专题04 阅读理解之新闻报道（人教版2019）-备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解之新闻报道 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·广东中山·5月月考） A British man is excited but exhausted after becoming the tenth Briton to reach the summit (顶点) of K2, the world’s second-highest mountain. Jake Meyer 34, a mountaineer and army reserve officer, reached the 28,251 ft (8.611 m) summit at 8 am local time on Saturday after a five-day climb from base camp. He had to spend two nights at a camp on the way to the summit to allow a snowstorm to pass. “This has been a journey more than ten years in the making, and my third attempt at this extraordinary mountain,” he told The Times. “While we were lucky with a weather window for our summit day, the conditions were still incredibly challenging at times, I’m happy to be back at base camp and I know my family and friends will be relieved that K2 is in the bag. Mr Meyer, from Gloucestershire, who reached the summit of Qomolangma at the age of 21. has been chronicling (按时序记载) his climb on social media, sending out a picture from the summit. After a two-day journey to base camp, he said, “I’m just looking forward to getting home to my incredibly supportive wife.” K2 was first summitted in 1954 by two Italian climbers, Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. It is the tallest mountain in the Karakoram range on the border of China and Pakistan. And it is the second most dangerous mountain in the world, killing every one climber out of four. Climbs are generally attempted in the summer due to the mountain’s severe weather. This was Mr Meyer’s third attempt, after journeys in 2009 and 2016 were abandoned due to bad weather. Poor conditions also forced him to turn back last week in his attempt to reach the summit of Broad Peak, the 12th highest mountain in the world and another of the “eight thousanders” — the 14 mountains in the world above 8,000 meters. He came within 150 meters of the top, which he was attempting to reach alone in preparation for his K2 climb. 1. What does the underlined phrase “a weather window” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. A piece of equipment for forecasting weather. B. A window through which people look out. C. A machine to protect against bad weather. D. A period of suitable weather conditions. 2. What do we know about K2 according to paragraph 5? A. The first attempt to climb it was made in 1954. B. Climbing it is dangerous with a high death rate. C. It is the most difficult to climb due to its poor weather. D. None of the attempts to climb it were made in winter. 3. What do we know about Jake Meyer? A. He spent five days climbing K2. B. He was the third man to reach the top of K2. C. He failed twice in his attempt to climb K2. D. He reached the summit of Broad Peak last week. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A story collection. B. A newspaper report. C. A research paper. D. A personal diary. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了Jake Meyer成功登上世界第二高山K2顶峰。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“While we were lucky with a weather window for our summit day, the conditions were still incredibly challenging at times, I’m happy to be back at base camp and I know my family and friends will be relieved that K2 is in the bag.(虽然我们很幸运，登顶当天有a weather window，但条件有时仍然极具挑战性，我很高兴回到大本营，我知道我的家人和朋友会因为我挑战K2成功而松一口气)”以及常识可推知，Jake Meyer感觉幸运，这是由于虽然登顶当天的条件有时仍然极具挑战性，但那天有一段时间天气状况不错，推测划线短语表示“一段舒适天气的时期”。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“K2 was first summitted in 1954 by two Italian climbers, Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. It is the tallest mountain in the Karakoram range on the border of China and Pakistan. And it is the second most dangerous mountain in the world, killing every one climber out of four. Climbs are generally attempted in the summer due to the mountain’s severe weather.(K2于1954年由两位意大利登山者利诺·莱塞德利和阿奇尔·孔帕尼奥尼首次登顶。它是位于中国和巴基斯坦边境的喀喇昆仑山脉中最高的山峰。它是世界上第二危险的山峰，每四名登山者中就有一人死亡。由于这座山的恶劣天气，人们通常在夏天尝试攀登)”可知，攀登K2很危险，并且死亡率很高。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“This was Mr Meyer’s third attempt, after journeys in 2009 and 2016 were abandoned due to bad weather. (这是迈耶先生的第三次尝试，此前2009年和2016年的旅行因恶劣天气而被放弃)”可知，Jake Meyer尝试攀登K2曾经失败了两次。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A British man is excited but exhausted after becoming the tenth Briton to reach the summit (顶点) of K2, the world’s second-highest mountain.(一名英国男子在成为第十位登上世界第二高山K2顶峰的英国人后，兴奋但疲惫)”以及文章内容可知，本文报道了Jake Meyer成功登上世界第二高山K2顶峰，推测文章可能取自一篇新闻报道。故选B项。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二下•广东省华侨中学5月月考） The first show to kick off London fashion week (LFW) on Thursday night had all the usual elements you’d expect — a long runway with pumping music, models in towering heels and surprise celebrity appearances causing the front row to take out their phones. However, there was one particular point of difference: the cast, including the model Erin O’Connor and TV presenter Miquita Oliver, were all wearing secondhand clothes. The show, Oxfam Fashion Fighting Poverty, was the third time the nonprofit has taken part in London fashion week. All the clothes came from Oxfam’s own stores and were styled by the British stylist Bay Garnett. Every look was available to buy on eBay after the show, helping to raise funds for the charity. Garnett is a pioneer of secondhand fashion. For Thursday night’s show, Garnett said she started the process by thinking about different types of tribes. Working through stock at Oxfam’s 50,000 sq ft storehouse in West Yorkshire, Garnett narrowed down what she wanted to feature by thinking about different types of tribes. “There has to be some type of character within the clothing, then I piece it together. So there’s goths (哥特人), the 60s, Americana, it’s a real mix.” Garnett cleverly created a variety of looks that would still appeal to a wide variety of cohorts (群体). The show, which was full to capacity, reflects the growing interest in pre-loved fashion. According to GlobalData, the clothes resale market in the UK grew by 149% between 2016 and 2022. It is forecast to rise by 67. 5% from 2022 to 2026. A spokesperson for Oxfam says its main clothing categories including womenswear and menswear are having the bestselling year of the last six, with year on year growth of more than 20%. Garnett, who started her career in fashion in the 90s, said, “Buying secondhand is a form of activism. We’re in a climate emergency so why wouldn’t younger generations buy secondhand? A sustainable option is now cool.” 1. What was the feature of Thursday night’s LFW’s opening show? A. It was aimed to promote the fast fashion. B. Many celebrities and models were present. C. The cast were wearing secondhand fashion. D. The sound and visual effects were impressive. 2. Why did Garnett create a variety of looks for the show? A. To attract a broader audience. B. To promote unity among tribes. C. To make the tribes better known. D. To turn them into a bigger character. 3. What do the data in Paragraph 4 indicate? A. UK’s broad categories of fashion. B. An increase in people’s earnings. C. A huge demand for fashion models. D. Secondhand’s growing popularity. 4. What are Garnett’s words in the last paragraph aimed at? A. Explaining a rule. B. Making a summary. C. Offering a suggestion. D. Providing evidence. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了周四晚伦敦时尚周一场特别的时装秀——演员们穿着二手服装。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, there was one particular point of difference: the cast, including the model Erin O’Connor and TV presenter Miquita Oliver, were all wearing secondhand clothes.(然而，有一点特别的不同：演员们，包括模特艾琳·奥康纳和电视节目主持人米基塔·奥利弗，都穿着二手衣服)”可知，周四这场LFW秀的不同之处演员们都穿着二手服装。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的““There has to be some type of character within the clothing, then I piece it together. So there’s goths (哥特人), the 60s, Americana, it’s a real mix.” Garnett cleverly created a variety of looks that would still appeal to a wide variety of cohorts (群体).(“服装中必须有某种类型的性格，然后我把它们拼凑起来。所以这里有哥特、60年代、美国风格，是真正的混合。”加内特聪明地创造了各种各样的造型，至今仍能吸引各种各样的人群)”推知，Garnett创造各种风格的衣服是为了能吸引更多的观众群体。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“According to GlobalData, the clothes resale market in the UK grew by 149% between 2016 and 2022. It is forecast to rise by 67. 5% from 2022 to 2026. A spokesperson for Oxfam says its main clothing categories including womenswear and menswear are having the bestselling year of the last six, with year on year growth of more than 20%.(根据GlobalData的数据，英国的服装转售市场在2016年至2022年间增长了149%。预计将上升67。从2022年到2026年的5%。Oxfam的一位发言人表示，其主要服装类别，包括女装和男装，是过去六年里最畅销的一年，同比增长超过20%)”可知，所列数字表明二手时尚越来越受欢迎。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Buying secondhand is a form of activism. We’re in a climate emergency so why wouldn’t younger generations buy secondhand? A sustainable option is now cool.(购买二手衣服是一种行动主义。我们正处于气候危机中，为什么年轻一代不买二手的呢?可持续的选择现在很酷)”推知，Garnett说此话的目的是建议年轻一代购买二手衣服，做出可持续选择。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·广东广州·期中） One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down, and started looking restless. He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲). His non- profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50, 000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally. “So many kids associate reading with something you do in or for school,” he said. “If the only place a kid practices the piano is during a lesson, the progress will be slow. Our program is about getting kids to say three words: ‘I’m a reader.’” Irby’s program may seem straightforward but there’s a lot of thought behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. And Irby involves the barbers in his mission — training them to engage kids about reading. “We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about how they like reading, how funny a book was or tell them about another book another kid was reading.” Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact. ” “These books, I would say, have power,” 8-year-old boy Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.” 1. Why does the program appeal to children? A. Because it expresses children’s requirements. B. Because it shows children’s characteristics. C. Because it protects children’s security. D. Because it considers children’s preferences. 2. What made Denny Moe give up the video games finally? A. His motive for attract more customers. B. His ambition to make a difference. C. His desire to make a big fortune. D. His hope of meeting different demands. 3. What is the best title for this passage? A. Black Kids, Potential Big Readers B. Free Books, Good Way to Pay Back C. Colourful Covers, Nice Try to Attract Kids D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过讲述Alvin Irby通过他的非营利组织“理发店图书”在理发店内提供免费书籍，旨在减少儿童文盲现象的故事，展现了个人行动对于社区和社会的积极影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. (他在每家理发店都放了一个色彩鲜艳、适合孩子尺寸的书架，以此吸引孩子们。展示的书都是根据他的目标受众的推荐精心挑选的。书架展示的是书的封面而不是书脊，这样可以帮助那些可能对阅读感兴趣的孩子抓住阅读的机会，无论他们是坐在理发椅上，还是在等待爸爸或朋友)”可知，该项目在选择书籍时确实考虑了孩子们的偏好，并且书架展示的是书的封面而不是书脊，从而吸引孩子们注意并激发他们的阅读兴趣。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact. ”(Denny Moe是第一个与艾尔比合作的理发师。Moe以前在他的哈莱姆区理发店里提供电子游戏，以增加额外收入，但他愿意放弃这些来帮助社区。“我决定通过去掉电子游戏，在这里放上书，来激发孩子们的思维，”他说，“你想产生影响。”)”可知，Denny Moe希望通过提供免费书籍来鼓励孩子们阅读，从而减少文盲现象。这反映了他想要做出积极改变的志向，也是他放弃电子游戏转而专注于阅读推广的原因。故选B。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲). His non- profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50, 000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally.(老师心想，这正是一个练习阅读的好机会，而这个念头改变了Alvin Irby的命运。如今，他正在美国各地的许多理发店里摆放免费书籍，以减少儿童文盲现象。他的非营利组织“理发店图书”已经向24个州主要黑人社区中的200多家理发店赠送了50,000本免费书籍，考虑到在美国黑人社区，理发店就像社区中心一样，是人们自然聚集的地方)”、文章第三段“He puts a colorful, kid- sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend.(他在每家理发店都放了一个色彩鲜艳、适合孩子尺寸的书架，以此吸引孩子们。展示的书都是根据他的目标受众的推荐精心挑选的。书架展示的是书的封面而不是书脊，这样可以帮助那些可能对阅读感兴趣的孩子抓住阅读的机会，无论他们是坐在理发椅上，还是在等待爸爸或朋友)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Alvin Irby通过小型理发店这一平台，为孩子们提供了一个开始阅读的“宝库”。选项D“Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading(小理发店，阅读的宝藏屋)”很好地捕捉到了文章的核心内容，仅涵盖了Irby在理发店内放置免费书籍的行动，还隐含了这些书籍对于孩子们阅读兴趣和能力的积极影响。故选D。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·山东泰安·3月月考） Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly good at fooling people. A series of photos showing former US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing. Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to the surroundings. However, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. The Washington Post’s technology writer Shira Ovide shared her tips. The main idea is to spot the problems anything that would look strange in a photo. AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly. It sometimes can create hands with more than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI. AI-generated images also usually contain details that are against reality. To spot this, focus on items like accessories. For example, people in an image may be missing earrings or one part of their sunglasses. If there’s text in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even though the text may look realistic from a distance. Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the background are usually blurry - or they don’t have faces at all! The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. “I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding that, being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy(素养) skills. “The world may not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” Shane Kittelson, a US researcher, told The Washington Post. 1. Why are Donald Trump’s photos mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To draw more people’s attention. B. To make people convinced of the news. C. To show the AI-generated images were fake. D. To prove that it’s easy for AI to cheat people. 2. Why does AI generate human hands incorrectly according to the text? A. It is unable to recognize human hands. B. The data it uses to learn contain errors. C. It doesn’t fully understand human hands. D. It has insufficient data about human hands. 3. Which of the following will Jamie Cohen agree with? A. AI artworks may not be reflective of true creativity. B. It’s high time to address the risks posed by AI works. C. AI artworks will replace traditional art forms in the future. D. Detecting real art demands strong media literacy competence. 4. Where is the text probably from? A. A news report. B. A diary. C. A research paper. D. A science fiction. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的负面影响，会生成与现实不符的虚假图像，传播错误信息。