考前清单08.阅读理解题型解读及应对策略-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练

考前清单08 阅读理解题型解读及应对策略 ▲宏观分析 中考英语阅读理解试题主要类型、相关细分种类及应对策略 主要类型 细分种类 应对策略 主旨大意题 文章标题类：要求选择最适合文章的标题 中心思想类：询问文章的主要内容或中心思想 寻找主题句：通常位于文章的首段、尾段或各段的开头，这些句子往往概括了文章的主要内容。 概括各段大意：如果没有明显的主题句，需要总结每段的主要内容，然后归纳出文章的主旨。 注意关键词：文章中反复出现的词汇往往与主旨有关，可帮助确定答案。 排除干扰项：过于具体或片面的选项通常不是正确答案，而过于宽泛、与文章内容不符的选项也要排除。 细节理解题 直接信息题：可直接从文章中找到答案，通常是对某个具体事实或细节的考查 间接信息题：需要对文章中的信息进行加工、整理或推理才能得出答案 数字计算题：涉及时间、年龄、价格等数字的计算 排序题：要求根据文章内容对事件或步骤进行排序 定位关键词：根据题目中的关键词，在文章中快速定位到相关段落或句子。 仔细阅读：认真阅读定位到的内容，理解其含义，注意细节信息，如日期、数字、人名、地名等。 对比选项：将选项与原文内容进行仔细对比，确保答案准确无误，注意选项中的细微差别，如偷换概念、扩大或缩小范围等。 对于数字计算题，要根据文章中的信息进行准确计算，注意单位换算等问题。 排序题可根据时间顺序、事件发展顺序等进行梳理，先确定开头和结尾，再逐步确定中间的步骤。 推理判断题 细节推理题：根据文章中的具体细节进行推理判断 主旨推理题：根据文章的主旨大意进行推理 作者意图推理题：推断作者的写作目的、态度或观点 文章出处推理题：判断文章可能来自于哪里，如报纸、杂志、小说等 依据原文：推理必须以文章内容为依据，不能主观臆断，要从字里行间寻找线索。 合理推断：根据文章提供的信息进行合理的逻辑推理，不要过度推理或推理出与文章内容相悖的结论。 关注细节：注意文章中的关键词、短语、句子的隐含意义，这些可能是推理的依据。 分析作者态度：通过作者使用的词汇、语气、论述方式等来判断其态度和观点，如褒义词表示积极态度，贬义词表示消极态度。 考虑文章风格：根据文章的体裁、内容和语言风格来推断其出处，例如，科普文章可能来自科学杂志，新闻报道可能来自报纸等。 词义猜测题 单词猜测题：猜测文章中某个生词的词义 短语猜测题：猜测短语的含义 句子猜测题：理解文章中某个句子的意思 利用上下文：通过生词或短语所在的上下文来推测其含义，注意上下文的逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列等。 分析构词法：如果是熟悉的词根、词缀构成的单词，可根据构词法知识来猜测词义。 代入法：将选项代入原文，看哪个选项能使句子的意思通顺、符合上下文逻辑。 注意标点符号：如破折号、括号、冒号等，往往对生词或短语有解释说明的作用。 对于句子猜测题，要结合上下文理解句子的深层含义，注意句子中的关键词和修辞手法。 ▲微观分析 一、细节理解题 1.直接信息题 （1）明确细节类 【题型举例】In the passage, it is stated that the library opens at 9 a.m. every day. Question: What time does the library open? 【要点分析】答案在文中直接给出，非常明确，考生只需找到相关句子，就能获取答案。 【答题技巧】根据题目中的关键词，如 “library” 和 “open”，快速定位到文中相应句子，直接得出答案 “9 a.m.”。 （2）排除干扰类 【题型举例】The article mentions that Tom likes apples, bananas, and oranges, but not strawberries. Question: Which fruit does Tom not like? 【要点分析】文中明确列出了 Tom 喜欢和不喜欢的水果，考生需要排除喜欢的水果，找出不喜欢的。 【答题技巧】仔细阅读相关内容，排除干扰信息，找到关键句 “but not strawberries”，得出答案 “strawberries”。 2.间接信息题 （1）简单推断类 【题型举例】The passage says that Lucy is two years older than Lily, and Lily is 10 years old. Question: How old is Lucy? 【要点分析】文中没有直接给出 Lucy 的年龄，但给出了她与 Lily 年龄的关系以及 Lily 的年龄，需要考生进行简单的计算和推断。 【答题技巧】根据已知信息 “Lucy is two years older than Lily” 和 “Lily is 10 years old”，可计算出 Lucy 的年龄为 “10 + 2 = 12” 岁。 （2）综合理解类 【题型举例】The text describes that John went to the park by bike. He saw many flowers and took some pictures. Then he sat on a bench and read a book. Question: How did John go to the park? What did he do in the park? 【要点分析】本题需要考生从多个句子中获取信息，综合理解后回答问题。对于 “How did John go to the park?”，答案直接在第一句；而对于 “What did he do in the park?”，则需要从后面的句子中总结。 【答题技巧】对于 “How did John go to the park?”，根据 “John went to the park by bike.” 得出答案 “By bike.”；对于 “What did he do in the park?”，综合 “He saw many flowers and took some pictures. Then he sat on a bench and read a book.”，可回答 “He saw many flowers, took some pictures and read a book.” 3.数字计算题 （1）价格计算类 【题型举例】A T - shirt in the store is on sale. The original price is $30, and it is now 20% off. Question: How much does the T - shirt cost now? 【要点分析】考生需要根据原价和折扣信息计算出现在的价格，涉及到简单的数学运算。 【答题技巧】计算方法是$30\times(1 - 20%) = 30\times0.8 = $24，得出答案 “$24”。 （2）时间计算类 【题型举例】The train leaves at 8:30 a.m. and arrives at the destination at 11:45 a.m. Question: How long does the train journey take? 【要点分析】需要计算两个时间点之间的时间差，要注意小时和分钟的换算。 【答题技巧】11 时 45 分 - 8 时 30 分 = 3 小时 15 分，得出答案 “3 hours and 15 minutes”。 4.顺序排列题 （1）事件排序类 【题型举例】The passage tells about a day in Mary's life. First, she got up at 6:30. Then she had breakfast. After that, she went to school. At school, she had classes until 12:00. Then she had lunch. In the afternoon, she played basketball with her friends. Finally, she went home at 5:00 p.m. Question: Please put the events in the correct order. 【要点分析】考生需要根据文中描述的时间顺序或事件发生的先后顺序对各个事件进行排序。 【答题技巧】按照文中的描述，正确顺序为 “got up - had breakfast - went to school - had classes - had lunch - played basketball - went home”。 （2）步骤排序类 【题型举例】The article introduces the process of making a kite. First, prepare the materials like paper, sticks, and string. Then, cut the paper into the shape of a kite. Next, attach the sticks to the paper. After that, tie the string to the kite. Finally, decorate the kite. Question: What is the correct order of making a kite? 【要点分析】与事件排序类似，本题是对制作风筝步骤的排序，需要考生准确把握每个步骤的先后顺序。 【答题技巧】根据文章内容，得出正确顺序为 “prepare materials - cut paper - attach sticks - tie string - decorate the kite”。 二、推理判断题 1.细节推理题 （1）针对具体细节推断 【题型举例】The boy looked at the broken window with a guilty expression. Question: What can we infer about the boy? 【要点分析】文中通过 “guilty expression”（愧疚的表情）这一细节描述，暗示男孩与打破窗户这件事有关。 【答题技巧】考生要仔细抓住 “guilty expression” 这个关键细节，结合生活常识进行合理推断，可得出 “The boy might have broken the window.”（男孩可能打破了窗户）的结论。 （2）根据多处细节综合推断 【题型举例】In the story, it mentions that the girl always carried a book with her, she often went to the library, and she spent her weekends reading in the park. Question: What can we learn about the girl? 【要点分析】需要综合 “always carried a book”“often went to the library”“spent weekends reading” 等多处细节来推断女孩的特点。 【答题技巧】综合这些细节可以推断出 “The girl is fond of reading.”（女孩喜欢阅读），即通过对多个细节的分析整合，得出关于人物的性格、爱好等方面的结论。 2.文章出处推理题 （1）来自报纸杂志 【题型举例】The passage is mainly about the latest scientific research on climate change. It presents detailed data and analysis. Question: Where is this passage most likely to be from? 【要点分析】文章内容是关于科学研究，且有详细数据和分析，符合报纸杂志中科学板块的特点。 【答题技巧】考虑到文章的专业性和内容特点，可推断出 “It is most likely from a science - related newspaper or magazine.”（它最有可能来自一份与科学相关的报纸或杂志）。要熟悉不同类型报纸杂志的内容风格，以便准确判断。 （2）来自网站 【题型举例】The text contains vivid pictures and interactive elements, and it also has links to other related topics. Question: Where does this passage probably come from? 【要点分析】有生动图片、互动元素和链接是网站文章的常见特征。 【答题技巧】根据这些特征可以推断 “Probably from a website.”（可能来自一个网站），要了解网站文章与其他媒介文章在形式和内容呈现上的区别。 3.观点态度推理题 （1）作者观点态度 【题型举例】The author describes the new technology as revolutionary and mentions its great potential to change people's lives. Question: What is the author's attitude towards the new technology? 【要点分析】通过 “revolutionary”（革命性的）和 “great potential”（巨大潜力）等词汇，可判断作者对新技术持积极肯定的态度。 【答题技巧】关注文中作者使用的描述性词汇和语句，分析其情感色彩，从而得出作者的观点态度，如本题中可得出 “The author has a positive attitude towards the new technology.”（作者对新技术持积极态度）。 （2）人物观点态度 【题型举例】In the story, Tom said, "I don't think this plan will work. It has too many flaws." Question: What is Tom's attitude towards the plan? 【要点分析】从 Tom 所说的话中 “don't think...will work” 和 “too many flaws”（太多缺陷）能明显看出他对计划的否定态度。 【答题技巧】直接根据人物的语言表述来判断其观点态度，本题答案为 “Tom has a negative attitude towards the plan.”（Tom 对计划持否定态度），要准确理解人物话语中的关键信息。 4.写作意图推理题 （1）说服读者 【题型举例】The passage lists many advantages of exercising regularly and encourages people to start an exercise routine. Question: What is the author's writing intention? 【要点分析】文章通过列举锻炼的好处并鼓励人们锻炼，目的是说服读者去进行定期锻炼。 【答题技巧】注意文中的劝说性语句和列举的相关好处，可得出 “The author intends to persuade readers to exercise regularly.”（作者意图说服读者定期锻炼），明确作者想要让读者采取的行动。 （2）告知信息 【题型举例】The article introduces the history and development of a famous brand. It provides detailed information about its products and market position. Question: Why did the author write this passage? 【要点分析】文章主要是在介绍品牌的各方面信息，目的是让读者了解该品牌。 【答题技巧】根据文章内容以介绍为主的特点，可判断出 “The author's purpose is to inform readers about the famous brand.”（作者的目的是告知读者关于这个著名品牌的信息），把握文章主要内容是判断写作意图的关键。 三、主旨大意题 1.标题归纳类 （1）文章主题明确，标题直接反映主题 【题型举例】文章主要讲述了大熊猫的生活习性、栖息地以及面临的生存威胁等内容。 问题：What would be the best title for this passage? 【要点分析】文章围绕大熊猫展开，介绍了其多方面的信息，所以标题应直接体现 “大熊猫” 这一主题。 【答题技巧】此类题目需要考生找出文章的核心话题，如本题中的 “大熊猫”，然后选择能准确概括该话题且涵盖文章主要内容的标题，如 “Giant Pandas: Their Lives and Challenges”。 （2）文章主题含蓄，标题需提炼隐含意义 【题型举例】文章讲述了一个小男孩在经历挫折后，通过努力最终实现梦想的故事，中间穿插了他的心理变化和成长历程。 问题：Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? 【要点分析】文章表面是讲小男孩的故事，但深层含义是关于梦想与成长。 【答题技巧】考生要深入理解文章内涵，挖掘出背后的主题思想，可选择 “From Dream to Reality: The Growth of a Boy” 这样的标题，既体现了故事的核心要素，又提炼出了隐含的成长主题。 2.段落大意归纳类 （1）首句点明段落主旨 【题型举例】段落首句为 “Nowadays, more and more people are interested in learning a foreign language.”，后面的内容围绕人们学习外语的原因、方式等展开。 问题：What is the main idea of this paragraph? 【要点分析】首句直接表明了段落主题是关于人们对外语学习的兴趣。 【答题技巧】对于这种类型的段落，考生只需抓住首句关键信息，就可概括出段落大意，如 “This paragraph mainly tells about the increasing interest of people in learning a foreign language.”。 （2）尾句总结段落主旨 【题型举例】段落先介绍了各种环保措施，如减少塑料使用、垃圾分类等，最后一句是 “These measures are crucial for protecting our environment and ensuring a sustainable future.”。 问题：What does this paragraph mainly talk about? 【要点分析】尾句总结了前面提到的环保措施的重要性，是对段落内容的概括。 【答题技巧】重点关注尾句，提炼出核心观点，可总结为 “The paragraph is about the importance of various environmental protection measures for a sustainable future.”。 （3）中间句概括段落主旨 【题型举例】段落开头描述了城市交通拥堵的现象，接着中间句提到 “Improving public transportation is a key solution to the traffic problem.”，后面则具体阐述了改善公共交通的方法和好处。 问题：What is the main idea of this paragraph? 【要点分析】中间句明确指出了改善公共交通是解决交通问题的关键，是段落的核心内容。 【答题技巧】需要考生在阅读过程中留意段落中间出现的概括性语句，像本题可概括为 “The main idea is that improving public transportation is the key to solving the urban traffic congestion problem.”。 2.文章主旨归纳类 （1）总分总结构文章 【题型举例】文章开头提出 “Technology has brought great changes to our daily lives.”，中间分别从通讯、交通、医疗等方面举例说明科技带来的变化，结尾总结 “Technology will continue to shape our future in more amazing ways.”。 问题：What is the main idea of the passage? 【要点分析】文章开头点明科技对生活有巨大影响，中间具体阐述，结尾再次强调科技对未来的作用，主旨明确。 【答题技巧】对于这种结构的文章，重点关注首尾段的关键句，综合概括出文章主旨，如 “This passage mainly discusses the great changes brought by technology to our daily lives and its influence on the future.”。 （2）总分结构文章 【题型举例】文章首段指出 “Reading has many benefits for people.”，接下来的段落分别从增长知识、提高思维能力、丰富情感等方面论述阅读的好处。 问题：What does the passage mainly talk about? 【要点分析】首段总领全文，表明阅读有诸多益处，后面段落进行具体说明。 【答题技巧】抓住首段的总起句，就能把握文章主旨，可总结为 “The passage is about the various benefits of reading for people.”。 （3）分总结构文章 【题型举例】文章先分别描述了不同国家的文化特色，如中国的春节习俗、法国的艺术氛围、美国的多元文化等，最后一段总结 “Cultural diversity makes the world a more interesting and colorful place.”。 问题：What is the main idea of this passage? 【要点分析】前面段落分别介绍各国文化，最后总结文化多样性的意义。 【答题技巧】关注尾段的总结句，概括出文章主旨为 “The passage mainly tells about the cultural diversity of different countries and its significance in making the world more interesting and colorful.”。 四、词义猜测题 1.生词猜测类 （1）根据定义或解释猜测词义 【题型举例】A “blog” is a personal online diary that people use to share their thoughts and experiences with others. Question: What does the word “blog” mean? 【要点分析】文中给出了 “blog” 的定义 “a personal online diary”，直接解释了该词的含义。 【答题技巧】当文中出现 “is, means, that is, in other words” 等标志性词语时，要留意其后对生词的解释，这往往就是该词的词义。 （2）根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义 【题型举例】The boy is very timid. He is afraid of speaking in public and always hides behind his mother. Question: What does “timid” mean? 【要点分析】通过 “He is afraid of speaking in public and always hides behind his mother” 可知，男孩害怕在公众场合说话且总躲在妈妈身后，可推测出 “timid” 是 “胆小的” 意思。 【答题技巧】利用上下文的因果、对比、并列等逻辑关系来推断生词的含义。如本题中通过描述男孩的行为表现来推断出 “timid” 的意思。 2.熟词生义类 （1）根据具体语境确定熟词的特殊含义 【题型举例】The runner tried to break the record in the race. Here “break” means . 【要点分析】“break” 常见含义是 “打破，打碎”，但在 “break the record” 这个短语中，结合语境可知是 “打破记录” 的意思，是熟词的特殊用法。 【答题技巧】遇到熟悉的单词时，不要立刻按照其常见词义去理解，要根据上下文语境判断它是否有特殊含义。 （2）根据词性变化猜测熟词新义 【题型举例】He is a good singer. He sings very well. Here “well” is used as _. 【要点分析】“well” 常见作副词，意为 “很好地”，但在 “He is a good singer” 中，“well” 作形容词，意为 “健康的”，这里考查了 “well” 词性变化后的不同含义。 【答题技巧】注意单词的词性变化，不同词性可能会有不同的词义，结合上下文确定其在具体语境中的词性和含义。 3.短语或句子猜测类 （1）根据短语构成和上下文猜测短语含义 【题型举例】The little girl looked forward to getting a new doll on her birthday. Question: What does “looked forward to” mean? 【要点分析】“look forward” 有 “向前看” 的意思，但 “looked forward to” 在句中结合 “getting a new doll on her birthday” 可知，小女孩是期待在生日得到新玩偶，所以 “looked forward to” 是 “期待，盼望” 的意思。 【答题技巧】分析短语的构成，再结合上下文语境来推测其含义。对于一些固定短语，要注意其特殊含义，不能仅从字面意思去理解。 （2）根据句子前后逻辑和语境猜测句子含义 【题型举例】“When pigs fly, he will pass the exam.” Question: What does the sentence mean? 【要点分析】“When pigs fly” 是一个习语，从字面上看是 “当猪飞起来的时候”，结合后面 “he will pass the exam” 可知，这句话是说他通过考试是不可能的，就像猪不可能飞起来一样。 【答题技巧】对于一些具有特殊含义的句子或习语，要根据句子前后的逻辑关系以及上下文语境来理解其真实含义，不能只看表面意思。 （建议用时：40分钟） 1 Chinese developer Game Science’s Black Myth: Wukong (《黑神话：悟空》) has become popular around the world and brought the story of Journey to the West back into the public attention in 2024. However, this isn’t the first time this has happened. People have been crazy about the story of Sun Wukong (Monkey King), who protects the monk Tang Sanzang on his journey for more than eighty years. Journey to the West’s journey to the West began in the late 19th century when Western missionaries (传教士) and diplomats (外交官) in China translated parts of the story into English. The story became popular in the West because of British scholar Arthur Waley’s translation in 1942. But Waley’s book only included 30 chapters (章节), because he preferred an easy-to- read style. Then he shortened the text and left out parts he considered less important, including some small characters. It wasn’t until 1983 that Chinese American scholar Anthony C． Yu published the first complete English translation of Journey to the West. Drawing on traditional Chinese culture, Black Myth: Wukong’s storyline and characters may be difficult to understand for many players, especially those from Western countries. For example, the names of some characters and weapons (武器) in the game, such as Erlang Shen and Jingubang, are written with the names in Chinese pinyin. Players who don’t know how to read or speak Chinese might feel lost in these novel words. In English, the popular translation for Tang Sanzang is “Tripitaka”. Sanzang refers to the monk’s task to get the Sanzangjing (三藏经). Tripitaka is Sanskrit (梵语) term for the Sanzangjing, making it a suitable translation. Sha Wujing is translated as “Sandy” in English. This translation stays true to his surname “sha”, meanng “sand” in English. It also sounds similar to the word “sandi”, meaning “the third brother” in Chinese. 1．What is Wukong’s tasks according to the passage? A．To finish the game: Black Myth: Wukong. B．To play with the Western players. C．To translate Journey to the West into English. D．To protect the monk Tang Sanzang. 2．Who first translated Journey to the West into English? A．Western missionaries and diplomats in China. B．British scholar Arthur Waley and diplomats. C．Chinese American scholar Anthony C． Yu. D．Western players and western missions. 3．Why some western players may not play Black Myth: Wukong well? A．Because they know little English for the story line in the game. B．Because they know little about the storyline of Journey to the West in the game. C．Because they know little Chinese pinyin for the characters and weapons in the game. D．B and C both are right. 4．Which is NOT TRUE from the last paragraph? A．Tang Sanzang is translated into “Tripitaka” in English. B．Tripitaka is Sanskrit term for the Sanzangjing. C．Chinese “sha” means “the third brother” in English. D．“Sandy” is Sha Wujing’s English name. 2 All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly (环保的) way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗涤池) and toilets that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．How does the writer explain the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By sharing reasons. D．By giving examples. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To protect the plants. B．To save materials. C．To save energy. D．To protect the buildings. 3．What can be the best title for the text? A．Recycling Materials. B．Designing Buildings. C．Going Green. D．Using Energy. 4．What do we know about a green building? A．It uses more materials than other buildings. B．It is built in an environment-friendly way. C．It is usually painted green outside. D．It is designed by famous architects. 3 You see a snake while hiking! Your heart is racing, your hands feel like ice, and you breathe faster to take in more air. You are experiencing an important emotion: fear. Some scientists believe we are born with fear: the fear of falling and loud sounds. But we learn most fear. We are scared of snakes after a certain experience, like being bitten, or seeing other people bitten by a snake. Another way to learn fear is from the spoken words or written notes. We may not know that a snake is scary, until our parents say snakes are dangerous. What’s more, fear can be catching. When we see our friends cry, we will be influenced by them. But where does fear come from? It starts in a part of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核). The amygdala receives what we see, hear or smell and finds out how much it stands out to us. It then tells the heart to beat faster and the body to sweat. Another part of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) is closely connected with the amygdala. It helps the brain read the possible danger and find out whether the danger is real. Seeing a lion in the wild can cause strong fear, but the sight of the same lion at a zoo only brings us fun and the thought that the lion is cute. This is because the hippocampus is telling us there’s no need to worry about it. So, we feel less afraid when signals (信号) from the hippocampus overpower (胜过) the amygdala. Actually, no one is fearless. Brave people still feel fear like everyone else—the difference is in how they handle it. People who work in dangerous jobs, like firemen, learn to manage their fear by practicing. In this way, they can act automatically (自动地) in dangerous situations, although they might be really scared at that time. They are also able to quiet (平息) their fear because they believe they have the knowledge to solve the problem. Fear is a natural human emotion that we all experience. We should learn about it and live with it. 1．