精品解析：北京市第十一中学顺义学校2024-2025学年高一下学期3月考试英语试题

北京市十一学校顺义学校2024级第三学段3月份阶段性测试 英语 第一部分: 知识运用（共三节, 35分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题: 每小题1.5分, 共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上涂黑。 Hair was once my biggest concern. While my classmates had long, silky hair down their backs, my hair was short and curly. I was quite ____1____. “Your hair doesn’t define you. It is beautiful,” my mother would try to comfort me. However, her ____2____ did little to calm me. Why couldn’t I have long hair like everyone else? I no longer wanted to stand out. I wanted to ____3____ and be accepted. It wasn’t that I hated my hair, but rather I believed others did. I was afraid it would be regarded ugly by my classmates. I also worried if they learned I wore extensions (接发), I would be ____4____. This was an ongoing struggle that I kept secret. At school, I faced lots of questions about my hair. “Does your hair even grow? Are those extensions or your real hair?” In tenth grade, I ____5____. I realized I had two options. I could either believe my classmates were truly ____6____ or consider the questions as judgments. Actually, their ____7____ didn’t matter. I could choose not to base my happiness on what I believed others thought of me, but on my own ____8____. Over the next two years, I pushed myself out of my comfort zone and engaged in various school or social activities, where I was surrounded by different people. Wearing my ____9____ hair, I made it my mission to stand out. I developed into a more confident person. I no longer live my life limited by what I believe others think of me. I don’t hide behind extensions and if I choose to wear them I do so ____10____ and am no longer secretive. Now, I wear my hair and live my life however I desire. 1. A. thrilled B. surprised C. confused D. embarrassed 2. A. decision B. support C. answer D. expectation 3. A. fit in B. get ahead C. reach out D. move on 4. A. stopped B. challenged C. defeated D. judged 5. A. struggled B. explored C. changed D. hesitated 6. A. curious B. helpful C. awkward D. troubled 7. A. opinions B. concerns C. explanations D. descriptions 8. A. goals B. skills C. standards D. strengths 9. A. silky B. messy C. stylish D. natural 10. A. eagerly B. proudly C. hopefully D. seriously 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经为了融入同学，选择戴假发来遮掩自己的头发，后来作者变得自信了，开始接受自己，不再遮遮掩掩。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很尴尬。A. thrilled激动的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. confused困惑的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Hair was once my biggest concern. While my classmates had long, silky hair down their backs, my hair was short and curly.(头发曾经是我最关心的问题。我的同学都是长长的、柔滑的头发，而我的头发是短而卷曲的)”可知，作者因为自己的头发而尴尬。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的支持并没有让我平静下来。A. decision决定；B. support支持；C. answer回答；D. expectation期待。根据上文“Your hair doesn’t define you. It is beautiful(你的头发不能定义你。它很美)”可知，母亲支持作者。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想融入并被接受。A. fit in融入；B. get ahead取得成功；C. reach out伸出手；D. move on前进。根据后文“and be accepted”可知，作者想要融入同学，被接受。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还担心，如果他们知道我戴了假发，会对我评头论足。A. stopped停止；B. challenged挑战；C. defeated击败；D. judged评判，判断。根据上文“I also worried if they learned I wore extensions, I would be”以及后文“This was an ongoing struggle that I kept secret.(这是一场我一直保密的斗争)”可知，作者担心同学知道自己带了假发会评判自己，后文“consider the questions as judgments”也是提示。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年级时，我变了。A. struggled努力；B. explored探索；C. changed改变；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“I realized I had two options. I could either believe my classmates were truly ____6____ or consider the questions as judgments.”可知，作者十年级对自己的头发的看法发生了改变。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我要么相信我的同学们真的很好奇，要么把这些问题当作判断。A. curious好奇的；B. helpful有用的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. troubled不安的。根据上文“Does your hair even grow? Are those extensions or your real hair?(你的头发还会长吗？这是接发还是你的真头发？)”以及后文“or consider the questions”可知，同学对作者的头发有很多疑问，说明是好奇的。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们的意见并不重要。A. opinions意见；B. concerns担心；C. explanations解释；D. descriptions描述。根据上文“At school, I faced lots of questions about my hair. “Does your hair even grow? Are those extensions or your real hair?”(在学校，我面对很多关于头发的问题。“你的头发还长吗？这是假发还是你的真头发？”)”可知，此处指同学对于作者头发表的意见。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以选择不把我的幸福建立在别人对我的看法上，而是建立在我自己的标准上。A. goals目标；B. skills技能；C. standards标准；D. strengths优点。根据上文“I could choose not to base my happiness on what I believed others thought of me, but on my own”可知，作者不再看重别人的意见，即选择不把幸福建立在别人对自己的看法上，而是建立在自己的标准上。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留着我天生的头发，我把脱颖而出作为自己的使命。A. silky丝绸的；B. messy混乱的；C. stylish时髦的；D. natural天生的。根据后文“I developed into a more confident person. I no longer live my life limited by what I believe others think of me.(我成长为一个更自信的人。我的生活不再局限于别人对我的看法)”可知，作者变得更自信了，说明不再戴假发，留着自己天生的头发。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不会躲在假发后面，如果我选择戴假发，我会骄傲地戴，不再遮遮掩掩。A. eagerly渴望地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. seriously严肃地。根据上文“I don’t hide behind extensions and if I choose to wear them I do so”以及后文“Now, I wear my hair and live my life however I desire.(现在，我梳着我的头发，过着我想要的生活)”可知，作者变得自信，不会躲在假发后面，即使选择戴假发，也会骄傲地戴，不再遮遮掩掩。故选B。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 More Chinese senior citizens ___11___ (become) active users of We-chat in recent years, according to a recent study. The study aims to learn about the digital life of people above the age of 55. The report shows elderly users spend around 1.37 hours ___12___ We-chat every day and have 104 We-chat friends on average. The report says that 50.3% of elderly users learn how to use We-chat from their children or grandchildren suggesting that family members should be more patient when they introduce new ___13___ (technology) to elderly people. 【答案】11. have become 12. on 13. technologies 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究，介绍了老年人使用微信的现状以及他们学习使用微信的途径。 