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly good at fooling people. A series of photos showing former US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing. (人工智能(AI)越来越擅长愚弄人们。近日，美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普被警方强行逮捕的一系列照片引起了人们的关注。它们是假的，但很有说服力。)”可知，第一段提到特朗普的照片，是为了证明人工智能很容易欺骗人们。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定“手”到底是什么。人工智能用来学习的数据经常会以各种手势显示手和手指，这可能会让人工智能感到非常困惑。)”可知，人工智能不能完全理解人类的手。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high, ’ Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to ‘create reality’, Cohen argued, adding that, being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy(素养) skills. (美国数字文化和人工智能专家Jamie Cohen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：‘我认为错误信息将达到历史新高，’Cohen认为，生成人工智能艺术品就是‘创造现实’，并补充说，能够判断作品是否真实需要很高的媒体素养技能。)”可知，Cohen认为发现真正的艺术需要很强的媒介素养。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Washington Post’s technology writer Shira Ovide shared her tips.(《华盛顿邮报》的科技作家希拉·奥维德分享了她的建议。)”以及第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a ‘hand’ exactly is, according to Popular Science.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定‘手’到底是什么。)”还有最后一段中“I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high, Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. (美国数字文化和人工智能专家Jamie Cohen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：‘我认为错误信息将达到历史新高。’)”可知，文章引用大量采访，结合例子阐释来人工智能(AI)的负面影响，符合新闻报道的特点。故选A项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·湖南·期中） Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones. For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner, a Boeing 727, which had about 40,000 flights at its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations. After the successful transformation, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Altogether, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed (密封) pressure technology. Campbell enjoyed the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”. 1. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane? A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity. C. The incredibly high transformation cost. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it. 2. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as? A. A shelter in disasters. B. Tsunami warning center. C. A meeting place for local community. D. An advanced engineering workshop. 3. Why did Campbell transform the planes? A. To draw attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity. C. To advocate participation in recycling. D. To promote sustainable development. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Diverse approaches to sustainable living. B. A home designer becoming well-known online. C. Recent trends in renaissance-themed decoration. D. A former engineer recycling retired planes into homes. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Bruce Campbell如何将一架波音727飞机改造成他的住所，并围绕这一事件展开叙述，包括他的动机、改造过程、以及后续的社交活动和愿景。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“After the successful transformation, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Altogether, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.(转型成功后，他和几个朋友举办了一场大型DJ舞会。这场名为“乱流：森林里727的舞会”的派对就发生在机翼上！参加派对的客人也有机会看到飞机之家。总之，他们吸引了1.4万名Facebook用户的注意，他们对这场听起来不可思议的派对感兴趣。)”可知，Campbell在将第一架飞机转型成功后，就举办了一场舞会，这场舞会吸引了1.4万名Facebook用户的注意。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami(海啸) threats were issued. (这位才华横溢的工程师在2018年初在九州岛海岸买了另一架飞机，开始了他的第二架飞机之家，因为他希望它也能成为当地社区的一个安全的地方。Bruce Campbell的部分设想是制造一架客机，在海啸威胁发出时，它可以兼作救生艇。)”可知，Bruce Campbell在2018年初在九州岛海岸上开始了他的第二架飞机家园的建设，因为他想让它也作为当地社区的安全避难所。特别是，他希望这架飞机在发布海啸威胁时能够充当救生艇。这明确指出了Campbell认为第二架飞机可以作为灾难中的避难所。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.(Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何将旧的东西循环利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”可知，Bruce Campbell购买并改造飞机是想通过这一行动来倡导参与回收再利用。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.(Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何将旧的东西循环利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”以及文章第二段“For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner, a Boeing 727, which had about 40,000 flights at its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.(他花了大约22万美元购买了一架希腊客机，一架波音727，在最高峰时有大约4万个航班。在Campbell得到他的波音727并把它改造成他住的飞机之家之前，这架飞机经常被使用，因为它把各种各样的人送到各种各样的目的地。)”可知，全文主要围绕Bruce Campbell这位前工程师如何将退役的波音727飞机改造成住所的故事进行叙述。文章首先介绍了他的背景和改造飞机的初衷，接着详细描述了第一架和第二架飞机的改造过程及其用途，并提到了他通过这一行动倡导回收再利用的目的。故选D。 Passage 6 （23-24学年高二下•湖南省常德期中） A recent study has showed that a wearable soft robot, named Reliebo, can improve the experience of patients in medical treatments, such as injections (注射) and other unpleasant treatments. The goal of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety. The study, led by researchers at the University of Tsukuba, was inspired in part by the numerous needles people had to put up with while being vaccinated. Some people felt an intense di like for these needs, which led to fewer people getting vaccinated. The robot is soft and covered in fur. It contains small airbags internally that inflate(膨胀) in response to hand movement. Participants in the study who wore the robot while subjected to a medium heat stimulation, experienced less pain in the test than those who did not wear the robot. The research team checked the effectiveness of the wearable robot while being handled by participants under certain conditions, based on the clenching (紧握) of the hand. The team placed painful heat stimulation on the other arm that was not holding the robot. They then measured cortisol (皮质醇) levels from the participants’ saliva samples, suggesting levels of stress hormones. The pain felt by the patients was given specific ratings and was also recorded using an assessment table. The people in the study were given a survey test to assess their fear of injections before and after the experiment with the wearable robot was completed. The study proved that a wearable-informed robot may serve as a prospective tool to ease the experience of patients who were receiving injections. The research team hopes to use this study to advance the robot for use during painful situations, such as getting medical shots or similar conditions. 1. What is the function of the robot? A. To make doctors inject accurately. B. To prevent patients from getting il. C. To help relieve people’s pain from injections. D. To assess the effects of vaccines. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The reasons for doing the experiment on the robot. B. The proposals of reducing people’s fear of injections. C. The contributions of the new robot in the medical field. D. The methods of testing the effectiveness of the robot. 3. What does the underlined word “prospective” mean in the last paragraph? A. Useless. B. Promising. C. Narrow. D. Disgusting. 4. Where is the text probably from? A. A news report. B. A music website. C. A sports magazine. D. A science fiction. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了日本的一项最新研究：可穿戴的软体机器人可以帮助减轻痛苦和保护人们免受焦虑。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The goal of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety. (该机器人的目的是帮助减轻疼痛和保护人们免受焦虑)”可知，机器人的功能是帮助人们减轻注射带来的疼痛。故选C。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research team checked the effectiveness of the wearable robot while being handled by participants under certain conditions, based on the clenching (紧握) of the hand. The team placed painful heat stimulation on the other arm that was not holding the robot. They then measured cortisol (皮质醇) levels from the participants’ saliva samples, suggesting levels of stress hormones. The pain felt by the patients was given specific ratings and was also recorded using an assessment table. The people in the study were given a survey test to assess their fear of injections before and after the experiment with the wearable robot was completed.(研究小组根据参与者握紧的手，在特定条件下检查了可穿戴机器人在被处理时的有效性。研究小组在另一只没有拿着机器人的手臂上施加了疼痛的热刺激。然后，他们从参与者的唾液样本中测量皮质醇水平，表明压力激素的水平。对患者的疼痛进行了特定的评分，并使用评估表进行了记录。参与研究的人在可穿戴机器人实验完成之前和之后接受了一项调查测试，以评估他们对注射的恐惧程度)”可知，本段主要是讲测试机器人有效性的方法。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“A recent study has showed that a wearable soft robot, named Reliebo, can improve the experience of patients in medical treatments, such as injections (注射) and other unpleasant treatments.(最近的一项研究表明，一种名为Reliebo的可穿戴软机器人可以改善患者在医疗过程中的体验，比如注射和其他令人不快的治疗)”以及划线词后文“tool to ease the experience of patients who were receiving injections(减轻接受注射的病人的经验的工具)”以及上文提到可穿戴的软体机器人可以帮助减轻痛苦和保护人们免受焦虑，故这种可穿戴的信息机器人可能会成为一种有前景的工具，以减轻接受注射的患者的体验。故划线词意思是“有前景的”。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study in Japan has showed that a wearable soft robot, named Reliebo, can improve the experience of patients in medical treatments, such as injections (注射) and other unpleasant treatments. The goal of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety.(日本最近的一项研究表明，一种名为Reliebo的可穿戴软机器人可以改善患者在注射等医疗方面的体验以及其他令人不快的治疗。机器人的目标是帮助减轻疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以帮助人们缓解注射痛苦的可穿戴软体机器人，属于最新研究结果报告。由此推知，本文最有可能出现在新闻报道上。故选A。 Passage 7 （23-24高二下·河南·5月月考） Hawaii lawmakers are considering legislation (立法) that would require visitors to pay for a year-long license or pass to visit state parks. Josh Green is the state’s governor. He said, “We get between 9 and 10 million visitors a year, but we only have 1.4 million people living here.” He added, “Those 10 million travellers should be helping us sustain our environment.” Lawmakers still debating how much they would charge. The governor campaigned in 2022 on the idea of having all tourists pay a $50 fee to enter the state. Legislators think this would violate US constitutional protections for free travel. They instead think visitors should pay to enter parks and trails. Either policy would be a first of its kind for any US state. Hawaii’s leaders are following the example of other popular tourist areas with similar fees or taxes. They include Venice, Italy, and Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands. Hawaii State Representative Sean Quinlan is the leader of the House Tourism Committee. He said changes in the activities of travellers are part of Hawaii’s push. He said golf rounds per visitor per day have dropped 30 percent over the past 10 years while hiking has increased50 percent. People are also seeking out isolated places they have seen on social media. The state does not have the money to oversee and protect all these places, he said. Most state parks and trails are currently free. Some of the most popular ones already charge, like Diamond Head State Monument. That trail leads hikers from the floor of a 300,000-year-old volcano up to the top. It gets 1 million visitors each year and costs $5for each traveller. A bill currently before the legislature would require visitors over the age of 15to buy a yearly pass to visit forests, parks, trails or “other natural area on state land”. People who live in Hawaii would not need to pay. 1. What does the underlined word “violate” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Break. B. Establish. C. Uphold. D. Perfect. 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The decreasing number of tourists to Hawaii. B. Advantages of Hawaii’s tourism resources. C. The increasing financial burden of Hawaii. D. One reason for wanting to charge tourists. 3. What can be concluded from the text? A. None of the attractions in Hawaii charge fees currently. B. The goal to charge fees is to limit the number of tourists. C. Lawmakers are arguing about whether charging fees is legal. D. Charging fees is beneficial for Hawaii’s natural environment. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A travel guide. C. A law textbook. D. A promotional brochure. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了夏威夷州正在考虑立法，要求游客支付费用以访问州立公园的新闻。 1. 词句猜测题。根据前文“The governor campaigned in 2022 on the idea of having all tourists pay a $50 fee to enter the state.(这位州长在2022年的竞选中提出，所有游客进入该州都要支付50美元的费用)”以及后文“US constitutional protections for free travel(美国宪法对自由旅行的保护)”可知，州长想要所有游客进入该州都要支付50美元的费用，应是违反了美国宪法对自由旅行的保护，推知violate意为“违反”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Hawaii State Representative Sean Quinlan is the leader of the House Tourism Committee. He said changes in the activities of travellers are part of Hawaii’s push. He said golf rounds per visitor per day have dropped 30 percent over the past 10 years while hiking has increased50 percent. People are also seeking out isolated places they have seen on social media. The state does not have the money to oversee and protect all these places, he said.(夏威夷州众议员肖恩·昆兰(Sean Quinlan)是众议院旅游委员会的领导人。他说，游客活动的变化是夏威夷推动的一部分。他说，在过去10年里，每个游客每天打高尔夫球的次数下降了30%，而徒步旅行的次数增加了50%。人们也在寻找他们在社交媒体上看到的与世隔绝的地方。他说，国家没有足够的资金来监督和保护所有这些地方)”可知，本段主要讲述了夏威夷想要向游客收费的原因，即游客的活动变化给夏威夷带来了财政负担，而收费可以缓解这种负担。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Josh Green is the state’s governor. He said, “We get between 9 and 10 million visitors a year, but we only have 1.4 million people living here.” He added, “Those 10 million travellers should be helping us sustain our environment.” Lawmakers still debating how much they would charge.(乔希·格林(Josh Green)是该州州长。他说：“我们每年接待900万到1000万游客，但我们这里只有140万人口。”他补充说：“这1000万游客应该帮助我们维持环境。”议员们仍在争论他们将收取多少费用)”以及第二段“Hawaii’s leaders are following the example of other popular tourist areas with similar fees or taxes.(夏威夷的领导人正在效仿其他热门旅游区，征收类似的费用或税收)”可知，文中提到夏威夷的领导人在效仿其他受欢迎的旅游地区收取类似的费用或税收，目的是帮助维持和保护自然环境。因此，可以得出结论，收费对夏威夷的自然环境是有益的。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Hawaii lawmakers are considering legislation (立法) that would require visitors to pay for a year-long license or pass to visit state parks. Josh Green is the state’s governor. He said, “We get between 9 and 10 million visitors a year, but we only have 1.4 million people living here.” He added, “Those 10 million travellers should be helping us sustain our environment.” Lawmakers still debating how much they would charge.(夏威夷立法者正在考虑立法，要求游客购买一年的许可证或通行证才能参观州立公园。乔希·格林(Josh Green)是该州州长。他说：“我们每年接待900万到1000万游客，但我们这里只有140万人口。”他补充说：“这1000万游客应该帮助我们维持环境。”议员们仍在争论他们将收取多少费用)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要报道了夏威夷立法者正在考虑立法要求游客为参观州立公园购买年票或通行证，属于新闻报道类文章。故选A项。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·山东淄博·期中） Many robots track objects by “sight”as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel”an unfamiliar object’s form- and skillfully handle it based on this information alone. University of California, San Diego, roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object”, Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm. They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably. Next, they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transfering the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks. So, in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,”Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shapes. 