How many ways to learn fear are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two C．Three. D．Four. 2．How does the hippocampus work in our brain? A．It helps us calm down. B．It tells our heart to beat faster. C．It records the fear we experience. D．It collects the information around. 3．What does the underlined word “handle” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．go over B．suffer from C．deal with D．depend on 4．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4 We know many musical instruments well, such as pianos, violins and drums. What about the erhu? The erhu is a traditional Chinese instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history. The modern erhu developed from the xiqin. It was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty (朝代). In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to play different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an important accompanying (伴奏) instrument in different folk music. At present, it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu is Erquan Yingyue. As the erhu was mainly played by common people and the playing skills were passed down orally (口头地), there are few written records about the erhu. To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings. Some huqin pictures were found in Yulin Caves (榆林窟) and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves (东千佛洞) in Gansu. 1．What is true about the erhu? A．It has a long history. B．It is a western instrument. C．It comes from the drum family. D．It is popular with young people. 2．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指的是)? A．Erhu. B．Music. C．Huqin. D．Xiqin. 3．When did the erhu develop quickly? A．During Han Dynasty. B．During Tang Dynasty. C．During Ming and Qing Dynasties. D．During Qin Dynasty. 4．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To encourage us to learn erhu. B．To tell us the history about erhu. C．To help us enjoy some erhu works. D．To ask us to protect the erhu music. 5 He Jing, 36, has become the first Chinese woman to climb all 14 of the world’s mountains over 8,000 metres without supplemental oxygen (辅助氧气). She finished her journey at the 8,027-metre Mount Shishapangma in Xizang in October 9th, 2024. Born in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province (省), He Jing didn’t see a mountain until she was 18. In 2012, she climbed her first snow mountain, Mount Siguniang in Sichuan Province. From then on, she climbed nearly every snow mountain in China. Her first 8,000-metre summit (登顶) came in 2016 when she climbed Cho Oyu. “After Cho Oyu, I felt strong enough to try without oxygen,” He Jing said. He Jing began her oxygen-free climbing journey in 2017. She reached the summit of Manaslu that year. She followed it with Makalu in 2018, Annapurna in 2019, Dhaulagiri in 2021, Qomolangma, Lhotse, K2, and Broad Peak in 2022, then Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Gasherbrum Ⅱ, Gasherbrum Ⅰ, and Cho Oyu in 2023. Mount Shishapangma was the final mountain in this amazing challenge. Right now, He Jing has a dream - to climb Mount Qomolangma from the north side. “Next year marks the 50th anniversary (周年) of the first Chinese woman to summit Mount Qomolangma. In 1975, China’s Panduo became the first woman in the world to summit from the north side. I want to do something to honor (致敬) her,” she said. 1．When did He Jing complete her journey to climb all 14 of the world’s mountains over 8,000 meters? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2022. D．In 2024. 2．Which mountain was He Jing’s first 8,000-meter summit? A．Mount Siguniang. B．Cho Oyu. C．Manaslu. D．Mount Shishapangma. 3．Why does He Jing want to climb Mount Qomolangma from the north side? A．To challenge this amazing mountain. B．To celebrate a special anniversary. C．To honor a Chinese woman, Pando. D．To begin an oxygen-free climbing. 4．What can you mainly learn from the text? A．He’s mountain climbing experiences and future plans. B．All the 14 mountains in the world over 8,000 meters. C．How to climb mountains without supplemental oxygen. D．The positions of different mountains in every province. 6 You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at 90° angle to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 1．What should you consider first while sailing? A．Sailor’s strength. B．Wave levels. C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails. 2．If the wind blows from the side, you should ________. A．always keep the sail outside the boat B．keep the sail at 45° angle to the boat C．keep the sail at 90° angle to the boat D．always keep the sail near the boat 3．Which one below is tacking mentioned in the last paragraph? A． B． C． D． 4．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a history textbook. B．In a tourist guidebook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an official report. 7 Last Sunday, Mark’s grandma invited him to her pottery studio. He was excited, because Grandma didn’t give her other grandsons such an invitation. As soon as Mark stepped into the studio, he began to look forward to putting his hands into some wet clay and placing his bowl into the hot kiln (窑). “Be careful with that,” Grandma said as Mark picked up one of her bowls. The boy carefully put the bowl back on the table. Then Grandma showed him some of her bowls and asked him to make one himself. Mark started happily. However, five hours later, Mark was sad. His first bowl, a blue one, looked more like a rock. His second bowl, a red one, was hardly any better. “I’ll never make it!” Mark said angrily, looking at his work. Hearing this, Grandma stopped what she was doing and went to Mark. After seeing what he had made, she said, “Don’t worry. You just need to be more patient.” She sat next to Mark and helped him with his work. About one and a half hours later, they finished making a beautiful yellow bowl together. Mark was happy when he looked at his work. “Thanks,” he said to Grandma. Grandma looked at him and smiled. “You’re great. Remember not to give up easily no matter what you do in the future,” she said. Mark said he would follow Grandma’s words. 1．How did Mark feel when he first arrived at the studio? A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 2．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The kiln. B．The clay. C．The hand. D．The bowl. 3．How did Mark’s relationship with his grandma probably be after the visit to the pottery studio? A．Mark lost interest in spending time with his grandma. B．They became closer and understood each other more. C．They started fighting and not agreeing with each other more often. D．Mark’s grandma was not happy with his pottery skills and felt down. 4．What’s the main idea of the story? A．Be happy with what you have. B．Parents are children’s best teachers. C．Don’t give up in the face of difficulties. D．Don’t be afraid to ask for help when in trouble. 8 In recent years, we often see people wearing Hanfu on the street. At first, I thought these Hanfu fans, especially those who wore the clothing regularly, were a bit strange. After an interview with the promoter (推广者), Wang Tianjiao, I started to step into its world. Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. It has been around for about 3,000 years and changed greatly across different dynasties. And now quite a few Hanfu clubs have been set up in universities. Members usually wear Hanfu at their graduation ceremonies or during holidays. Some even wear Hanfu on regular days, too. And these fans created a special day—China Hanfu Day to celebrate traditional Chinese clothing. It falls on the third day of the third month in Chinese lunar calendar. Wang believes in what she loves. She wears Hanfu in public and takes photos dressed in it for Sina Weibo so that other people can learn about it. She told me, “The return of Hanfu is not about turning back the clock, but about passing down our culture.” 1．Where is you ren when you wear Hanfu? A．On the right part of Hanfu. B．On the left part of Hanfu. C．At the back of Hanfu. D．