鲜空气和锻炼身体。因此，养狗对人们的身心健康都有好处)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们狗给人们的健康带来益处。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Avoid washing your dog in the bathtub (浴缸) , but if you do, disinfect (消毒) it immediately afterwards.(避免在浴缸里给你的狗洗澡，但如果你这样做，之后立即消毒)”可知，为了保持健康，作者可能会反对在浴缸里给狗洗澡。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Only give your dog food that has been planned ahead for it.(只给你的狗预先计划好的食物)”可知，喂狗的正确方法是给它吃为它准备的食物。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finally, don’t take a wild or abandoned (被遗弃的) dog to your house without physical examination because it may have diseases that could make you or your family sick. Instead, turn to an animal rescue group that is trained in helping sick or abandoned animals.(最后，不要在没有体检的情况下把野狗或被遗弃的狗带回家，因为它可能有疾病，会让你或你的家人生病。相反，你可以求助于受过训练的动物救援组织，帮助生病或被遗弃的动物)”可知，遇到一只被遗弃的狗时应该打电话给动物救援组织。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“However, dogs may carry diseases that can make you sick. When you have a dog, it is important for you to keep in mind that you should often wash your hands-especially after you touch, feed, or clean it up.(然而，狗可能携带会让你生病的疾病。当你有一只狗，重要的是你要记住，你应该经常洗手，尤其是在你触摸，喂食或清理它之后)”，第四段中“It’s necessary to take your dog to the hospital for regular examinations.(带你的狗去医院定期检查是必要的)”等内容可知，这篇文章讨论了养狗的好处，但也关注了保持你和你的狗健康的方法。它涵盖了洗手、清洁笼子、正确喂养狗以及避免某些可能伤害狗的食物等主题。这些都是与健康和生活方式选择有关的话题。因此，本文很可能出自杂志中“健康和生活方式”版块。故选B项。 Passage 8 （2024·天津河西·三模） For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. Now The Handbook of Good English, a comprehensive, easy-to-use guide to modern grammar, punctuation, usage, and style, puts the best available advice about writing and using the English language at your fingertips. Intended to replace Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style and a host of other desk-reference books on careful writing, The Handbook of Good English is organized for both rapid reference to check specific points and for leisurely study to improve personal and professional writing. This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D．Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing. A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index (词汇表/索引), arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication. “The Handbook of Good English fills a real need for a basic and strict handbook of standard English grammar, punctuation rules and conventions of editorial styling. Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine. 1．What does the author think of classroom English language teaching? A．Engaging. B．Time-consuming. C．Creative. D．Ineffective. 2．What is the purpose of The Handbook of Good English? A．To list English words commonly used in daily conversations. B．To provide advice on proper English communication. C．To further develop the idea in The Elements of Style. D．To highlight the importance of grammar learning. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Johnson’s book? A．Its diverse content. B．Its unique organization. C．Its publishing process. D．Its target readers. 4．Why is The Handbook of Good English special according to Paragraph 4? A．It has multiple glossaries for different users. B．It has extensive references for further reading. C．It has a section devoted to readers’ frequent confusions. D．It adopts a conversational approach to explaining grammar. 5．What can the comment from Booklist be regarded as? A．Effective means of learning standard English. B．A further recommendation for Johnson’s book. C．An expectation of Johnson’s creation. D．An introduction to the history of English grammar. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《The Handbook of Good English》这本书的组织形式、重点内容和特色。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. (多年来，我们的语法和高中的英语教学一直不令人振奋，给整整一代人留下了关于如何清晰地写作和说话的模糊概念。)”可知，作者认为英语课堂教学是无效的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication.(对于初学者，专业人士，以及任何关心语言的人来说，《良好英语手册》是恰当沟通的关键指南。) ”可知，《良好英语手册》的作用是为恰当的英语交流提供建议。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D. Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing.(这本全面的书探讨了语法、标点、风格、组织和语气。Edward D. Johnson不仅仅是发布规则；他给出了例子、例外，更重要的是，他清晰易懂地解释了为什么语法有它所具有的规则。他还充分注意了风格以及在良好的写作中对数字、缩写、通用术语、称呼形式、外来语等给予一致处理的重要问题。)”可知，Johnson的书中涉及到的内容是多种多样的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段的“A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index, arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. (这本书的一个特别的功能是组合词汇表/索引，是从A到Z排列的，对于最常见的问题给出即时答案，包括误用的单词，短语，和结构，并交叉引用较长的解释文本是必要的。)”可知，《良好英语手册》是特别的是因为它有一个章节专门讨论读者经常遇到的困惑。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine.(书评杂志Booklist评论道：“由于过去20年的语法教学过于草率，Johnson煞费苦心地解释语法规则的原因和相互关系。”)”