【11题详解】 考查现在完成时。 句意：根据最近的一项研究，越来越多的中国老年人成为微信的活跃用户。此处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知，这个句子使用了现在完成时，且主语为名词复数。故填have become。 【12题详解】 考查固定短语。 句意：报告显示，老年用户每天大约花费1.37小时在微信上，平均有104个微信好友。此处为固定搭配“spend time on sth.”，表示“花费时间在某事上”符合句意，所以此处使用介词on。故填on。 【13题详解】 考查名词复数。 句意：报告指出，50.3%的老年用户是从他们的子女或孙辈那里学会使用微信的，这表明家庭成员在向老年人介绍新技术时应该更有耐心。此处“technology”作为可数名词，表示“技术”，空前无限定词，所以此处需用名词复数形式。故填technologies。 B 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many animals, including some insects, bats and most birds, can fly. But birds are different from other animals ___14___ they are the only living animals that have feathers. Birds have feathers to keep them ___15___ (warmth) and dry and help them to fly. Feathers get worn and ragged during flying, so birds get rid of their feathers and grow new ones. ___16___ (keep) their feathers in good shape, birds clean them and smooth them out with their beaks (鸟喙) all the time. 【答案】14. because 15. warm 16. To keep 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鸟类的羽毛特性以及作用。 【14题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：但是鸟类与其他动物不同，因为它们是唯一有羽毛的动物。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because。故填because。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鸟类有羽毛来保持它们的温暖和干燥，并帮助它们飞行。“keep+宾语+形容词”表示“使……处于某种状态”，此处用形容词 warm 作宾语补足语，故填warm。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使它们的羽毛保持良好的形状，鸟类一直用喙清理它们并使它们光滑。此处keep作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填To keep。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Koshiba had a legendary life. He is a Japanese physician ___17___ dream was to become a soldier or musician when he was a kid. Unfortunately, his dream was broken when his right hand ___18___ (damage) by polio (小儿麻痹症). While in the hospital, he read Albert Einstein’s books and became ___19___ (interest) in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, ___20___ he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world you can achieve despite poor academic records,” Koshiba said. “What counts most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.” 【答案】17. whose 18. was damaged 19. interested 20. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了日本物理学家小柴昌俊从童年梦想的破灭到成为杰出物理学家的经历。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。 句意：他是一个日本医生，他小时候的梦想是成为一名士兵或音乐家。此处考查定语从句，先行词是“Japanese physician”，从句中缺少定语，需用关系代词“whose”表示“……的”。故填whose。 【18题详解】 考查一般过去时的被动语态。 句意：不幸的是，他的梦想被小儿麻痹症破坏了。 damage 在句子里充当谓语，此处“his right hand”与“damage”之间是被动关系，且描述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was damaged。 【19题详解】 考查形容词短语。 句意：在医院期间，他阅读了爱因斯坦的书籍，并对物理学产生了兴趣。此处为固定短语“become interested in”结构，表示“对……产生兴趣”。故填interested。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。 句意：他在高中时从未在物理课上名列前茅，但后来继续在东京大学学习，然后是罗切斯特大学，在那里他获得了博士学位。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词the University of Rochester，指地点，所以此处需用关系副词where。故填where。 第三节选词填空（共5小题; 每小题1分, 共5分） 根据句意, 从所给方框中选择词汇并使用其恰当形式完成句子, 每词只使用一次。 escape ambitious come across operation passionate 21. Rescue teams will use trained dogs and search and rescue vehicles to complete rescue _____________________. 22. After hundreds of failed experiments, Tu Youyou and her team eventually ___________ a promising chemical. 23. Despite severe injuries, Christopher Reeve became a ___________ and energetic advocate for others suffering back injuries and disabilities. 24. When the boat went over the edge into the inside of the whirlpool, the storyteller felt there was no __________ and they would sink into the sea. 25. Roald Amundsen and Captain Scott waited anxiously for spring because they both had the _________ goal of being the first to reach the South Pole. 【答案】21. operations 22. came across 23. passionate 24 escape 25. ambitious 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：救援队将使用训练有素的警犬和搜救车辆来完成救援行动。根据“trained dogs and search and rescue vehicles to complete rescue”以及句意“行动”可知应用名词operation，句中表示多种具体的救援行动用，复数形式，故填operations。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：经过数百次失败的实验，屠呦呦和她的团队最终发现了一种很有前途的化学物质。根据“a promising chemical”以及句意“发现”可知应用动词短语come across，描述的是过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填came across。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管身受重伤，克里斯托弗·里夫仍然成为了一位充满激情和活力的倡导者，为其他遭受背部受伤和残疾的人发声。根据“and energetic advocate for others suffering back injuries and disabilities”以及句意“充满激情的”可知应用形容词passionate，修饰名词advocate。故填passionate。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：当船越过边缘进入漩涡的内部时，讲故事的人觉得他们无法逃脱，他们会沉入大海。根据“they would sink into the sea”以及句意“逃脱”可知应用名词escape，no escape表示“没有逃脱的可能”，故填escape。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：罗尔德·阿蒙森和斯科特船长焦急地等待着春天的到来，因为他们都有成为第一个到达南极点的雄心勃勃的目标。根据“being the first to reach the South Pole”以及句意“雄心勃勃的”可知应用形容词ambitious，修饰名词goal。故填ambitious。 第二部分: 阅读理解（38分） 第一节（共14 小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 26. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A. a friend B. a pet sitter C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel 27. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A. Call the insurance company. B. Check the license from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 28. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. 【答案】26. B 27. B 28. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在主人外出旅行时，照顾并安置家中宠物的四种方式。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据Pet sitter中“This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates.(这是一个很好的选择，可以让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中，你会收到定期的更新)”可知，选择宠物保姆能让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中。故选B项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据Home boarder中“You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training.(你可以很容易地从当地议会找到并查看他们的家庭宠物执照，以及他们的保险细节和培训)”可知，想要给宠物找一个合适的寄宿家庭，可以查一下当地议会的家庭宠物执照。故选B项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable.(宠物是我们家庭一部分，所以当你计划不带它们一起旅行时，把它们考虑进去是很重要的。宠物慈善机构蓝十字会建议提前做好计划，这样你就知道你的宠物会过得很舒服)”可知，本文是写给不计划带宠物出去旅行，而想要宠物得到照顾的人看的。由此推知，“一个要出差的养宠物的人”会觉得这篇文章有用。故选D项。 