专题06 阅读理解之七选五（人教版2019）-备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题06 阅读理解之七选五 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） Forgiveness (宽恕) is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you. However, while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others, you can be much harder on yourself. 1 . Accept the result of your actions Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.   2 . Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness. It’s also the hardest step. If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable, it is time to accept what you have done. Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情) Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions, but it is important to reach this with self-compassion. 3 . Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的). 4 Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness, even when the person you are forgiving is yourself. One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes. Learn from the experience Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future. To do this, you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry. What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviors again in the future? 5 , rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes. A. Make a correction B. Be aware of others’ feelings C. It is about accepting what has happened D. The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself E. You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts F. Remind yourself of what you learned to guide your actions going forward G. The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person Passage 2 （23-24高二下·湖南长沙·5月月考） Sweating may not be your favorite thing to do, but it is a necessary process for maintaining the health of the human body. 1 Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you. •Sweating is good for your skin. Sweat is known to cool the skin, bringing toxins (毒素) to the surface and giving the skin a healthy glow. Research shows that sweating can increase and maintain skin hydration. However, leaving sweat on the skin for too long can cause skin diseases such as acne (痤疮). 2 •Sweating makes you happy. When you are hot, your heart beats faster to cool the body, releasing endorphins that cause feelings of joy. 3 In a recent study, people who smelled “joyful sweat” displayed tendencies associated with happiness. However, those exposed to fear-induced sweat showed characteristics of terror. •Sweating supports your heart. When sitting in a sauna (桑拿), your body temperature rises, so your body works overtime to  cool itself down by sweating. 4 A 20-year Finnish study found that people who sweated it out regularly in a sauna had a lower rate of sudden cardiac (心脏的) deaths. • 5    If you sweat heavily during exercise, that’s usually a positive sign. Athletes tend to sweat sooner and more than inactive people. Their bodies have learned to cool down more efficiently during physical activity. A study conducted by the Public Library of Science supports this, showing that long-distance runners not only got sweatier sooner, but also activated more sweat glands (汗腺), resulting in more sweat than their non-active counterparts. A. And you’ll be better off for it. B. Sweating a lot means that you are fit. C. Thus, it’s essential to wash your face and body after sweating. D. Sweat is the stuff that floods out when our body temperature rises. E. Sweating contributes to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. F. Your sweaty self can also make those around you feel more delightful. G. This is a natural bodily function that helps to regulate body temperature and prevent overheating. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东茂名·3月月考） Body Language Tips for Your Next Interview Body language can reveal yourselves, and interviewers are definitely paying attention to it. For a job interview, you want to present the best version of yourself. 1 Make a solid first impression. The interview begins as soon as you enter the building. When you connect with whomever you encounter, maintain strong eye contact and introduce yourself confidently. If you are in a waiting area, avoid hunching over (弯腰驼背) our phone. 2 Instead, sit upright in a comfortable position. 3 Discomfort is another issue that can be very disturbing for both you and the interviewer. Buying a nice pair of new shoes or a belt to match your suit may seem like a great idea, but if your wardrobe (衣柜) causes you to be nervous or do a lot of shifting, consider going with a proper but reliable choice instead. Be responsive and listen to understand. It’s natural to tell the interviewer all about yourself and the achievements and experiences that make you stand out. But don’t forget to listen and engage with what the interviewers are saying. 4 And how you behave when you’re not talking is an important part of the impression you’ll make. Be mindful of your hands. Interviewers are trying to get a sense of who you are, so let your personality shine through! This includes talking with your hands if that comes naturally to you. Stifling a feature like this can actually lead to unnecessary nervousness. 5 A. Buy new clothes before the interview. B. Think twice before wearing the new shoes. C. Just adopt the tips below to impress interviewers D. They will be looking to assess your interpersonal skills. E. They will assume you are not interested in your future position. F. This kind of body language can be easily understood as boredom. G. So feel free to use your hands to communicate effectively and sincerely. Passage 4 （21-22高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习） A year ago, I had one of the most important interviews of my life. 1 To this question I could say what I thought the members of the interview wanted to hear. I’m so good at multitasking that I would be able to shoulder the various responsibilities. That might be true, yet it seemed to be unreal. The more honest answer was that I knew it would be difficult, but I wanted to try anyway. 2 This tough situation led me to hesitate during the interview. It also recalled my past experience of being interviewed when an interviewer asked me to give an example of a time when I had been caring. The answer that came to mind was that I volunteered at a nursing home and felt honored to sit with the patients and listen to their stories. But I didn’t think that was dramatic enough to impress the interviewers. So, instead I told them about when one of the residents threw up, I cleaned it up. 3 Obviously, that wasn’t caring and it suggested that my best quality was skillful at using mop (拖把). Back to my most recent interview and the question about how to shoulder the multiple responsibilities of the role. 4 I had learned the significance of being true to myself. So I answered simply, “With difficulty.” To my relief, the review members nodded knowingly and smiled. This exam can test my honesty and I can come up with appropriate answers. I’ve come to realize that interviews don’t have “right” or “wrong” answers. I still see them as exams, but they’re not testing my ability to copy somebody else’s answers. Actually, the exam is about something I am well familiar with: me. 5 A. I hesitated but not for long. B. I wasn’t sure which answer to give. C. Never give the interviewers wrong answers. D. It seemed the interviewers were quite satisfied. E. I immediately felt embarrassed after saying that. F. It’s not about “right” answers but about being yourself. G. At the end, I was asked how to balance the different parts of the role. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期中） Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. 1 However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, your eyes produce tears. These create a film (薄膜) over the eye’s surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection. Tears reduce stress, but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “ 2 They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. 3 Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely. When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock, anger, fear or grief, but they control the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist (精神治疗医师) Vera Diamond. 4 They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion. 5 It’s good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry,” Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical ways to deal with the problem.” Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry. A. People worry about showing their emotions. B. The more you cry, the healthier you will become. C. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. D. Sometimes patients participate in crying exercises. E. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. F. In certain situation, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. G. Many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. Passage 6 （23-24学年高二下•浙江省杭州期中） Being “outdoorsy” can stir up images of big beautiful national parks, snowy slopes or thick forests. 1 They don’t require the time, money or physical mobility of a big trip. Here are some steps you can take to get closer to nature. Think of time in nature as a “multivitamin”—it’s best to take it every day. 2 If you’re spending hours staring at a computer screen, you might feel pretty exhausted afterward. But if you get breaks or even micro restorative moments by getting outside, you recover some energy to use that mental muscle so you can do things that are hard to do. Find the people who enjoy the same activities. It takes some of the pressure off trying to explore the outdoors alone. 3 In a world where we’re constantly flooded with images of what an “outdoorsy person” should look like, finding your people might feel like a challenge. 4 You can bring the outdoors into your world. We are a part of nature, and nature is a part of us-regardless of where we are. Need a quick break from your “work screen time” for some “fun screen time”? There’s a nature fix for that: Check out the Find That Lizard game on your phone, where you have to find a lizard camouflaged (伪装) in its natural environment. 5 You can barbecue in your yard or the park, or open a window to get some fresh air. These are great options if you’re living in a city, or if you’re on a budget. A. Trying to get off screens? B. Needing a low-budget outdoor break? C. So nature is actually what you need to function well. D. But smaller moments in nature have been just as valuable. E. It’s also an important way to stay safe in more remote areas. F. Getting your daily amount of nature is vital to your well-being. G. Remember, you don’t have to be outdoors to experience nature. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·3月月考） Across an average lifetime, we spend roughly eighty-two days brushing our teeth. It’s an important step in our daily routine. 1 Newsweek spoke to Dr. Smita Mehra, principal dentist at The Neem Tree Dental Practices, to find out what mistakes many of us are making when it comes to brushing our teeth and what we should be doing instead. Mistake 1: Using whitening toothpaste every day While whitening toothpastes are generally safe to use, using them every day or at high levels may have the potential to cause damage. This is because the peroxide (过氧化氢) content in some whitening gels and toothpastes has the potential to cause ulcers (溃疡) if used in high quantities.” If you want to use a whitening toothpaste, seek professional advice from dentists. 2 Mistake 2: 3 How many of you eat your breakfast then immediately go to the bathroom to brush your teeth? Actually, dentists recommend that you wait about an hour before brushing your teeth after eating. This is because brushing your teeth right after eating these foods can actually damage your enamel (牙釉质) especially when you eat food that is acid. You are essentially brushing acid in your mouth all over your teeth. Allowing time between brushing and consuming foods allows the saliva in your mouth to wash away any acid. Mistake 3: Brushing your teeth too hard 4 But actually brushing too hard can contribute to worn enamel, which may contribute to sensitivity and gum (牙龈) disease in the long run. The best way to brush your teeth to guarantee maximum cleaning and little damage is to brush gently but thoroughly, using a soft brush. Pressure isn’t the only thing you need to consider when brushing your teeth. Mistake 4: Skipping your bedtime brush While official guidelines recommend brushing your teeth twice a day, many of us consider the morning brush to be the priority. But while your morning breath might feel worse, brushing your teeth before bed is even more important. Never forget to brush before bedtime. 5 In addition, while you sleep, the washing action of your mouth i.e., your saliva also reduces, and therefore not much cleaning happens naturally. A. Brushing your teeth after eating acid food. B. Brushing your teeth immediately after eating C. They will direct you on how often you should be using whitening toothpaste. D. Roughly 37 million Americans spend billions of dollars every year on tooth care. E. However, many of us are doing it wrong without noticing the potential damage it might cause. F. That is the time when all of your dinner goes bad in your mouth and bacteria are having a field day. G. Many people assume that by applying more pressure to the teeth, you are getting rid of more bacteria. Passage 8 （22-23高二下·湖北襄阳·期中） ChatGPT, launched in November, 2022, has attracted over 100 million monthly users in just two months, which is considered the fastest-growing consumer app. 1 ChatGPT can write emails, computer code, even academic papers and poems. 