1. Why did Wang Xiaolong’s group conduct the research? A. To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors. B. To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions. C. To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition. D. To create a robotic hand to take hold of familiar objects. 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The function of robot hands in Wang’s research. B. The way that robot hands capture different objects. C. The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand. D. The working principle of robot hands in Wang’s research. 3. How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training? A. They used real-world objects. B. They used complex optical sensors. C. They relied on vision-based technology. D. They conducted simulations with a robot hand. 4. What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system? A. In different. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Dismissive. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是一项新的低成本技术可以让机器人手“感觉”一个不熟悉的物体的形状，并根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“University of California, San Diego, roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校的机器人专家王晓龙和他的团队想要弄清楚，仅仅使用简单的触摸数据，机器人是否就能完成复杂的动作)”可知，王晓龙的团队进行这项研究是为了探索触摸数据在复杂机器人动作中的运用。故选B。 2. 段落大意题。根据第三段的“The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object”, Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate items placed in its palm.(研究人员安装了16个接触式传感器，每个传感器的成本约为四指机器人手的两根手指。这些传感器只是指示一个物体是否接触到手。“虽然一个传感器不能捕捉到很多，但很多传感器可以帮助你捕捉物体的不同方面，”王说。在这种情况下，机器人的任务是旋转放在手掌中的物品) ”可知，该段主要介绍模拟实验中安装了接触式传感器的机械手臂的工作原理。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“They first ran simulations to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.(他们首先进行模拟，以收集足够的触摸数据，让虚拟机器人手练习旋转物体，包括球和其他不规则物体。利用来自每个传感器的信息，该团队建立了一个计算机模型，该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置，并移动手指以平稳地旋转物体)”可知，研究者们是通过模拟实验来搜集数据的。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“So, in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,”Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shapes.(因此，在未来的工作中，王的团队的目标是解决更复杂的运动，并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器。王说：“这意味着通过触摸可以获得更准确的信息，从而可以重建物体的形状。”研究人员还将尝试添加视觉来补充触摸数据，以处理复杂的形状)”可知，其他同行对于他们的研究现状有担忧，王晓龙计划在未来的工作中解决更复杂的问题，即他和他的团队选择以积极的态度去应对，进一步进行模拟实验，完善他们的数据。故选C。 Passage 10 （23-24学年高二下•山东省实验中学5月月考） Extremely authentic-looking prosthetic (假体的) eyes can now be 3D-printed in a fraction of the time it would normally take to produce the eyes by hand, scientists demonstrate in a new study. The new technology can create a prosthetic eye in just 90 minutes, compared with the eight hours it would normally take a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one by hand. The 3D-printed eyes require five times less labor to make than traditional methods, the scientists behind the technology wrote in a new paper published in the journal Nature Communications. The 3D-printed eyes also look more natural than traditional prostheses; this could help improve a patient’s self-confidence in using the devices. “Patients are very conscious about wearing a prosthesis, and they don't want others to notice,” Johann Reinhard, lead study author and a researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research in Germany, told us. “With these more realistic eves, it might help them to participate more in society,” he said. The new printing approach involves taking a specialized image of a patient’s empty eye socket and of their healthy eye. These images are then processed and used to draft blueprints that can be sent to be 3D-printed in the lab. These 3D-printed eyes closely replicate the color, size and structure of the patient's healthy eye and are particularly good at capturing the colored part of the eye, known as the iris, and the white part of the eye, called the sclera. Once finished, the eyes take 15 to 30 minutes to be installed by an ocularist, Reinhard said. “About 80% of adults in need of prosthetic eyes could theoretically have one made this way, either due to a birth defect that causes an eye to be small or missing or because they’ve lost an eye,” the team said. “However, this wouldn’t be possible for all patients, such as those who have a very complex eye socket, as the software wouldn’t be able to find a matching shape for the prosthetic eye,” Reinhard said. “More data are needed to see if this technique could also be used to make prosthetic eyes for children,which would require more regulation,” Reinhard said. 1. Which of the following words can be best used to describe the 3D-printed eyes? A. Eco-friendly. B. Time-consuming. C. Fit-of-all. D. Realistic-looking. 2. How does the author develop his idea mainly in Paragraph 2? A. By justifying an idea. B. By giving examples. C. By providing evidence. D. By making a comparison. 3. Which statement is true about a 3D-printed eye? A. The patients prefer to show off their prosthetic eyes. B. Every adult in need of a prosthetic eye can’t possibly have one. C. It normally takes a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one. D. The installment of one is 5 times faster than a traditional prosthetic eye. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. 3D-printed Eyes——a Better Alternative B. 3D Printing—a Promising Technology C. 3D-printed Eyes—a Source of Confidence D. Prosthetic Eyes—the Hope for all Blind People 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了通过 3D打印技术制作假眼比传统手工制作更节省成本而且自然逼真，对于有需要的人来说是更好的选择。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Extremely authentic-looking prosthetic eyes can now be 3D-printed in a fraction of the time it would normally take to produce the eyes by hand, scientists demonstrate in a new study.(科学家在一项新研究中证明，现在可以用3D打印技术制作出非常逼真的假眼，而其所用时间仅为手工制作假眼所需的时间的一小部分。)”可知，3D打印技术制作出的假眼是很逼真的。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The new technology can create a prosthetic eye in just 90 minutes, compared with the eight hours it would normally take a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one by hand. The 3D-printed eyes require five times less labor to make than traditional methods, the scientists behind the technology wrote in a new paper published in the journal Nature Communications.(这项新技术可以在90分钟内制造出一只假眼，而通常情况下，熟练的技术人员或眼科医生手工制作一只假眼需要8个小时。该技术背后的科学家在《自然通讯》杂志上发表的一篇新论文中写道，与传统方法相比，3D打印眼睛所需的劳动力减少了五倍。) ”可知，作者通过比较的手段来阐述利用3D打印眼睛的技术会比传统手工制作更快更便捷。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的““About 80% of adults in need of prosthetic eyes could theoretically have one made this way, either due to a birth defect that causes an eye to be small or missing or because they've lost an eye,” the team said. “However, this wouldn't be possible for all patients, such as those who have a very complex eye socket, as the software wouldn't be able to find a matching shape for the prosthetic eye,” Reinhard said.(研究小组说：“理论上，大约80%需要假眼的成年人可以这样做，要么是因为出生缺陷导致眼睛小或缺失，要么是因为他们失去了一只眼睛。”“然而，这并不适用于所有患者，比如那些眼窝非常复杂的患者，因为软件无法找到与假眼匹配的形状，”Reinhard说。)”可知，由于有些人眼窝结构复杂，因此不是每个需要假眼的成年人都能拥有一只。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Extremely authentic-looking prosthetic eyes can now be 3D-printed in a fraction of the time it would normally take to produce the eyes by hand, scientists demonstrate in a new study.(科学家在一项新研究中证明，现在可以用3D打印技术制作出非常逼真的假眼，而其所用时间仅为手工制作假眼所需的时间的一小部分。)”和第二段的“The new technology can create a prosthetic eye in just 90 minutes, compared with the eight hours it would normally take a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one by hand. The 3D-printed eyes require five times less labor to make than traditional methods, the scientists behind the technology wrote in a new paper published in the journal Nature Communications.(这项新技术可以在90分钟内制造出一只假眼，而通常情况下，熟练的技术人员或眼科医生手工制作一只假眼需要8个小时。该技术背后的科学家在《自然通讯》杂志上发表的一篇新论文中写道，与传统方法相比，3D打印眼睛所需的劳动力减少了五倍。) ”可知，通过 3D打印技术制作假眼比传统手工制作更节省成本而且自然逼真，因此对于有需要的人来说是更好的选择，A项“3D打印眼睛——更好的选择”可以作为标题。故选A。 Passage 11 （23-24学年高二下•山东省枣庄5月月考） Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal-rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions. 1. What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil? A. The moon is rich in rare elements. B. Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C. The moon can be lived on by human beings. D. Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 2. What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A. The process of the sun producing light. B. The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work. C. The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D. The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 3. What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Profession. B. Contract. C. Vision. D. Sponsor. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B. The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C. The research on the environmental system of the moon. D. The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可能具有生成氧气和燃料的潜力，这一发现意味着人类可以利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其它星球。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”可知，中国科学家发现月球土壤能够产生氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal-rich substances, which could work as a catalyst to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base.(在分析了嫦娥五号的月球土壤后，研究小组发现样本中含有富含金属的物质，可以作为催化剂，利用阳光和二氧化碳制造氧气。该团队提出了一种策略，利用月球土壤将月球和宇航员生命维持系统中的水电解成氧气和氢气。这个过程是由阳光驱动的。根据这项研究，月球居民呼出的二氧化碳可以被收集起来，并与氢结合来生产燃料，也可以由月球土壤催化。研究人员表示，通过这种方法，除了阳光之外，没有任何外部能量可以用来产生氧气和燃料，以支持月球基地的生命。) ”可知，研究人员利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base.(研究人员表示，通过这种方法，除了阳光之外，不需要任何外部能量被用来产生氧气和燃料，以支持月球基地的生命。)”可知，目前人类在月球上不能像在地球上一样生存，再由第四段的““We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption.(该论文的第一作者、来自南京大学的姚英芳表示：“我们利用环境资源来最小化火箭的有效载荷，我们的战略为地球以外的生命提供了一个可持续的、负担得起的生活环境的愿景。”)”可知，通过对月球土壤资源的研究利用，人类有望在月球上得以生存，因此划线词意为“愿景，构想”。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”和第二段的“The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule.(南京大学的研究人员表明，中国嫦娥五号带回的月球样本含有活性化合物，可以将二氧化碳转化为氧气和燃料。根据周四发表在《焦耳》杂志上的一项研究，最初，他们希望设计一个利用月球土壤和太阳辐射的系统，这是月球上两种丰富的资源。)”可知，这篇文章讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可以用于生产氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选D。 Passage 12 （23-24学年高二下•山东省青岛第二次月考） They thought it was going to be easy. A piece of cake. The band, Suenalo, were excited that they would present their skills to a group of troubled youth at a detention center (少管所).   They arrived at the invitation of a friend, who was an adviser at the center. He had mentioned a career day where members of the community came to speak to the teens about their jobs. Usually the speakers were bankers or lawyers, so he thought it would be interesting for the kids to meet some musicians and maybe even hear some music. “They need something cool to get their attention” was the pitch from the friend. The kids, about 40, were brought in, looking distant, some even angry. Chad Bernstein, the trombone player, started telling the career of a musician from touring to copyright to the business aspects, trying to draw their interest. However, it didn’t. Sensing that they couldn’t win, the band, a little thrown, decided to play one song. With music going, the kids seemed to respond, their heads nodding to the beat. One of them sang a lyric (歌词). The band sang it back. Then, one by one, the musicians began picking up the beat. Chad started free styling a rap, going back and forth with the kid, and in no time, other kids jumped in. Suddenly the band and the kids were creating a song from scratch and all of them were in musical heaven. For Chad, that moment inspired him to found Guitars Over Guns, an organization that pairs at-risk middle-schoolers with professional musicians. As both music teachers and life coaches, the musicians give the kids a way to find their creative voices and get through dark times. Over time, the kids have dropped their tough fronts and shared personal stories, from family tragedies to ordinary struggles at school with friends. “So far we’ve helped over 2,700 students. Our work is highly satisfying because it shows us that a music career is more than a job, it can have more impact,” says Chad Bernstein. 1. Why did the band come to the detention center? A. To get attention. B. To display skills. C. To plan their careers. D. To chat about music. 2. What can we learn about the song created on the spot? A. Its lyrics were from the kids. B. Chad owned its copyright. C. It was composed cooperatively. D. The kids picked up its beat. 3. What does Guitars Over Guns do to help at-risk teens? A. Offer guidance on life. B. Give full school instruction. C. Relate personal stories. D. Promote awareness of risks. 4. What kind of person is Chad Bernstein? A. Disciplined. B. Purposeful. C. Humorous. D. Traditional. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了乐队Suenalo在拘留中心帮助问题青年这件事激发了Chad Bernstein成立Guitars Over Guns组织，帮助更多孩子的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The band, Suenalo, were excited that they would present their skills to a group of troubled youth at a detention center(少管所). (乐队Suenalo很兴奋，他们将在拘留中心向一群问题青年展示他们的技艺。)”可知，他们将去拘留中心向一群问题青年展示他们的技艺。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of them sang a lyric(歌词). The band sang it back. Then, one by one, the musicians began picking up the beat. Chad started free styling a rap, going back and forth with the kid, and in no time, other kids jumped in. Suddenly the band and the kids were creating a song from scratch and all of them were in musical heaven. (其中一人唱了一首抒情歌曲。乐队回唱。然后，乐手们一个接一个地开始跟上节拍。查德开始自由模仿说唱，和那个孩子来回跳，很快，其他孩子也加入了进来。突然，乐队和孩子们开始从零开始创作一首歌，所有人都进入了音乐天堂。)”可知，现场的歌曲是由乐队和孩子们共同创作的。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“As both music teachers and life coaches, the musicians give the kids a way to find their creative voices and get through dark times. (作为音乐老师和生活教练，音乐家们给孩子们提供了一种找到他们创造性声音的方式，并度过了黑暗时期。)”可知，Guitars Over Guns帮助孩子们提供生活指导。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“For Chad, that moment inspired him to found Guitars Over Guns, an organization that pairs at-risk middle-schoolers with professional musicians. As both music teachers and life coaches, the musicians give the kids a way to find their creative voices and get through dark times. (对查德来说，那一刻激发了他创立Guitars Over Guns的灵感，这是一个帮助处境危险的中学生与专业音乐家结对的组织。