B After the deadly hurricane in October, Taylor Schenker, who lives in Canton, North Carolina, near hard-hit Asheville, went for a walk with her friend to check out the homes destroyed in the disaster. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners. Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families. The next day, Schenker went back to collect the photos and ended up finding more — about 200 of them — containing school portraits, birthday cards, and images of childhood friends and families on vacation. She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them. Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page — a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos. She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners. Schenker took the photos home, cleaned them off, and organized them into folders and bins for safekeeping until they could be returned to their owners. Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work. In one instance, Becky Tate and her daughter both recognized their photos on the online page. Tate’s daughter, Nancy, commented that her mom was in tears when they made the discovery. “The process is definitely fulfilling” Schenker said. “It’s enjoyable to witness the moment when a photograph is returned to its rightful owner, and to observe people in the comments mentioning each other and sharing their thoughts and saying, ‘Oh my gosh, you just reminded me of this moment in my life that I had totally forgotten about.’” She said she chose the name for her page because most of the photos they’ve seen come out of the hurricane show the devastation (破坏) left behind—but her Photos from Helene are happy memories of Asheville and the lives there. 29. What can we know about the photos on Schenker’s page? A. They were all proof of the hurricane. B. They were seriously damaged in the storm. C. They were left behind by some families on purpose. D. They were discovered in areas impacted by the hurricane. 30. Which sentence best expresses Schenker’s motivation for her page? A. “The hurricane destroyed everything in its path.” B. “I wanted to clean the photos and keep them as memories.” C. “I realized how important these photos must be to someone.” D. “It was just so sad to see so many photos spread and damaged.” 31. Why were Schenker’s actions important after the hurricane? A. They gave comfort to those affected. B. They inspired others to volunteer and help. C. They provided supplies to families in need. D. They raised awareness of survivors’struggles. 32. Which of the following words can best describe Schenker? A. Curious. B. Caring. C. Ambitious. D. Adventurous. 【答案】29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了在北卡罗来纳州坎顿经历了一场致命飓风后，Taylor Schenker帮助寻找并归还受灾居民遗失的照片的故事。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“After the deadly hurricane in October (10月那场致命的飓风过后)”和第二段““We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners.(“我们花了大约四个小时在泥浆中挖掘，寻找我们能找到的任何东西，”Schenker说。在这个过程中，她发现了一些不属于它们的照片，并把它们放了出来，希望它们能和它们的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker页面上的照片是在受飓风影响的地区被发现的。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them.(她说，很明显，这些照片属于多个家庭，她明白这样的记忆对他们来说有多特别。)”和第四段“She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners.(她希望人们能认出她页面上的照片，并希望口口相传能帮助它们与真正的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker创建网页是因为她意识到那些照片对那些人很重要，所以最能表达她的目的的句子是““I realized how important these photos must be to someone.”(“我意识到这些照片对某人来说有多重要。”)”。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work.(Schenker把照片寄给那些已经不在这个地区的人，但她也亲手把那些仍然住在附近的家庭的照片寄给他们。每次团聚都温馨地提醒着她工作的重要性。)”可知，Schenker在飓风过后的行动如此重要是因为它们安慰那些受影响的人。故选A。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families.(Schenker说，一想到她留下的照片，她那天晚上就睡不着觉。她担心如果下雨或刮风，这些照片就不能和家人团聚了。)”和第四段“Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page—a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos.(意识到她现在拥有了多少重要的家庭记忆，她创建了“海伦的照片”页面——一个虚拟的失物招领处，人们可以在这里识别和收回他们的照片。)”可推知，Schenker是一个关心他人的人。故选B。 C People do not always expect us to succeed. In light of this, what happens when we think that others expect us to fail? In one study, researchers carried out an experiment with 330 online workers, asking them to do a computer task that involved clicking on rapidly moving targets. They were told that someone was observing their performance. After they completed a 15-second practice, they received one of three messages — stating underdog expectations, high expectations, or neutral expectations — from the observer; unknown to them, the expectations were randomly (随机地) given to them. Participants then performed the task, which required both effort and focus to do effectively. Researchers found that those who experienced underdog expectations performed better than those who received high or neutral expectations. To find out why underdog expectations lead people to perform better, researchers ran another experiment with 156 business students, having them complete a negotiations simulation (模拟谈判). Before they started negotiating, they were told that experts made predictions on their possibility of negotiating effectively. Once again, researchers randomly gave them either underdog, high, or neutral expectations. After the negotiation, the students were asked questions about their desire to prove others wrong, their self-confidence, and their assertiveness (魄力). Like with earlier studies, those who experienced underdog expectations performed the best. In addition, instead of having greater self-confidence or being more assertive, the desire to prove others wrong was what helped researchers understand why those experiencing underdog expectations performed better. Of course, underdog expectations do not always translate to success. There are many more examples of people failing to overcome the low expectations others set for them. So, when does being an underdog lead to success rather than failure? Researchers reran the computer task of clicking on a target, but this time was a bit different: before participants received randomly given underdog, high, or neutral expectations, they were also randomly