At the bottom of Hanfu. 2．According to the picture, which does Hanfu have instead of buttons (纽扣)? A．Jiao ling. B．You ren. C．Ji dai. D．Ribbon. 3．What can we infer from the article? A．China Hanfu Day is on May 3rd this year. B．People started wearing Hanfu during the Qing Dynasty. C．Wang Tianjiao loves traditional Chinese Han clothing. D．Wearing Hanfu is about turning back the clock. 4．In which column of a newspaper can we find the article? A．Our Culture B．Science Study C．University History D．Tour Guide 9 Writing a good story is no easy task. What’s the secret? Mo Yan, the 2012 Nobel Prize winner in literature, believes his success comes from doing a lot of reading. Mo was born into a farming family in a village in Shandong province. He grew up listening to folk stories about gods, spirits and foxes. Those stories later became the inspiration for Mo’s writing. Mo left school at the age of 12 and started to work in the fields. Although he was tired after his daily hard work, Mo was always hungry for books. However, there were very few in the village. He read his older brother’s textbooks and even dictionaries. He also helped others with farm work in exchange for books. “When I finished reading all the books around, I thought I was the most knowledgeable man in the world,” he told Xinhua. After Mo left his hometown and joined the army in 1976, he began to read widely, including works by Lu Xun and many other famous writers. He studied from these writers but did not copy them. Instead, he developed his own style. “I grew up in an environment filled with folk culture. It enters my novels whenever I pick up a pen. This has influenced, even decided, my style,” Mo told a group of reporters in his hometown after he won the award. As the first Chinese person to win a Nobel Prize in literature, the organization spoke highly of his works. They said his writing is where fantasy and reality meet, bringing together historical and social perspectives (看法). 1．What inspired Mo Yan’s writing? A．Working in the fields. B．His family members. C．His education at school. D．Stories he heard as a child. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．What Mo Yan did at school. B．How Mo Yan tried to get books to read. C．What types of books Mo Yan preferred to read. D．Why Mo Yan helped others with farm work. 3．How did Mo Yan feel after reading all the books he could find? A．He felt bored. B．He felt empty. C．He felt proud. D．He felt puzzled. 4．What did the Nobel Prize organization say about Mo Yan’s writing? A．It is focused on folk stories. B．It mixes fantasy and reality. C．It tries to solve social problems. D．It is largely based on historical events. 10 It seems you can ask artificial intelligence (AI) programs anything, and they’ll give you an answer. So, can they tell jokes? This question was raised by UK comedian (喜剧演员) Karen Hobbs in one of her shows in June last year. Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs told jokes written by ChatGPT. When Hobbs asked ChatGPT for a joke, it gave one about a man joking about getting bored with his shopping-obsessed (痴迷于购物的) girlfriend. Even when she asked to tell it from a woman’s perspective (视角), it was still a shopping-obsessed girlfriend but told in the first person. It’s no surprise that many jokes by AI come from a man’s perspective, as men are much more common in comedy. The BBC said that AI storytelling can only create stories based on (基于) what is already there. A good joke in real life can always change based on the audience’s reaction (反应). This is a skill that often leads comedians to improvise (即兴创作). That’s something that AI can’t do for now. For example, in improv, comedians don’t make preparations. They depend only on their natural reaction to the audience. However, that could change. Research is already being done to give AI a greater understanding of the world around it, which makes the future of AI jokes still uncertain (难预料的). 1．What did the UK comedian Karen Hobbs do in one of her shows last June? A．She told her own jokes. B．She sang a song. C．She asked AI to tell jokes. D．She danced on stage. 2．What kind of joke did ChatGPT tell when Hobbs asked for one? A．A joke about a man who loves cooking. B．A joke about a couple who love traveling. C．A joke about a child who loves playing games. D．A joke about a woman who loves shopping. 3．Why do many AI jokes seem to be from a man’s perspective? A．Because men write most of the jokes. B．Because AI prefers men’s jokes. C．Because men are more common in comedy. D．Because women don’t like jokes. 4．What does the future of AI jokes look like according to the passage? A．It’s uncertain and still being researched. B．It’s certain and bright. C．AI will never be able to tell jokes. D．AI jokes are already better than human jokes. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考前清单08 阅读理解题型解读及应对策略 ▲宏观分析 中考英语阅读理解试题主要类型、相关细分种类及应对策略 主要类型 细分种类 应对策略 主旨大意题 文章标题类：要求选择最适合文章的标题 中心思想类：询问文章的主要内容或中心思想 寻找主题句：通常位于文章的首段、尾段或各段的开头，这些句子往往概括了文章的主要内容。 概括各段大意：如果没有明显的主题句，需要总结每段的主要内容，然后归纳出文章的主旨。 注意关键词：文章中反复出现的词汇往往与主旨有关，可帮助确定答案。 排除干扰项：过于具体或片面的选项通常不是正确答案，而过于宽泛、与文章内容不符的选项也要排除。 细节理解题 直接信息题：可直接从文章中找到答案，通常是对某个具体事实或细节的考查 间接信息题：需要对文章中的信息进行加工、整理或推理才能得出答案 数字计算题：涉及时间、年龄、价格等数字的计算 排序题：要求根据文章内容对事件或步骤进行排序 定位关键词：根据题目中的关键词，在文章中快速定位到相关段落或句子。 仔细阅读：认真阅读定位到的内容，理解其含义，注意细节信息，如日期、数字、人名、地名等。 对比选项：将选项与原文内容进行仔细对比，确保答案准确无误，注意选项中的细微差别，如偷换概念、扩大或缩小范围等。 对于数字计算题，要根据文章中的信息进行准确计算，注意单位换算等问题。 排序题可根据时间顺序、事件发展顺序等进行梳理，先确定开头和结尾，再逐步确定中间的步骤。 推理判断题 细节推理题：根据文章中的具体细节进行推理判断 主旨推理题：根据文章的主旨大意进行推理 作者意图推理题：推断作者的写作目的、态度或观点 文章出处推理题：判断文章可能来自于哪里，如报纸、杂志、小说等 依据原文：推理必须以文章内容为依据，不能主观臆断，要从字里行间寻找线索。 合理推断：根据文章提供的信息进行合理的逻辑推理，不要过度推理或推理出与文章内容相悖的结论。 关注细节：注意文章中的关键词、短语、句子的隐含意义，这些可能是推理的依据。 分析作者态度：通过作者使用的词汇、语气、论述方式等来判断其态度和观点，如褒义词表示积极态度，贬义词表示消极态度。 考虑文章风格：根据文章的体裁、内容和语言风格来推断其出处，例如，科普文章可能来自科学杂志，新闻报道可能来自报纸等。 词义猜测题 单词猜测题：猜测文章中某个生词的词义 短语猜测题：猜测短语的含义 句子猜测题：理解文章中某个句子的意思 利用上下文：通过生词或短语所在的上下文来推测其含义，注意上下文的逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列等。 分析构词法：如果是熟悉的词根、词缀构成的单词，可根据构词法知识来猜测词义。 代入法：将选项代入原文，看哪个选项能使句子的意思通顺、符合上下文逻辑。 注意标点符号：如破折号、括号、冒号等，往往对生词或短语有解释说明的作用。 对于句子猜测题，要结合上下文理解句子的深层含义，注意句子中的关键词和修辞手法。 ▲微观分析 一、细节理解题 1.直接信息题 （1）明确细节类 【题型举例】In the passage, it is stated that the library opens at 9 a.m. every day. Question: What time does the library open? 【要点分析】答案在文中直接给出，非常明确，考生只需找到相关句子，就能获取答案。 【答题技巧】根据题目中的关键词，如 “library” 和 “open”，快速定位到文中相应句子，直接得出答案 “9 a.m.”。 （2）排除干扰类 【题型举例】The article mentions that Tom likes apples, bananas, and oranges, but not strawberries. Question: Which fruit does Tom not like? 【要点分析】文中明确列出了 Tom 喜欢和不喜欢的水果，考生需要排除喜欢的水果，找出不喜欢的。 【答题技巧】仔细阅读相关内容，排除干扰信息，找到关键句 “but not strawberries”，得出答案 “strawberries”。 2.间接信息题 （1）简单推断类 【题型举例】The passage says that Lucy is two years older than Lily, and Lily is 10 years old. Question: How old is Lucy? 【要点分析】文中没有直接给出 Lucy 的年龄，但给出了她与 Lily 年龄的关系以及 Lily 的年龄，需要考生进行简单的计算和推断。 【答题技巧】根据已知信息 “Lucy is two years older than Lily” 和 “Lily is 10 years old”，可计算出 Lucy 的年龄为 “10 + 2 = 12” 岁。 （2）综合理解类 【题型举例】The text describes that John went to the park by bike. He saw many flowers and took some pictures. Then he sat on a bench and read a book. Question: How did John go to the park? What did he do in the park? 【要点分析】本题需要考生从多个句子中获取信息，综合理解后回答问题。对于 “How did John go to the park?”，答案直接在第一句；而对于 “What did he do in the park?”，则需要从后面的句子中总结。 【答题技巧】对于 “How did John go to the park?”，根据 “John went to the park by bike.” 得出答案 “By bike.”；对于 “What did he do in the park?”，综合 “He saw many flowers and took some pictures. Then he sat on a bench and read a book.”，可回答 “He saw many flowers, took some pictures and read a book.” 3.数字计算题 （1）价格计算类 【题型举例】A T - shirt in the store is on sale. The original price is $30, and it is now 20% off. Question: How much does the T - shirt cost now? 【要点分析】考生需要根据原价和折扣信息计算出现在的价格，涉及到简单的数学运算。 【答题技巧】计算方法是$30\times(1 - 20%) = 30\times0.8 = $24，得出答案 “$24”。 （2）时间计算类 【题型举例】The train leaves at 8:30 a.m. and arrives at the destination at 11:45 a.m. Question: How long does the train journey take? 【要点分析】需要计算两个时间点之间的时间差，要注意小时和分钟的换算。 【答题技巧】11 时 45 分 - 8 时 30 分 = 3 小时 15 分，得出答案 “3 hours and 15 minutes”。 4.顺序排列题 （1）事件排序类 【题型举例】The passage tells about a day in Mary's life. First, she got up at 6:30. Then she had breakfast. After that, she went to school. At school, she had classes until 12:00. Then she had lunch. In the afternoon, she played basketball with her friends. Finally, she went home at 5:00 p.m. Question: Please put the events in the correct order. 【要点分析】考生需要根据文中描述的时间顺序或事件发生的先后顺序对各个事件进行排序。 