2 With various functions, it is suspected to do no good to many areas, especially the higher education. So is ChatGPT a benefit or a trouble? 3 Some universities have banned it due to the warning that it could cause more students to cheat, especially in exams. 4 Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, for instance, said he welcomes ChatGPT because “it gives people a chance” to concentrate less on tasks that technology can perform equally well. According to a survey covering more than 100 educators and over 1,000 students, one-third of the educators said they believe ChatGPT should be banned in schools and universities, while the rest supported students having access to it. The attitude of most students sees a distinct difference. 5 As a result, the observed value and usefulness of ChatGPT seem to outweigh the risks. What we should focus on has shifted to better deal with the chatbot and its development. A. It is undoubtedly a shocking achievement. B. The answers varies greatly across the world. C. Others regard it as an aid rather than a barrier. D. It is widely discussed whether AI should be involved in a scientific article. E. They admitted having sought help from ChatGPT to complete their homework. F. The worry is that ChatGPT could change the structure of higher education. G. Also, it has succeeded in passing different kinds of exams. Passage 9 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省黄冈3月月考） Understanding Group Study Group study is a common practice among students of all ages. 1 It is commonly believed to be an effective way to supplement individual learning. When studying in a group, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations. Each member should have a role and responsibility to ensure that the group stays on track. 2 He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways. 3 Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand. Group study can also increase motivation and responsibility. When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus. 4 This can help keep everyone on track and motivated to complete the task at hand. Despite those benefits, group study can present challenges. 5 Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning. External distractions, such as noise or interruptions, can also be a challenge in group study. However, by working collaboratively, group members can overcome these challenges and have a successful study session. Overall, group study can be a valuable tool for students of all ages. By working together, students can enhance their learning experience and achieve their academic goals. A. It is also important to have an appointed leader. B. It is common to encounter different learning styles. C. Group study can have a positive impact on preventing study-related stress. D. One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others. E. Therefore, studying in a group requires careful planning, communication, and collaboration. F. However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members. G. It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process. Passage 10 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） Every time I put on my seat belt, check my mirror and turn on the engine, I type in the address of wherever I’m going into my phone. 1 Without the guide of GPS — the Global Positioning System — not only would I be lost, I’d feel lost. It makes me wonder: Is there anything I can do to improve my navigation (导航) skills? The answer is yes. Here are some steps you can take to boost your sense of direction. 2 If you’re not pressed for time, give up the automobile navigation and try to find your way around town. Next time you go for a walk, go down a road you’ve not walked. Or take the scenic route to your favorite bar. This works if you’re walking, biking or driving. Then see if you can make it back home without a GPS. Use landmarks to direct yourself. 3 To identify your position, the experts suggest picking a few landmarks in town to help navigate yourself. The ideal landmark is large and far away, like a big sign, a highway, a tall building or a bridge. Be curious about your surroundings. Whether you’re going somewhere new or to a place you’ve been to many times, it’s helpful to just turn around and see what the view looks like behind you. 4 This gives you visual reminders on how to get back. Use memory tricks to remember where you are. People with a good sense of direction know their streets. If you aren’t such a person, you can try an expert navigation method. Commit street names, landmarks and routes to memory by using tricks to lock things in. 5 A. Take your time to map your town. B. I have a terrible sense of direction. C. Turn off your GPS and get lost on purpose. D. What landmarks will you recommend to visitors? E. This is especially helpful when street names are abstract. F. Not sure if you’re north, south, east or west from home? G. Looking at your surroundings can help you remember your route. Passage 11 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 1 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 3 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. 4 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 5       Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. Passage 12 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·3月月考） We’ve all been there before — you’re in conversation, things are getting along nicely. 1 . At that moment, your mind goes completely blank, you don’t know what to say, and you can sense the other person’s eyes wandering as they look for someone else to talk to. That scenario (场面) is terrible, so here are three tips to make sure that you never run out of things to say in conversation again. Firstly, when you find yourself in that situation where your mind has gone blank, play “Reminds Me of”. That just means that you look to the environment around you and say, “You know, that reminds me of……” and then fill in the blank. 2 And it can also work as a follow-up when someone finishes telling a story, which is how many groups of friends interact all the time. Second, when you ask questions, keep them open-ended as often as possible. 3 So rather than saying, “Oh, you’re from Toronto. Do you like it there?” you might say, “How do you like Toronto? I’m curious to hear more about it.” You should get the other person talking about the things that they like, which is going to open up more conversational topics. 4 This is the third tip. If you’re in a new group and conversation dies after initial pleasantries, a great question is, “How do you guys all know one another?” There’s almost always some kind of story that conversation can build from. If you’re only speaking to one person, you can say instead, “So what’s your story?” The great thing about this question is that it is so open-ended that the other person will probably guide you towards new topics, usually responding with something like, “You mean what do I do for work or what do I like to do for fun?” 5 A. Ask them about their exciting plans for the future. B. It is great for opening new conversational topics. C. Then out of nowhere, the awkward silence occurs. D. You’d better avoid questions inviting a one-word response. E. That’s because people don’t like to talk to others different from themselves. F. For the worst scenario when conversation stops suddenly, use saving questions. G. His or her tone and enthusiasm will tell you the best angle of conversation to continue with. Passage 13 （24-25高二下·湖南郴州·3月月考） Genes, the basic units of heredity, play a crucial role in determining our physical characteristics and health conditions. 1 With the development of modern technology, genetic testing has become an important tool for understanding our biological makeup. When you take a genetic test, scientists will analyze your DNA sample. 2 For example, some tests can tell if you carry genes that might increase your risk of certain diseases like breast cancer or heart conditions. This knowledge can help people take preventive measures early. However, genetic testing also raises ethical questions. 3 Should employers have access to this information? What if insurance companies use it to deny coverage? What if hospitals prioritize treatments based on genetic risks? These issues require careful consideration. 4 This needs countries to work together, set clear rules, and prevent unfair treatment. For example, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) created the “Framework for Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Health-related Data”. It unifies privacy rules in over 40 countries, letting scientists study rare diseases using anonymous genetic data. At the same time, it requires strict compliance (遵守) of laws and stops any harmful use of personal information. These actions show how global teamwork can protect people’s privacy while helping medical science move forward. Though not perfect, genetic testing offers valuable insights. By understanding our genetic risks, we can make better lifestyle choices and work with doctors to create personalized health plans. For example, individuals with a genetic tendency for heart disease might increase cardiovascular exercises and reduce saturated fat intake. 5 A. Ultimately, this knowledge enables proactive health management tailored to individual needs. B. They contain codes for proteins that directly affect bodily functions and health. C. To address these risks, legal frameworks must balance privacy protection with research needs. D. Laboratory technicians compare DNA samples to identify unique genetic markers. E. These analyses can detect gene variations linked to inherited (遗传) diseases. F. The ownership and use of genetic information remain highly controversial (有争议的). G. Effective data protection methods are essential for securing genetic databases. Passage 14 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·3月月考） How to stay fit while traveling rarely scores high on our priority list. Sometimes it is not that we’re not motivated to stay fit or have no time. I believe the issue is that we are out of our regular “home routine”. 1 Our brain simply can’t link the new environment to our usual habits and puts itself in “explorer’s mode”. How can we stay fit while traveling? Have a strong vision. The best way to create motivation to stay fit is something you can visualize. If you have the visual, it is good. 2 If it helps, write it on a piece of paper and put it in your wallet. This will serve as a vision for you. Once you focus on the vision and consistently think about it, things get easier. Prepare a “travel routine” ahead of time. Consistency is the most important part of the training process. 3 I found that having a “travel routine” helps to signal the brain that from the organizational perspective nothing has changed. It doesn’t have to be very detailed and can be as simple as a set of principles, like exercising in the morning or not eating too much after 6:00 p. m. 4 The easiest way to stay fit while traveling is to move and make active lifestyle a habit. Walk a couple of stops instead of taking the public transport. Use the stairs instead of an elevator. If there’s a nice viewpoint, look for a way to hike to it rather than drive to it. Sure, it will be tough at first, but our bodies are good at adapting to anything. 5 A. People, language, food — everything is different. B. Stick to 10-minute morning stretches daily. C. Picture it, feel it, and most importantly, focus on it. D. Yet, traveling tends to break our regular pattern and change our focus. E. Walk and explore more. F. Gradually, you’ll become stronger and start enjoying it. G. Don’t let travel become an excuse for being lazy. Passage 15 （24-25学年高二下•广东省茂名3月月考） Classroom environments play a crucial role in students’ learning experiences. A setting filled with too many things can look untidy. 1 Therefore, teachers are supposed to be careful with what they want their classroom to look like. While controlling all factors may be challenging, teachers can manage the materials on classroom walls to reduce distractions (分散注意力的事)。 2 A student’s working memory processes visual and verbal (口头的) information. Too many posters, regulations, or information sources can overload a student’s working memory, making it difficult to focus and process information. 3 The average preschool is overloaded with labels, lists, and rules, which can decrease children’s ability to focus and learn. Decorations are sometimes mistaken for quality. Experts point out that reading and writing performances are particularly affected by levels of stimulation, while math benefits from student-centered and personalized classroom designs. Involving students in designing their learning space can give them a sense of ownership and pride. 