given information about the observer’s credibility (可信度). Specifically, participants in the high credibility condition read that the observer was a high performer in the same task and had an excellent record of predicting others’ performance. In the low credibility condition, participants read that the observer was a poor performer and was often incorrect about others’ performance. Researchers found that underdog expectations from both less and more credible observers motivated (激励) participants to aim to prove others wrong. But this motivation only translated to better performance in the face of less credible observers, while it failed when it came from more credible observers. It appears that trying to prove highly credible people wrong may have developed a sense of anxiety, which undermined later performance. Quite the opposite, people experiencing underdog expectations from less credible observers were able to use the desire to prove others wrong and perform successfully. Do these results mean leaders should set low expectations for their team to try to improve performance? Of course not. But they do suggest that more people can achieve success when they think others view them as underdogs. 33. The second experiment was intended to find out ________. A. whether experts’ predictions matched the performance of the students. B how researchers should present participants with different expectations. C. what was behind the improved performance of “underdog” participants. D. who would fail to overcome low expectations set before the negotiation. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Different expectations were given based on participants’ assertiveness. B. Underdogs tend to outperform expectations in a low credibility condition. C. Self-confidence plays an important role in determining a person’s success. D. Participants were motivated to perform better when they trusted observers. 35. What does the word “undermined” underlined in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Weakened. B. Destroyed. C. Motivated. D. Translated. 36. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To present research findings about what causes underdog expectations. B. To compare the effects of underdog, high, and neutral expectations. C. To show how underdog expectations influence performance. D. To analyze when underdog expectations can lead to success. 【答案】33. C 34. B 35. A 36. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章论述了低期望如何影响人们的表现，研究表明，低期望能够激励人们表现得更好，特别是在观察者可信度较低的情况下。这是因为受试者有强烈的欲望去证明别人是错的，而这种欲望使他们表现得更好。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To find out why underdog expectations lead people to perform better, researchers ran another experiment with 156 business students, having them complete a negotiations simulation (模拟谈判).(为了找出低期望为何会让人表现得更好，研究人员对156名商科学生进行了另一项实验，让他们完成一场模拟谈判)”可推知，第二个实验的目的是找出“低期望”表现改善背后的原因。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Quite the opposite, people experiencing underdog expectations from less credible observers were able to use the desire to prove others wrong and perform successfully.(恰恰相反，经历低可信度观察者的不被看好的人能够利用证明他人错误的欲望并成功表现出色)”可知，在低可信度情况下，“低期望”倾向于表现得比预期更好。故选B。 【35题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第七段“It appears that trying to prove highly credible people wrong may have developed a sense of anxiety, which undermined later performance. Quite the opposite, people experiencing underdog expectations from less credible observers were able to use the desire to prove others wrong and perform successfully.(看来，试图证明高度可信的人是错误的可能会导致焦虑感，从而undermined后续的表现。恰恰相反，经历低可信度观察者的不被看好的人能够利用证明他人错误的欲望并成功表现出色)”可知，试图证明高度可信的人是错误的可能会导致焦虑感，从而削弱后续的表现，所以undermined的意思是“削弱”。故选A。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据文章最后一句话“But they do suggest that more people can achieve success when they think others view them as underdogs.(但研究确实表明，当人们认为他人视他们为失败者时，他们可能会取得更多成功)”可知，文章介绍了一个研究，该研究表明低期望能激发更好的表现，并分析了何种情况下这种效果会产生。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解释低期望如何影响表现。故选C。 D The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150,000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the Al has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 37. Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think__________. A. it should have been awarded to more physicists B. it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information C. it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research D. it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics 38. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B. AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. C. AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry. D. AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. 39. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? B. AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? C. AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D. Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.(简而言之，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了关于信息物理原理的基础研究，而不是“人工智能”及其应用的大保护伞)”可知，关于诺贝尔物理学奖，作者可能会认为它是合理的，因为它关注的是信息的物理原理。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.(在科学领域，就像在许多其他领域一样，这一趋势表明，当人工智能工具变得司空见惯时，它们也会消失在背景中)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到人工智能工具一旦被广泛使用，将变得不那么引人注目。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science?(凭借强大的大型语言模型，人工智能可以产生各种输出，甚至可以获得诺贝尔奖的发现。但是人工智能真的接管了科学吗？)”和最后一段“Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.(科学也需要实验者——被驱使去研究宇宙的人类专家，他们会提出人工智能无法提出的问题。物理学——它的核心精神是“世界是可以理解的”，仅仅通过仔细的实验和观察就可以定量地预测世界。不管有没有人工智能的帮助，这个真实的世界仍然存在，等待着未来的科学家去研究)”以及文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。故这篇文章最好的标题是“人工智能将终结科学探索吗？”。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them. ____40____ This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species. Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams. ____41____ It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise (同质化) water chemistry. So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. ____42____ We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water. These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. ____43____ Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive. ____44____ They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales. A. Viewpoints are changing, fortunately, to the benefit of ponds. B. This biodiversity seems to be partly due to the small size of ponds. C. A study shows they make up much of the global water environment. D. Yet for a century or so, scientists have paid them very little attention. E. We can create ponds in considerable numbers as one of the few habitats. F. There is increasing evidence of the importance of ponds for biodiversity. G. Most of us also devalued ponds because we regard them as artificial habitats. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. G 43. A 44. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了池塘在生物多样性中的重要性及其长期以来被忽视的原因。 【40题详解】 上文“Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them.(考虑到池塘是世界上数量最多的水域，令人惊讶的是，人们对池塘知之甚少。池塘有数百万甚至数十亿个)”讲述了池塘的数量非常多，但人们对它们了解不多，下文“This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species.(如果不是因为越来越多的证据表明池塘是极其重要的野生动物栖息地，这种忽视可能无关紧要)”表明科学家经常忽视池塘的重要性，D项“然而，大约一个世纪以来，科学家们很少关注它们。”承上启下，paid them very little attention与下文This neglect相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 【41题详解】 上文“Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams.(在许多景观中，它们被证明支持的物种变异远大于河流和溪流)”表明池塘对生物多样性的重要性，下文“It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise water chemistry.(这使得它们能够拥有比河流和溪流更广泛的变化条件，因为在河流和溪流中，流动的水往往会使得水质化学变得同质化)”解释了池塘能够支持多样性的原因。B项“这种生物多样性部分归因于池塘的小尺寸。”说明了池塘的小尺寸是其生物多样性的一个重要原因，承上启下，下文的It指代the small size of ponds，符合语境。故选B项。 【42题详解】 上文“So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important.(那么，为什么我们未能注意到自然世界如此重要的一部分呢？一个关键原因似乎是淡水科学家约翰·唐宁所说的“显著性错误”：人类自然地假设，如果某物很小，就不会那么重要)”讲述了人们忽视池塘的原因，下文“We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water.(我们没有意识到这些水域有着悠久的历史，自地球上有了陆地和水以来就一直存在)”进一步解释了人们对池塘的误解，G项“我们大多数人也因为认为池塘是人工栖息地而低估了它们的价值。”提到了人们低估池塘价值的另一个原因，与上文是并列关系，且引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。 【43题详解】 下文“Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds.(去年，国际湿地公约引入了一项关于小湿地(包括池塘)的决议，给予它们至关重要的认可。欧盟资助的PONDERFUL项目正在收集有关欧洲池塘的数据)”讲述了国际上对池塘的认识和支持，A项“幸运的是，人们的观点正在向对池塘有益的方向改变。”概述人们对池塘的看法正在改变，下文是具体的措施，符合语境。故选A项。 【44题详解】 上文“However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive.(然而，还有很多工作要做。随着气候变化的影响加深，植物和动物将越来越需要在景观中移动以生存)”表明建造池塘的必要性，下文“They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales.(池塘很容易建造，且迅速被生物占据，这可以帮助淡水物种在短时间内适应)”讲述了池塘在应对气候变化中的作用。E项“我们可以建造大量的池塘，作为为数不多的栖息地之一。”说明了池塘作为一种栖息地的潜力，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。 第三部分: 书面表达（共两节, 27分） 第一节（共4小题: 第45、46题每小题2分, 第47题3分, 第48题5分, 共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Adilah was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories. One story was about sharks. They had plastic in their stomachs. Adilah knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group. It organized clean-up activities in Dubai, her home city. “The group helps me understand what a person can do and how I can really make a difference.” she says. Then Adilah created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate change. It has brought together nearly 10, 000 youths. They come from all over the world. Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to deal with climate change. They can grow food or plant trees. They can collect recyclables. “This is the information which can help change our future.” Adilah says. Dubai is a desert big city. Growing up there has made Adilah understand the need for action. Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges. Adilah is all about small actions. But she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She will also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet. 45. Where is Adilah’s home city? ________________ 46. What risks does Adilah’s city face? ________________ 47. Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why. ➢Adilah created Kids for a Better World, whose goal is to teach youths how to grow food or plant trees. ________________ 48. Among Adilah’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 【答案】45. It’s in Dubai. 46. It faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. 47. Adilah created Kids for a Better World, whose goal is to teach youths how to grow food or plant trees. Because according to the statement in paragraph 2 of the passage “Its goal is to fight climate change”, we can know that the goal of Kids for a Better World is to fight climate change. 48. Being ambitious is important . Because according to the last paragraph, we can learn that she is ambitious as she has big plans, which can help her to organize and encourage youths to fight for a greener planet. 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Adilah的女孩，为了保护家乡的环境，应对不断变化的气候而做出的努力。 【45题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“It organized clean-up activities in Dubai, her home city. ”（它在迪拜、她的家乡组织了清洁活动。）可知，Adilah的家乡城市在迪拜。故答案为：It’s in Dubai. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. ”（她所在的城市面临着气温上升和供水减少的风险。）可知，Adilah的城市面临着气温上升和供水减少的风险。故答案为：It faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. 【47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Then Adilah created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate change. ”（然后Adilah创造了儿童更美好的世界，其目标是对抗气候变化。）可知，Adilah创建的Kids for Better World的目标对抗气候变化，而不是种植食物或树木，所以题目中所给句子中的“grow food or plant trees”（种植食物或树木）是错误的，为划线部分；用英语解释原因，答案为：Because according to the statement in paragraph 2 of the passage “Its goal is to fight climate change”, we can know that the goal of Kids for a Better World is to fight climate change. 【48题详解】 开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据最后一段“But she has big plans. ”（但她有远大的计划）和“she’ll continue being an activist. She wil1 also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet.”（她会继续做一个积极分子，她还将运营Kid for a Better World，她希望鼓励其他人为绿色地球而奋斗。）并结合全文可知，她是个有雄心壮志的人，这一点可以帮助组织并鼓励青少年们为保护环境、建造绿色家园而努力，对我们是很重要的。