【答题技巧】按照文中的描述，正确顺序为 “got up - had breakfast - went to school - had classes - had lunch - played basketball - went home”。 （2）步骤排序类 【题型举例】The article introduces the process of making a kite. First, prepare the materials like paper, sticks, and string. Then, cut the paper into the shape of a kite. Next, attach the sticks to the paper. After that, tie the string to the kite. Finally, decorate the kite. Question: What is the correct order of making a kite? 【要点分析】与事件排序类似，本题是对制作风筝步骤的排序，需要考生准确把握每个步骤的先后顺序。 【答题技巧】根据文章内容，得出正确顺序为 “prepare materials - cut paper - attach sticks - tie string - decorate the kite”。 二、推理判断题 1.细节推理题 （1）针对具体细节推断 【题型举例】The boy looked at the broken window with a guilty expression. Question: What can we infer about the boy? 【要点分析】文中通过 “guilty expression”（愧疚的表情）这一细节描述，暗示男孩与打破窗户这件事有关。 【答题技巧】考生要仔细抓住 “guilty expression” 这个关键细节，结合生活常识进行合理推断，可得出 “The boy might have broken the window.”（男孩可能打破了窗户）的结论。 （2）根据多处细节综合推断 【题型举例】In the story, it mentions that the girl always carried a book with her, she often went to the library, and she spent her weekends reading in the park. Question: What can we learn about the girl? 【要点分析】需要综合 “always carried a book”“often went to the library”“spent weekends reading” 等多处细节来推断女孩的特点。 【答题技巧】综合这些细节可以推断出 “The girl is fond of reading.”（女孩喜欢阅读），即通过对多个细节的分析整合，得出关于人物的性格、爱好等方面的结论。 2.文章出处推理题 （1）来自报纸杂志 【题型举例】The passage is mainly about the latest scientific research on climate change. It presents detailed data and analysis. Question: Where is this passage most likely to be from? 【要点分析】文章内容是关于科学研究，且有详细数据和分析，符合报纸杂志中科学板块的特点。 【答题技巧】考虑到文章的专业性和内容特点，可推断出 “It is most likely from a science - related newspaper or magazine.”（它最有可能来自一份与科学相关的报纸或杂志）。要熟悉不同类型报纸杂志的内容风格，以便准确判断。 （2）来自网站 【题型举例】The text contains vivid pictures and interactive elements, and it also has links to other related topics. Question: Where does this passage probably come from? 【要点分析】有生动图片、互动元素和链接是网站文章的常见特征。 【答题技巧】根据这些特征可以推断 “Probably from a website.”（可能来自一个网站），要了解网站文章与其他媒介文章在形式和内容呈现上的区别。 3.观点态度推理题 （1）作者观点态度 【题型举例】The author describes the new technology as revolutionary and mentions its great potential to change people's lives. Question: What is the author's attitude towards the new technology? 【要点分析】通过 “revolutionary”（革命性的）和 “great potential”（巨大潜力）等词汇，可判断作者对新技术持积极肯定的态度。 【答题技巧】关注文中作者使用的描述性词汇和语句，分析其情感色彩，从而得出作者的观点态度，如本题中可得出 “The author has a positive attitude towards the new technology.”（作者对新技术持积极态度）。 （2）人物观点态度 【题型举例】In the story, Tom said, "I don't think this plan will work. It has too many flaws." Question: What is Tom's attitude towards the plan? 【要点分析】从 Tom 所说的话中 “don't think...will work” 和 “too many flaws”（太多缺陷）能明显看出他对计划的否定态度。 【答题技巧】直接根据人物的语言表述来判断其观点态度，本题答案为 “Tom has a negative attitude towards the plan.”（Tom 对计划持否定态度），要准确理解人物话语中的关键信息。 4.写作意图推理题 （1）说服读者 【题型举例】The passage lists many advantages of exercising regularly and encourages people to start an exercise routine. Question: What is the author's writing intention? 【要点分析】文章通过列举锻炼的好处并鼓励人们锻炼，目的是说服读者去进行定期锻炼。 【答题技巧】注意文中的劝说性语句和列举的相关好处，可得出 “The author intends to persuade readers to exercise regularly.”（作者意图说服读者定期锻炼），明确作者想要让读者采取的行动。 （2）告知信息 【题型举例】The article introduces the history and development of a famous brand. It provides detailed information about its products and market position. Question: Why did the author write this passage? 【要点分析】文章主要是在介绍品牌的各方面信息，目的是让读者了解该品牌。 【答题技巧】根据文章内容以介绍为主的特点，可判断出 “The author's purpose is to inform readers about the famous brand.”（作者的目的是告知读者关于这个著名品牌的信息），把握文章主要内容是判断写作意图的关键。 三、主旨大意题 1.标题归纳类 （1）文章主题明确，标题直接反映主题 【题型举例】文章主要讲述了大熊猫的生活习性、栖息地以及面临的生存威胁等内容。 问题：What would be the best title for this passage? 【要点分析】文章围绕大熊猫展开，介绍了其多方面的信息，所以标题应直接体现 “大熊猫” 这一主题。 【答题技巧】此类题目需要考生找出文章的核心话题，如本题中的 “大熊猫”，然后选择能准确概括该话题且涵盖文章主要内容的标题，如 “Giant Pandas: Their Lives and Challenges”。 （2）文章主题含蓄，标题需提炼隐含意义 【题型举例】文章讲述了一个小男孩在经历挫折后，通过努力最终实现梦想的故事，中间穿插了他的心理变化和成长历程。 问题：Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? 【要点分析】文章表面是讲小男孩的故事，但深层含义是关于梦想与成长。 【答题技巧】考生要深入理解文章内涵，挖掘出背后的主题思想，可选择 “From Dream to Reality: The Growth of a Boy” 这样的标题，既体现了故事的核心要素，又提炼出了隐含的成长主题。 2.段落大意归纳类 （1）首句点明段落主旨 【题型举例】段落首句为 “Nowadays, more and more people are interested in learning a foreign language.”，后面的内容围绕人们学习外语的原因、方式等展开。 问题：What is the main idea of this paragraph? 【要点分析】首句直接表明了段落主题是关于人们对外语学习的兴趣。 【答题技巧】对于这种类型的段落，考生只需抓住首句关键信息，就可概括出段落大意，如 “This paragraph mainly tells about the increasing interest of people in learning a foreign language.”。 （2）尾句总结段落主旨 【题型举例】段落先介绍了各种环保措施，如减少塑料使用、垃圾分类等，最后一句是 “These measures are crucial for protecting our environment and ensuring a sustainable future.”。 问题：What does this paragraph mainly talk about? 【要点分析】尾句总结了前面提到的环保措施的重要性，是对段落内容的概括。 【答题技巧】重点关注尾句，提炼出核心观点，可总结为 “The paragraph is about the importance of various environmental protection measures for a sustainable future.”。 （3）中间句概括段落主旨 【题型举例】段落开头描述了城市交通拥堵的现象，接着中间句提到 “Improving public transportation is a key solution to the traffic problem.”，后面则具体阐述了改善公共交通的方法和好处。 问题：What is the main idea of this paragraph? 【要点分析】中间句明确指出了改善公共交通是解决交通问题的关键，是段落的核心内容。 【答题技巧】需要考生在阅读过程中留意段落中间出现的概括性语句，像本题可概括为 “The main idea is that improving public transportation is the key to solving the urban traffic congestion problem.”。 2.文章主旨归纳类 （1）总分总结构文章 【题型举例】文章开头提出 “Technology has brought great changes to our daily lives.”，中间分别从通讯、交通、医疗等方面举例说明科技带来的变化，结尾总结 “Technology will continue to shape our future in more amazing ways.”。 问题：What is the main idea of the passage? 【要点分析】文章开头点明科技对生活有巨大影响，中间具体阐述，结尾再次强调科技对未来的作用，主旨明确。 【答题技巧】对于这种结构的文章，重点关注首尾段的关键句，综合概括出文章主旨，如 “This passage mainly discusses the great changes brought by technology to our daily lives and its influence on the future.”。 （2）总分结构文章 【题型举例】文章首段指出 “Reading has many benefits for people.”，接下来的段落分别从增长知识、提高思维能力、丰富情感等方面论述阅读的好处。 问题：What does the passage mainly talk about? 【要点分析】首段总领全文，表明阅读有诸多益处，后面段落进行具体说明。 【答题技巧】抓住首段的总起句，就能把握文章主旨，可总结为 “The passage is about the various benefits of reading for people.”。 （3）分总结构文章 【题型举例】文章先分别描述了不同国家的文化特色，如中国的春节习俗、法国的艺术氛围、美国的多元文化等，最后一段总结 “Cultural diversity makes the world a more interesting and colorful place.”。 问题：What is the main idea of this passage? 【要点分析】前面段落分别介绍各国文化，最后总结文化多样性的意义。 【答题技巧】关注尾段的总结句，概括出文章主旨为 “The passage mainly tells about the cultural diversity of different countries and its significance in making the world more interesting and colorful.”。 四、词义猜测题 1.生词猜测类 （1）根据定义或解释猜测词义 【题型举例】A “blog” is a personal online diary that people use to share their thoughts and experiences with others. Question: What does the word “blog” mean? 【要点分析】文中给出了 “blog” 的定义 “a personal online diary”，直接解释了该词的含义。 【答题技巧】当文中出现 “is, means, that is, in other words” 等标志性词语时，要留意其后对生词的解释，这往往就是该词的词义。 （2）根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义 【题型举例】The boy is very timid. He is afraid of speaking in public and always hides behind his mother. Question: What does “timid” mean? 【要点分析】通过 “He is afraid of speaking in public and always hides behind his mother” 可知，男孩害怕在公众场合说话且总躲在妈妈身后，可推测出 “timid” 是 “胆小的” 意思。 【答题技巧】利用上下文的因果、对比、并列等逻辑关系来推断生词的含义。如本题中通过描述男孩的行为表现来推断出 “timid” 的意思。 2.熟词生义类 （1）根据具体语境确定熟词的特殊含义 【题型举例】The runner tried to break the record in the race. Here “break” means . 【要点分析】“break” 常见含义是 “打破，打碎”，但在 “break the record” 这个短语中，结合语境可知是 “打破记录” 的意思，是熟词的特殊用法。 【答题技巧】遇到熟悉的单词时，不要立刻按照其常见词义去理解，要根据上下文语境判断它是否有特殊含义。 （2）根据词性变化猜测熟词新义 【题型举例】He is a good singer. He sings very well. Here “well” is used as _. 【要点分析】“well” 常见作副词，意为 “很好地”，但在 “He is a good singer” 中，“well” 作形容词，意为 “健康的”，这里考查了 “well” 词性变化后的不同含义。 【答题技巧】注意单词的词性变化，不同词性可能会有不同的词义，结合上下文确定其在具体语境中的词性和含义。 3.短语或句子猜测类 （1）根据短语构成和上下文猜测短语含义 【题型举例】The little girl looked forward to getting a new doll on her birthday. Question: What does “looked forward to” mean? 【要点分析】“look forward” 有 “向前看” 的意思，但 “looked forward to” 在句中结合 “getting a new doll on her birthday” 可知，小女孩是期待在生日得到新玩偶，所以 “looked forward to” 是 “期待，盼望” 的意思。 【答题技巧】分析短语的构成，再结合上下文语境来推测其含义。对于一些固定短语，要注意其特殊含义，不能仅从字面意思去理解。 （2）根据句子前后逻辑和语境猜测句子含义 【题型举例】“When pigs fly, he will pass the exam.” Question: What does the sentence mean? 【要点分析】“When pigs fly” 是一个习语，从字面上看是 “当猪飞起来的时候”，结合后面 “he will pass the exam” 可知，这句话是说他通过考试是不可能的，就像猪不可能飞起来一样。 【答题技巧】对于一些具有特殊含义的句子或习语，要根据句子前后的逻辑关系以及上下文语境来理解其真实含义，不能只看表面意思。 （建议用时：40分钟） 1 Chinese developer Game Science’s Black Myth: Wukong (《黑神话：悟空》) has become popular around the world and brought the story of Journey to the West back into the public attention in 2024. However, this isn’t the first time this has happened. People have been crazy about the story of Sun Wukong (Monkey King), who protects the monk Tang Sanzang on his journey for more than eighty years. Journey to the West’s journey to the West began in the late 19th century when Western missionaries (传教士) and diplomats (外交官) in China translated parts of the story into English. The story became popular in the West because of British scholar Arthur Waley’s translation in 1942. But Waley’s book only included 30 chapters (章节), because he preferred an easy-to- read style. Then he shortened the text and left out parts he considered less important, including some small characters. It wasn’t until 1983 that Chinese American scholar Anthony C． Yu published the first complete English translation of Journey to the West. Drawing on traditional Chinese culture, Black Myth: Wukong’s storyline and characters may be difficult to understand for many players, especially those from Western countries. For example, the names of some characters and weapons (武器) in the game, such as Erlang Shen and Jingubang, are written with the names in Chinese pinyin. Players who don’t know how to read or speak Chinese might feel lost in these novel words. In English, the popular translation for Tang Sanzang is “Tripitaka”. Sanzang refers to the monk’s task to get the Sanzangjing (三藏经). Tripitaka is Sanskrit (梵语) term for the Sanzangjing, making it a suitable translation. Sha Wujing is translated as “Sandy” in English. This translation stays true to his surname “sha”, meanng “sand” in English. It also sounds similar to the word “sandi”, meaning “the third brother” in Chinese. 1．What is Wukong’s tasks according to the passage? A．To finish the game: Black Myth: Wukong. B．To play with the Western players. C．To translate Journey to the West into English. D．To protect the monk Tang Sanzang. 2．Who first translated Journey to the West into English? A．Western missionaries and diplomats in China. B．British scholar Arthur Waley and diplomats. C．Chinese American scholar Anthony C． Yu. D．Western players and western missions. 3．Why some western players may not play Black Myth: Wukong well? A．Because they know little English for the story line in the game. B．Because they know little about the storyline of Journey to the West in the game. C．Because they know little Chinese pinyin for the characters and weapons in the game. D．B and C both are right. 4．Which is NOT TRUE from the last paragraph? A．Tang Sanzang is translated into “Tripitaka” in English. B．Tripitaka is Sanskrit term for the Sanzangjing. C．Chinese “sha” means “the third brother” in English. D．“Sandy” is Sha Wujing’s English name. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了《西游记》的西行之旅始于19世纪末，当时在中国的西方传教士和外交官将部分故事翻译成英语。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People have been crazy about the story of Sun Wukong (Monkey King), who protects the monk Tang Sanzang on his journey for more than eighty years.”可知，80多年来，人们一直热衷于孙悟空保护唐三藏的故事，由此可知，孙悟空的任务是保护唐三藏。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Journey to the West’s journey to the West began in the late 19th century when Western missionaries and diplomats in China translated parts of the story into English.”可知，《西游记》的西行之旅始于19世纪末，当时在中国的西方传教士和外交人员将部分故事翻译成英语。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Drawing on traditional Chinese culture, Black Myth: Wukong’s storyline and characters may be difficult to understand for many players, especially those from Western countries.”可知，借鉴中国传统文化，黑神话悟空的故事情节和人物可能让许多玩家难以理解，尤其是西方国家的玩家。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It also sounds similar to the word ‘sandi’, meaning ‘the third brother’ in Chinese.”可知，它也听起来像“sandi”这个词，在汉语中是“三弟”的意思。故选C。 2 All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly (环保的) way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗涤池) and toilets that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．How does the writer explain the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By sharing reasons. D．By giving examples. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To protect the plants. B．To save materials. C．To save energy. D．To protect the buildings. 3．What can be the best title for the text? A．Recycling Materials. B．Designing Buildings. C．Going Green. D．Using Energy. 4．What do we know about a green building? A．It uses more materials than other buildings. B．It is built in an environment-friendly way. C．It is usually painted green outside. D．It is designed by famous architects. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了绿色建筑的概念、设计要点以及世界各地的绿色建筑实例，强调了绿色建筑对保护环境的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles!”可知，作者通过列举澳大利亚墨尔本的办公楼、英国伦敦的文化中心和泰国的寺庙这些例子，来解释世界各地的建筑是如何采用节能、节水和使用环保材料的方式实现绿色环保的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师设计建筑使用自然光的目的是为了节约能源。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。文章开篇指出世界各地的建筑都在走向绿色，接着介绍了绿色建筑的概念、实现绿色的方式以及相关实例，核心围绕“绿色建筑”展开，“走向绿色”能够很好地概括文章主旨。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以环保的方式建造的。故选B。 3 You see a snake while hiking! Your heart is racing, your hands feel like ice, and you breathe faster to take in more air. You are experiencing an important emotion: fear. Some scientists believe we are born with fear: the fear of falling and loud sounds. But we learn most fear. We are scared of snakes after a certain experience, like being bitten, or seeing other people bitten by a snake. Another way to learn fear is from the spoken words or written notes. We may not know that a snake is scary, until our parents say snakes are dangerous. What’s more, fear can be catching. When we see our friends cry, we will be influenced by them. But where does fear come from? It starts in a part of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核). The amygdala receives what we see, hear or smell and finds out how much it stands out to us. It then tells the heart to beat faster and the body to sweat. Another part of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) is closely connected with the amygdala. It helps the brain read the possible danger and find out whether the danger is real. Seeing a lion in the wild can cause strong fear, but the sight of the same lion at a zoo only brings us fun and the thought that the lion is cute. This is because the hippocampus is telling us there’s no need to worry about it. So, we feel less afraid when signals (信号) from the hippocampus overpower (胜过) the amygdala. Actually, no one is fearless. Brave people still feel fear like everyone else—the difference is in how they handle it. People who work in dangerous jobs, like firemen, learn to manage their fear by practicing. In this way, they can act automatically (自动地) in dangerous situations, although they might be really scared at that time. They are also able to quiet (平息) their fear because they believe they have the knowledge to solve the problem. Fear is a natural human emotion that we all experience. We should learn about it and live with it. 1．How many ways to learn fear are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two C．Three. D．Four. 2．How does the hippocampus work in our brain? A．It helps us calm down. B．It tells our heart to beat faster. C．It records the fear we experience. D．It collects the information around. 3．What does the underlined word “handle” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．go over B．suffer from C．deal with D．depend on 4．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了“恐惧”这种情绪，包括来源、产生过程、解决办法等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“We are scared of snakes after a certain experience…”、“Another way to learn fear is from the spoken words or written notes”和“What’s more, fear can be catching”可知，有三种方式去学习“恐惧”这种情绪。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“So, we feel less afraid when signals (信号) from the hippocampus overpower (胜过) the amygdala.”可知，海马体的作用是帮助大脑判断危险是否真实，从而帮助我们冷静下来。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据后文“People who work in dangerous jobs, like firemen, learn to manage their fear by practicing. In this way, they can act automatically (自动地) in dangerous situations, although they might be really scared at that time.”可知，从事危险工作的人，会通过练习来控制恐惧问题，故可推断划线词应表示“处理，解决”。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题，第二段接着介绍恐惧的来源，第三段和第四段介绍恐惧的产生及如何处理恐惧，最后一段总结。因此B项符合。故选B。 