4 The color of the classroom is another critical factor. Red and orange can make students feel nervous, while blue and green are calming. Younger children may respond well to bright colors like yellow, but older students benefit from light shades of blue and green. The International Association of Color Consultants North America emphasizes the importance of appropriate color design for creating conducive (有利的) learning environments and promoting health. 5 Such settings are likely to cause students to become uninterested in learning. Therefore, teachers should be mindful of the impacts of visual stimuli on their students and work to minimize distractions for better academic performance. A. It distracts students and negatively impacts their academic performance. B. Classrooms often become text and picture-rich from early education levels. C. Teachers should consider featuring student works to promote student worth. D. Alternatively, colorless and poorly lit classrooms are often considered boring. E. Classroom environments are intended to stimulate enthusiasm and participation. F. Overstimulation in the environment increases competition for a student’s attention. G. A combination of bright and light colors benefits academic performance and health. Passage 16 （24-25学年高二下•广东省恩平3月月考） Protecting the Ecological Environment As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil.   1 Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes. 2 Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss. 3 Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment. Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on. 4 Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment. We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity. 5 We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars. Moreover, raising public awareness of environmental protection is essential. Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting the ecological environment as well as takes action can we hope to have a sustainable future. A. Deforestation is another major issue. B. This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste. C. Cutting carbon emissions is essential for our welfare. D. After all, their cost may add too much burden to our lives. E. They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy. F. To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures. G. However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently. Passage 17 （24-25学年高二下•广东省江门3月阶段考试） The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where street vendors (小贩) take over a designated street to set up stalls. The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, pick up some items and enjoy the smell of local foods. Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. 1 Hence, there is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit. You can even be addicted to the treasure hunt of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets. The night markets are typically from 5 p. m. till 10:30 p. m. You can buy anything from night markets, be it groceries, clothing, good local food, hot snacks, household items, fresh produce, and even the latest styles. By around 6 p. m, the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there is stall upon stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables. 2 It is no secret that all - night markets share a common treasure- tasty street cuisine. 3 Thirst-quenchers like the ever-popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent feature here. 4 It is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle, but to many, they are fun and thrilling places to explore. It is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive. 5 A. Your curiosity will be satisfied here. B. There is so much to see, buy and eat. C. People would complain about the noises here. D. Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market. E. It would be a regret not to try on mouth-watering local dishes. F. New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends. G. Dried and preserved items such as dried shrimp and salted eggs are available here too. Passage 18 （24-25学年高二下•广东省深圳3月月考） Have you had a meltdown lately? An emotional meltdown isn’t exactly a medical disease. 1 It’s a popular term used to describe a situation where we are overcome emotionally of hit a breaking point. How do you feel after you’ve had a meltdown? Do you feel embarrassed about your behavior? 2 An occasional meltdown doesn’t mean something is “wrong” with you. It may just be an indicator of a challenging time for you. While most people would rather forget a meltdown as quickly as possible, it can be a learning experience. If you feel embarrassed about revealing your emotions in public, you might examine how you feel about your feelings. Why isn’t it okay for you to be angry, or to be sad, or to need something from someone else? 3 So, be kind to yourself. If your meltdown involved raising your voice at other people or behavior like throwing an object in the presence of others, apologize and come up with a plan to manage your emotions differently the next time you’re upset or stressed. If you find this type of behavior is common for you and you’re having difficulty managing it on your own, consider reaching to a psychologist. 4 It damages another person’s attitude and eats into their health. 5 Your experience serves a basis for reflection. Be kind to yourself and find some helpful ways to deal with meltdowns: A. It can happen to anyone. B. Are you a happy person? C. Learn from every meltdown. D. There are some negative effects about meltdown, E. Shaming yourself about your emotion is not helpful. F. Are you anxious about possible consequences for your outburst? G. Having an emotional meltdown is never an excuse for abusive behavior. Passage 19 （23-24学年高二下•湖南省长沙第三次月考） How We Talk about Fear Matters Lately, there seems to be plenty to fear in the world. How we talk about what we fear might offer clues to how we perceive that emotion socially and culturally. Get the root of fear. 1 . In Anglo Saxon times, “fear” primarily referred to sudden danger. The root of the word dates back to “pēr” from Indo-European about 6,000 years ago. This root suggests that fear developed from a sudden (frightening) experience you passed through. Figure out the emotional meaning of fear. Whether emotions are viewed positively or negatively varies from culture to culture. 2 . For instance, in English, the word “anxious” can be used to mean “worried” or “eager”. But the word meaning “anxious” just means “regret” in Dargwa. Therefore, many English speakers may not view anxiety as negatively as Dargwa speakers. Find out a fearful pattern. In looking at such patterns across the major language families, researchers found that the word “fear” was often associated with anxiety, envy and grief in Indo-European languages. But in Austronesian languages, “fear” more often was associated with surprise. 3 . 4 How we talk about fear changes how we react to it. When we talk about what frightens us, it may be useful to disrupt associated meanings. In addition, how our language categorizes an emotion seems to impact whether we perceive those emotions negatively or positively. In conclusion, fear is something that can be changed by cultural and linguistic experience. 5 . Perhaps Roosevelt was right when he in famously said “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” A. Talk more about fears B. Change our perception of fear C. The word fear has a long history in English D. There seemed a fearful pattern across the major language families E. This is based on what people have learned to associate with emotion words F. It opens the door to potential ways to change how we talk about and react to it G. This makes speakers of the latter languages associate this emotion with a less negative sense Passage 20 （23-24学年高二下•浙江省台州期中） Technology is here to stay. 1 . However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device contract Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. 2 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for restriction. 3 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 4 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Tech-free family time Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 5 . A. Model good technology use B. Communicate with children C. A little extra planning goes a long way D. The contract is helpful to the settlement of conflicts E. Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F. Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding G. This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解之七选五 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） Forgiveness (宽恕) is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you. However, while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others, you can be much harder on yourself. 1 . Accept the result of your actions Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.   2 . Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness. It’s also the hardest step. If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable, it is time to accept what you have done. Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情) Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions, but it is important to reach this with self-compassion. 3 . Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的). 4 Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness, even when the person you are forgiving is yourself. One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes. Learn from the experience Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future. To do this, you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry. What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviors again in the future? 5 , rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes. A. Make a correction B. Be aware of others’ feelings C. It is about accepting what has happened D. The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself E. You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts F. Remind yourself of what you learned to guide your actions going forward G. The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. G 4. A 5. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宽恕自己的方法。 1. 根据上文“However, while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others, you can be much harder on yourself.(然而，虽然你可能会很宽宏大量地原谅他人，但是你可能对自己更苛刻)”以及下文中给的三条建议“Accept the result of your actions (接受你自己的行为带来的结果)”以及“Treat yourself with kindness and compassion(善待自己，同情自己)”和“Learn from the experience(从经验中吸取教训)”可知，空格处应承接上文并能引出下文的建议；选项D. The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself(以下步骤可以帮助你学会如何原谅自己)，句中“The following steps”对应下文中的三条建议。故选D。 2. 根据上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.(原谅自己不仅仅是抛开过去，继续生活)”以及下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.(面对你所做的或发生的事情是走向自我宽恕的第一步)”可知，空格处应描述怎样原谅自己；选项C. It is about accepting what has happened(它是关于接受已经发生的事情)，句中“It is about”对应上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than”；以及句中“accepting what has happened”对应下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened”。故选C。 3. 根据小标题“Treat yourself with kindness and compassion(善待自己，同情自己)”以及空格前“Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions, but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.(原谅自己需要面对自己的行为，但是带着自我同情来达到这一点很重要)”可知，空格处应描述要怎样善待自己；选项G. The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person(关键是要像对待别人那样善良地对待自己)，句中“treat yourself with the same kindness”对应小标题中“Treat yourself with kindness”。故选G。 4. 空格处为小标题，是作者给出的其中一条建议的总结，所以应能总结下文，根据下文“Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness, even when the person you are forgiving is yourself. One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.(改正错误是原谅的一个重要部分，即使你原谅的人是你自己。摆脱悔恨的一个方法就是采取行动改正错误)”可知，小标题的内容应为改变自己，做出修正；选项A. Make a correction(改正错误)正好能概括下文。故选A。 5. 根据小标题“Learn from the experience(从经验中吸取教训)”和空格前“What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviors again in the future?(你可以采取什么措施来防止同样的行为再次发生)”以及空格后“rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes(而不是为过去的错误感到后悔)”可知，空格处应描述应该怎样做才能防止同样的行为再次发生；选项F. Remind yourself of what you learned to guide your actions going forward(用你从教训中学到的东西来指导你前行)承接上下文，且句中“what you learned”对应小标题“Learn from the experience”。故选F。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·湖南长沙·5月月考） Sweating may not be your favorite thing to do, but it is a necessary process for maintaining the health of the human body. 1 Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you. •Sweating is good for your skin. Sweat is known to cool the skin, bringing toxins (毒素) to the surface and giving the skin a healthy glow. Research shows that sweating can increase and maintain skin hydration. However, leaving sweat on the skin for too long can cause skin diseases such as acne (痤疮). 2 •Sweating makes you happy. When you are hot, your heart beats faster to cool the body, releasing endorphins that cause feelings of joy. 3 In a recent study, people who smelled “joyful sweat” displayed tendencies associated with happiness. However, those exposed to fear-induced sweat showed characteristics of terror. •Sweating supports your heart. When sitting in a sauna (桑拿), your body temperature rises, so your body works overtime to  cool itself down by sweating. 