故答案为：Being ambitious is important . Because according to the last paragraph, we can learn that she is ambitious as she has big plans, which can help her to organize and encourage youths to fight for a greener planet. 第二节（15分） 49. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要组织一次主题为“How to Survive Natural Disaters”的学生活动, 发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复, 内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear about your activity. Here are my suggestions. First you can have a lecture on natural disasters. It will help students learn about different types of disasters and how to respond to them. Second, organize a simulation drill. For example, a fire drill or an earthquake drill. This can help students practice what they have learned. Third, you can set up a booth where students can get safety kits. These kits can include things like flashlights, first-aid supplies, and emergency food. I think these activities are useful because they combine knowledge and practice. They can help students be better prepared for emergencies. Hope my suggestions are helpful. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇建议信，要求考生就如何在自然灾难中存活提供一些活动建议，并且给出理由。考生应该补充合理细节使得行文流畅自然。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： ①模拟：simulation → imitation, mock ②练习：practice → rehearse, train ③结合：combine → integrate, merge ④紧急情况：emergency → crisis, urgency 2. 句式拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句： First, you can have a lecture on natural disasters. It will help students learn about different types of disasters and how to respond to them.  拓展句： First, you can have a lecture on natural disasters, which will help students learn about different types of disasters and how to respond to them.  【点睛】【高级句型 1】This can help students practice what they have learned. (what引导的宾语从句) 【高级句型 2】I think these activities are useful because they combine knowledge and practice.  (because 引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市十一学校顺义学校2024级第三学段3月份阶段性测试 英语 第一部分: 知识运用（共三节, 35分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题: 每小题1.5分, 共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上涂黑。 Hair was once my biggest concern. While my classmates had long, silky hair down their backs, my hair was short and curly. I was quite ____1____. “Your hair doesn’t define you. It is beautiful,” my mother would try to comfort me. However, her ____2____ did little to calm me. Why couldn’t I have long hair like everyone else? I no longer wanted to stand out. I wanted to ____3____ and be accepted. It wasn’t that I hated my hair, but rather I believed others did. I was afraid it would be regarded ugly by my classmates. I also worried if they learned I wore extensions (接发), I would be ____4____. This was an ongoing struggle that I kept secret. At school, I faced lots of questions about my hair. “Does your hair even grow? Are those extensions or your real hair?” In tenth grade, I ____5____. I realized I had two options. I could either believe my classmates were truly ____6____ or consider the questions as judgments. Actually, their ____7____ didn’t matter. I could choose not to base my happiness on what I believed others thought of me, but on my own ____8____. Over the next two years, I pushed myself out of my comfort zone and engaged in various school or social activities, where I was surrounded by different people. Wearing my ____9____ hair, I made it my mission to stand out. I developed into a more confident person. I no longer live my life limited by what I believe others think of me. I don’t hide behind extensions and if I choose to wear them I do so ____10____ and am no longer secretive. Now, I wear my hair and live my life however I desire. 1 A. thrilled B. surprised C. confused D. embarrassed 2. A. decision B. support C. answer D. expectation 3. A. fit in B. get ahead C. reach out D. move on 4. A. stopped B. challenged C. defeated D. judged 5. A. struggled B. explored C. changed D. hesitated 6. A. curious B. helpful C. awkward D. troubled 7. A. opinions B. concerns C. explanations D. descriptions 8 A. goals B. skills C. standards D. strengths 9. A. silky B. messy C. stylish D. natural 10 A. eagerly B. proudly C. hopefully D. seriously 第二节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 More Chinese senior citizens ___11___ (become) active users of We-chat in recent years, according to a recent study. The study aims to learn about the digital life of people above the age of 55. The report shows elderly users spend around 1.37 hours ___12___ We-chat every day and have 104 We-chat friends on average. The report says that 50.3% of elderly users learn how to use We-chat from their children or grandchildren suggesting that family members should be more patient when they introduce new ___13___ (technology) to elderly people. B 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many animals, including some insects, bats and most birds, can fly. But birds are different from other animals ___14___ they are the only living animals that have feathers. Birds have feathers to keep them ___15___ (warmth) and dry and help them to fly. Feathers get worn and ragged during flying, so birds get rid of their feathers and grow new ones. ___16___ (keep) their feathers in good shape, birds clean them and smooth them out with their beaks (鸟喙) all the time. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Koshiba had a legendary life. He is a Japanese physician ___17___ dream was to become a soldier or musician when he was a kid. Unfortunately, his dream was broken when his right hand ___18___ (damage) by polio (小儿麻痹症). While in the hospital, he read Albert Einstein’s books and became ___19___ (interest) in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, ___20___ he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world you can achieve despite poor academic records,” Koshiba said. “What counts most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.” 第三节选词填空（共5小题; 每小题1分, 共5分） 根据句意, 从所给方框中选择词汇并使用其恰当形式完成句子, 每词只使用一次。 