4 We know many musical instruments well, such as pianos, violins and drums. What about the erhu? The erhu is a traditional Chinese instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history. The modern erhu developed from the xiqin. It was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty (朝代). In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to play different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an important accompanying (伴奏) instrument in different folk music. At present, it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu is Erquan Yingyue. As the erhu was mainly played by common people and the playing skills were passed down orally (口头地), there are few written records about the erhu. To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings. Some huqin pictures were found in Yulin Caves (榆林窟) and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves (东千佛洞) in Gansu. 1．What is true about the erhu? A．It has a long history. B．It is a western instrument. C．It comes from the drum family. D．It is popular with young people. 2．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指的是)? A．Erhu. B．Music. C．Huqin. D．Xiqin. 3．When did the erhu develop quickly? A．During Han Dynasty. B．During Tang Dynasty. C．During Ming and Qing Dynasties. D．During Qin Dynasty. 4．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To encourage us to learn erhu. B．To tell us the history about erhu. C．To help us enjoy some erhu works. D．To ask us to protect the erhu music. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要告诉我们关于二胡的历史。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history.”可知，二胡有很长的历史。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The modern erhu developed from the xiqin. It was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty (朝代).”可知，前一句提到“现代二胡由奚琴发展而来”，因此划线词“It”指的是“奚琴”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.”可知，明清时期，随着民间艺术的兴起，二胡艺术迅速发展，故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕二胡的历史发展展开，从起源、唐代到明清的演变，再到现代应用，因此文章主要告诉我们关于二胡的历史。故选B。 5 He Jing, 36, has become the first Chinese woman to climb all 14 of the world’s mountains over 8,000 metres without supplemental oxygen (辅助氧气). She finished her journey at the 8,027-metre Mount Shishapangma in Xizang in October 9th, 2024. Born in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province (省), He Jing didn’t see a mountain until she was 18. In 2012, she climbed her first snow mountain, Mount Siguniang in Sichuan Province. From then on, she climbed nearly every snow mountain in China. Her first 8,000-metre summit (登顶) came in 2016 when she climbed Cho Oyu. “After Cho Oyu, I felt strong enough to try without oxygen,” He Jing said. He Jing began her oxygen-free climbing journey in 2017. She reached the summit of Manaslu that year. She followed it with Makalu in 2018, Annapurna in 2019, Dhaulagiri in 2021, Qomolangma, Lhotse, K2, and Broad Peak in 2022, then Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Gasherbrum Ⅱ, Gasherbrum Ⅰ, and Cho Oyu in 2023. Mount Shishapangma was the final mountain in this amazing challenge. Right now, He Jing has a dream - to climb Mount Qomolangma from the north side. “Next year marks the 50th anniversary (周年) of the first Chinese woman to summit Mount Qomolangma. In 1975, China’s Panduo became the first woman in the world to summit from the north side. I want to do something to honor (致敬) her,” she said. 1．When did He Jing complete her journey to climb all 14 of the world’s mountains over 8,000 meters? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2022. D．In 2024. 2．Which mountain was He Jing’s first 8,000-meter summit? A．Mount Siguniang. B．Cho Oyu. C．Manaslu. D．Mount Shishapangma. 3．Why does He Jing want to climb Mount Qomolangma from the north side? A．To challenge this amazing mountain. B．To celebrate a special anniversary. C．To honor a Chinese woman, Pando. D．To begin an oxygen-free climbing. 4．What can you mainly learn from the text? A．He’s mountain climbing experiences and future plans. B．All the 14 mountains in the world over 8,000 meters. C．How to climb mountains without supplemental oxygen. D．The positions of different mountains in every province. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了何静成为首位无氧攀登14座8000米以上高峰的中国女性，介绍了她的登山经历以及未来计划——从北坡攀登珠穆朗玛峰以向中国女性潘多致敬。 1．细节理解题。根据“She finished her journey at the 8,027-metre Mount Shishapangma in Xizang in October 9th, 2024.”可知，何静在2024年完成了攀登14座8000米以上高峰的旅程，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Her first 8,000-metre summit (登顶) came in 2016 when she climbed Cho Oyu.”可知，何静在2016年首次登顶的8000米高峰是卓奥友峰，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Next year marks the 50th anniversary (周年) of the first Chinese woman to summit Mount Qomolangma. In 375, China’s Panduo became the first woman in the world to summit from the north side. I want to do something to honor (致敬) her”可知，何静想从北坡攀登珠穆朗玛峰是为了向潘多致敬，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了何静攀登14座8000米以上高峰的经历以及她未来从北坡攀登珠穆朗玛峰的计划，故选A。 6 You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at 90° angle to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 1．What should you consider first while sailing? A．Sailor’s strength. B．Wave levels. C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails. 2．If the wind blows from the side, you should ________. A．always keep the sail outside the boat B．keep the sail at 45° angle to the boat C．keep the sail at 90° angle to the boat D．always keep the sail near the boat 3．Which one below is tacking mentioned in the last paragraph? A． B． C． D． 4．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a history textbook. B．In a tourist guidebook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an official report. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了帆船运动的基本规则，特别是一些关于风的基本规则。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“First, you must ask yourself, ‘Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?’”可知，帆船运动时首先要考虑的是风向。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be 45° angle to the boat.”可知，当风从侧面吹来时，帆应与船成45度角。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking.”可知，tacking是指帆船逆风行驶时，通过改变方向来前进。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，本文主要讲述了帆船运动的基本规则，特别是一些关于风的基本规则，属于科学知识的范畴，因此最可能出现在科学杂志中。故选C。 7 Last Sunday, Mark’s grandma invited him to her pottery studio. He was excited, because Grandma didn’t give her other grandsons such an invitation. As soon as Mark stepped into the studio, he began to look forward to putting his hands into some wet clay and placing his bowl into the hot kiln (窑). “Be careful with that,” Grandma said as Mark picked up one of her bowls. The boy carefully put the bowl back on the table. Then Grandma showed him some of her bowls and asked him to make one himself. Mark started happily. However, five hours later, Mark was sad. His first bowl, a blue one, looked more like a rock. His second bowl, a red one, was hardly any better. “I’ll never make it!” Mark said angrily, looking at his work. Hearing this, Grandma stopped what she was doing and went to Mark. After seeing what he had made, she said, “Don’t worry. You just need to be more patient.” She sat next to Mark and helped him with his work. About one and a half hours later, they finished making a beautiful yellow bowl together. Mark was happy when he looked at his work. “Thanks,” he said to Grandma. Grandma looked at him and smiled. “You’re great. Remember not to give up easily no matter what you do in the future,” she said. Mark said he would follow Grandma’s words. 1．How did Mark feel when he first arrived at the studio? A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 2．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The kiln. B．The clay. C．The hand. D．The bowl. 3．How did Mark’s relationship with his grandma probably be after the visit to the pottery studio? A．Mark lost interest in spending time with his grandma. B．They became closer and understood each other more. C．They started fighting and not agreeing with each other more often. D．Mark’s grandma was not happy with his pottery skills and felt down. 4．What’s the main idea of the story? A．Be happy with what you have. B．Parents are children’s best teachers. C．Don’t give up in the face of difficulties. D．Don’t be afraid to ask for help when in trouble. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文介绍了马克的奶奶邀请他去她的陶艺工作室制作碗的经历，马克从这次经历学到了不要轻易放弃。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was excited, because Grandma didn’t give her other grandsons such an invitation.”可知，马克刚到工作室时感觉兴奋。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“‘Be careful with that,’ Grandma said as Mark picked up one of her bowls.”可知，奶奶看到马克拿起碗的时候说的要小心，因此划线词“that”指代的是碗。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Mark was happy when he looked at his work. ‘Thanks,’ he said to Grandma.”及“Mark said he would follow Grandma’s words.”