作为音乐老师和生活教练，音乐家们给孩子们提供了一种找到他们创造性声音的方式，并度过了黑暗时期。)”以及最后一段“ ‘So far we’ve helped over 2,700 students. Our work is highly satisfying because it shows us that a music career is more than a job, it can have more impact,’ says Chad Bernstein. (“到目前为止，我们已经帮助了2700多名学生。我们的工作非常令人满意，因为它告诉我们，音乐事业不仅仅是一份工作，它可以产生更大的影响，”查德伯恩斯坦说)”Chad Bernstein给孩子提供了有意义的指导，帮助了很多学生，可推知，他所做的工作是有意义的且目标明确的。故选B。 Passage 13 （24-25高二下·山东·3月月考） Authors are upset after tech companies started using their books to train artificial intelligence without letting them know or seeking their permission. They worry about copyright and loss of income, among other issues. According to CNN, the system is called Books3, and according to an investigation by The Atlantic, the system is based on a collection of pirated (盗版的) e-books including all genres, from fiction to poetry. Books help generative AI systems with learning how to communicate information. The Atlantic article notes that some of the text that’s training AI on how to use language is taken from Wikipedia and other websites. But high-quality generative Al requires higher-quality input than what is usually found on the internet — that is, it requires the kind found in books. Many authors apparently don’t view the use of their books to train artificial intelligence as an honor. Rather, it’s a shortcut that robs them of their due, they say. CNN reported that Nora Roberts, who writes romantic novels, has 206 books in the database — “second only to William Shakespeare.” “The database is all kinds of wrong. We are human beings, we are writers and we are being exploited by people who want to use our work, without permission or compensation (赔偿金) to ‘write’ books, scripts, essays because it’s cheap and easy,” she said in a statement to CNN. Not everyone is upset, however, by use of their work to train AI. Ian Bogost, author of some popular books, wrote a column for The Atlantic. Bogost claims that successful art is beyond its creator’s plans, noting that an author cannot accurately predict a book’s audience. “To complain this unexpected use for my writing is to decline all of the other unpredictable uses for it. Speaking as a writer, that makes me feel bad.” 1. What contributes to some authors’ dissatisfaction with Books3? A. It is unable to train AI. B. It uses their works illegally. C. It fails to improve their income. D. It sells books without permission. 2. What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 concerning Books3? A. The bond it has with Wikipedia. B. The high quality it possesses. C. The reason it was created. D. The benefit it has brought. 3. What is Nora Roberts’ major concern about Books3? A. The lack of recognition for their work. B. The competition between AI and human authors. C. The decline in the quality of AI-generated content. D. The unauthorized use of their books for AI training. 4. Which statement would Ian Bogost probably agree with? A. It’s acceptable for books to be used to train AI. B. Being involved in Books3 is hardly an honor. C. Good art should be limited to creators’ plans. D. It’s necessary to predict a book’s audience. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了Books3使用盗版书籍训练AI在作家中引发争议这一社会热点问题。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Authors are upset after tech companies started using their books to train artificial intelligence without letting them know or seeking their permission. They worry about copyright and loss of income, among other issues.(科技公司开始使用他们的书来训练人工智能，而没有让他们知道或寻求他们的许可，作者们对此感到沮丧。他们担心版权和收入损失等问题)”可知，非法使用他们的作品导致了一些作者对书的不满。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The Atlantic article notes that some of the text that’s training AI on how to use language is taken from Wikipedia and other websites. But high-quality generative AI requires higher-quality input than what is usually found on the internet — that is, it requires the kind found in books.( 但高质量的生成人工智能需要比通常在互联网上找到的更高质量的输入——也就是说，它需要在书中找到的那种输入)”可知，第3段主要介绍了创建Books3的原因。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Many authors apparently don’t view the use of their books to train artificial intelligence as an honor. Rather, it’s a shortcut that robs them of their due, they say. CNN reported that Nora Roberts, who writes romantic novels, has 206 books in the database — “second only to William Shakespeare.” “The database is all kinds of wrong. We are human beings, we are writers and we are being exploited by people who want to use our work, without permission or compensation (赔偿金) to ‘write’ books, scripts, essays because it’s cheap and easy,” she said in a statement to CNN.(许多作者显然不认为使用他们的书来训练人工智能是一种荣誉。相反，他们说，这是一条剥夺他们应得的捷径。美国有线电视新闻网报道称，写浪漫小说的诺拉·罗伯茨在数据库中有206本书，“仅次于威廉·莎士比亚”。“数据库有各种各样的错误。我们是人，我们是作家，我们正被那些想在没有许可或补偿的情况下使用我们的作品来‘写’书籍、剧本、散文的人剥削，因为它既便宜又容易，”她在给美国有线电视电视新闻网的一份声明中说)”可知，诺拉·罗伯茨对书的主要关注是未经授权使用他们的书籍进行人工智能培训。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bogost claims that successful art is beyond its creator’s plans, noting that an author cannot accurately predict a book’s audience. “To complain this unexpected use for my writing is to decline all of the other unpredictable uses for it. Speaking as a writer, that makes me feel bad.”(Bogost声称，成功的艺术超出了创作者的计划，并指出作者无法准确预测一本书的读者。抱怨我的写作有这种意想不到的用途，就是拒绝其他所有意想不到的用途。作为一名作家，这让我感觉很糟糕。”)”可知，他能够接受自己的书籍被 Books3 收录来训练 AI。故选A。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·福建三明·5月月考） Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”. The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy. The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If these can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research. Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater. Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again. When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey. 1. What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project? A. Developing new AI captain systems. B. Testing the new robotic ship of IBM. C. Exploring the ocean with high technologies. D. Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower. 2. What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us? A. Its operating system. B. Its working principle. C. Its functional equipment. D. Its design philosophy. 3. What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage? A. The AI Captain sent wrong instructions. B. The electric motor got affected by something. C. The scientists wanted to change the ship’s route. D. The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis. 4. What could be the best title for the text? A. A Robotic Ship’s Global Voyage B. New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic C. New Mayflower’s Failed Mission D. AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个名为“MAS”的机器人的功能设备以及遇到的困难。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea.(MAS是由一个名为Pro Mare的组织与IBM共同运营的项目，旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术)”可知，MAS项目的终极使命是用高科技探索海洋。故选C。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater.(由于MAS不需要载人，它的设计者可以自由地思考如何制造出最适合这项工作的飞船。除了帮助船只导航的摄像机和雷达，这艘船还携带了各种各样的工具和传感器。它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚，甚至还有一个特殊的“舌头”，可以报告海水中的化学物质)”可知，第三段介绍了MAS的功能设备。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The AI Captain was working  well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the  ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team  decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem  and send it out again.(人工智能船长工作得很好，但似乎有什么东西减慢了马达的速度。由于这艘船只完成了横跨大西洋的10%的航程，团队决定把它带回普利茅斯，这样他们就可以解决这个问题，然后再把它送出去)”可知，马达被某物影响导致MAS返航。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.(上周二，一艘名为“五月花号”（MAS）的机器人船从英国普利茅斯起航。这艘长15米的船将重现1620年“五月花号”穿越大西洋的场景，正是这艘船将第一批欧洲移民带到了现在的马萨诸塞州普利茅斯)”可知，文章主要说明了机器人船横渡大西洋的情况，介绍了这个名为“MAS”的机器人的功能设备以及遇到的困难。由此可知，B选项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 14 （23-24学年高二下•福建省厦门第二次月考） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 1. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 2. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 3. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。 1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。 Passage 15 （23-24学年高二下•福建省莆田3月考） McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination (疫苗接种) information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot. Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features “We Can Do This”, a slogan (口号) created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines.gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information. The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups. Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May. “We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again,” said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations. Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said, “The public-private partnership will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities.” McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign. The “We Can Do This” campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get vaccinated. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $200 from their employer would work. The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to work out new ideas to further encourage the cautious, hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose (剂量) of the vaccine. 1. Why does McDonald’s redesign its Mc Cafe cups? A. To promote its coffee sales. B. To encourage people to get vaccined. C. To raise public safety awareness. D. To bid for government investment. 2. What do we know about the McDonald’s campaign? A. The slogan is to be displayed in mid-May. B. The government provides financial support. C. McDonald’s doubles its efforts for public health. D. McDonald’s assists people in making appointments. 3. What can be inferred about the vaccination rate? A. Employers can play a vital part. B. Government efforts were in vain. C. People’s busy work slows it down. D. Next month will witness an increase. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A government document. B. An advertisement. C. A tourist brochure. D. A newspaper. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。麦当劳正在与白宫合作，在其咖啡杯上推广疫苗接种信息，通过此种行为，鼓励人们去接种疫苗。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination (疫苗接种) information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.”（麦当劳正与白宫合作，在其咖啡杯上推广疫苗接种信息，因为人们对接种这种可能挽救生命的疫苗越来越犹豫不决。）麦当劳在其咖啡杯上推广疫苗接种信息，可推知重新设计其咖啡杯是为了鼓励人们接种疫苗。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups. Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May. “We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again,” said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations. ”（宣传活动将持续数周，口号将印在大约5000万个杯子上。在此之前，麦当劳表示，它在纽约时代广场的广告牌也将从5月中旬开始显示疫苗信息。麦当劳美国分公司负责全球公共政策和政府关系的副总裁根特(Genna Gent)说：“我们都想保护自己和我们所爱的人，再次与我们的社区团结在一起。”）可推知，麦当劳为了公共卫生的安全做出了积极地努力。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $200 from their employer would work. ”（在 Kaiser 家庭基金会的一项调查中，47% 的人说他们想在接种疫苗之前“等等看”，而带薪休假会让他们更有可能（接种疫苗）；39% 的人说雇主给他们200美元的经济补贴会起作用。）可知，在接种疫苗问题上，人们犹豫的缘由在于经济拮据，而雇主若提供带薪休假或经济补贴则会让人们愿意去接种。所以雇主是可以发挥至关重要的作用。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination (疫苗接种) information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.”（麦当劳正与白宫合作，在其咖啡杯上推广疫苗接种信息，因为人们对接种这种可能挽救生命的疫苗越来越犹豫不决。）可知，麦当劳正在与白宫合作，在其咖啡杯上推广疫苗接种信息，通过此种行为，鼓励人们去接种疫苗。因而文章属于新闻报道，所以文章最有可能在报纸上看到。故选D。 Passage 16 （24-25学年高二下•福建省龙岩3月月考） Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000 LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014. The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,” Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.” Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of oxygen. A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. 1. What’s the function of the LifeVac device? A. To put out the fire. B. To remove foreign objects. C. To design procedures. D. To treat victims’ throats. 2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the invention? A. Its target users. B. Its practical necessity. C. Its major advantages. D. Its reasonable price. 3. What inspired Lih to invent the product? A. A kid’s death. B. His client’s suggestion. C. A garage accident. D. Material rewards. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A productive inventor. B. A convincing cure. C. An anti-choking device. D. An important toolbox. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了马萨皮加的亚瑟·李在听闻了海姆立克急救法无法解救一个被葡萄噎着的7岁的孩子，最终窒息而死的事件之后，在自家车库里发明了一套救生设备，能帮助从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物，他的这套设备有效且安全，已销售5000套。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. (大约18个月前，马萨皮加的亚瑟·李把他的第一台救生设备卖给了一个消防部门，当时杰里科消防部门购买了21台这个救生设备。现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发明旨在当海姆利克氏急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”可知，李发明的 LifeVac是救生设备，用来取出窒息受害者的喉咙中的异物。故选B项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. ‘It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,’ Maguire said. ‘I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.’ (自由港消防局是李的客户之一。该部门的执行主任雷·马奎尔说，他们购买了大约25台LifeVac设备，安装在卡车上，以及局长们的车辆上。‘这是工具箱里的一个额外工具，’马奎尔说。‘如果看到它的人不购买它，我会感到惊讶。这种工具你可能只需要一次，但它是你真正想要的工具，以防你需要它。它是负担得起的。我车里就有。我家里也有一个。’)”可知，借助于客户，宣传这个发明是一个非常实用的必需品，车上配一个，可做到有备无患。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. (李在他的车库里发明了这款产品，灵感出自于他和一个朋友去医院，当时朋友的母亲正在做检查。这位朋友说，上次他在那里的时候，一个7岁的孩子被一颗葡萄噎死。)”可知，这个孩子被葡萄噎着了，但是去了医院也没被救回来，说明海姆立克急救法没奏效，这个孩子的死亡促成Lih发明这个救生设备。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. (现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发明旨在当海姆利克氏急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”，以及第四段“A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (任何新型医疗设备都面临着一个挑战，那就是让潜在用户相信它是有效和安全的。根据《美国急诊医学杂志》8月份发表的一篇研究文章，在测试中，LifeVac在50次尝试中有49次成功地从死人的喉咙中移除了阻塞物。)”可知，本文介绍了Lih发明的可以防止喉咙处异物阻塞致死的一套设备。故选C项。 Passage 17 （24-25学年高二下•福建省长汀3月月考） British chip maker Walkers is being flooded with mail deliveries of its own packaging. An online petition (请愿) with more than 312,000 signatures so far encourages those who signed to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design. As petition organizer Geraint Ashcroft explained, the majority of chip packets, made from plastic coated with metal, are not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption. The UK alone consumes 6 billion bags of chips a year, and Walkers turns out 11 million bags daily. Ashcroft wrote, “At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by fish or birds, leading to a slow death.” Mailing the bags to Walkers is a way to hold the company accountable for its packaging and to pressure it to come up with a better design. But it is controversial. Because the Royal Mail postal service isn’t happy about the sudden inflow of packages, asking people calm down to help with ease of delivery. Critics on Twitter also question the logic of buying a product in order to protest against its producer and suggest that giving up chips altogether would improve one’s health as well as the environment. Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by 2025. “We have received some returned packets and recognized the efforts being made to bring the issue of packaging waste to our attention. The returned packets will be used in our research as we work towards our commitment of improving the recyclability of our packaging.” 1. Why do people mail their empty chip bags to Walkers? A. To make Walkers use them once more. B. To exchange them for some new chips. C. To oppose Walkers’ plastic packaging. D. To appeal to people not to use the bags. 2. What does the second paragraph mainly show? A. The potential harm of chip bags. B. The cause of animals’ death. C. The production of plastic bags. D. The opinion of Geraint Ashcroft. 3. What is the underlined word “accountable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Understandable. B. Anxious. C. Significant. D. Responsible. 4. How does Walkers react to the campaign? A. Doubtfully. B. Positively. C. Cautiously. D. Negatively. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在英国人们把薯片包装盒寄回给薯片公司Walkers作为对塑料袋不可回收设计的抗议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“An online petition (请愿) with more than 312,000 signatures so far encourages those who signed to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design. (到目前为止，已有超过312,000个签名的在线请愿书鼓励那些签名的人将他们的空芯片塑料袋邮寄给沃克斯，作为对塑料袋不可回收设计的抗议)”可知，人们把薯片塑料包装盒寄回Walkers是为了抗议该公司使用不可回收的塑料作为包装袋。故选C。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“As petition organizer Geraint Ashcroft explained, the majority of chip packets, made from plastic coated with metal, are not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption.(请愿活动组织者杰兰特·阿什克罗夫特解释说，大多数薯条包装都是由涂有金属的塑料制成的，是不可回收的，而且在食用33年后仍完好无损)”和“Ashcroft wrote, “At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by fish or birds, leading to a slow death.”(阿什克罗夫特写道：“按照现在的消费速度，33年后，将有2000亿个包裹被送到垃圾填埋场或污染我们的海洋。许多会被鱼或鸟吃掉，导致缓慢死亡。”)”可知本段主要介绍了薯片的包装给环境及动物带来的危害。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“pressure it to come up with a better design(迫使它想出一个更好的设计)”推知，人们认为寄回薯片的包装袋是让该公司对自己的包装负责的方法。由此猜测划线词意为“负责的”，与responsible同义。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by 2025.(沃克尔斯公司周三发表声明称，到2025年，公司将不再使用塑料包装)”可知，Walkers对待这次运动的态度是积极的。故选B。 Passage 18 （23-24学年高二下•四川省成都3月月考） Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to eavesdrop on cries of alarm from other creatures. But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble around. Writing in the journal Plos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey squirrels as they wandered about different areas in the residential regions of Oberlin. After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk (鹰), which lasted a couple of seconds-and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder. The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call, the squirrels increased the percentage of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the number of these “look-ups” dropped off faster over time. “Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors wrote. The team suggested that with levels of human-made noise increasing, squirrels may find it harder to eavesdrop on birds, meaning they may have to spend more time being alert and less time foraging. Dr Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, co-author of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.” 1. What does the new research find about squirrels’ eavesdropping? A. It lacks scientific evidence. B. It is more widespread and broader. C. It needs to be further investigated. D. It is contradictory to previous findings. 2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The subject of the experiment. B. The findings of the experiment. C. The process of the experiment. D. The purpose of the experiment. 3. Why is recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety important for squirrels? A. They can escape from potential risks. B. It helps them to forage food successfully. C. They can adapt to a new environment quickly. D. It ensures their safety when playing with their mates. 4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research? A. Its impacts. B. Its potential application. C. Its limitations. D. Its follow-up study. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍松鼠可以通过窃听其他物种之间的日常闲聊来判断危险的情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals including squirrels have previously been found to eavesdrop on cries of alarm from other creatures. But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble around. (此前，包括松鼠在内的动物被发现会窃听其他生物发出的警报声。但最新研究表明，动物也可能会留意其他物种之间的日常闲聊，以此来评估周围是否有麻烦。)”可知，以前的研究发现会窃听其他生物发出的警报声，而最新的研究表明，它们还会留意其他物种之间的日常闲聊，所以松鼠的窃听范围更加广泛。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call, the squirrels increased the percentage of their time spent “vigilant”(警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the number of these “look-ups” dropped off faster over time. (结果显示，在听到鹰叫声后的30秒内，松鼠比叫声前“保持警惕”的时间比例增加了，同时它们也更频繁地抬头扫描环境。在录音过程中，被播放鸟叫声的松鼠很少抬起头来，而且随着时间的推移，这些“仰视”的数量下降得更快。)”可知，这一段主要介绍实验的过程。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors wrote. (作者写道：“将鸟叫声识别为安全的标志可能是自适应的，因为松鼠在鸟叫声出现时可以安全地降低警惕水平，这可能会增加觅食的成功率。”)”可知，松鼠通过窃听鸟叫的声音来判断是否有危险，从而会增加觅食的成功率。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Dr Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, co-author of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.” (奥伯林学院这项研究的合著者Jakob Bro Jorgensen博士说：“这项研究提请人们注意动物如何通过使用乍一看似乎无关紧要的线索从环境中收集信息，”他说。“这让你想知道，人类活动对自然声景越来越普遍的影响可能会以我们从未想过的方式减少野生动物的生存。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍研究结果的影响和启示。故选A。 Passage 19 （24-25学年高二下•山东省泰安3月月考） The first hotel to change into a migrant shelter was the Row NYC, once a four-star hotel in Times Square that advertised itself as ‌“more New York than New York”. The hotel was repurposed in late 2022, when Mr. Adams declared that the population in traditional homeless shelters had hit a ‌“breaking point” absorbing more than 16,000 asylum seekers. And the city had the responsibility to house homeless people, including new immigrants, under a longstanding mandate (授权) known as right to shelter. Desperate for more space, the city negotiated an initial $40 million deal with the Row, still in financial trouble, from the pandemic (疫情). The hotel received $190 a night per room to house migrant families with children in its 1,331 rooms. As the pace of the migrant arrivals began to exceed 2,000 each week last year, more than 100hotels were turned into shelters. The contracts with the city — totaling up to 1.04 billion — became a boom for hotels recovering from inactive tourism, filling a critical need for migrant beds even as they created a shortage of rooms for some travelers. Nearly two dozen hotels in Mid-town Manhattan were removed from the tourist pipeline, transforming them into unlikely refuges in plain sight. Some drew special attention for robberies in Times Square last year that the police attributed to a small group of migrants living in the hotel. It was Ingrid Henao’s second week in New York, but the parents were already diligently applying for work permits and jobs. Still, Ms. Henao could not shake a feeling of guilt that their stay in the hotel, tucked between the skyscrapers of Billionaire’s Row, was being funded by American taxpayers. They were getting free laundry service, their clothes sometimes returned, folded and placed in their room, as well as housekeeping. Uncomfortable, Ms. Henao would sometimes prevent servants from cleaning the room. ‌“We’re getting spoiled,” Ms. Henao said. ‌“This was never my idea. I didn’t leave my country under the conditions for which we escaped.” 1. What does the author show by ‌“more New York than New York”? A. The Row NYC was a cheap hotel. B. People tended to live in the Row NYC. C. Row NYC was a representative of city culture. D. It’s amazing that the Row NYC was highest hotel. 2. What caused the appearance of the hotels’ turning into shelters? A. The government wanted to make money. B. The tourism was booming and calling for better service. C. Good conditions should be provided for the homeless people. D. The pandemic hit the city and migrant families increased. 3. What long-term issue might hotel conversions cause? A. Rising crime in tourist zones. B. Permanent tourist room shortages. C. Chronic taxpayer resentment. D. Migrant dependency on aid. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the deed? A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了纽约市将部分酒店改造成移民收容所。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中‌“The first hotel to change into a migrant shelter was the Row NYC, once a four-star hotel in Times Square that advertised itself as “more New York than New York”. (第一家被改造成移民收容所的酒店是Row NYC，它曾是时代广场的一家四星级酒店，广告自称“比纽约更纽约”)”可知，Row NYC酒店通过广告语‌“比纽约更纽约”来强调其作为纽约市文化代表的地位，暗示Row NYC酒店具有典型的纽约特色。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中‌“The hotel was repurposed in late 2022, when Mr. Adams declared that the population in traditional homeless shelters had hit a “breaking point” absorbing more than 16,000 asylum seekers. (该酒店在2022年底被重新利用，当时亚当斯先生宣布，传统无家可归者收容所的人口已达到“临界点”，收容了超过16,000名寻求庇护者)”和第三段中‌“Desperate for more space, the city negotiated an initial $40 million deal with the Row, still in financial trouble, from the pandemic. The hotel received $190 a night per room to house migrant families with children in its 1,331 rooms.(由于急需更多空间，市政府与仍因疫情陷入财务困境的Row酒店达成了最初的4000万美元协议。该酒店的1331间客房为带孩子的移民家庭提供住宿，每间客房每晚收取190美元)”可知，疫情导致酒店业陷入财务困境，同时寻求庇护者数量激增，促使政府将酒店改造成收容所。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中‌“The contracts with the city — totaling up to 1.04 billion — became a boom for hotels recovering from inactive tourism, filling a critical need for migrant beds even as they created a shortage of rooms for some travelers. (与市政府签订的总额达10.4亿美元的合同成为酒店从低迷旅游业中复苏的契机，尽管这导致部分游客面临房间短缺，但满足了移民床位的迫切需求)”可知，酒店改造虽解决了移民住宿问题，但可能导致旅游区域长期房间短缺。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段中‌“The contracts with the city — totaling up to 1.04 billion — became a boom for hotels recovering from inactive tourism, filling a critical need for migrant beds even as they created a shortage of rooms for some travelers. (与市政府签订的总额达10.4亿美元的合同成为酒店从低迷旅游业中复苏的契机，尽管这导致部分游客面临房间短缺，但满足了移民床位的迫切需求)”和‌“Some drew special attention for robberies in Times Square last year that the police attributed to a small group of migrants living in the hotel. (一些酒店因去年时代广场的抢劫案而受到特别关注)”，以及最后一段中‌“Still, Ms. Henao could not shake a feeling of guilt that their stay in the hotel, tucked between the skyscrapers of Billionaire’s Row, was being funded by American taxpayers.(尽管如此，Henao女士还是无法摆脱一种内疚感，因为他们在这家位于亿万富翁街摩天大楼之间的酒店里的住宿是由美国纳税人资助的)”可知，作者既客观陈述了酒店改造的积极影响，也提及了负面问题，同时呈现了移民的矛盾心理。作者没有表现出明显倾向性，对于这一政策持客观立场。故选A项。 Passage 20 （23-24学年高二下•福建省厦门6月月考） Commercial aviation (航空) alone contributes around three percent of total global carbon emissions (排放). But the industry is actively looking for green solutions in the form of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). In a study released this week, a team of researchers from the U. S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) details a method of transforming food waste into SAF that can be used in existing engines. Making SAF is a more complicated process—it’s got to be very similar to the petrol-based aviation fuel we use today in commercial flights. The researchers use volatile fatty acids (挥发性脂肪酸)(VFAs) from smelly food waste and transform it into simple paraffin molecules (石蜡分子) that can be used in fuel and really aren’t all that chemically different from traditional emissions-heavy fuels. There are other renewable biofuels that have been made from biomass (生物质), specifically oil and fat from vegetables and animals, but using the ever-mounting pile of food waste to fuel flights broadens those possibilities. Derek Vardon, a senior research engineer at NREL, says major companies are eager to get involved in SAF because some sustainable solutions, such as battery-operated commercial flights, just aren’t possible yet with current battery technology. A battery-powered plane would be too heavy to fly long distances—“So using SAF that works in the same way as the fuel we have is a simpler way to trade out traditional emissions-heavy fuels.” Vardon also says that “because the wet waste would normally go to a landfill and break down to release greenhouse gases, the process of making and using SAF could actually have a negative carbon footprint when it is dramatically used.” A major question as the researchers move forward with this type of research is if it is possible to run an airplane engine on fully renewable biofuel. Rolls-Royce recently did a test on one of their engines with 100 percent SAF and it worked. “This fuel is not crazy and we can solve these problems,” Vardon says. 1. Which of the following is TRUE about SAF? A. It can be used to reduce carbon emissions globally. B. It’s less functional than the petrol-based aviation fuel. C. It’s composed of VFAs and simple paraffin molecules. D. It is virtually impossible to be made from biomass like oil and fat. 2. What is the focus of Vardon’s words in paragraph 3? A. The benefits of food rubbish-generated SAF. B. The environmental impacts of the wet waste. C. The simple process of making and using SAF. D. The future of battery-operated commercial flights. 3. What is the author’s purpose of referring to Rolls-Royce’s test in the last paragraph? A. To promote its production. B. To confirm the potential of SAF. C. To show off its powerful airplane engines. D. To express doubt about the research. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Natural emergence of renewable biofuels B. Green alternative to emissions-heavy fuels C. Unavoidable decline of commercial aviation D. Gradual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国国家可再生能源实验室的研究人员利用食物垃圾生产可持续航空燃料，该燃料有望给未来客机提供动力。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段一、二句“Commercial aviation (航空) alone contributes around three percent of total global carbon emissions (排放). But the industry is actively looking for green solutions in the form of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).”（仅商业航空就贡献了全球总碳排放的3%左右。但航空业正在积极寻找绿色解决方案，即可持续航空燃料。）可知，SAF能降低全球的碳排放量。