Unit 7 International charities Grammar 课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 International charities Grammar 中文:“被”字句 大师兄,师傅被妖怪抓走了。 大师兄,二师兄被妖怪抓走了。 大师兄,师傅和二师兄被妖怪抓走了 Lead in Lead in More money is needed for charity. About 80 percent of these cases can be prevented or cured. The plane is also used as a training centre. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. English: the passive voice 语态是动词的一种形式,表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。 语态有两种:主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice) 。 Eg. I hit him. 我把他打了。 当主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态。 He was hit by me. 他被我打了。 当主语是谓语的承受者时,用被动语态。 “把”字句 “被”字句 presentation (1)We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. (2)Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. (3)They built a new bridge over the river. A new bridge was built over the river. 主动 被动 主语是动作执行者用主动语态, 主语是动作承受者用被动语态。 More examples 主动 主动 被动 被动 1. Millie and Amy took the little cat to the animal center yesterday. 3. This kind of cake is called mooncake. 4. People use a keyboard to type information into the computer. 5. The windows in our classroom are cleaned once a week. 判断:主动语态 /被动语态 主动 Practice 主动 被动 被动 The plane is used as a hospital. His eye problem was cured two months ago. The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved. The action is more important than the person who performs the action. We don’t know or don’t need to know who performs the action. It is obvious who performs the action. When do we use the passive voice? presentation 很明显是谁执行了这个动作。 不知或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁。 动作比动作的执行者更重要。 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 I am supported. You/We/They are He/She/It is 否定句 主语 be not 过去分词 I am not supported. You/We/They are not He/She/It is not 一般现在时: 主 +be +done 主 +be+not +done presentation 结构: 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 I was supported. You/We/They were He/She/It was 否定句 主语 be not 过去分词 I was not supported. You/We/They were not He/She/It was not 一般过去式: 主 +was/were +done 主 +was/were+not +done presentation 结构: 在被动语态的句子中, 如果我们需要指出动作的执行者, 可以由by引出。将by sb 放在动词后。 (by 为介词“由….”之意,后面用宾格)。 Eg. He was hit. 他被打了。 He is hit by me.他被我打了。 presentation 主+ be+done+by+sb I hit him. 宾语 He is hit by me. 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾变主,主变宾, by+人后面跟。 谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。 be要随着主语变, 人称时态要弄清。 summary Practice 1. They speak English. 2. I bought a computer last week. 3. The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday. 4. She takes good care of the children. Put the sentences into the passive voice or the active voice. English is spoken by them. A computer was bought by me last week. Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday. The children are taken good care of by her. are planned to help the poor Charity activities _ (plan/to help the poor). A. Helping others (p99) 13 Leaflets _ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers). are handed out to people in the street by volunteers A. Helping others (p99) 14 Toys and CDs _ (sell/to raise money). are sold to raise money A. Helping others (p99) 15 New books _ _ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students). were sent to children in poor areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students A. Helping others (p99) 16 Warm clothes _ (collect/for poor people). were collected for poor people A. Helping others (p99) 17 A charity show _ (hold/the Students’ Union). was held by the Students’ Union A. Helping others (p99) 18 B. Helping others (p100) Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam. Daniel: Really? Please tell me about it. Amy: OK. Oxfam _ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop _ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people. Daniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them _ (call) Project Hope. It _ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country _ (give) basic education. Amy: Yes. Many schools _ (build) in poor areas each year. was set up was opened are sold is used is called was started are given are built Further knowledge Eg. He passed me a book.=He passed a book to me. A book was passed to me by him. I was passed a book by him. 含可接双宾语的动词(teach,give,pass,show)的句子改成被动语态,当直接宾语作为主语的时候,间接宾语要加介词 to/for. Further knowledge Eg. My mother often makes me do housework. I am often made to do housework by my mother. 在感官动词(watch, hear, see)和使役动词(make, let, have)的主动语态中, 动词不定式的to常省去, 但是在被动语态中要加上to。 1. We heard someone open the door. = Someone _ open the door by us. 2. The teacher made him retell the story. = He _ retell the story by the teacher. Have a try was heard to was made to Further knowledge Eg. We should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely by us. 不及物动词(happen, take place等)没有被动语态,因为后面没有宾语。但是 “不及物动词+介词”可以当成及物动词来看,含有“不及物动词(vi)+介词/副词+宾语”变被动语态时,介词副词要保留。 Further knowledge 连系动词(Link.v.) 如: look, sound, smell, taste, feel…+ adj时 ,本身已含有被动含义,不用被动语态。 1).The flowers _sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 2).The story _ interesting 这个故事听起来很有趣。 3).The piece of cloth _ soft 这块布摸起来很柔软。 smell sounds feels 主动表示被动 Further knowledge 主动表示被动 一些不及物动词,和well, badly, easily 等副词连用,表示事物的自然属性(特性)的时候,不用被动语态。 1). The pen _ (write) very fast. 这支笔书写流利。 2). This book _ (sell) well. 这本书很畅销。 writes sells 注意 This kind of book _ (sell out) yesterday. 这种书昨天就被卖光了。 was sold out $$