课时跟踪检测(12)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(十二) [对应学生用书P209] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Although we didn't go to the circus(马戏团) that night, we didn't feel regretful. 2．With a small marriage certificate(证明书) in hand, they get married. 3．Open the curtains and turn up the lights. 4．Students who take a gap year are often more mature(成熟的) and responsible. 5．Today he lives in a small dormitory(集体宿舍) room with second­hand furniture. 6．The editor said he had no time to look through the essays contributed recently. 7．What's the author's purpose in writing the first two paragraphs? 8．Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop(笔记本电脑) increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly”． 9．The pepper in the food caused me to sneeze(打喷嚏). 10．Before railways came into being, the carriage was a popular means of transportation. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The students put the books on the library desk, and one librarian(library) checked them in. 2．I composed(compose) myself, and then walked unhurriedly into the teacher's office. 3．It was a very polished(polish) performance, but it lacked soul. 4．I held his hands tightly(tight) and was at a loss for words when expressing my thanks. 5．With my educational background and working experience, I believe I am well qualified(qualify) for the position. 6．The extension(extend) of the road network has boosted local tourism development, with some villagers opening hotels and restaurants and earning more money. 7．In her study, participants were randomly(random) assigned to two groups. 8．I keep my reference(refer) books near my desk for convenience. 9．I was sorting through some boxes in the drawer(draw) last week when I came across a teddy bear from my childhood. 10．Presentation(present) is important if you want people to buy your products. Ⅲ.用合适的介词或副词填空 1．Buildings and cities appeared and disappeared in a flash. 2．Having polished off a slice or two of bread, she started work again. 3．Teachers are required to meet in the office at noon to bounce ideas off each other. 4．For the grounders, confidence is the fuel to carve out． 5．The old man reflected on the changes that had taken place since his youth. 6．I desperately tried to fit in my new school. 7．This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. 8．We must stick to our task till it is finished. 9．It dawned on me that it was only a dream. 10．Winter sped by,_gave place to Spring. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The general was dressing his hair at_the_moment_when_the_stranger_entered． 当那个陌生人进来的时候，将军正在梳头。 2．On_no_condition_must_you_tell them the secret. 你无论如何也不能告诉他们这个秘密。 3．For a moment nothing did_happen，then came voices all shouting together. 有一会儿真的什么都没有发生，然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。 4．I will never forget the days we_spent_together． 我永远都不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 5．Recycling_rubbish costs money and requires special equipment. 回收垃圾的造价很高，又需要专用设备。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·广东佛山高二下期末)Unlike well­trained dogs that are able to distinguish between common orders like “sit” and “stay”， some “Gifted Word Learner” dogs can associate objects with words. One year ago, Shany Dror and her colleagues at Eotvos Loránd University in Hungary discovered that some dogs have an obviously excellent natural ability to acquire object names. To study this further—how many words they can learn in a certain period of time and whether they can still remember the words after an extended period—they looked for more “Gifted Word Learner” dogs online and, in the end, they found six qualified dogs. The researchers sent each dog's owner six new toys. Owners then had six days to teach their dogs the names of the toys with their usual methods.These generally involved playing with the dog and each toy, often for just half an hour a day. At the end of the six­day learning period, the research team used online video conferencing to test the dogs' abilities to pick out each toy by name from a number of old and new toys. Each owner sat with their dog in one room and told them to fetch a given toy