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中““So using SAF that works in the same way as the fuel we have is a simpler way to trade out traditional emissions-heavy fuels.” Vardon also says that “because the wet waste would normally go to a landfill and break down to release greenhouse gases, the process of making and using SAF could actually have a negative carbon footprint when it is dramatically used.””（所以使用与我们现有燃料工作方式相同的SAF是替代传统高排放燃料的一种更简单的方法。”瓦顿还说，“因为湿废物通常会被送往填埋场，分解并释放温室气体，如果大量使用，制造和使用SAF的过程实际上可能会产生负碳足迹。”）可知，使用食物垃圾制成的可持续航空燃料不仅是一种代替目前碳排放量大的燃料更简单的方法，而且又能产生“负碳效应”，由此可推知，Vardon的话关注的是可持续航空燃料的好处。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A major question as the researchers move forward with this type of research is if it is possible to run an airplane engine on fully renewable biofuel. Rolls-Royce recently did a test on one of their engines with 100 percent SAF and it worked.”（随着研究人员进行这类研究，一个主要的问题是，是否有可能使用完全可再生的生物燃料来运行飞机发动机。劳斯莱斯最近对他们的一款100% SAF的发动机进行了测试，并取得了成功。）可推知，作者提及劳斯莱斯所做的测试，目的是证实商务客机完全使用可持续航空燃料的可能性。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“In a study released this week, a team of researchers from the U. S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) details a method of transforming food waste into SAF that can be used in existing engines.”（在本周发布的一项研究中，来自美国能源部国家可再生能源实验室的一组研究人员详细介绍了一种将食物垃圾转化为SAF的方法，这种方法可以用于现有的发动机。）结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员正在努力利用食物垃圾来制作可持续航空燃料，从而代替目前碳排放量大的飞机燃料，故选B项“Green alternative to emissions-heavy fuels”（重碳排放量燃料的绿色替代品）作标题能概括文章主旨。故选B项。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之新闻报道 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·广东中山·5月月考） A British man is excited but exhausted after becoming the tenth Briton to reach the summit (顶点) of K2, the world’s second-highest mountain. Jake Meyer 34, a mountaineer and army reserve officer, reached the 28,251 ft (8.611 m) summit at 8 am local time on Saturday after a five-day climb from base camp. He had to spend two nights at a camp on the way to the summit to allow a snowstorm to pass. “This has been a journey more than ten years in the making, and my third attempt at this extraordinary mountain,” he told The Times. “While we were lucky with a weather window for our summit day, the conditions were still incredibly challenging at times, I’m happy to be back at base camp and I know my family and friends will be relieved that K2 is in the bag. Mr Meyer, from Gloucestershire, who reached the summit of Qomolangma at the age of 21. has been chronicling (按时序记载) his climb on social media, sending out a picture from the summit. After a two-day journey to base camp, he said, “I’m just looking forward to getting home to my incredibly supportive wife.” K2 was first summitted in 1954 by two Italian climbers, Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. It is the tallest mountain in the Karakoram range on the border of China and Pakistan. And it is the second most dangerous mountain in the world, killing every one climber out of four. Climbs are generally attempted in the summer due to the mountain’s severe weather. This was Mr Meyer’s third attempt, after journeys in 2009 and 2016 were abandoned due to bad weather. Poor conditions also forced him to turn back last week in his attempt to reach the summit of Broad Peak, the 12th highest mountain in the world and another of the “eight thousanders” — the 14 mountains in the world above 8,000 meters. He came within 150 meters of the top, which he was attempting to reach alone in preparation for his K2 climb. 1. What does the underlined phrase “a weather window” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. A piece of equipment for forecasting weather. B. A window through which people look out. C. A machine to protect against bad weather. D. A period of suitable weather conditions. 2. What do we know about K2 according to paragraph 5? A. The first attempt to climb it was made in 1954. B. Climbing it is dangerous with a high death rate. C. It is the most difficult to climb due to its poor weather. D. None of the attempts to climb it were made in winter. 3. What do we know about Jake Meyer? A. He spent five days climbing K2. B. He was the third man to reach the top of K2. C. He failed twice in his attempt to climb K2. D. He reached the summit of Broad Peak last week. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A story collection. B. A newspaper report. C. A research paper. D. A personal diary. Passage 2 （23-24学年高二下•广东省华侨中学5月月考） The first show to kick off London fashion week (LFW) on Thursday night had all the usual elements you’d expect — a long runway with pumping music, models in towering heels and surprise celebrity appearances causing the front row to take out their phones. However, there was one particular point of difference: the cast, including the model Erin O’Connor and TV presenter Miquita Oliver, were all wearing secondhand clothes. The show, Oxfam Fashion Fighting Poverty, was the third time the nonprofit has taken part in London fashion week. All the clothes came from Oxfam’s own stores and were styled by the British stylist Bay Garnett. Every look was available to buy on eBay after the show, helping to raise funds for the charity. Garnett is a pioneer of secondhand fashion. For Thursday night’s show, Garnett said she started the process by thinking about different types of tribes. Working through stock at Oxfam’s 50,000 sq ft storehouse in West Yorkshire, Garnett narrowed down what she wanted to feature by thinking about different types of tribes. “There has to be some type of character within the clothing, then I piece it together. So there’s goths (哥特人), the 60s, Americana, it’s a real mix.” Garnett cleverly created a variety of looks that would still appeal to a wide variety of cohorts (群体). The show, which was full to capacity, reflects the growing interest in pre-loved fashion. According to GlobalData, the clothes resale market in the UK grew by 149% between 2016 and 2022. It is forecast to rise by 67. 5% from 2022 to 2026. A spokesperson for Oxfam says its main clothing categories including womenswear and menswear are having the bestselling year of the last six, with year on year growth of more than 20%. Garnett, who started her career in fashion in the 90s, said, “Buying secondhand is a form of activism. We’re in a climate emergency so why wouldn’t younger generations buy secondhand? A sustainable option is now cool.” 1. What was the feature of Thursday night’s LFW’s opening show? A. It was aimed to promote the fast fashion. B. Many celebrities and models were present. C. The cast were wearing secondhand fashion. D. The sound and visual effects were impressive. 2. Why did Garnett create a variety of looks for the show? A. To attract a broader audience. B. To promote unity among tribes. C. To make the tribes better known. D. To turn them into a bigger character. 3. What do the data in Paragraph 4 indicate? A. UK’s broad categories of fashion. B. An increase in people’s earnings. C. A huge demand for fashion models. D. Secondhand’s growing popularity. 4. What are Garnett’s words in the last paragraph aimed at? A. Explaining a rule. B. Making a summary. C. Offering a suggestion. D. Providing evidence. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·广东广州·期中） One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down, and started looking restless. He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲). His non- profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50, 000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally. “So many kids associate reading with something you do in or for school,” he said. “If the only place a kid practices the piano is during a lesson, the progress will be slow. Our program is about getting kids to say three words: ‘I’m a reader.’” Irby’s program may seem straightforward but there’s a lot of thought behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. And Irby involves the barbers in his mission — training them to engage kids about reading. “We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about how they like reading, how funny a book was or tell them about another book another kid was reading.” Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact. ” “These books, I would say, have power,” 8-year-old boy Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.” 1. Why does the program appeal to children? A. Because it expresses children’s requirements. B. Because it shows children’s characteristics. C. Because it protects children’s security. D. Because it considers children’s preferences. 2. What made Denny Moe give up the video games finally? A. His motive for attract more customers. B. His ambition to make a difference. C. His desire to make a big fortune. D. His hope of meeting different demands. 3. What is the best title for this passage? A. Black Kids, Potential Big Readers B. Free Books, Good Way to Pay Back C. Colourful Covers, Nice Try to Attract Kids D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading Passage 4 （23-24高二下·山东泰安·3月月考） Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly good at fooling people. A series of photos showing former US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing. Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to the surroundings. However, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. The Washington Post’s technology writer Shira Ovide shared her tips. The main idea is to spot the problems anything that would look strange in a photo. AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly. It sometimes can create hands with more than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI. AI-generated images also usually contain details that are against reality. To spot this, focus on items like accessories. For example, people in an image may be missing earrings or one part of their sunglasses. If there’s text in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even though the text may look realistic from a distance. Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the background are usually blurry - or they don’t have faces at all! The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. “I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding that, being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy(素养) skills. “The world may not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” Shane Kittelson, a US researcher, told The Washington Post. 1. Why are Donald Trump’s photos mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To draw more people’s attention. B. To make people convinced of the news. C. To show the AI-generated images were fake. D. To prove that it’s easy for AI to cheat people. 2. Why does AI generate human hands incorrectly according to the text? A. It is unable to recognize human hands. B. The data it uses to learn contain errors. C. It doesn’t fully understand human hands. D. It has insufficient data about human hands. 3. Which of the following will Jamie Cohen agree with? A. AI artworks may not be reflective of true creativity. B. It’s high time to address the risks posed by AI works. C. AI artworks will replace traditional art forms in the future. D. Detecting real art demands strong media literacy competence. 4. Where is the text probably from? A. A news report. B. A diary. C. A research paper. D. A science fiction. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·湖南·期中） Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones. For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner, a Boeing 727, which had about 40,000 flights at its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations. After the successful transformation, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Altogether, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed (密封) pressure technology. Campbell enjoyed the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”. 1. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane? A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity. C. The incredibly high transformation cost. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it. 2. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as? A. A shelter in disasters. B. Tsunami warning center. C. A meeting place for local community. D. An advanced engineering workshop. 3. Why did Campbell transform the planes? A. To draw attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity. C. To advocate participation in recycling. D. To promote sustainable development. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Diverse approaches to sustainable living. B. A home designer becoming well-known online. C. Recent trends in renaissance-themed decoration. D. A former engineer recycling retired planes into homes. Passage 6 （23-24学年高二下•湖南省常德期中） A recent study has showed that a wearable soft robot, named Reliebo, can improve the experience of patients in medical treatments, such as injections (注射) and other unpleasant treatments. The goal of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety. The study, led by researchers at the University of Tsukuba, was inspired in part by the numerous needles people had to put up with while being vaccinated. Some people felt an intense di like for these needs, which led to fewer people getting vaccinated. The robot is soft and covered in fur. It contains small airbags internally that inflate(膨胀) in response to hand movement. Participants in the study who wore the robot while subjected to a medium heat stimulation, experienced less pain in the test than those who did not wear the robot. The research team checked the effectiveness of the wearable robot while being handled by participants under certain conditions, based on the clenching (紧握) of the hand. The team placed painful heat stimulation on the other arm that was not holding the robot. They then measured cortisol (皮质醇) levels from the participants’ saliva samples, suggesting levels of stress hormones. The pain felt by the patients was given specific ratings and was also recorded using an assessment table. The people in the study were given a survey test to assess their fear of injections before and after the experiment with the wearable robot was completed. The study proved that a wearable-informed robot may serve as a prospective tool to ease the experience of patients who were receiving injections. The research team hopes to use this study to advance the robot for use during painful situations, such as getting medical shots or similar conditions. 