可知，马克参观陶艺工作室后，马克和他奶奶变得更加亲密，也更加了解彼此。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Remember not to give up easily no matter what you do in the future”及全文可知，本文主要说的是马克去奶奶的工作室制作碗，马克失败了，奶奶鼓励他不要轻易放弃，并帮助他完成了一个漂亮的黄色碗。因此C选项“在困难面前不要放弃”能够概括文章的主题。故选C。 8 In recent years, we often see people wearing Hanfu on the street. At first, I thought these Hanfu fans, especially those who wore the clothing regularly, were a bit strange. After an interview with the promoter (推广者), Wang Tianjiao, I started to step into its world. Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. It has been around for about 3,000 years and changed greatly across different dynasties. And now quite a few Hanfu clubs have been set up in universities. Members usually wear Hanfu at their graduation ceremonies or during holidays. Some even wear Hanfu on regular days, too. And these fans created a special day—China Hanfu Day to celebrate traditional Chinese clothing. It falls on the third day of the third month in Chinese lunar calendar. Wang believes in what she loves. She wears Hanfu in public and takes photos dressed in it for Sina Weibo so that other people can learn about it. She told me, “The return of Hanfu is not about turning back the clock, but about passing down our culture.” 1．Where is you ren when you wear Hanfu? A．On the right part of Hanfu. B．On the left part of Hanfu. C．At the back of Hanfu. D．At the bottom of Hanfu. 2．According to the picture, which does Hanfu have instead of buttons (纽扣)? A．Jiao ling. B．You ren. C．Ji dai. D．Ribbon. 3．What can we infer from the article? A．China Hanfu Day is on May 3rd this year. B．People started wearing Hanfu during the Qing Dynasty. C．Wang Tianjiao loves traditional Chinese Han clothing. D．Wearing Hanfu is about turning back the clock. 4．In which column of a newspaper can we find the article? A．Our Culture B．Science Study C．University History D．Tour Guide 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了汉服在大学中的流行以及汉服爱好者们如何通过穿着汉服来传承中国传统文化。文章还提到了中国汉服日的设立及其意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章中的图片描述，“右衽”位于汉服的右侧。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中的图片描述，汉服通常使用“系带”而非“纽扣”来固定衣物。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Wang believes in what she loves. She wears Hanfu in public and takes photos dressed in it for Sina Weibo so that other people can learn about it.”可知，王天娇热爱中国传统汉服，并通过穿着汉服和拍照来推广汉服文化。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了汉服文化的传承和推广，因此最可能出现在报纸的“我们的文化”栏目中。故选A。 9 Writing a good story is no easy task. What’s the secret? Mo Yan, the 2012 Nobel Prize winner in literature, believes his success comes from doing a lot of reading. Mo was born into a farming family in a village in Shandong province. He grew up listening to folk stories about gods, spirits and foxes. Those stories later became the inspiration for Mo’s writing. Mo left school at the age of 12 and started to work in the fields. Although he was tired after his daily hard work, Mo was always hungry for books. However, there were very few in the village. He read his older brother’s textbooks and even dictionaries. He also helped others with farm work in exchange for books. “When I finished reading all the books around, I thought I was the most knowledgeable man in the world,” he told Xinhua. After Mo left his hometown and joined the army in 1976, he began to read widely, including works by Lu Xun and many other famous writers. He studied from these writers but did not copy them. Instead, he developed his own style. “I grew up in an environment filled with folk culture. It enters my novels whenever I pick up a pen. This has influenced, even decided, my style,” Mo told a group of reporters in his hometown after he won the award. As the first Chinese person to win a Nobel Prize in literature, the organization spoke highly of his works. They said his writing is where fantasy and reality meet, bringing together historical and social perspectives (看法). 1．What inspired Mo Yan’s writing? A．Working in the fields. B．His family members. C．His education at school. D．Stories he heard as a child. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．What Mo Yan did at school. B．How Mo Yan tried to get books to read. C．What types of books Mo Yan preferred to read. D．Why Mo Yan helped others with farm work. 3．How did Mo Yan feel after reading all the books he could find? A．He felt bored. B．He felt empty. C．He felt proud. D．He felt puzzled. 4．What did the Nobel Prize organization say about Mo Yan’s writing? A．It is focused on folk stories. B．It mixes fantasy and reality. C．It tries to solve social problems. D．It is largely based on historical events. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言的创作灵感来源、求学及阅读经历，还介绍了诺贝尔文学奖组织对其作品的高度评价，展现了莫言文学成就背后的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据原文“He grew up listening to folk stories about gods, spirits and foxes. Those stories later became the inspiration for Mo’s writing.”可知，他小时候听的故事是他写作的灵感来源。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲莫言12岁辍学后，尽管村里书少，但他通过读哥哥的课本、字典，帮人干农活换书等方式获取书籍来阅读，核心是讲述他如何努力获取书来读。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据原文“When I finished reading all the books around, I thought I was the most knowledgeable man in the world.”可知，他觉得自己是世界上最有学问的人，说明他很骄傲。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据原文“They said his writing is where fantasy and reality meet”可知，诺贝尔奖组织认为他的作品融合了幻想与现实。故选B。 10 It seems you can ask artificial intelligence (AI) programs anything, and they’ll give you an answer. So, can they tell jokes? This question was raised by UK comedian (喜剧演员) Karen Hobbs in one of her shows in June last year. Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs told jokes written by ChatGPT. When Hobbs asked ChatGPT for a joke, it gave one about a man joking about getting bored with his shopping-obsessed (痴迷于购物的) girlfriend. Even when she asked to tell it from a woman’s perspective (视角), it was still a shopping-obsessed girlfriend but told in the first person. It’s no surprise that many jokes by AI come from a man’s perspective, as men are much more common in comedy. The BBC said that AI storytelling can only create stories based on (基于) what is already there. A good joke in real life can always change based on the audience’s reaction (反应). This is a skill that often leads comedians to improvise (即兴创作). That’s something that AI can’t do for now. For example, in improv, comedians don’t make preparations. They depend only on their natural reaction to the audience. However, that could change. Research is already being done to give AI a greater understanding of the world around it, which makes the future of AI jokes still uncertain (难预料的). 1．What did the UK comedian Karen Hobbs do in one of her shows last June? A．She told her own jokes. B．She sang a song. C．She asked AI to tell jokes. D．She danced on stage. 2．What kind of joke did ChatGPT tell when Hobbs asked for one? A．A joke about a man who loves cooking. B．A joke about a couple who love traveling. C．A joke about a child who loves playing games. D．A joke about a woman who loves shopping. 3．Why do many AI jokes seem to be from a man’s perspective? A．Because men write most of the jokes. B．Because AI prefers men’s jokes. C．Because men are more common in comedy. D．Because women don’t like jokes. 4．What does the future of AI jokes look like according to the passage? A．It’s uncertain and still being researched. B．It’s certain and bright. C．AI will never be able to tell jokes. D．AI jokes are already better than human jokes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了人工智能是否能讲笑话以及人工智能笑话的特点和局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据“Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs told jokes written by ChatGPT.”可知，去年6月，英国喜剧演员Karen Hobbs在她的一档节目中邀请人工智能讲笑话。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“it gave one about a man joking about getting bored with his shopping-obsessed (痴迷于购物的) girlfriend.”以及后文“it was still a shopping-obsessed girlfriend”可知，ChatGPT讲述了一个喜欢购物的女人的笑话。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s no surprise that many jokes by AI come from a man’s perspective, as men are much more common in comedy.”可知，许多人工智能笑话似乎都是从男性的角度出发，是因为男性在喜剧中更常见。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Research is already being done to give AI a greater understanding of the world around it, which makes the future of AI jokes still uncertain ( 难预料的)”可知，人工智能笑话的未来是不确定的，仍在研究中。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$