from a second room. All the dogs successfully brought back at least five of the six new toys. The team then sent another 12 new toys and repeated the process. All the dogs successfully brought back at least 11 of the toys. Afterwards, half the new toys were stored for one month, and the other half for two months, and the dogs were tested again after each storage period. Five of the dogs remembered all the toy names after one month, and four dogs remembered all or almost all of them after two months. Dror says these dogs, which are raised in the home like human children, provide an excellent animal model(模式) for studying the way humans acquire language. An animal model offers a basis of comparison for understanding which language­learning skills are specific to humans, and which aren't.“We want to understand what makes humans different，” says Dror. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了匈牙利Eotvos Loránd大学的Shany Dror和她的同事们的研究， 他们对6只“有天赋的单词学习者”狗进行了研究，发现它们能把物体和单词联系起来，并能长时间记住物品名称。这个动物学习模型为了解哪些语言学习技能是人类特有的，哪些不是，提供了比较的基础。 1．What is the research mainly about? A．Dogs' daily behaviors. B．Dog training methods. C．Dog­human relationship. D．Dogs' learning ability. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To study this further—how many words they can learn in a certain period of time ... they found six qualified dogs.”可知，这是一个关于狗的学习单词的能力以及单词长时间记忆能力的研究。故选D项。 2．What is the reason the six dogs were chosen for the research? A．Their talent for learning object names. B．Their ability to recognize human voice. C．Their tendency to follow human orders. D.Their intelligence to interact with human. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的“they found six qualified dogs(他们找到了6只合格的狗)”可知，这六只狗之所以被选为研究对象，是因为它们有学习物体名称的天赋。故选A项。 3．The six dogs learned the toy names through ________． A．video games B．continuous training C．counting toys D．playing outdoors B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Owners then had six days to teach their dogs the names of the toys with their usual methods.”可知，然后，狗的主人有六天的时间用他们常用的方法来教他们的狗这些玩具的名字，即进行为期六天的“持续训练”。故选B项。 4．Why were the dogs tested again after one or two months? A．To check their learning progress. B．To study their long­term memory. C．To confirm the previous assumption. D．To maintain their interest in learning. B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To study this further—how many words they can learn in a certain period of time and whether they can still remember the words after an extended period(为了进一步研究这个问题——在一段时间内它们能学会多少单词，一段时间后它们是否还能记住这些单词)”可知，此研究有两个任务，一个是测试狗对物品名字的学习能力，另一个是测试狗对这些物品名字的记忆能力。由此推知，在一两个月后再次对狗进行测试是为了研究它们的长期记忆。故选B项。 B (2022·江苏南京六校联合体高三月考)The most intuitive argument against immigration we come across is that immigrants are causing higher unemployment rate or lower wages for low­skilled workers within the nation, which is probably not true in the US. Statistics show that in the US, wages and unemployment rate are rarely affected for the reason that immigrants move more flexibly for jobs than local workers. Immigration boosts economy by driving up both demand and supply. Official data show that immigrants have a far more diverse composition than the native­born. They have a higher percentage of doctoral degree owners while also a higher percentage of worse­educated. The effect is that companies actually adjust to the change in job market in the long­run and figure out their way to deal with a mix of workers with different skills and levels, which at the end of the day fits them into different jobs. For those who have a bachelor or a doctoral degree, they are the driving engines whose innovation largely boosts the US economy. Immigrants to the United States tend to generate more patentable technologies than natives: though they constitute only 18 percent of the 25 and older workforce, immigrants obtain 28 percent of high­quality patents. Immigrants are also more likely to become Nobel winners in physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine. These innovations can increase productivity and job supplies in the long run. For those badly­educated, even though they did cause a negative impact to net financial contribution to the US