escape ambitious come across operation passionate 21. Rescue teams will use trained dogs and search and rescue vehicles to complete rescue _____________________. 22. After hundreds of failed experiments, Tu Youyou and her team eventually ___________ a promising chemical. 23. Despite severe injuries, Christopher Reeve became a ___________ and energetic advocate for others suffering back injuries and disabilities. 24. When the boat went over the edge into the inside of the whirlpool, the storyteller felt there was no __________ and they would sink into the sea. 25. Roald Amundsen and Captain Scott waited anxiously for spring because they both had the _________ goal of being the first to reach the South Pole. 第二部分: 阅读理解（38分） 第一节（共14 小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 26. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A. a friend B. a pet sitter C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel 27. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A Call the insurance company. B Check the license from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 28. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. B After the deadly hurricane in October, Taylor Schenker, who lives in Canton, North Carolina, near hard-hit Asheville, went for a walk with her friend to check out the homes destroyed in the disaster. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners. Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families. The next day, Schenker went back to collect the photos and ended up finding more — about 200 of them — containing school portraits, birthday cards, and images of childhood friends and families on vacation. She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them. Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page — a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos. She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners. Schenker took the photos home, cleaned them off, and organized them into folders and bins for safekeeping until they could be returned to their owners. Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work. In one instance, Becky Tate and her daughter both recognized their photos on the online page. Tate’s daughter, Nancy, commented that her mom was in tears when they made the discovery. “The process is definitely fulfilling,” Schenker said. “It’s enjoyable to witness the moment when a photograph is returned to its rightful owner, and to observe people in the comments mentioning each other and sharing their thoughts and saying, ‘Oh my gosh, you just reminded me of this moment in my life that I had totally forgotten about.’” She said she chose the name for her page because most of the photos they’ve seen come out of the hurricane show the devastation (破坏) left behind—but her Photos from Helene are happy memories of Asheville and the lives there. 29. What can we know about the photos on Schenker’s page? A. They were all proof of the hurricane. B. They were seriously damaged in the storm. C. They were left behind by some families on purpose. D. They were discovered in areas impacted by the hurricane. 30. Which sentence best expresses Schenker’s motivation for her page? A. “The hurricane destroyed everything in its path.” B. “I wanted to clean the photos and keep them as memories.” C. “I realized how important these photos must be to someone.” D. “It was just so sad to see so many photos spread and damaged.” 31. Why were Schenker’s actions important after the hurricane? A. They gave comfort to those affected. B. They inspired others to volunteer and help. C. They provided supplies to families in need. D. They raised awareness of survivors’struggles. 32. Which of the following words can best describe Schenker? A. Curious. B. Caring. C. Ambitious. D. Adventurous. C People do not always expect us to succeed. In light of this, what happens when we think that others expect us to fail? In one study, researchers carried out an experiment with 330 online workers, asking them to do a computer task that involved clicking on rapidly moving targets. They were told that someone was observing their performance. After they completed a 15-second practice, they received one of three messages — stating underdog expectations, high expectations, or neutral expectations — from the observer; unknown to them, the expectations were randomly (随机地) given to them. Participants then performed the task, which required both effort and focus to do effectively. Researchers found that those who experienced underdog expectations performed better than those who received high or neutral expectations. To find out why underdog expectations lead people to perform better, researchers ran another experiment with 156 business students, having them complete a negotiations simulation (模拟谈判). Before they started negotiating, they were told that experts made predictions on their possibility of negotiating effectively. Once again, researchers randomly gave them either underdog, high, or neutral expectations. After the negotiation, the students were asked questions about their desire to prove others wrong, their self-confidence, and their assertiveness (魄力). Like with earlier studies, those who experienced underdog expectations performed the best. In addition, instead of having greater self-confidence or being more assertive, the desire to prove others wrong was what helped researchers understand why those experiencing underdog expectations performed better. Of course, underdog expectations do not always translate to success. There are many more examples of people failing to overcome the low expectations others set for them. So, when does being an underdog lead to success rather than failure? Researchers reran the computer task of clicking on a target, but this time was a bit different: before participants received randomly given underdog, high, or neutral expectations, they were also randomly given information about the observer’s credibility (可信度). Specifically, participants in the high credibility condition read that the observer was a high