1. What is the function of the robot? A. To make doctors inject accurately. B. To prevent patients from getting il. C. To help relieve people’s pain from injections. D. To assess the effects of vaccines. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The reasons for doing the experiment on the robot. B. The proposals of reducing people’s fear of injections. C. The contributions of the new robot in the medical field. D. The methods of testing the effectiveness of the robot. 3. What does the underlined word “prospective” mean in the last paragraph? A. Useless. B. Promising. C. Narrow. D. Disgusting. 4. Where is the text probably from? A. A news report. B. A music website. C. A sports magazine. D. A science fiction. Passage 7 （23-24高二下·河南·5月月考） Hawaii lawmakers are considering legislation (立法) that would require visitors to pay for a year-long license or pass to visit state parks. Josh Green is the state’s governor. He said, “We get between 9 and 10 million visitors a year, but we only have 1.4 million people living here.” He added, “Those 10 million travellers should be helping us sustain our environment.” Lawmakers still debating how much they would charge. The governor campaigned in 2022 on the idea of having all tourists pay a $50 fee to enter the state. Legislators think this would violate US constitutional protections for free travel. They instead think visitors should pay to enter parks and trails. Either policy would be a first of its kind for any US state. Hawaii’s leaders are following the example of other popular tourist areas with similar fees or taxes. They include Venice, Italy, and Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands. Hawaii State Representative Sean Quinlan is the leader of the House Tourism Committee. He said changes in the activities of travellers are part of Hawaii’s push. He said golf rounds per visitor per day have dropped 30 percent over the past 10 years while hiking has increased50 percent. People are also seeking out isolated places they have seen on social media. The state does not have the money to oversee and protect all these places, he said. Most state parks and trails are currently free. Some of the most popular ones already charge, like Diamond Head State Monument. That trail leads hikers from the floor of a 300,000-year-old volcano up to the top. It gets 1 million visitors each year and costs $5for each traveller. A bill currently before the legislature would require visitors over the age of 15to buy a yearly pass to visit forests, parks, trails or “other natural area on state land”. People who live in Hawaii would not need to pay. 1. What does the underlined word “violate” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Break. B. Establish. C. Uphold. D. Perfect. 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The decreasing number of tourists to Hawaii. B. Advantages of Hawaii’s tourism resources. C. The increasing financial burden of Hawaii. D. One reason for wanting to charge tourists. 3. What can be concluded from the text? A. None of the attractions in Hawaii charge fees currently. B. The goal to charge fees is to limit the number of tourists. C. Lawmakers are arguing about whether charging fees is legal. D. Charging fees is beneficial for Hawaii’s natural environment. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A travel guide. C. A law textbook. D. A promotional brochure. Passage 8 （23-24高二下·山东淄博·期中） Many robots track objects by “sight”as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel”an unfamiliar object’s form- and skillfully handle it based on this information alone. University of California, San Diego, roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object”, Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm. They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably. Next, they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transfering the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks. So, in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,”Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shapes. 1. Why did Wang Xiaolong’s group conduct the research? A. To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors. B. To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions. C. To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition. D. To create a robotic hand to take hold of familiar objects. 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The function of robot hands in Wang’s research. B. The way that robot hands capture different objects. C. The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand. D. The working principle of robot hands in Wang’s research. 3. How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training? A. They used real-world objects. B. They used complex optical sensors. C. They relied on vision-based technology. D. They conducted simulations with a robot hand. 4. What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system? A. In different. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Dismissive. Passage 10 （23-24学年高二下•山东省实验中学5月月考） Extremely authentic-looking prosthetic (假体的) eyes can now be 3D-printed in a fraction of the time it would normally take to produce the eyes by hand, scientists demonstrate in a new study. The new technology can create a prosthetic eye in just 90 minutes, compared with the eight hours it would normally take a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one by hand. The 3D-printed eyes require five times less labor to make than traditional methods, the scientists behind the technology wrote in a new paper published in the journal Nature Communications. The 3D-printed eyes also look more natural than traditional prostheses; this could help improve a patient’s self-confidence in using the devices. “Patients are very conscious about wearing a prosthesis, and they don't want others to notice,” Johann Reinhard, lead study author and a researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research in Germany, told us. “With these more realistic eves, it might help them to participate more in society,” he said. The new printing approach involves taking a specialized image of a patient’s empty eye socket and of their healthy eye. These images are then processed and used to draft blueprints that can be sent to be 3D-printed in the lab. These 3D-printed eyes closely replicate the color, size and structure of the patient's healthy eye and are particularly good at capturing the colored part of the eye, known as the iris, and the white part of the eye, called the sclera. Once finished, the eyes take 15 to 30 minutes to be installed by an ocularist, Reinhard said. “About 80% of adults in need of prosthetic eyes could theoretically have one made this way, either due to a birth defect that causes an eye to be small or missing or because they’ve lost an eye,” the team said. “However, this wouldn’t be possible for all patients, such as those who have a very complex eye socket, as the software wouldn’t be able to find a matching shape for the prosthetic eye,” Reinhard said. “More data are needed to see if this technique could also be used to make prosthetic eyes for children,which would require more regulation,” Reinhard said. 1. Which of the following words can be best used to describe the 3D-printed eyes? A. Eco-friendly. B. Time-consuming. C. Fit-of-all. D. Realistic-looking. 2. How does the author develop his idea mainly in Paragraph 2? A. By justifying an idea. B. By giving examples. C. By providing evidence. D. By making a comparison. 3. Which statement is true about a 3D-printed eye? A. The patients prefer to show off their prosthetic eyes. B. Every adult in need of a prosthetic eye can’t possibly have one. C. It normally takes a skilled technician, or ocularist, to produce one. D. The installment of one is 5 times faster than a traditional prosthetic eye. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. 3D-printed Eyes——a Better Alternative B. 3D Printing—a Promising Technology C. 3D-printed Eyes—a Source of Confidence D. Prosthetic Eyes—the Hope for all Blind People Passage 11 （23-24学年高二下•山东省枣庄5月月考） Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal-rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions. 1. What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil? A. The moon is rich in rare elements. B. Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C. The moon can be lived on by human beings. D. Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 2. What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A. The process of the sun producing light. B. The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work. C. The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D. The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 3. What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Profession. B. Contract. C. Vision. D. Sponsor. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B. The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C. The research on the environmental system of the moon. D. The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. Passage 12 （23-24学年高二下•山东省青岛第二次月考） They thought it was going to be easy. A piece of cake. The band, Suenalo, were excited that they would present their skills to a group of troubled youth at a detention center (少管所).   They arrived at the invitation of a friend, who was an adviser at the center. He had mentioned a career day where members of the community came to speak to the teens about their jobs. Usually the speakers were bankers or lawyers, so he thought it would be interesting for the kids to meet some musicians and maybe even hear some music. “They need something cool to get their attention” was the pitch from the friend. The kids, about 40, were brought in, looking distant, some even angry. Chad Bernstein, the trombone player, started telling the career of a musician from touring to copyright to the business aspects, trying to draw their interest. However, it didn’t. Sensing that they couldn’t win, the band, a little thrown, decided to play one song. With music going, the kids seemed to respond, their heads nodding to the beat. One of them sang a lyric (歌词). The band sang it back. Then, one by one, the musicians began picking up the beat. Chad started free styling a rap, going back and forth with the kid, and in no time, other kids jumped in. Suddenly the band and the kids were creating a song from scratch and all of them were in musical heaven. For Chad, that moment inspired him to found Guitars Over Guns, an organization that pairs at-risk middle-schoolers with professional musicians. As both music teachers and life coaches, the musicians give the kids a way to find their creative voices and get through dark times. Over time, the kids have dropped their tough fronts and shared personal stories, from family tragedies to ordinary struggles at school with friends. “So far we’ve helped over 2,700 students. Our work is highly satisfying because it shows us that a music career is more than a job, it can have more impact,” says Chad Bernstein. 1. Why did the band come to the detention center? A. To get attention. B. To display skills. C. To plan their careers. D. To chat about music. 2. What can we learn about the song created on the spot? A. Its lyrics were from the kids. B. Chad owned its copyright. C. It was composed cooperatively. D. The kids picked up its beat. 3. What does Guitars Over Guns do to help at-risk teens? A. Offer guidance on life. B. Give full school instruction. C. Relate personal stories. D. Promote awareness of risks. 4. What kind of person is Chad Bernstein? A. Disciplined. B. Purposeful. C. Humorous. D. Traditional. Passage 13 （24-25高二下·山东·3月月考） Authors are upset after tech companies started using their books to train artificial intelligence without letting them know or seeking their permission. They worry about copyright and loss of income, among other issues. According to CNN, the system is called Books3, and according to an investigation by The Atlantic, the system is based on a collection of pirated (盗版的) e-books including all genres, from fiction to poetry. Books help generative AI systems with learning how to communicate information. The Atlantic article notes that some of the text that’s training AI on how to use language is taken from Wikipedia and other websites. But high-quality generative Al requires higher-quality input than what is usually found on the internet — that is, it requires the kind found in books. Many authors apparently don’t view the use of their books to train artificial intelligence as an honor. Rather, it’s a shortcut that robs them of their due, they say. CNN reported that Nora Roberts, who writes romantic novels, has 206 books in the database — “second only to William Shakespeare.” “The database is all kinds of wrong. We are human beings, we are writers and we are being exploited by people who want to use our work, without permission or compensation (赔偿金) to ‘write’ books, scripts, essays because it’s cheap and easy,” she said in a statement to CNN. Not everyone is upset, however, by use of their work to train AI. Ian Bogost, author of some popular books, wrote a column for The Atlantic. Bogost claims that successful art is beyond its creator’s plans, noting that an author cannot accurately predict a book’s audience. “To complain this unexpected use for my writing is to decline all of the other unpredictable uses for it. Speaking as a writer, that makes me feel bad.” 1. What contributes to some authors’ dissatisfaction with Books3? A. It is unable to train AI. B. It uses their works illegally. C. It fails to improve their income. D. It sells books without permission. 2. What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 concerning Books3? A. The bond it has with Wikipedia. B. The high quality it possesses. C. The reason it was created. D. The benefit it has brought. 3. What is Nora Roberts’ major concern about Books3? A. The lack of recognition for their work. B. The competition between AI and human authors. C. The decline in the quality of AI-generated content. D. The unauthorized use of their books for AI training. 4. Which statement would Ian Bogost probably agree with? A. It’s acceptable for books to be used to train AI. B. Being involved in Books3 is hardly an honor. C. Good art should be limited to creators’ plans. D. It’s necessary to predict a book’s audience. Passage 13 （23-24高二下·福建三明·5月月考） Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”. The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy. The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If these can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research. Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater. Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again. When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey. 1. What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project? A. Developing new AI captain systems. B. Testing the new robotic ship of IBM. C. Exploring the ocean with high technologies. D. Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower. 2. What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us? A. Its operating system. B. Its working principle. C. Its functional equipment. D. Its design philosophy. 3. What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage? A. The AI Captain sent wrong instructions. B. The electric motor got affected by something. C. The scientists wanted to change the ship’s route. D. The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis. 4. What could be the best title for the text? A. A Robotic Ship’s Global Voyage B. New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic C. New Mayflower’s Failed Mission D. AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship Passage 14 （23-24学年高二下•福建省厦门第二次月考） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 1. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 2. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 3. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen Passage 15 （23-24学年高二下•福建省莆田3月考） McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination (疫苗接种) information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot. Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features “We Can Do This”, a slogan (口号) created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines.gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information. The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups. Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May. “We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again,” said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations. Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said, “The public-private partnership will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities.” McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign. The “We Can Do This” campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get vaccinated. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $200 from their employer would work. The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to work out new ideas to further encourage the cautious, hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose (剂量) of the vaccine. 1. Why does McDonald’s redesign its Mc Cafe cups? A. To promote its coffee sales. B. To encourage people to get vaccined. C. To raise public safety awareness. D. To bid for government investment. 2. What do we know about the McDonald’s campaign? A. The slogan is to be displayed in mid-May. B. The government provides financial support. C. McDonald’s doubles its efforts for public health. D. McDonald’s assists people in making appointments. 3. What can be inferred about the vaccination rate? A. Employers can play a vital part. B. Government efforts were in vain. C. People’s busy work slows it down. D. Next month will witness an increase. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A government document. B. An advertisement. C. A tourist brochure. D. A newspaper. Passage 16 （24-25学年高二下•福建省龙岩3月月考） Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000 LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014. The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,” Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.” Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of oxygen. A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. 1. What’s the function of the LifeVac device? A. To put out the fire. B. To remove foreign objects. C. To design procedures. D. To treat victims’ throats. 2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the invention? A. Its target users. B. Its practical necessity. C. Its major advantages. D. Its reasonable price. 3. What inspired Lih to invent the product? A. A kid’s death. B. His client’s suggestion. C. A garage accident. D. Material rewards. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A productive inventor. B. A convincing cure. C. An anti-choking device. D. An important toolbox. Passage 17 （24-25学年高二下•福建省长汀3月月考） British chip maker Walkers is being flooded with mail deliveries of its own packaging. An online petition (请愿) with more than 312,000 signatures so far encourages those who signed to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design. As petition organizer Geraint Ashcroft explained, the majority of chip packets, made from plastic coated with metal, are not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption. The UK alone consumes 6 billion bags of chips a year, and Walkers turns out 11 million bags daily. Ashcroft wrote, “At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by fish or birds, leading to a slow death.” Mailing the bags to Walkers is a way to hold the company accountable for its packaging and to pressure it to come up with a better design. But it is controversial. Because the Royal Mail postal service isn’t happy about the sudden inflow of packages, asking people calm down to help with ease of delivery. Critics on Twitter also question the logic of buying a product in order to protest against its producer and suggest that giving up chips altogether would improve one’s health as well as the environment. Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by 2025. “We have received some returned packets and recognized the efforts being made to bring the issue of packaging waste to our attention. The returned packets will be used in our research as we work towards our commitment of improving the recyclability of our packaging.” 1. Why do people mail their empty chip bags to Walkers? A. To make Walkers use them once more. B. To exchange them for some new chips. C. To oppose Walkers’ plastic packaging. D. To appeal to people not to use the bags. 2. What does the second paragraph mainly show? A. The potential harm of chip bags. B. The cause of animals’ death. C. The production of plastic bags. D. The opinion of Geraint Ashcroft. 3. What is the underlined word “accountable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Understandable. B. Anxious. C. Significant. D. Responsible. 4. How does Walkers react to the campaign? A. Doubtfully. B. Positively. C. Cautiously. D. Negatively. Passage 18 （23-24学年高二下•四川省成都3月月考） Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to eavesdrop on cries of alarm from other creatures. But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble around. Writing in the journal Plos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey squirrels as they wandered about different areas in the residential regions of Oberlin. After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk (鹰), which lasted a couple of seconds-and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder. The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call, the squirrels increased the percentage of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the number of these “look-ups” dropped off faster over time. “Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors wrote. The team suggested that with levels of human-made noise increasing, squirrels may find it harder to eavesdrop on birds, meaning they may have to spend more time being alert and less time foraging. Dr Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, co-author of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.” 1. What does the new research find about squirrels’ eavesdropping? A. It lacks scientific evidence. B. It is more widespread and broader. C. It needs to be further investigated. D. It is contradictory to previous findings. 2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The subject of the experiment. B. The findings of the experiment. C. The process of the experiment. D. The purpose of the experiment. 3. Why is recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety important for squirrels? A. They can escape from potential risks. B. It helps them to forage food successfully. C. They can adapt to a new environment quickly. D. It ensures their safety when playing with their mates. 4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research? A. Its impacts. B. Its potential application. C. Its limitations. D. Its follow-up study. Passage 19 （24-25学年高二下•山东省泰安3月月考） The first hotel to change into a migrant shelter was the Row NYC, once a four-star hotel in Times Square that advertised itself as ‌“more New York than New York”. The hotel was repurposed in late 2022, when Mr. Adams declared that the population in traditional homeless shelters had hit a ‌“breaking point” absorbing more than 16,000 asylum seekers. And the city had the responsibility to house homeless people, including new immigrants, under a longstanding mandate (授权) known as right to shelter. Desperate for more space, the city negotiated an initial $40 million deal with the Row, still in financial trouble, from the pandemic (疫情). The hotel received $190 a night per room to house migrant families with children in its 1,331 rooms. As the pace of the migrant arrivals began to exceed 2,000 each week last year, more than 100hotels were turned into shelters. The contracts with the city — totaling up to 1.04 billion — became a boom for hotels recovering from inactive tourism, filling a critical need for migrant beds even as they created a shortage of rooms for some travelers. Nearly two dozen hotels in Mid-town Manhattan were removed from the tourist pipeline, transforming them into unlikely refuges in plain sight. Some drew special attention for robberies in Times Square last year that the police attributed to a small group of migrants living in the hotel. It was Ingrid Henao’s second week in New York, but the parents were already diligently applying for work permits and jobs. Still, Ms. Henao could not shake a feeling of guilt that their stay in the hotel, tucked between the skyscrapers of Billionaire’s Row, was being funded by American taxpayers. They were getting free laundry service, their clothes sometimes returned, folded and placed in their room, as well as housekeeping. Uncomfortable, Ms. Henao would sometimes prevent servants from cleaning the room. ‌“We’re getting spoiled,” Ms. Henao said. ‌“This was never my idea. I didn’t leave my country under the conditions for which we escaped.” 1. What does the author show by ‌“more New York than New York”? A. The Row NYC was a cheap hotel. B. People tended to live in the Row NYC. C. Row NYC was a representative of city culture. D. It’s amazing that the Row NYC was highest hotel. 2. What caused the appearance of the hotels’ turning into shelters? A. The government wanted to make money. B. The tourism was booming and calling for better service. C. Good conditions should be provided for the homeless people. D. The pandemic hit the city and migrant families increased. 3. What long-term issue might hotel conversions cause? A. Rising crime in tourist zones. B. Permanent tourist room shortages. C. Chronic taxpayer resentment. D. Migrant dependency on aid. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the deed? A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. Passage 20 （23-24学年高二下•福建省厦门6月月考） Commercial aviation (航空) alone contributes around three percent of total global carbon emissions (排放). But the industry is actively looking for green solutions in the form of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). In a study released this week, a team of researchers from the U. S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) details a method of transforming food waste into SAF that can be used in existing engines. Making SAF is a more complicated process—it’s got to be very similar to the petrol-based aviation fuel we use today in commercial flights. The researchers use volatile fatty acids (挥发性脂肪酸)(VFAs) from smelly food waste and transform it into simple paraffin molecules (石蜡分子) that can be used in fuel and really aren’t all that chemically different from traditional emissions-heavy fuels. There are other renewable biofuels that have been made from biomass (生物质), specifically oil and fat from vegetables and animals, but using the ever-mounting pile of food waste to fuel flights broadens those possibilities. Derek Vardon, a senior research engineer at NREL, says major companies are eager to get involved in SAF because some sustainable solutions, such as battery-operated commercial flights, just aren’t possible yet with current battery technology. A battery-powered plane would be too heavy to fly long distances—“So using SAF that works in the same way as the fuel we have is a simpler way to trade out traditional emissions-heavy fuels.” Vardon also says that “because the wet waste would normally go to a landfill and break down to release greenhouse gases, the process of making and using SAF could actually have a negative carbon footprint when it is dramatically used.” A major question as the researchers move forward with this type of research is if it is possible to run an airplane engine on fully renewable biofuel. Rolls-Royce recently did a test on one of their engines with 100 percent SAF and it worked. “This fuel is not crazy and we can solve these problems,” Vardon says. 1. Which of the following is TRUE about SAF? A. It can be used to reduce carbon emissions globally. B. It’s less functional than the petrol-based aviation fuel. C. It’s composed of VFAs and simple paraffin molecules. D. It is virtually impossible to be made from biomass like oil and fat. 2. What is the focus of Vardon’s words in paragraph 3? A. The benefits of food rubbish-generated SAF. B. The environmental impacts of the wet waste. C. The simple process of making and using SAF. D. The future of battery-operated commercial flights. 3. What is the author’s purpose of referring to Rolls-Royce’s test in the last paragraph? A. To promote its production. B. To confirm the potential of SAF. C. To show off its powerful airplane engines. D. To express doubt about the research. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Natural emergence of renewable biofuels B. Green alternative to emissions-heavy fuels C. Unavoidable decline of commercial aviation D. Gradual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$