government, the impact is rather small compared to those undereducated native people. It is because as immigrants who come to seek for a change for their life, it is more likely for them to take a job rather than accepting the basic living standard provided by government subsidy like those desperate native­born Americans who have lost faith in the so­called “American Dream”. In the long run, it eases the burden of government and brings in more tax income. In this sense, their stable income also brings about more domestic demand in the US. All in all, immigrants are actually beneficial for the US economy, largely owing to the values created by those highly­educated. The expulsions of unauthorized immigrants may bring about negative impact to the economy. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么移民对美国的经济有积极影响，分别从移民的特点、受不同教育程度的移民对经济的影响进行了详细的分析。 5．Why does the author write this passage? A．To appeal to more foreigners to immigrate to America. B．To urge the US to treat unauthorized immigrants equally. C．To confirm what's long been believed about immigration. D．To argue for the positive economic effects of immigration. D　解析：推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者认为移民实际上对美国经济有益，这在很大程度上归功于那些受过高等教育的人所创造的价值观。驱逐非法移民可能会给经济带来负面影响。所以作者写这篇文章是为了论证移民对美国经济的积极影响，故选D项。 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．Companies are more willing to employ immigrants. B．Immigrants are more adaptable than native Americans. C．Most Americans with a doctor's degree are immigrants. D.Immigration creates more job opportunities for America. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，对于那些拥有学士或博士学位的人来说，他们是驱动引擎，他们的创新在很大程度上提振了美国经济。从长远来看，这些创新可以提高生产率和就业供应。移民为美国创造了更多的就业机会，故选D项。 7．How are immigrants different from the natives? A．They contribute less to government finances. B．They have less access to government subsidy. C．They're more confident of the American Dream. D．They're more likely to go where jobs are available. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，因为作为来寻求生活改变的移民，他们更有可能去找一份工作，而不是像那些对所谓的‘美国梦’失去信心的绝望的土生土长的美国人一样，接受政府补贴提供的基本生活水平。移民和本地人的不同在于，移民更倾向于去有工作的地方，故选D项。 8．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By listing specific statistics. B．By making a detailed analysis. C．By presenting typical examples. D．By comparing different opinions. B　解析：推理判断题。结合第二段从移民的构成比土生土长的人更加多样化，且能够最终适应不同的工作，来说明移民通过增加需求和供给来刺激经济。据此可以推知，文章是通过做详细的分析展开的，故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2022·湖南十二校高三期中)I dropped out of college after my freshman year. Three years later I __1__ to college in autumn after finding myself having difficulty with college­level algebra. But after a week, I was ready to drop out again. Then a smartly dressed woman walked __2__ to the front of my English composition class. “Look at each and every one of you，” she said. “You're here __3__ you want to change your lives for the better. And you're going to __4__ it！” I can't __5__ the rest of the speech, but it changed the __6__ of my college career, and my life. I felt she was speaking __7__ to me. She knew exactly what I was feeling and what many of my fellow students were probably feeling __8__. I came out of that lecture __9__ to succeed. Having trouble __10__ up with the workload? Break it down into small manageable pieces, and set up a __11__that works for you. Professors lecturing too fast for you to take notes? __12__ them with a question so you can catch up on your notes, she advised. She cared for us, she worried about us and she advised and __13__ us. She never let us lose sight of our dreams or our potential. Today, as a college instructor, I often think of Mrs Peters each __14__ when I stand in front of a new class and am __15__ of how much teachers can affect their students. She made a huge difference in my life. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者读完大学一年级后就辍学了，在工作中发现知识欠缺又回到学校。一位非常负责的老师教会了他很多很多。现在是大学讲师的作者，回忆起自己的老师，满是感恩之情。 1．A.applied B．returned C．agreed D．referred B　解析：本段最后一句提到作者又想辍学，说明作者因为代数差而又“回到(returned)”了学校。故选B。 2．A.confidently B．hopefully C．carefully D．cheerfully A　解析：根据下文可知，这位打扮精练的老师确实很厉害，在作者关键的时刻，引导作者走上了正路。可见，这位老师走到讲台上应该是非常“自信地(confidently)”。故选A。hopefully满怀希望地；carefully小心翼翼地；cheerfully欢乐地。 3．A.though B．