4 A 20-year Finnish study found that people who sweated it out regularly in a sauna had a lower rate of sudden cardiac (心脏的) deaths. • 5    If you sweat heavily during exercise, that’s usually a positive sign. Athletes tend to sweat sooner and more than inactive people. Their bodies have learned to cool down more efficiently during physical activity. A study conducted by the Public Library of Science supports this, showing that long-distance runners not only got sweatier sooner, but also activated more sweat glands (汗腺), resulting in more sweat than their non-active counterparts. A. And you’ll be better off for it. B. Sweating a lot means that you are fit. C. Thus, it’s essential to wash your face and body after sweating. D. Sweat is the stuff that floods out when our body temperature rises. E. Sweating contributes to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. F. Your sweaty self can also make those around you feel more delightful. G. This is a natural bodily function that helps to regulate body temperature and prevent overheating. 【答案】1. G 2. C 3. F 4. A 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章从四个方面解释了为什么出汗有好处。 1. 前一句“Sweating may not be your favorite thing to do, but it is necessary.(出汗可能不是你最喜欢做的事情，但它是必要的)”提到，出汗是必要的，G项“这是一种自然的身体功能，有助于调节体温，防止过热”是对sweating的一个整体性的介绍性文字，其中的“It”指代前一句中“Sweating”，同时也是对前一句中“necessary”的进一步解释，故选G。 2. 根据本段小标题“Sweating is good for your skin.(出汗对你的皮肤有好处)”和前一句“However, leaving sweat on the skin for too long can cause skin diseases such as acne.(然而，汗液在皮肤上停留太长时间会导致痤疮等皮肤病)”可知，本段讲出汗对皮肤的好处，但是皮肤上停留太长时间会导致痤疮等皮肤病，由此推知，设空处应与清洗有关，C项“所以，出汗后洗脸和洗澡是很有必要的”符合语境，和前一句构成因果关系，故选C。 3. 根据本段小标题“Sweating makes you happy.(出汗让你快乐)”和空后一句“In a 2015 study, people who smelled “happy sweat” displayed tendencies associated with happiness.(在2015年的一项研究中，闻到‘快乐汗水’的人表现出与幸福相关的倾向)”可知，本段主要讲出汗让人感到快乐，闻到“快乐汗水”的人也会快乐，F项“汗流浃背的自己也会让你周围的人感到更快乐”符合语境，故选F。 4. 根据上文“When sitting in a sauna (桑拿), your body temperature rises, so your body works overtime to cool itself down by sweating.”（当你坐在桑拿浴室里时，你的体温会升高，所以你的身体会超时工作，通过出汗来降温）可知，选项承接上文说明其好处。故A选项“你会感觉更好”切题。故选A项。 5. 根据本段中“If you sweat heavily during exercise, that’s usually a positive sign.(如果你在运动中大量出汗，这通常是一个积极的迹象)”可知，本段是讲出汗多是一个积极的迹象，B项“出汗多意味着你很健康”符合语境，B项中的“a lot”和段落中“heavily”、“got sweatier”、“more sweat”相关，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东茂名·3月月考） Body Language Tips for Your Next Interview Body language can reveal yourselves, and interviewers are definitely paying attention to it. For a job interview, you want to present the best version of yourself. 1 Make a solid first impression. The interview begins as soon as you enter the building. When you connect with whomever you encounter, maintain strong eye contact and introduce yourself confidently. If you are in a waiting area, avoid hunching over (弯腰驼背) our phone. 2 Instead, sit upright in a comfortable position. 3 Discomfort is another issue that can be very disturbing for both you and the interviewer. Buying a nice pair of new shoes or a belt to match your suit may seem like a great idea, but if your wardrobe (衣柜) causes you to be nervous or do a lot of shifting, consider going with a proper but reliable choice instead. Be responsive and listen to understand. It’s natural to tell the interviewer all about yourself and the achievements and experiences that make you stand out. But don’t forget to listen and engage with what the interviewers are saying. 4 And how you behave when you’re not talking is an important part of the impression you’ll make. Be mindful of your hands. Interviewers are trying to get a sense of who you are, so let your personality shine through! This includes talking with your hands if that comes naturally to you. Stifling a feature like this can actually lead to unnecessary nervousness. 5 A. Buy new clothes before the interview. B. Think twice before wearing the new shoes. C. Just adopt the tips below to impress interviewers D. They will be looking to assess your interpersonal skills. E. They will assume you are not interested in your future position. F. This kind of body language can be easily understood as boredom. G. So feel free to use your hands to communicate effectively and sincerely. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. B 4. D 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在面试中如何通过肢体语言展现最佳自我，包括第一印象、穿着舒适度、倾听和手势等方面的建议。 1. 由上文“Body language can reveal yourselves, and interviewers are definitely paying attention to it. For a job interview, you want to present the best version of yourself. (肢体语言可以展现你自己，面试官肯定会注意到它。对于工作面试，你想展示出最好的自己)”和下文“Make a solid first impression. (给人留下深刻的第一印象。)”可知，上文描述肢体语言对面试有用，下文描述给面试官留下好印象的具体肢体语言建议，本空应强调下面是给面试官留下深刻印象的建议。C选项“Just adopt the tips below to impress interviewers. (只需采用下面的建议来给面试官留下深刻印象)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 2. 由上文“When you connect with whomever you encounter, maintain strong eye contact and introduce yourself confidently. If you are in a waiting area, avoid hunching over our phone. (当你遇到任何人时，保持强烈的眼神交流并自信地介绍自己。如果你在等候区，避免弯腰驼背看手机)”可知，此处需要说明弯腰驼背看手机这种肢体语言带来的不良影响。F选项“This kind of body language can be easily understood as boredom.(这种肢体语言很容易被理解为无聊)”解释了为什么要避免这种行为，能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 3. 由下文“Discomfort is another issue that can be very disturbing for both you and the interviewer. Buying a nice pair of new shoes or a belt to match your suit may seem like a great idea, but if your wardrobe (衣柜) causes you to be nervous or do a lot of shifting, consider going with a proper but reliable choice instead. (不适是另一个对您和面试官来说都非常困扰的问题。买一双漂亮的新鞋或一条与你的西装相配的腰带似乎是个好主意，但如果你的着装让你感到紧张或频繁挪动，那就考虑选择合适且可靠的搭配)”可知，下文围绕面试着装展开，所以本空应强调适合的着装。B选项“Think twice before wearing the new shoes. (穿新鞋前要三思)”以新鞋为例，引出着装不适的问题，符合语境。故选B。 4. 由上文“But don’t forget to listen and engage with what the interviewers are saying.(但不要忘记倾听并参与面试官所说的内容)”可知，上文强调倾听并参与面试官所说的内容，本空应解释倾听和参与的原因。D选项“They will be looking to assess your interpersonal skills.(他们会评估你的人际交往能力)”解释了原因，能承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 5. 由上文“Interviewers are trying to get a sense of who you are, so let your personality shine through! This includes talking with your hands if that comes naturally to you. Stifling a feature like this can actually lead to unnecessary nervousness. (面试官试图了解你是谁，所以让你的个性闪耀出来！这包括如果自然的话，用手势交流。抑制这样的特点实际上会导致不必要的紧张)”可知，上文强调自然地用手势交流的重要性，此处应对手势交流进行鼓励。G选项“So feel free to use your hands to communicate effectively and sincerely. (所以，尽情地用你的手进行有效而真诚的交流)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 4 （21-22高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习） A year ago, I had one of the most important interviews of my life. 1 To this question I could say what I thought the members of the interview wanted to hear. I’m so good at multitasking that I would be able to shoulder the various responsibilities. That might be true, yet it seemed to be unreal. The more honest answer was that I knew it would be difficult, but I wanted to try anyway. 2 This tough situation led me to hesitate during the interview. It also recalled my past experience of being interviewed when an interviewer asked me to give an example of a time when I had been caring. The answer that came to mind was that I volunteered at a nursing home and felt honored to sit with the patients and listen to their stories. But I didn’t think that was dramatic enough to impress the interviewers. So, instead I told them about when one of the residents threw up, I cleaned it up. 3 Obviously, that wasn’t caring and it suggested that my best quality was skillful at using mop (拖把). Back to my most recent interview and the question about how to shoulder the multiple responsibilities of the role. 4 I had learned the significance of being true to myself. So I answered simply, “With difficulty.” To my relief, the review members nodded knowingly and smiled. This exam can test my honesty and I can come up with appropriate answers. I’ve come to realize that interviews don’t have “right” or “wrong” answers. I still see them as exams, but they’re not testing my ability to copy somebody else’s answers. Actually, the exam is about something I am well familiar with: me. 5 A. I hesitated but not for long. B. I wasn’t sure which answer to give. C. Never give the interviewers wrong answers. D. It seemed the interviewers were quite satisfied. E. I immediately felt embarrassed after saying that. F. It’s not about “right” answers but about being yourself. G. At the end, I was asked how to balance the different parts of the role. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者回忆自己的一次面试经历，说明面试时要诚实，要做自己。 1. 由下文“To this question I could say what I thought the members of the interview wanted to hear”（针对这个问题我可以说出我认为面试人员想听的话），由此可知，空格处会提到“我”被问了一个问题，下文又说“I’m so good at multitasking that I would be able to shoulder the various responsibilities”（我很擅长同时处理多项任务，能够承担各种责任），G选项“At the end, I was asked how to balance the different parts of the role”中的“the different parts of the role”和“shoulder the various responsibilities”相互呼应，因此G选项切合题意。故选G项。 2. 空格后说“This tough situation led me to hesitate during the interviews”（这种艰难的局面让我在面试中犹豫不决），由此可知，作者不确定给什么答案，B选项“I wasn’t sure which answer to give”（我不确定该给出哪个答案）中的“wasn’t sure”和“hesitate”相一致，因此B选项切合题意。故选B项。 3. 空格前说“So, instead I told them about when one of the residents threw up, I cleaned it up”（我告诉他们，有个住院医生吐了，我就清理了），空格后说“Obviously, that wasn’t caring and it suggested that my best quality was skillful at using mop”（很明显这不是关心，这表明我最好的品质是熟练地使用拖把），因此E选项“I immediately felt embarrassed after saying that.”（回答后我立刻感到很尴尬）位于的空格处起着承上启下的作用，因此E选项切合题意。故选E项。 4. 根据空格后的“I had learned the significance of being true to myself. So I answered simply, With difficulty”（我明白了做真实的自己的意义。所以我简单地回答：“很难”），及第二段中的“This tough situation led me to hesitate during the interview”（这种艰难的局面让我在面试中犹豫不决），可知，作者在回答这个问题的时候虽然犹豫了但是最后还是回答了，因此A选项“I hesitated but not for long”（我犹豫了，但没多久）切合题意。故选A项。 5. 空格前说“Actually, the exam is about something I am well familiar with me”（其实，考试是关于我很熟悉的东西：我），F选项“It’s not about ‘right’ answers but about being yourself”（重要的不是“正确”的答案，而是做你自己）中的“being yourself”与上文的“me”相一致，因此F选项切合题意。故选F项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期中） Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. 1 However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, your eyes produce tears. These create a film (薄膜) over the eye’s surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection. Tears reduce stress, but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “ 2 They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. 3 Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely. When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock, anger, fear or grief, but they control the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist (精神治疗医师) Vera Diamond. 4 They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion. 5 It’s good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry,” Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical ways to deal with the problem.” Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry. A. People worry about showing their emotions. B. The more you cry, the healthier you will become. C. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. D. Sometimes patients participate in crying exercises. E. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. F. In certain situation, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. G. Many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了流泪的好处。 1. 根据上文“Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. (眼泪会破坏化妆，让谈话停止，让你流鼻涕)”可知，本句继续说明眼泪带给人的负面影响，E选项They指代Tears。故E选项“它们会让你感到尴尬，没有活力”符合语境，故选E。 2. 根据后文“They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back(他们害怕一旦失去控制，就再也回不来了)”可知，本句主要是在说明人们因为担心表达自己的情绪，克制不哭的情况。故A选项“人们担心表达自己的情绪”符合语境，故选A。 3. 根据上文“Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears.(几乎任何情绪——好或坏，快乐或悲伤——都会让人流泪)”以及后文“Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely.(当你因为非常强烈的感情而感到自己快要爆发时，眼泪会帮助你。这也许可以解释为什么害怕哭泣的人比那些自由哭泣的人更容易患心脏病)”可知，后文提到害怕哭泣的人比那些自由哭泣的人更容易患心脏病，以及眼泪会帮助你释放情绪，故C选项“哭泣是我们释放累积情绪的一种方式”符合语境，故选C。 4. 根据后文“They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion.(他们练习哭泣，这样他们就能习惯表达情感)”可知，本句是在说明后文的They指代的是谁，结合上文提到了精神治疗医师，可知是病人，故D选项“有时病人会参加哭泣练习”符合语境，故选D。 5. 根据后文“It’s good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry,” Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical ways to deal with the problem.”(在紧张的商务讨论中忍住眼泪是件好事。戴蒙德说：“但一旦你安全地关起门来，不要只是哭。”她建议你把整个情况再演一遍，随心所欲地吵闹和生气。这会让你感觉好一些。“而且，”她补充说，“一旦你的眼泪释放了压力，你就可以开始思考合理的方法来处理这个问题。”)”可知，后文提到在紧张的商务讨论中忍住眼泪是件好事，说明在工作中，流泪是不合适的。故F选项“在某些情况下，比如在工作中，流泪是不合适的”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 6 （23-24学年高二下•浙江省杭州期中） Being “outdoorsy” can stir up images of big beautiful national parks, snowy slopes or thick forests. 1 They don’t require the time, money or physical mobility of a big trip. Here are some steps you can take to get closer to nature. Think of time in nature as a “multivitamin”—it’s best to take it every day. 2 If you’re spending hours staring at a computer screen, you might feel pretty exhausted afterward. But if you get breaks or even micro restorative moments by getting outside, you recover some energy to use that mental muscle so you can do things that are hard to do. Find the people who enjoy the same activities. It takes some of the pressure off trying to explore the outdoors alone. 