可知，来自Booklist的评论可以被视为对Johnson这本书的进一步推荐。故选B。 Passage 9 （2024·天津河西·三模） What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject. But there was a specific angle to this latest study done by Oxford Brookes University researchers, which compared the collective experience of choral singing to that of taking part in team sports. Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that. In fact, I take no issue with any of these piles of research. The only thing I find annoying is that such an endlessly repeated truth results in relatively little action from the kind of people who could put it to good use. Not least, in government. From time to time I get invited as a music critic to the launch of some program to encourage more collective singing among school-age children. Expert s like Howard Goodall usually turn up. Then, six months later, everything goes quiet. The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep — perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble. I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts. Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it. 1．What does the underlined part “take no issue with” in Paragraph 2mean? A．Feel confused about. B．Make no comment on. C．Get unfamiliar with. D．Have no objection to. 2．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Most children think little of singing. B．Most children prefer singing to doing sports. C．Most schools attach little importance to singing. D．Most schools don’t have the money or the time to form a choir. 3．What was Golda’s problem? A．She couldn’t find a choir to join. B．She failed to win local schools’ support. C．Howard Goodall turned down her invitation. D．The government was unwilling to provide resources. 4．Which word best describes the impact of the 11-year-old experience on the author? A．Eye-opening. B．Identity-awakening. C．Soul-comforting. D．Character-shifting. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To review the latest study on singing. B．To advocate choir singing for children. C．To recommend musical works for the young. D．To compare the benefits of recreational activities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牛津布鲁克斯大学研究人员研究发现合唱对于儿童成长和教育有许多积极的影响，呼吁让更多的儿童参与其中受益并获得快乐。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject.(什么能延长你的寿命，并在未来的生活中帮助你？答案是：在唱诗班唱歌。这并不是一个新发现：关于这个主题的研究是无止境的。)”和第二段的“Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that.(合唱团显然轻松获胜。作为一个从小就以唱歌为借口远离运动场地的人，我对此……。)”可知，作者对唱诗班的好处持认同态度，而不是否定或有异议，因此划线短语表示“不反对”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. (不可否认的事实是，大多数公立学校都不太在意唱歌。他们说他们没有资源也没有时间。甚至当一个有价值的歌唱项目来到他们那里时，他们也拒绝了。) ”可知， 大多数学校不重视唱歌。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep—perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble.(我认识一个叫戈尔达的女人，她一直在努力组织本杰明·布里顿的《小扫荡》的演出，这也许是孩子们一起唱歌的最好的作品。但她发现当地的学校有反应吗？遗憾的是没有，他们认为这太麻烦了。)”可知，Golda没能赢得当地学校的支持来组织演出。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段的“I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts.(11岁时，我有机会和合唱团一起巡演。它打开了一个世界，一个来自伦敦东部不时尚地区的11岁孩子通常无法进入的世界。它讲述了各种可能性。身体和精神上都得到了快乐的奖励。但进入音乐世界的快乐才是最重要的。)”可知，11岁的巡演经历让作者大开眼界。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it.(试想一下：如果我们最终能让英国的孩子们唱歌。我们不需要大学研究人员。我们就这么做，并因此变得更好。)”可知，文章主要讲述了牛津布鲁克斯大学研究人员研究发现合唱对于儿童成长和教育有许多积极的影响，呼吁让更多的儿童参与其中受益并获得快乐。作者提倡儿童参与唱诗班活动。故选B。 Passage 10 （2024·天津和平·二模） Every bookstore in Beijing used to have a massive fiction room piled to the ceiling with great books. These days, you’re as likely as not to find that those rooms have been shrunk down to the size of a solitary (单独的) table thickly covered with the latest releases and best-selling novels. This, however, begs the question: Is fiction dying out, or is print media finally succumbing to (屈服于) its electronic and audio copy rivals (对手)? Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to traditional reading. I doubt it, however. This downward reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When Jeff Bezos first launched Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It doesn’t matter how good or bad the product is.” But I don’t think reading itself is dying. It is merely becoming more functional — in other words, something you have to do in order to get some tangible (实际的) benefit. Gone are the days when people just read for fun. Why lumber (迫使担负) through a musty old book when you can watch an action movie or play a video game? Of course, people know that these are poor substitutes (替代品) for a good book. In fact, there is nothing better than getting lost in a great book. I remember reading Shackleton, the British polar explorer, when I was a boy. After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too, had just been to the South Pole and back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which must have been infectious, as soon afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun. Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround yourself with. We can learn from them and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other people living in other times can get transmitted to us down through the pages of a good book. In the age of fragmented (碎片化的) information, the winners will be those who can stay focused. However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. How exactly you do so is up to you. 1．The author mentioned Kindle in the text to _______. A．praise its convenience and popularity in reading B．explore the reason for the decline of print media C．highlight the decreasing trend of traditional reading D．show our regret for its departure from China’s market 2．Which of the following statements is true about Shackleton according to the passage? A．He is famous for imaginary writing. B．He finds nothing better than an old book. C．He visited the South Pole many times himself. D．His adventure story influenced the author a lot. 3．We can benefit a lot from reading according to the author except that _______. A．we can be influenced by positive ideas B．we’d surround ourselves with good friends C．we can learn from other people’s experiences D．we can develop good habits and ways of thinking 4．The author probably agrees that _______. A．great books are more popular than action movies B．we should avoid being distracted by modern technology C．reading great books can help us stay focused D．traditional reading will eventually disappear 5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to find a better substitutes for books like Kindle. B．We should read more in order to escape from reality. C．We need to face the reality that reading is becoming less popular. D．We have to accept the fact that Kindle is leaving China. 6．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the future trend of reading. B．To advocate the benefits of reading. C．To analyze the reasons for the decline of reading. D．To compare different forms of reading. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了传统阅读的减少趋势，指出阅读本身并未消亡，而是变得更加实用。作者结合自身的经历，讲述了阅读对于人的益处，认为虽然阅读越来越不受欢迎，但是阅读的确可以让人保持专注，而我们应当去阅读那些伟大的著作。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to traditional reading. I doubt it, however. This downward reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When Jeff Bezos first launched Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It doesn’t matter how good or bad the product is.” (现在Kindle离开了中国，有人说也许人们会回到传统的阅读方式。然而，我对此表示怀疑。这种下降趋势已经持续了很长时间。当杰夫·贝佐斯首次推出Kindle时，苹果公司的史蒂夫·乔布斯说它会失败，因为“人们不再阅读了，不管产品是好是坏。”)”可知，作者认为Kindle离开中国并不意味着人们会回到传统的阅读方式，人们不再阅读的趋势持续存在。由此推知，作者提到Kindle强调传统阅读的减少趋势。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I remember reading Shackleton, the British polar explorer, when I was a boy. After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too, had just been to the South Pole and back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which must have been infectious, as soon afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun. (我记得小时候读过英国极地探险家沙克尔顿的书。在翻过这次非凡冒险的最后一页后，我觉得自己也刚刚去过南极并返回了。这种想象中的成就转化为一种自信，这种自信一定很有感染力，因为不久之后，我所有的朋友都自己拿起书来读，寻找乐趣)”可知，沙克尔顿的冒险故事对作者影响很大，让作者感同身受，变得自信。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround yourself with. We can learn from them and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other people living in other times can get transmitted to us down through the pages of a good book. (心理学家说，你是你周围五个朋友的平均值。我们可以向他们学习，他们也可以对我们自己的习惯和心态产生深远的影响。这样，一本书也可以成为一个导师。生活在其他时代的人的想法、建议、心态和经历可以通过一本好书的书页传递给我们)”可知，一本书好比一个值得学习的朋友，通过阅读，我们会受到积极思想的影响，从别人的经历中学习，养成良好的习惯和思维方式，文章未涉及身边都是好朋友这一好处。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. (然而，在一个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读似乎离我们越来越远。我们最大的问题不是Kindle离开中国，而是我们自己脱离了现实。伟大的著作传播普遍的真理；阅读它们)”可知，作者认为是我们自己脱离了现实，变得容易分心，劝诫我们阅读伟大的著作。由此推知，作者认为阅读伟大的著作可以让我们不再分心，而是保持专注。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. (然而，在一个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读似乎离我们越来越远。我们最大的问题不是Kindle离开中国，而是我们自己脱离了现实)”可知，我们自己脱离了现实是最大的问题，这导致我们容易分心，远离深度阅读。由此推知，我们需要面对阅读越来越不受欢迎的现实。故选C项。 6．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. How exactly you do so is up to you. (伟大的著作传播普遍的真理；阅读它们。具体怎么做取决于你自己)”可知，作者在探讨传统阅读减少趋势、阅读本身消亡与否之外，更多地是在分享阅读对于人的益处，希望读者去进行深度阅读。由此推知，作者的主要目的是提倡阅读的好处。故选B项。 2 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$