performer in the same task and had an excellent record of predicting others’ performance. In the low credibility condition, participants read that the observer was a poor performer and was often incorrect about others’ performance. Researchers found that underdog expectations from both less and more credible observers motivated (激励) participants to aim to prove others wrong. But this motivation only translated to better performance in the face of less credible observers, while it failed when it came from more credible observers. It appears that trying to prove highly credible people wrong may have developed a sense of anxiety, which undermined later performance. Quite the opposite, people experiencing underdog expectations from less credible observers were able to use the desire to prove others wrong and perform successfully. Do these results mean leaders should set low expectations for their team to try to improve performance? Of course not. But they do suggest that more people can achieve success when they think others view them as underdogs. 33. The second experiment was intended to find out ________. A. whether experts’ predictions matched the performance of the students. B. how researchers should present participants with different expectations. C. what was behind the improved performance of “underdog” participants. D. who would fail to overcome low expectations set before the negotiation. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Different expectations were given based on participants’ assertiveness. B. Underdogs tend to outperform expectations in a low credibility condition. C. Self-confidence plays an important role in determining a person’s success. D. Participants were motivated to perform better when they trusted observers. 35. What does the word “undermined” underlined in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Weakened. B. Destroyed. C. Motivated. D. Translated. 36. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To present research findings about what causes underdog expectations. B. To compare the effects of underdog, high, and neutral expectations. C. To show how underdog expectations influence performance. D. To analyze when underdog expectations can lead to success. D The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150,000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the Al has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 37. Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think__________. A. it should have been awarded to more physicists B. it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information C. it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research D. it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics 38. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B. AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. C. AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry. D. AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. 39. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? B. AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? C. AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D. Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them. ____40____ This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species. Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams. ____41____ It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise (同质化) water chemistry. So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. ____42____ We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water. These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. ____43____ Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive. ____44____ They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales. A. Viewpoints are changing, fortunately, to the benefit of ponds. B. This biodiversity seems to be partly due to the small size of ponds. C. A study shows they make up much of the global water environment. D. Yet for a century or so, scientists have paid them very little attention. E. We can create ponds in considerable numbers as one of the few habitats. F. There is increasing evidence of the importance of ponds for biodiversity. G. Most of us also devalued ponds because we regard them as artificial habitats. 第三部分: 书面表达（共两节, 27分） 第一节（共4小题: 第45、46题每小题2分, 第47题3分, 第48题5分, 共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Adilah was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories. One story was about sharks. They had plastic in their stomachs. Adilah knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group. It organized clean-up activities in Dubai, her home city. “The group helps me understand what a person can do and how I can really make a difference.” she says. Then Adilah created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate change. It has brought together nearly 10, 000 youths. They come from all over the world. Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to deal with climate change. They can grow food or plant trees. They can collect recyclables. “This is the information which can help change our future.” Adilah says. Dubai is a desert big city. Growing up there has made Adilah understand the need for action. Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges. Adilah is all about small actions. But she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She will also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet. 45. Where is Adilah’s home city? ________________ 46. What risks does Adilah’s city face? ________________ 47. Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why. ➢Adilah created Kids for a Better World, whose goal is to teach youths how to grow food or plant trees. ________________ 48. Among Adilah’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 第二节（15分） 49. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要组织一次主题为“How to Survive Natural Disaters”的学生活动, 发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复, 内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$