3 In a world where we’re constantly flooded with images of what an “outdoorsy person” should look like, finding your people might feel like a challenge. 4 You can bring the outdoors into your world. We are a part of nature, and nature is a part of us-regardless of where we are. Need a quick break from your “work screen time” for some “fun screen time”? There’s a nature fix for that: Check out the Find That Lizard game on your phone, where you have to find a lizard camouflaged (伪装) in its natural environment. 5 You can barbecue in your yard or the park, or open a window to get some fresh air. These are great options if you’re living in a city, or if you’re on a budget. A. Trying to get off screens? B. Needing a low-budget outdoor break? C. So nature is actually what you need to function well. D. But smaller moments in nature have been just as valuable. E. It’s also an important way to stay safe in more remote areas. F. Getting your daily amount of nature is vital to your well-being. G. Remember, you don’t have to be outdoors to experience nature. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些你可以采取的接近自然的步骤。 1. D选项“但在大自然中的短暂时刻也同样宝贵。”与上文“Being “outdoorsy” can stir up images of big beautiful national parks, snowy slopes or thick forests. (“户外运动”会让人想到美丽的国家公园、雪坡或茂密的森林)”形成转折关系，长时间户外活动虽好，但另一种休闲形式也不错，引出下文“They don’t require the time, money or physical mobility of a big trip. (它们不需要长途旅行的时间、金钱或体力)”讲短时间旅行的优点，D选项“但在大自然中的短暂时刻也同样宝贵。”切题，选项中“smaller moments”对应下文“They don’t require the time…of a big trip”。故选D项。 2. 由上文“Think of time in nature as a “multivitamin”—it’s best to take it every day. (把大自然中的时间想象成一种“多种维生素”——最好每天服用)”和下文“But if you get breaks or even micro restorative moments by getting outside, you recover some energy to use that mental muscle so you can do things that are hard to do. (但是，如果你通过外出获得休息，甚至是微小的恢复时刻，你会恢复一些能量来使用精神肌肉，这样你就可以做一些很难做的事情)”可知，贴近大自然对人健康有好处，所以作者建议读者每天要去享受大自然，F选项“每天享受大自然对你的健康至关重要。”切题。故选F项。 3. E选项“这也是在更偏远地区保持安全的重要方式。”和上文“It takes some of the pressure off trying to explore the outdoors alone. (它能让你独自探索户外减轻一些压力)”承接上文“Find the people who enjoy the same activities. (找到喜欢相同活动的人。)”，讲找到志趣相同的人的好处。故选E项。 4. G选项“记住，你不必在户外体验自然。”引出下文“You can bring the outdoors into your world. We are a part of nature, and nature is a part of us—regardless of where we are. (你可以把户外带入你的世界。我们是大自然的一部分，无论我们在哪里，大自然都是我们的一部分)”，讲自然无处不在，人们的生活中也有自然，无需在户外体验自然。故选G项。 5. 下文“You can barbecue in your yard or the park, or open a window to get some fresh air. These are great options if you’re living in a city, or if you’re on a budget. (你可以在院子里或公园里烧烤，或者打开窗户呼吸新鲜空气。如果你住在城市里，或者你有预算，这些都是不错的选择)”是对A选项“试图离开屏幕？”的回答，即作者建议读者离开屏幕，亲身体验大自然。故选A项。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·3月月考） Across an average lifetime, we spend roughly eighty-two days brushing our teeth. It’s an important step in our daily routine. 1 Newsweek spoke to Dr. Smita Mehra, principal dentist at The Neem Tree Dental Practices, to find out what mistakes many of us are making when it comes to brushing our teeth and what we should be doing instead. Mistake 1: Using whitening toothpaste every day While whitening toothpastes are generally safe to use, using them every day or at high levels may have the potential to cause damage. This is because the peroxide (过氧化氢) content in some whitening gels and toothpastes has the potential to cause ulcers (溃疡) if used in high quantities.” If you want to use a whitening toothpaste, seek professional advice from dentists. 2 Mistake 2: 3 How many of you eat your breakfast then immediately go to the bathroom to brush your teeth? Actually, dentists recommend that you wait about an hour before brushing your teeth after eating. This is because brushing your teeth right after eating these foods can actually damage your enamel (牙釉质) especially when you eat food that is acid. You are essentially brushing acid in your mouth all over your teeth. Allowing time between brushing and consuming foods allows the saliva in your mouth to wash away any acid. Mistake 3: Brushing your teeth too hard 4 But actually brushing too hard can contribute to worn enamel, which may contribute to sensitivity and gum (牙龈) disease in the long run. The best way to brush your teeth to guarantee maximum cleaning and little damage is to brush gently but thoroughly, using a soft brush. Pressure isn’t the only thing you need to consider when brushing your teeth. Mistake 4: Skipping your bedtime brush While official guidelines recommend brushing your teeth twice a day, many of us consider the morning brush to be the priority. But while your morning breath might feel worse, brushing your teeth before bed is even more important. Never forget to brush before bedtime. 5 In addition, while you sleep, the washing action of your mouth i.e., your saliva also reduces, and therefore not much cleaning happens naturally. A. Brushing your teeth after eating acid food. B. Brushing your teeth immediately after eating C. They will direct you on how often you should be using whitening toothpaste. D. Roughly 37 million Americans spend billions of dollars every year on tooth care. E. However, many of us are doing it wrong without noticing the potential damage it might cause. F. That is the time when all of your dinner goes bad in your mouth and bacteria are having a field day. G. Many people assume that by applying more pressure to the teeth, you are getting rid of more bacteria. 【答案】1. E 2. C 3. B 4. G 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于刷牙的一些常见误区。 1. 前文“It’s an important step in our daily routine.(这是我们日常生活中重要的一步。)”讲述了刷牙是日常生活的重要事情，后文“Newsweek spoke to Dr. Smita Mehra, principal dentist at The Neem Tree Dental Practices, to find out what mistakes many of us are making when it comes to brushing our teeth and what we should be doing instead.(《新闻周刊》采访了印楝树牙科诊所的首席牙医Smita Mehra医生，以了解我们中的许多人在刷牙时犯了什么错误，以及我们应该做什么。)”提到了采访Smita Mehra医生以了解我们在刷牙时的错误，由此可知，空处应和刷牙错误有关，E项“然而，我们中的许多人都做错了，没有注意到它可能造成的潜在损害。”与前文形成转折，引出下文。故选E。 2. 前文“If you want to use a whitening toothpaste, seek professional advice from dentists.(如果你想使用美白牙膏，请向牙医寻求专业建议。)”建议征求牙医的意见，空处应进一步说明牙医起的帮助作用，C项“他们会指导你多久使用一次美白牙膏。”符合题意。故选C。 3. 根据下文“How many of you eat your breakfast then immediately go to the bathroom to brush your teeth?(你们中有多少人吃完早餐后立即去洗手间刷牙？)”可知，本段主要讲述的是吃完饭后直接刷牙的错误行为，B项“饭后立即刷牙”符合题意。故选B。 4. 根据前文“Brushing your teeth too hard(刷牙太用力)”和后文“But actually brushing too hard can contribute to worn enamel, which may contribute to sensitivity and gum (牙龈) disease in the long run.(但实际上，刷牙太用力会导致牙釉质磨损，从长远来看，这可能会导致敏感性和牙龈疾病。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是刷牙太用力的错误，且后文指出这会导致牙齿敏感和牙龈疾病，由后文的But此可知，空处应讲述一般人错误地认为刷牙要用力，与下文形成转折，G项“许多人认为，通过对牙齿施加更大的压力，可以清除更多的细菌。”符合题意。故选G。 5. 前文“Never forget to brush before bedtime.(睡前别忘了刷牙。)”建议睡前刷牙，后文“In addition, while you sleep, the washing action of your mouth i.e., your saliva also reduces, and therefore not much cleaning happens naturally.(此外，当你睡觉时，口腔的清洁作用，即唾液也会减少，因此自然不会发生太多的清洁。)”补充说明了睡前必须刷牙的原因，由此可知，空处应与为什么睡前有必要刷牙有关系，F项“这个时候，你所有的晚餐都在嘴里变质，细菌肆虐。”符合题意，故选F。 Passage 8 （22-23高二下·湖北襄阳·期中） ChatGPT, launched in November, 2022, has attracted over 100 million monthly users in just two months, which is considered the fastest-growing consumer app. 1 ChatGPT can write emails, computer code, even academic papers and poems. 2 With various functions, it is suspected to do no good to many areas, especially the higher education. So is ChatGPT a benefit or a trouble? 3 Some universities have banned it due to the warning that it could cause more students to cheat, especially in exams. 4 Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, for instance, said he welcomes ChatGPT because “it gives people a chance” to concentrate less on tasks that technology can perform equally well. According to a survey covering more than 100 educators and over 1,000 students, one-third of the educators said they believe ChatGPT should be banned in schools and universities, while the rest supported students having access to it. The attitude of most students sees a distinct difference. 5 As a result, the observed value and usefulness of ChatGPT seem to outweigh the risks. What we should focus on has shifted to better deal with the chatbot and its development. A. It is undoubtedly a shocking achievement. B. The answers varies greatly across the world. C. Others regard it as an aid rather than a barrier. D. It is widely discussed whether AI should be involved in a scientific article. E. They admitted having sought help from ChatGPT to complete their homework. F. The worry is that ChatGPT could change the structure of higher education. G. Also, it has succeeded in passing different kinds of exams. 【答案】1. A 2. G 3. B 4. C 5. E 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了短短两个月就风靡世界的应用程序 ChatGPT，ChatGPT是祸还是福，人们的观点因人而异。 1. 根据上文“ChatGPT, launched in November, 2022, has attracted over 100 million monthly users in just two months, which is considered the fastest-growing consumer app. (ChatGPT于2022年11月推出，在短短两个月内就吸引了超过1亿的月用户，被认为是增长最快的消费应用程序)”可知， ChatGPT 短短两个月就风靡世界，A项“It is undoubtedly a shocking achievement. (这无疑是一项令人震惊的成就)”符合题意， A 项中的 It 指代上文的现象，上下文衔接连贯。故选A。 2. 根据上文“ChatGPT can write emails, computer code, even academic papers and poems. (ChatGPT 可以写电子邮件，计算机代码，甚至学术论文和诗歌)”可知，ChatGPT 有很多功能，G项“Also, it has succeeded in passing different kinds of exams. (此外，它还成功地通过了各种考试)”符合题意，其中的Also，道出了ChatGPT的另一个功能，上文与G项为并列关系；下文“With various functions, it is suspected to do no good to multiple areas, above all the higher education. (它的功能多种多样，但被怀疑对多个领域都没有好处，尤其是高等教育)”中的various functions，即上文提及的 ChatGPT 的功能，可能对多个领域，包括高等教育，起到不好的影响，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选G。 3. 根据下文“Some universities have banned it due to the warning that it could prompt more students to cheat, especially in exams. (一些大学已经禁止了ChatGPT，因为警告称这可能会促使更多学生作弊，尤其是在考试中)”以及“Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, for instance, said he welcomes ChatGPT because ‘it gives people a chance’ to concentrate less on tasks that technology can perform equally well. (例如，经济合作与发展组织教育与技能主管安德烈亚斯•施莱歇尔表示，他欢迎ChatGPT，因为“它给了人们一个机会”，可以减少对技术同样能胜任的任务的关注)”可知，人们对 ChatGPT的看法不一。B项“The answers vary greatly across the world.(世界各地的答案大相径庭)”符合题意。故选B。 4. 上文“Some universities have banned it due to the warning that it could prompt more students to cheat, especially in exams. (一些大学已经禁止了 ChatGPT，因为警告称这可能会促使更多学生作弊，尤其是在考试中)”为反对学生使用ChatGPT的态度，下文“Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, for instance, said he welcomes ChatGPT because ‘it gives people a chance’ to concentrate less on tasks that technology can perform equally well. (例如，经济合作与发展组织教育与技能主管安德烈亚斯•施莱歇尔表示，他欢迎ChatGPT，因为“它给了人们一个机会”，可以减少对技术同样能胜任的任务的关注)”则是以安德烈亚斯•施莱歇尔为例，表达了对学生使用ChatGPT的支持，上下文衔接连贯。C项“By comparison, others regard it as a blessing rather than a curse.(相比之下，其他人认为这是一种祝福而不是诅咒)”符合题意，与上文构成对比关系，且开启下文。故选C。 5. 根据上文“According to a survey covering more than 100 educators and over 1,000 students, one-third of the educators said they believe ChatGPT should be banned in schools and universities, while the rest supported students having access to it. The attitude of most students sees a distinct difference. (根据一项涵盖100多名教育工作者和 1000多名学生的调查，三分之一的教育工作者表示，他们认为中小学和大学应该禁止ChatGPT，而其余的人则支持学生使用ChatGPT。大多数学生的态度有明显的不同)”可知，在ChatGPT 的使用问题上，大多数学生与教育工作者态度不一样，E项“They admitted having sought help from ChatGPT to complete their homework. (他们承认曾向ChatGPT寻求帮助以完成作业)”符合题意，其中的They指代上文的学生，大多数学生支持学生使用ChatGPT，上下文语意衔接连贯。故选E。 Passage 9 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省黄冈3月月考） Understanding Group Study Group study is a common practice among students of all ages. 1 It is commonly believed to be an effective way to supplement individual learning. When studying in a group, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations. Each member should have a role and responsibility to ensure that the group stays on track. 2 He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways. 3 Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand. Group study can also increase motivation and responsibility. When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus. 4 This can help keep everyone on track and motivated to complete the task at hand. Despite those benefits, group study can present challenges. 5 Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning. External distractions, such as noise or interruptions, can also be a challenge in group study. However, by working collaboratively, group members can overcome these challenges and have a successful study session. Overall, group study can be a valuable tool for students of all ages. By working together, students can enhance their learning experience and achieve their academic goals. A. It is also important to have an appointed leader. B. It is common to encounter different learning styles. C. Group study can have a positive impact on preventing study-related stress. D. One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others. E. Therefore, studying in a group requires careful planning, communication, and collaboration. F. However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members. G. It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. D 4. F 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小组学习的相关内容，包括小组学习的定义、重要性、优势、挑战以及总结。 1. 根据空前“Group study is a common practice among students of all ages.(小组学习是各年龄段学生中常见的一种学习方式。)”可知上文提到了小组学习。