because C．once D．unless B　解析：来这儿是“因为(because)”想把生活变得更好。前后有因果关系。故选B。 4．A.make B．get C．have D．find A　解析：表示来这儿的结果。老师鼓励自己的学生：你们肯定会获得“成功(make it)”，固定短语。故选A。 5．A.wait B．afford C．remember D．stand C　解析：结合上下文可知，由于重新回到学校，作者还是感到失望，又准备退学，想不到这位老师的到来，所说的几句话，深入作者内心，极大地鼓舞了作者。所以，作者能“记住(remember)”的就是这几句，其他的话语，作者早已经忘记了。故选C。 6．A.subject B．degree C．scholarship D．course D　解析：作者本想再次退学。但是这位老师吸引了作者，改变了作者大学的经历，也改变了作者的人生。可见，改变的是作者学习和人生的“轨迹(course)”。故选D。 7．A.voluntarily B．cleverly C．directly D．cautiously C　解析：根据下文可知，作者觉得老师所说的这些话，好像就是“直接(directly)”针对自己一样。故选C。voluntarily志愿地； cleverly聪明地； cautiously小心翼翼地。 8．A.as a rule B．as a consequence C．as usual D．as well D　解析：这位老师既知道作者心里的想法，“也(as well)”懂得作者的同学的心里感受。故选D。as a rule通常；as a consequence因此；as usual像往常一样。 9．A.expected B．determined C．prepared D．satisfied B　解析：根据下文可知，作者确实花费了很大的努力，取得了成功。可见，当时，作者听了这位老师的话之后，“下定决心(determined)”去取得成功。故选B。 10．A.coming B．putting C．keeping D．teaming C　解析：下文提到，需要把这些学习任务分成可完成的几个小块。可见，老师说的是，在学习任务方面难以“跟上进度(keep up with)”。故选C。come up with提出；put up with忍受；team up with与……合作。 11．A.schedule B．trap C．trick D．game A　解析：制定一个切实可行的“计划(schedule)”来完成这些学习任务。故选A。 12．A.Leave B．Disturb C．Ignore D．Interrupt D　解析：教授讲课的速度太快，根本来不及做笔记，这位老师就建议用提问的方式来“打断(interrupt)”教授的讲课，然后加紧做笔记。故选D。disturb妨碍；ignore忽视，不理睬。 13．A.disciplined B．encouraged C．supported D．inspired A　解析：作为老师，会关心学生，担心学生，给学生建议并且“管教(disciplined)”学生。故选A。encourage鼓励； support支持； inspire激励，这三项都是下一句的内容。 14．A.spring B．summer C．fall D．winter C　解析：根据第一段第二句的提示且根据常识可知，开学一般在秋季。故选C。 15．A.told B．persuaded C．warned D．reminded D　解析：每年秋天，站在讲台上，面对新生，作者都会“想起(remind sb. of sth.)”自己的老师，想到老师对学生的影响是巨大的。故选D。 Ⅲ.概要写作 In recent years, our parenting culture began to send the message that competence was important for building self­esteem. However, that same parenting culture made a big mistake by telling parents that the way to instill competence in their children was to tell them how competent they were. But here's the problem. Children can't be convinced that they are competent. When parents try to convince their children of how competent they are, they often have the exact opposite effect. There is this little thing called reality that children have to confront on a daily basis. When children are faced with the conflict between what their parents had told them about how good they are and what reality is telling them, the result is the bursting of the “You are the best” bubble that their parents blew up for them. You can, however, do several things to encourage them to develop their own competence. First, you can give them opportunities in their daily lives to gain a sense of competence, for example, dressing, eating, drawing, cooking, and interacting with others. These daily experiences allow your children to develop specific competencies that will be helpful to them as they progress through childhood and into adulthood. Second, you can be sure that they gain the most value from their experiences. You can direct their focus to the competencies that enabled those successes (e.g.“You were really focused and worked hard on that project.”) rather than some generic praise of the accomplishment itself (e.g.“Good job！”).And you can praise their accomplishments (e.g.“You must feel so good about your project.”). But you shouldn't just focus on the successes because, as every parent knows, as your children develop, they will experience far more failures than successes as they begin to gain competence. How you react often dictates how they will respond to those failures. If you are positive and supportive, your children will get the message that failure is okay and just a part of life. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Parenting culture misleads parents to instill children's competence by telling they are competent.(要点1)But it causes the opposite effect that children will be unsure about this competence when they face reality. (要点2)However, parents can offer opportunities like daily chores to develop children's competence. (要点3)What's more, ensure them gaining the most value from their experiences by focusing on their competences instead of success itself. (要点4)But besides success, failure should also be focused.(要点5) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$