选项G“It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process.(它指的是在一个由两人或更多人组成的小组中进行学习，每个成员都为学习过程贡献力量。)”对小组学习进行解释，说明它涉及两个或更多人一起学习，每个成员都为学习过程做出贡献，符合语境。故选G。 2. 根据下文“He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways.(他或她能够引导小组，确保每位成员都积极参与。小组学习在诸多方面都有益处。)”可推测，空处需要介绍一个领导者。选项A“It is also important to have an appointed leader.(此外，指定一名组长也很重要。)”提到指定领导者很重要。选项中的“leader”和下文的“he or she”保持一致。故选A。 3. 空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand.(每个成员都能为小组带来独特的视角和一系列技能，这能提升学习体验。而且，有人以不同方式讲解一个概念或问题，也有助于理解。)”可知，本段主要讲述了小组学习的好处。选项D“One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others.(其中一个好处是，成员们有机会分享知识并相互学习。)”指出其中一个好处是有机会分享知识并向他人学习，符合段落主旨。故选D。 4. 根据空前“When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus.(独自学习时，人们很容易拖延或走神。)”可知，独自学习的时候人们会走神。选项F“However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members.(然而，在小组学习中，每个成员都对其他成员负有责任感。)”通过转折，表明在小组学习时，每个成员对其他成员都有责任感，与前文独自学习形成对比。故选F。 5. 根据下文“Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning.(有些成员可能更喜欢视觉辅助工具，而另一些成员可能更喜欢实践活动或听觉学习方式。)”可知，下文提到小组成员可能有不同的学习风格。选项B“It is common to encounter different learning styles.(在小组中，遇到不同的学习风格很常见。)”自然引出下文内容，符合逻辑。故选B。 Passage 10 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） Every time I put on my seat belt, check my mirror and turn on the engine, I type in the address of wherever I’m going into my phone. 1 Without the guide of GPS — the Global Positioning System — not only would I be lost, I’d feel lost. It makes me wonder: Is there anything I can do to improve my navigation (导航) skills? The answer is yes. Here are some steps you can take to boost your sense of direction. 2 If you’re not pressed for time, give up the automobile navigation and try to find your way around town. Next time you go for a walk, go down a road you’ve not walked. Or take the scenic route to your favorite bar. This works if you’re walking, biking or driving. Then see if you can make it back home without a GPS. Use landmarks to direct yourself. 3 To identify your position, the experts suggest picking a few landmarks in town to help navigate yourself. The ideal landmark is large and far away, like a big sign, a highway, a tall building or a bridge. Be curious about your surroundings. Whether you’re going somewhere new or to a place you’ve been to many times, it’s helpful to just turn around and see what the view looks like behind you. 4 This gives you visual reminders on how to get back. Use memory tricks to remember where you are. People with a good sense of direction know their streets. If you aren’t such a person, you can try an expert navigation method. Commit street names, landmarks and routes to memory by using tricks to lock things in. 5 A. Take your time to map your town. B. I have a terrible sense of direction. C. Turn off your GPS and get lost on purpose. D. What landmarks will you recommend to visitors? E. This is especially helpful when street names are abstract. F. Not sure if you’re north, south, east or west from home? G. Looking at your surroundings can help you remember your route. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高方向感的几个步骤。 1. 根据上文“Every time I put on my seat belt, check my mirror and turn on the engine, I type in the address of wherever I’m going into my phone.(每次我系上安全带，检查后视镜，发动引擎，我都会在手机上输入我要去的地方的地址。)”和下文“Without the guide of GPS — the Global Positioning System — not only would I be lost, I’d feel lost.(如果没有全球定位系统（GPS）的引导，我不仅会迷路，还会感到迷茫。)”可知，作者每次出行都要依靠GPS，如果没有GPS的引导，作者不仅会迷路，还会感到迷茫，这说明作者的方向感很差。所以选项B“我的方向感很差”符合语境。故选B。 2. 设空处为段首句，引领下文；根据下文“If you’re not pressed for time, give up the automobile navigation and try to find your way around town.(如果你时间不急，放弃汽车导航，试着在城里找路。)”可知，本段建议关掉汽车导航，试着在城里自己找路，故意让自己迷路，以此来提高导航技能。所以选项C“关掉你的GPS，故意迷路”符合语境。故选C。 3. 根据下文“To identify your position, the experts suggest picking a few landmarks in town to help navigate yourself.(为了确定你的位置，专家建议在城里挑选一些地标来帮助你导航。)”可知，本段建议利用地标来给自己指引方向，确定自己的位置，说明有时候我们可能不清楚自己的具体位置，所以需要地标来帮忙确定，选项F“不确定你家是在北边、南边、东边还是西边？”引出下文，符合语境。故选F。 4. 根据上文“Whether you’re going somewhere new or to a place you’ve been to many times, it’s helpful to just turn around and see what the view looks like behind you.(无论你是要去一个新的地方，还是去过很多次的地方，只要转过身来看看身后的景色，都会很有帮助。)”和下文“This gives you visual reminders on how to get back.(这给了你视觉上的提示，告诉你如何回去。)”可知，本段建议多观察周围的环境，转过身来看看身后的景色，这有助于记住路线，给自己如何返回提供视觉上的提示，选项G“观察周围的环境可以帮助你记住路线”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 5. 根据上文“Commit street names, landmarks and routes to memory by using tricks to lock things in.(通过使用技巧来锁定事物，将街道名称、地标和路线牢记在心。)”可知，本段建议使用记忆技巧来记住自己所在的位置，通过技巧将街道名称、地标和路线牢记在心，这对于街道名称很抽象的情况特别有帮助，选项E“当街道名称很抽象时，这尤其有帮助”符合语境，“This”指代上文中“Commit street names, landmarks and routes to memory by using tricks to lock things in”。故选E。 Passage 11 （24-25学年高二下•湖北省武汉3月月考） One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 1 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 3 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. 4 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 5       Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. G 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。 1. 上文“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are often simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“too much”形成对比。故选C项。 2. 上文“Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly to what matters to them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。 3. 下文“However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。 4. 下文“If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience involved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。 5. 上文“If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。 Passage 12 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·3月月考） We’ve all been there before — you’re in conversation, things are getting along nicely. 1 . At that moment, your mind goes completely blank, you don’t know what to say, and you can sense the other person’s eyes wandering as they look for someone else to talk to. That scenario (场面) is terrible, so here are three tips to make sure that you never run out of things to say in conversation again. Firstly, when you find yourself in that situation where your mind has gone blank, play “Reminds Me of”. That just means that you look to the environment around you and say, “You know, that reminds me of……” and then fill in the blank. 2 And it can also work as a follow-up when someone finishes telling a story, which is how many groups of friends interact all the time. Second, when you ask questions, keep them open-ended as often as possible. 3 So rather than saying, “Oh, you’re from Toronto. Do you like it there?” you might say, “How do you like Toronto? I’m curious to hear more about it.” You should get the other person talking about the things that they like, which is going to open up more conversational topics. 4 This is the third tip. If you’re in a new group and conversation dies after initial pleasantries, a great question is, “How do you guys all know one another?” There’s almost always some kind of story that conversation can build from. If you’re only speaking to one person, you can say instead, “So what’s your story?” The great thing about this question is that it is so open-ended that the other person will probably guide you towards new topics, usually responding with something like, “You mean what do I do for work or what do I like to do for fun?” 5 A. Ask them about their exciting plans for the future. B. It is great for opening new conversational topics. C. Then out of nowhere, the awkward silence occurs. D. You’d better avoid questions inviting a one-word response. E. That’s because people don’t like to talk to others different from themselves. F. For the worst scenario when conversation stops suddenly, use saving questions. G. His or her tone and enthusiasm will tell you the best angle of conversation to continue with. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. F 5. G 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三个谈话技巧，可以确保在谈话中永远不会无话可说。 1. 前文“We’ve all been there before — you’re in conversation, things are getting along nicely.(我们都有过这样的经历——你在交谈，事情进展得很顺利。)”描述对话中原本顺利，后文“At that moment, your mind goes completely blank, you don’t know what to say, and you can sense the other person’s eyes wandering as they look for someone else to talk to.(在那一刻，你的大脑一片空白，你不知道该说什么，你可以感觉到对方的眼睛在四处游荡，因为他们在寻找可以说话的人。)”说明对话突然出现尴尬的沉默，导致对方失去兴趣。选项C“然后不知怎么的，尴尬的沉默出现了。” 承前启后，对应前文things are getting along nicely的转折，自然引出后文mind goes blank的场景。故选C。 2. 前文“Firstly, when you find yourself in that situation where your mind has gone blank, play “Reminds Me of”. (首先，当你发现自己处于大脑一片空白的状态时，播放“Reminds Me of”。)”介绍Reminds Me of的方法技巧，后文“And it can also work as a follow-up when someone finishes telling a story, which is how many groups of friends interact all the time.(当有人讲完一个故事时，它也可以作为后续工作，这就是有多少群朋友一直在互动。)”提到它可作为对话的后续提问。选项B“这是开启新的谈话话题的好方法。”强调该方法技巧开启新话题的作用，与后文逻辑一致。故选B。 3. 前文“Second, when you ask questions, keep them open-ended as often as possible.(第二，当你问问题的时候，尽可能保持开放性。)”建议使用开放式问题，后文“So rather than saying, “Oh, you’re from Toronto. Do you like it there?” you might say, “How do you like Toronto? I’m curious to hear more about it.”(所以不要说，“哦，你来自多伦多。你喜欢那里吗？你可能会说，“你觉得多伦怎么样？我很想多听一些。”)”举例对比封闭式问题和开放式问题。选项D“你最好避免用一个词来回答问题。”直接对应keep them open-ended，说明封闭式问题的弊端。故选D。 4. 后文“This is the third tip. If you’re in a new group and conversation dies after initial pleasantries, a great question is, “How do you guys all know one another?” There’s almost always some kind of story that conversation can build from. (这是第三个技巧。如果你在一个新群体里，在最初的寒暄之后，谈话就结束了，一个很好的问题是，“你们是怎么认识彼此的？”几乎总有一些故事可以作为对话的基础。)”提出第三个技巧，针对对话突然中断的情况提出建议。选项F“在最糟糕的情况下，当谈话突然停止时，使用挽救性问题。”直接点明使用“挽救性问题”，与后文How do you guys all know one another?的例子匹配。故选F。 5. 前文“The great thing about this question is that it is so open-ended that the other person will probably guide you towards new topics, usually responding with something like, “You mean what do I do for work or what do I like to do for fun?”(这个问题的好处是，它是开放式的，对方可能会引导你谈论新的话题，通常会这样回答：“你的意思是我做什么工作，或者我喜欢做什么娱乐？”)”提到对方可能反问“工作还是兴趣”，选项G“他或她的语气和热情会告诉你继续谈话的最佳角度。” 说明通过对方的反应找到对话方向，与前文逻辑衔接。故选G。 Passage 13 （24-25高二下·湖南郴州·3月月考） Genes, the basic units of heredity, play a crucial role in determining our physical characteristics and health conditions. 1 With the development of modern technology, genetic testing has become an important tool for understanding our biological makeup. When you take a genetic test, scientists will analyze your DNA sample. 2 For example, some tests can tell if you carry genes that might increase your risk of certain diseases like breast cancer or heart conditions. This knowledge can help people take preventive measures early. However, genetic testing also raises ethical questions. 3 Should employers have access to this information? What if insurance companies use it to deny coverage? What if hospitals prioritize treatments based on genetic risks? These issues require careful consideration. 4 This needs countries to work together, set clear rules, and prevent unfair treatment. For example, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) created the “Framework for Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Health-related Data”. It unifies privacy rules in over 40 countries, letting scientists study rare diseases using anonymous genetic data. At the same time, it requires strict compliance (遵守) of laws and stops any harmful use of personal information. These actions show how global teamwork can protect people’s privacy while helping medical science move forward. Though not perfect, genetic testing offers valuable insights. By understanding our genetic risks, we can make better lifestyle choices and work with doctors to create personalized health plans. For example, individuals with a genetic tendency for heart disease might increase cardiovascular exercises and reduce saturated fat intake. 5 A. Ultimately, this knowledge enables proactive health management tailored to individual needs. B. They contain codes for proteins that directly affect bodily functions and health. C. To address these risks, legal frameworks must balance privacy protection with research needs. D. Laboratory technicians compare DNA samples to identify unique genetic markers. E. These analyses can detect gene variations linked to inherited (遗传) diseases. F. The ownership and use of genetic information remain highly controversial (有争议的). G. Effective data protection methods are essential for securing genetic databases. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. F 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了基因在决定我们的身体特征和健康状况方面的作用，以及基因检测技术的发展、应用、伦理问题及其全球合作的解决方案。 1. 上文“Genes, the basic units of heredity, play a crucial role in determining our physical characteristics and health conditions. (基因，遗传的基本单位，在决定我们的身体特征和健康状况方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”说明基因的重要性，空处应继续说明基因如何影响我们，B选项“They contain codes for proteins that directly affect bodily functions and health. (它们包含直接影响身体功能和健康的蛋白质的编码)”进一步解释了基因如何对身体产生影响，“They”指代上文的“Genes”，起到承接上文的作用。故选B。 2. 上文“When you take a genetic test, scientists will analyze your DNA sample. (当你进行基因检测时，科学家会分析你的DNA样本)”及下文“For example, some tests can tell if you carry genes that might increase your risk of certain diseases like breast cancer or heart conditions. (例如，一些测试可以判断你是否携带可能增加患某些疾病（如乳腺癌或心脏病）风险的基因)”说明科学家会分析DNA样本来判断某些疾病的风险，空处承上启下，说明科学家是如何分析的，E选项“These analyses can detect gene variations linked to inherited (遗传) diseases. (这些分析可以检测到与遗传疾病相关的基因变异)”中的“These analyses”承接上文的“analyze your DNA sample”，“detect gene variations linked to inherited diseases”与下文举例内容相呼应，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选E。 3. 上文“However, genetic testing also raises ethical questions. (然而，基因检测也引发了伦理问题)”说明基因检测引发了关于信息使用和隐私的伦理问题，F选项“The ownership and use of genetic information remain highly controversial (有争议的). (基因信息的所有权和使用仍然存在很大争议)”既承接上文基因测试引发伦理问题，又引出下文关于基因信息使用争议的具体例子“Should employers have access to this information? What if insurance companies use it to deny coverage? What if hospitals prioritize treatments based on genetic risks? (雇主应该获取这些信息吗？如果保险公司利用它拒绝承保怎么办？如果医院根据遗传风险优先治疗怎么办？)”。故选F。 4. 下文“This needs countries to work together, set clear rules, and prevent unfair treatment. (这需要各国共同努力，制定明确的规则，防止不公平待遇)”说明需要国际合作和制定规则来解决基因检测的伦理问题，空处引出下文，说明为了解决这些问题需要做什么，C选项“To address these risks, legal frameworks must balance privacy protection with research needs. (为了解决这些风险，法律框架必须在隐私保护和研究需求之间取得平衡)”符合语境。故选C。 5. 上文“Though not perfect, genetic testing offers valuable insights. By understanding our genetic risks, we can make better lifestyle choices and work with doctors to create personalized health plans. For example, individuals with a genetic tendency for heart disease might increase cardiovascular exercises and reduce saturated fat intake. (虽然并不完美，但基因检测提供了有价值的见解。通过了解我们的遗传风险，我们可以做出更好的生活方式选择，并与医生合作制定个性化的健康计划。例如，有心脏病遗传倾向的个体可能会增加心血管锻炼，减少饱和脂肪的摄入)”说明基因检测可以帮助我们做出更好的健康选择，空处总结上文，说明基因检测的好处，A选项“Ultimately, this knowledge enables proactive health management tailored to individual needs. (最终，这些知识使能够根据个人需求进行主动健康管理成为可能)”强调了解基因风险带来的最终好处，符合语境。故选A。 Passage 14 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·3月月考） How to stay fit while traveling rarely scores high on our priority list. Sometimes it is not that we’re not motivated to stay fit or have no time. I believe the issue is that we are out of our regular “home routine”. 1 Our brain simply can’t link the new environment to our usual habits and puts itself in “explorer’s mode”. How can we stay fit while traveling? Have a strong vision. The best way to create motivation to stay fit is something you can visualize. If you have the visual, it is good. 2 If it helps, write it on a piece of paper and put it in your wallet. This will serve as a vision for you. Once you focus on the vision and consistently think about it, things get easier. Prepare a “travel routine” ahead of time. Consistency is the most important part of the training process. 3 I found that having a “travel routine” helps to signal the brain that from the organizational perspective nothing has changed. It doesn’t have to be very detailed and can be as simple as a set of principles, like exercising in the morning or not eating too much after 6:00 p. m. 4 The easiest way to stay fit while traveling is to move and make active lifestyle a habit. Walk a couple of stops instead of taking the public transport. Use the stairs instead of an elevator. If there’s a nice viewpoint, look for a way to hike to it rather than drive to it. Sure, it will be tough at first, but our bodies are good at adapting to anything. 5 A. People, language, food — everything is different. B. Stick to 10-minute morning stretches daily. C. Picture it, feel it, and most importantly, focus on it. D. Yet, traveling tends to break our regular pattern and change our focus. E. Walk and explore more. F. Gradually, you’ll become stronger and start enjoying it. G. Don’t let travel become an excuse for being lazy. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了旅行时保持健康的方法。 1. 根据上文“Sometimes it is not that we’re not motivated to stay fit or have no time. I believe the issue is that we are out of our regular “home routine”. (有时候并不是我们没有动力去保持健康或者没有时间。我认为问题在于我们脱离了正常的“家庭生活”。)”和下文“Our brain simply can’t link the new environment to our usual habits and puts itself in ‘explorer’s mode’. (我们的大脑根本无法将新环境与我们平常的习惯联系起来，并且使自己处于 “探索者模式”。)”可知，此处应具体说明旅行中环境的不同。A选项 “人、语言、食物 —— 一切都不同”符合语境，承上启下，故选A。 2. 根据上文“The best way to create motivation to stay fit is something you can visualize. If you have the visual, it is good. (创造保持健康的动力的最佳方式是你可以想象的东西。如果你有了这种想象的画面，那就很好。)”可知，此处应继续阐述与想象相关的内容。C选项 “想象它，感受它，最重要的是，专注于它。”与上文的“visualize”和“visual”相呼应，符合语境，故选C。 3. 根据上文“Consistency is the most important part of the training process. (连贯性是训练过程中最重要的部分。)”以及下文“I found that having a ‘travel routine’ helps to signal the brain that from the organizational perspective nothing has changed. (我发现有一个 “旅行日常” 有助于向大脑发出信号，即从组织的角度来看，没有什么改变)”可知，此处应提到旅行对常规模式的影响。D选项“然而，旅行往往会打破我们的常规模式并改变我们的关注点。”与上文的 “Consistency”形成转折，同时引出下文的“travel routine”，符合语境，故选D。 4. 根据下文“The easiest way to stay fit while traveling is to move and make active lifestyle a habit. Walk a couple of stops instead of taking the public transport. Use the stairs instead of an elevator. (在旅行中保持健康的最简单方法是移动并使积极的生活方式成为一种习惯。步行几个站点而不是乘坐公共交通工具。使用楼梯而不是电梯。)”可知，此处应总结该段内容，强调多步行和探索。E选项“多步行并更多地探索。”符合语境，故选E。 5. 根据上文“Sure, it will be tough at first, but our bodies are good at adapting to anything. (当然，一开始会很艰难，但我们的身体擅长适应任何事情。)”可知，此处应说明随着时间推移，身体适应后的结果。F选项“逐渐地，你会变得更强壮并开始享受它。”符合语境，承接前文，故选F。 Passage 15 （24-25学年高二下•广东省茂名3月月考） Classroom environments play a crucial role in students’ learning experiences. A setting filled with too many things can look untidy. 1 Therefore, teachers are supposed to be careful with what they want their classroom to look like. While controlling all factors may be challenging, teachers can manage the materials on classroom walls to reduce distractions (分散注意力的事)。 2 A student’s working memory processes visual and verbal (口头的) information. Too many posters, regulations, or information sources can overload a student’s working memory, making it difficult to focus and process information. 3 The average preschool is overloaded with labels, lists, and rules, which can decrease children’s ability to focus and learn. Decorations are sometimes mistaken for quality. Experts point out that reading and writing performances are particularly affected by levels of stimulation, while math benefits from student-centered and personalized classroom designs. Involving students in designing their learning space can give them a sense of ownership and pride. 4 The color of the classroom is another critical factor. Red and orange can make students feel nervous, while blue and green are calming. Younger children may respond well to bright colors like yellow, but older students benefit from light shades of blue and green. The International Association of Color Consultants North America emphasizes the importance of appropriate color design for creating conducive (有利的) learning environments and promoting health. 5 Such settings are likely to cause students to become uninterested in learning. Therefore, teachers should be mindful of the impacts of visual stimuli on their students and work to minimize distractions for better academic performance. A. It distracts students and negatively impacts their academic performance. B. Classrooms often become text and picture-rich from early education levels. C. Teachers should consider featuring student works to promote student worth. D. Alternatively, colorless and poorly lit classrooms are often considered boring. E. Classroom environments are intended to stimulate enthusiasm and participation. F. Overstimulation in the environment increases competition for a student’s attention. G. A combination of bright and light colors benefits academic performance and health. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. B 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了教室环境对学生学习的影响。 1. 由上文“A setting filled with too many things can look untidy. (一个摆满太多东西的环境会显得很凌乱)”可知，上文描述了环境太凌乱，本空应强调环境太凌乱会有不好的影响。A项“It distracts students and negatively impacts their academic performance. (它会分散学生的注意力，并对他们的学业成绩产生负面影响)”讲述了环境太凌乱带来的后果，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 2. 由下文“A student’s working memory processes visual and verbal (口头的) information. Too many posters, regulations, or information sources can overload a student’s working memory, making it difficult to focus and process information. (学生的工作记忆处理视觉和口头信息。太多的海报、规则或信息来源可能会使学生的工作记忆超负荷，从而难以集中注意力和处理信息)”可知，下文描述了环境里的视觉刺激对学生注意力的影响，本空应强调教室环境的视觉刺激分散学生注意力，F项“Overstimulation in the environment increases competition for a student’s attention. (环境中的过度刺激会增加对学生注意力的争夺)”能够引起下文，符合题意，故选F。 3. 由下文“The average preschool is overloaded with labels, lists, and rules, which can decrease children’s ability to focus and learn. (普通的幼儿园里贴满了标签、清单和规则，这会降低孩子们专注和学习的能力)”可知，下文举例说明了普通的幼儿园中教室环境对孩子们专注和学习的能力的影响，本空应强调早期教育阶段教室环境，B项“Classrooms often become text and picture-rich from early education levels. (从早期教育阶段开始，教室就常常充满了文字和图片)”能够引起下文，符合题意，故选B。 4. 上文“Involving students in designing their learning space can give them a sense of ownership and pride. (让学生参与设计他们的学习空间可以给他们一种归属感和自豪感)”可知，上文介绍了让学生参与设计教室的好处，本空应强调老师可以让学生参与设计教室，C项“Teachers should consider featuring student works to promote student worth. (老师们应该考虑展示学生的作品来提升学生的价值)”能够承接上文，符合题意，故选C。 5. 上文“The International Association of Color Consultants North America emphasizes the importance of appropriate color design for creating conducive (有利的) learning environments and promoting health. (北美国际色彩顾问协会强调了适当的色彩设计对于创造有利的学习环境和促进健康的重要性) ”可知，上文讲的适当的色彩设计的好处，本空应继续谈论色彩设计的影响，D项“Alternatively, colorless and poorly lit classrooms are often considered boring. (相反，无色且采光不佳的教室通常被认为很乏味)”讲的是色彩设计不好的教室的情况，能够承接上文，符合题意，故选D。 Passage 16 （24-25学年高二下•广东省恩平3月月考） Protecting the Ecological Environment As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil.   1 Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes. 2 Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss. 3 Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment. Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on. 4 Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment. We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity. 5 We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars. Moreover, raising public awareness of environmental protection is essential. Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting the ecological environment as well as takes action can we hope to have a sustainable future. A. Deforestation is another major issue. B. This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste. C. Cutting carbon emissions is essential for our welfare. D. After all, their cost may add too much burden to our lives. E. They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy. F. To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures. G. However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. F 4. E 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是生态环境的重要性及当前面临的威胁，如工业污染和森林砍伐，并提出了包括立法、使用可再生能源及提升公众意识在内的多种保护措施。 1. 根据上文的“As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil.(众所周知，生态环境对于地球上所有生命的生存和发展至关重要。它为我们提供了诸如清洁空气、淡水和肥沃土壤等必需的资源)”以及下文的“Industrialization has led to increased emissions(排放) of pollutants into the air and water.(工业化导致了空气和水中污染物排放的增加)”可知，上文讲生态环境重要，下文讲工业化对生态环境的破坏，所以这里需要一个转折句引出人类活动对生态环境造成威胁的内容，G选项“However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently.(然而，最近人类活动对生态环境构成了严重威胁。)”起到承上启下的作用，与上文为转折关系，引出下文讲述的人类活动对生态环境构成的威胁，符合语境。故选G项。 2. 根据上文的“Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes.(工厂释放出大量的废气和废水，这些不仅损害了我们呼吸的空气质量，还污染了河流和湖泊。)”以及下文的“Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion.(大片的树木被砍伐，用于农业、伐木和城市扩张。)”可知，上文提到工厂排放污染物的问题，而下文提到了大片树木被砍伐，所以此空应是闸述破坏生态环境的另一个主要问题，A选项“Deforestation is another major issue.(森林砍伐是另一个主要问题。)”承接了上文，且引出下文讲述的森林砍伐的问题，符合语境。故选A项。 3. 分析语篇，此处应为本段的主题句，根据下文的“Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution.(世界各国政府一直在通过更加严格的环境法律和规定。这些法律在控制工业污染方面是有效的。)”可知，各国政府通过更严格环境法律法规、使用可再生能源以及个人在保护环境方面的作用等内容，由此可知，本段都是在讲应对威胁所采取的措施，F选项“To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures.(为了应对这些威胁，人类被敦促采取一些措施。)”引出采取措施这一内容，概括了本段的主题，符合语境。故选F项。 4. 根据上文的“Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on.(可再生能源的使用也在不断增加。特别是太阳能和风能，正变得越来越流行。)”以及下文的“Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions.(可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖并降低碳排放。)”可知，上文提到可再生能源尤其是太阳能和风能正在兴起，下文阐述的是可再生能源能减少对化石燃料依赖、降低碳排放，由此可知，此空应是进一步解释可再生能源的优势，E选项“They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy.(它们是传统能源的清洁且可持续的替代品。)”中的they指代的是上文中的“Solar and wind energy”，说明它们是传统能源的清洁可持续替代品，符合语境。故选E项。 5. 根据本段主题句“In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment.(此外，个人也可以在保护生态环境中发挥重要作用。)”以及上文的“We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity.(我们可以从日常生活中的小事做起，比如节约用水和用电。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是个人行为在保护生态环境中发挥重要作用，结合下文的“We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars.(我们也可以选择使用公共交通工具或自行车，而不是私家车。)”可知，下文讲述的个人的另一个行为在保护生态环境中发挥的作用，由此可推断，此空应是对上文内容的进一步阐述，B选项“This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste.(这有助于节约能源和减少浪费。)”中的this指的是上文中的“节约水电”行为，进一步说明节约水电的好处，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 17 （24-25学年高二下•广东省江门3月阶段考试） The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where street vendors (小贩) take over a designated street to set up stalls. The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, pick up some items and enjoy the smell of local foods. Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. 1 Hence, there is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit. You can even be addicted to the treasure hunt of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets. The night markets are typically from 5 p. m. till 10:30 p. m. You can buy anything from night markets, be it groceries, clothing, good local food, hot snacks, household items, fresh produce, and even the latest styles. By around 6 p. m, the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there is stall upon stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables. 2 It is no secret that all - night markets share a common treasure- tasty street cuisine. 3 Thirst-quenchers like the ever-popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent feature here. 4 It is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle, but to many, they are fun and thrilling places to explore. It is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive. 5 A. Your curiosity will be satisfied here. B. There is so much to see, buy and eat. C. People would complain about the noises here. D. Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market. E. It would be a regret not to try on mouth-watering local dishes. F. New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends. G. Dried and preserved items such as dried shrimp and salted eggs are available here too. 【答案】1. F 2. G 3. E 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马来西亚夜市的风貌与特色。 1. 上文“Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls.”（每个夜市都有不同的摊位组合。）提到每个夜市的摊位有所不同，而下文“Hence, there is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.”（因此，每次去夜市总会期待着有新奇、令人兴奋的东西。）提到每次去夜市总会期待有新的东西，说明夜市里会不断加入新的商品，F项“New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends.”（不断会有新潮的商品加入夜市。）的“New items”与下文“something new”一致，符合题意。故选F项。 2. 上文“For those who cook, there is stall upon stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables.”（对于做菜的人来说，那儿有一个接一个摊位摆卖新鲜海鲜、肉制品、各种各样的蔬菜。）提到夜市中各种各样摊位可供做菜的人选择，G项“Dried and preserved items such as dried shrimp and salted eggs are available here too.”（这里还有干虾和咸蛋等干货和腌制食品。）承接上文，进一步指出夜市除了有新鲜海鲜、肉制品、各种各样的蔬菜，还有干虾和咸蛋等干货和腌制食品，符合题意。故选G项。 3. 上文“It is no secret that all - night markets share a common treasure- tasty street cuisine.”（众所周知，所有夜市都有一个共同的宝藏——风味街头美食。）引出夜市有好吃的街头美食，E项“It would be a regret not to try on mouth-watering local dishes.”（如果不尝试令人垂涎的当地菜肴，那将是一种遗憾。）紧接着指出在拥有美食街的夜市，不品尝当地美食，简直是一种遗憾，下文“Thirst-quenchers like the ever-popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent feature here.”（像一直受欢迎的大豆饮品和甘蔗汁这样的止渴饮料始终是夜市的一大特色。）则就当地美食举出了饮料这一特色。所以E项符合题意。故选E项。 4. 下文“It is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle, but to many, they are fun and thrilling places to explore. ” (胆小或文雅的人不适合这个地方，但对许多人来说，夜市是一个有趣、激动人心的探索之地。）提到夜市不适合胆小或文雅的人，D项“Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market.”（喧闹的人群是夜市的标志。）是下文提到胆小或文雅的人不适合去夜市的原因，符合题意。故选D项。 5. 上文“It is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive.”（去夜市真的是一次激动人心的体验，在热带夜晚外出的一次大饱眼福。这里的氛围也很喜庆。）指出夜市能够让人大饱眼福，B项“There is so much to see, buy and eat.”（那儿有太多可看、可买、可吃的东西了。）指出了夜市能让人大饱眼福的原因：有非常多可看、可买、可吃的东西，符合题意。故选B项。 Passage 18 （24-25学年高二下•广东省深圳3月月考） Have you had a meltdown lately? An emotional meltdown isn’t exactly a medical disease. 1 It’s a popular term used to describe a situation where we are overcome emotionally of hit a breaking point. How do you feel after you’ve had a meltdown? Do you feel embarrassed about your behavior? 2 An occasional meltdown doesn’t mean something is “wrong” with you. It may just be an indicator of a challenging time for you. While most people would rather forget a meltdown as quickly as possible, it can be a learning experience. If you feel embarrassed about revealing your emotions in public, you might examine how you feel about your feelings. Why isn’t it okay for you to be angry, or to be sad, or to need something from someone else? 3 So, be kind to yourself. If your meltdown involved raising your voice at other people or behavior like throwing an object in the presence of others, apologize and come up with a plan to manage your emotions differently the next time you’re upset or stressed. If you find this type of behavior is common for you and you’re having difficulty managing it on your own, consider reaching to a psychologist. 4 It damages another person’s attitude and eats into their health. 5 Your experience serves a basis for reflection. Be kind to yourself and find some helpful ways to deal with meltdowns: A. It can happen to anyone. B. Are you a happy person? C. Learn from every meltdown. D. There are some negative effects about meltdown, E. Shaming yourself about your emotion is not helpful. F. Are you anxious about possible consequences for your outburst? G. Having an emotional meltdown is never an excuse for abusive behavior. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要告诉了读者关于情绪崩溃的一些知识。 1. 根据前文“An emotional meltdown isn’t exactly a medical disease.(情绪崩溃又不是什么医学疾病。)”可知，情绪崩溃不算疾病；后文“It’s a popular term used to describe a situation where we are overcome emotionally of hit a breaking point.(这是一个常用的术语，用来描述我们在情感上达到崩溃点的情况。)”说明情绪崩溃是常见的。A项“It can happen to anyone.(它可能发生在任何人身上。)”符合语境，且A项中“It”指代前文中的“An emotional meltdown”。故选A项。 2. 根据前文“How do you feel after you’ve had a meltdown? Do you feel embarrassed about your behavior? (你崩溃后是什么感觉?你对自己的行为感到尴尬吗?)”推知，空处是情绪崩溃的举例，F项“Are you anxious about possible consequences for your outburst?(你是否为你的爆发可能带来的后果感到焦虑?)”符合题意，与前文并列。故选F项。 3. 前文“Why isn’t it okay for you to be angry, or to be sad, or to need something from someone else?(为什么你不能生气，悲伤，或者需要别人的帮助呢?)”说明生气、悲伤和需要别人帮助的正常的；结合后文“So, be kind to yourself.(所以，善待自己。)”，说明情绪崩溃是很正常的，没必要因此而自责。E项“Shaming yourself about your emotion is not helpful.(为自己的情绪感到羞愧是没有帮助的。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。 4. 根据后文“It damages another person’s attitude and eats into their health.(它会损害别人的态度，损害他们的健康。)”可知，严重的情绪崩溃可能会对别人造成伤害。G项“Having an emotional meltdown is never an excuse for abusive behavior.(情绪崩溃绝不是虐待行为的借口。)”说明因为情绪崩溃而做出错误的行为是不对的。后文“It”指代G项中“abusive behavior”。故选G项。 5. 根据后文“Your experience serves a basis for reflection. (你的经验可以作为反思的基础。)”可知，我们可以从情绪奔溃中反思、学到一些东西。C项“Learn from every meltdown.(从每次崩溃中学习。)”符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 19 （23-24学年高二下•湖南省长沙第三次月考） How We Talk about Fear Matters Lately, there seems to be plenty to fear in the world. How we talk about what we fear might offer clues to how we perceive that emotion socially and culturally. Get the root of fear. 1 . In Anglo Saxon times, “fear” primarily referred to sudden danger. The root of the word dates back to “pēr” from Indo-European about 6,000 years ago. This root suggests that fear developed from a sudden (frightening) experience you passed through. Figure out the emotional meaning of fear. Whether emotions are viewed positively or negatively varies from culture to culture. 2 . For instance, in English, the word “anxious” can be used to mean “worried” or “eager”. But the word meaning “anxious” just means “regret” in Dargwa. Therefore, many English speakers may not view anxiety as negatively as Dargwa speakers. Find out a fearful pattern. In looking at such patterns across the major language families, researchers found that the word “fear” was often associated with anxiety, envy and grief in Indo-European languages. But in Austronesian languages, “fear” more often was associated with surprise. 3 . 4 How we talk about fear changes how we react to it. When we talk about what frightens us, it may be useful to disrupt associated meanings. In addition, how our language categorizes an emotion seems to impact whether we perceive those emotions negatively or positively. In conclusion, fear is something that can be changed by cultural and linguistic experience. 5 . Perhaps Roosevelt was right when he in famously said “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” A. Talk more about fears B. Change our perception of fear C. The word fear has a long history in English D. There seemed a fearful pattern across the major language families E. This is based on what people have learned to associate with emotion words F. It opens the door to potential ways to change how we talk about and react to it G. This makes speakers of the latter languages associate this emotion with a less negative sense 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. G 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们应该如何去谈论恐惧。 1. 下文“In Anglo Saxon times, “fear” primarily referred to sudden danger. The root of the word dates back to “pēr” from Indo-European about 6,000 years ago.(在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代，“恐惧”主要指突然发生的危险。这个词的词根可以追溯到大约6000年前印欧语的“pēr”)”介绍了“恐惧”一词可追溯到约6000年前，是对C项“The word fear has a long history in English(“恐惧”这个词在英语中有很长的历史)”内容的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 2. 上文“Whether emotions are viewed positively or negatively varies from culture to culture.(对情绪的看法是积极的还是消极的，因文化而异)”指出恐惧的情绪含义因文化而异，下文“For instance, in English, the word “anxious” can be used to mean “worried” or “eager”. But the word meaning “anxious” just means “regret” in Dargwa. Therefore, many English speakers may not view anxiety as negatively as Dargwa speakers.(例如，在英语中，单词“anxious”可以用来表示“担心的”或“急切的”。但是“anxious”这个词在达格瓦语中只是“后悔”的意思。因此，许多说英语的人可能不会像说达瓜语的人那样消极地看待“anxiety”)”用举例的方法说明了一个词汇的情绪含义是积极或消极因文化而异，与人们所习得的情绪相关，是对上文和E项“This is based on what people have learned to associate with emotion words(这是基于人们已经学到的与情感词汇相关的情绪)”内容的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 3. 上文“In looking at such patterns across the major language families, researchers found that the word “fear” was often associated with anxiety, envy and grief in Indo-European languages. But in Austronesian languages, “fear” more often was associated with surprise.(在研究主要语系的这种模式时，研究人员发现，在印欧语系中，“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起。但在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起)”指出，在印欧语系中“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起，而在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起，由此可知，对使用南岛语的人来说，“恐惧”一词不会带来太多的消极情绪。G项“This makes speakers of the latter languages associate this emotion with a less negative sense(这使得说后一种语言的人不太会将“恐惧”与消极的感觉联系在一起)”承接上文，表达了同样的意思，句中“the latter”照应上文“in Austronesian languages”。故选G项。 4. 设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“How we talk about fear changes how we react to it. When we talk about what frightens us, it may be useful to disrupt associated meanings. In addition, how our language categorizes an emotion seems to impact whether we perceive those emotions negatively or positively.(我们谈论恐惧的方式会改变我们对恐惧的反应。当我们谈论让我们害怕的事情时，打破相关的含义可能是有用的。此外，我们的语言如何对情绪进行分类似乎会影响我们对这些情绪的看法是消极的还是积极的)”可知，本段说明我们对恐惧认知会影响我们对恐惧的反应，建议打破其相关含义，改变对恐惧的看法，故“Change our perception of fear(改变我们对恐惧的看法)”是本段内容最佳概括。故选B项。 5. 上文“In conclusion, fear is something that can be changed by cultural and linguistic experience.(总之，恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的)”总结全文，得出结论：恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的，F项“It opens the door to potential ways to change how we talk about and react to it (它打开了一扇门，让我们有可能改变我们谈论和应对它的方式)”承接上文，说明这一认知的作用：让我们可能改变我们谈论和应对恐惧的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 Passage 20 （23-24学年高二下•浙江省台州期中） Technology is here to stay. 1 . However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device contract Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. 2 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for restriction. 3 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 4 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Tech-free family time Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 5 . A. Model good technology use B. Communicate with children C. A little extra planning goes a long way D. The contract is helpful to the settlement of conflicts E. Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F. Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding G. This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. A 4. G 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就家长如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡，提了几个建议。 1. 本段小标题“Technology is here to stay.”提到了技术无处不在。下文中的“However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.(然而，他们往往不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡)”提到家长们不确定如何帮孩子，E选项“Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs(家长们在家里和工作上看到更多的技术)”和下文一致，并且“Parents”和下文中的“they”是一致的。故选E。 2. 本段小标题是“Have a device contract(签订设备合同)”，上文“Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware.(签订设备使用合同可以让父母和孩子了解家庭中负责任的技术使用情况，并确保每个人都知道)”是签订合同的好处之一。F选项“Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促进理解)”和上文是递进关系，意思上一致。故选F项。 3. 下文中的“By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!(通过确保你将离线时间融入自己的一天，并与你的孩子沟通，他们将看到其价值和好处。无论你是在看书还是只是散步，让你的孩子知道你的离线行为都会鼓励他们也这么做！)”可知，本段是在说父母给孩子展示技术在工作和生活中的应用。A选项“Model good technology use(示范良好的技术使用)”能概括本段，作为小标题。故选A项。 4. 本段小标题是“Encourage non-tech activities(鼓励非科技活动)”，上文“One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法是确保他们有其他活动来打发时间)”提到让孩子远离屏幕的活动，G选项“This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more(这可以有多种形式：足球，击剑和更多)”是一些具体的例子，意思和前文一致。故选G项。 5. 本段小标题是“Tech-free family time(无科技家庭时间)”，前文“To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online.(为了提高郊游的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，比如去海滩建造一座看起来和你在网上找到的照片一样的沙堡)”是说明在无科技家庭时间中父母的一些计划安排。C选项“A little extra planning goes a long way(一点额外的计划会大有帮助)”符合语境。故选C项。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$