课时跟踪检测(4)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(四) [对应学生用书P151] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．We should encode(把……编码) the message for security reasons. 2．Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible. 3．We have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed. 4．It really is a sad situation, and I feel sympathy for the people involved. 5．There used to be plenty of small industrial enterprises(企业). 6．The keyboard should be pretty straightforward(简单的) to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic­like parts. 7．“You must be Annie，” he said in a friendly tone． 8．The angry person can experience empathy(同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. 9．One factor resulting in my weight gain was my love for cooking. 10．Friction (摩擦) between moving parts has caused the machine to overheat. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．In the past, there was often an automatic reaction(react) to increased traffic. 2．He looked into everyone's eyes and said gently(gentle), “I will answer all of your questions.” 3．We've always regarded him as a man of high professional competence(competent). 4．My dad folded(fold) the newspaper and handed it to me. 5．The knowledgeable(knowledge) teachers there could help you learn more about Chinese cultures. 6．That enables communications engineers to evaluate precisely(precise) telephone, radio and TV circuits(电路). 7．People live in these places because they are naturally suited(suit) to communications and trade. 8．He said the proposals would have to be_approved(approve) by the engineering department. 9．Afterwards, the listener can ask some questions to_clarify(clarify) the speaker's position. 10．It's good to be aware of the cultural differences before you begin using gestures(gesture). Ⅲ.短语填空 negotiate with，dependent on，a means of，put yourself in sb.'s shoes，account for，face to face，approve of，refer to as, as to，function as 1．We've decided to negotiate_with the employers about our wage claims. 2．Put_yourself_in_my_shoes;_feel as mean as I did, as ashamed as I felt. 3．It is said that body language accounts_for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 4．My voice teacher does not approve_of eating ice cream before singing. 5．Ideas are instruments that function_as guides of action. 6．Scientists are working to devise a_means_of storing this type of power. 7．With a caravan，you can stop at your own convenience；you're not dependent_on hotels. 8．You can talk to anyone face_to_face with a phone, however far away he is. 9．This typical sleep pattern is usually referred_to_as the “night owl” schedule of sleep. 10．As_to the farmers，they hope they can enjoy good and affordable medical care and that their children can receive good education. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Generally speaking, a new product will sell better if_promoted with an advertising campaign. 一般来说，新产品如果通过广告宣传来促销，销路会更好。 2．There are some people who will be with you throughout life's journey and there will be some people with_whom you part and go separate ways. 有些人会和你共度一生，有些人会和你分道扬镳。 3．Once_these_difficulties_are_got_over,_we will have no further difficulties. 一旦克服了这些困难，我们就不会再有困难了。 4．While/Although_they_didn't_know_much_Chinese,_the foreign visitors were able to make themselves understood through body language. 尽管这些外国游客对汉语知道的不多，但他们却能够通过肢体语言表达自己的意思。 5．Suppose/Supposing_(that)_something_goes_wrong,_what should you do? 假设出了问题，你应该怎么做？ Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·湖北鄂州高二上期末)The girl on the pink flamingo­shaped raft was floating away quickly, screaming as her father yelled for a lifeguard who didn't appear. Two brothers who were nearby had expected to spend a relaxing afternoon. Before they could think about it, they were jumping into the sea and swimming towards the girl as fast as they could during a rescue that took almost an hour. In the cold, sometimes choppy(波涛汹涌的) water, they raced towards the girl in the distance. They had a moment of panic when the girl who was still far away fell off the raft and briefly dipped under the water, then popped back up. They swam for about 25 minutes until they were close enough to yell at her that she would be okay and that they would take her back to the shore. When they finally reached her, they helped keep her head above water and took turns swimming on their backs with the girl on their chests as they made their way against the current back to shore. Then the brothers took the girl into a beach tent to protect her from the elements(恶劣的天气). Tourists rushed to cover her in layers of towels. As the brothers recovered on the beach after the rescue, they felt the pressure that had built up in their chests slowly fade away. A rescue service crew and paramedics(医护人员) arrived a few minutes later and took the girl to a hospital. She later made a full recovery. The girl's family visited the brothers at the house where they were staying to thank them. “It was emotional. It was extremely rewarding once we got to her，” the brothers said. “Seeing her jump around and kiss her mom, that was actually amazing.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两兄弟救了一个坐着木筏漂在远海处的小女孩的故事。 1．According to Paragraph 1, what happened to the girl? A．She lost her pink raft. B．She floated far on the sea. C．She swam in the deep ocean. D．She asked the lifeguard for help. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The girl on the pink flamingo­shaped raft was floating away quickly, screaming as her father yelled for a lifeguard who didn't appear.(那个女孩坐在粉红色的火烈鸟形状的木筏上，一边尖叫着，一边飞快地漂走了，而她的父亲则大声呼叫救生员，但救生员并没有出现。)”可知，坐在粉红色火烈鸟形状的木筏上的小女孩很快就漂走了。故选B。 2．Why did the brothers have a moment of panic? A．The girl was in great danger. B．They dipped under the water. C．The raft was damaged by a big wave. D．The water was too choppy to swim in. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“They had a moment of panic when the girl ... her back to the shore.(当离他们很远的女孩从木筏上掉下来，短暂地沉入水中，然后又冒出来时，他们感到一阵恐慌。他们游了大约25分钟，直到离她足够近，才朝她大喊，她会没事的，他们会把她带回岸边。)”可推知，小女孩处于极度危险中。故选A。 3．What did the brothers do first when they got back to shore? A．They lay on the beach to recover. B．They brought the girl to a hospital. C．They moved the girl into a beach tent. D.They covered the girl in layers of towels. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“When they finally reached her ... protect her from the elements.(当他们终于到达她的身边时，他们帮助她把头露出水面，然后两人轮流仰面游泳，把女孩抱在胸前，逆流而上返回岸边。然后兄弟俩把女孩带进一个海滩帐篷，保护她免受恶劣天气的伤害。)”可知，他们把小女孩带回岸上后，首先将她移到海边的帐篷里。故选C。 4．Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Sad stories. B．Survival stories. C．Love stories. D．Adventure stories. B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段，并结合文章主要讲述了两兄弟救了一个坐着木筏漂在远海处的小女孩的故事。由此可推测，这篇文章应该出自“幸存故事”板块。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2022·浙江省金衢六校联盟高二下期末联考) In a time when many middle school kids carry around $600 phones that they take for granted, teaching gratitude can feel like an uphill battle. But despite the challenges you might face in helping kids feel grateful, it can be worthwhile.1.______ Encourage your child to say “Thank you” on a regular basis. Offer gentle reminders like, “Your brother let you go first. What should you say to him？” You can also encourage your kids to write “thank you” notes to people who give them gifts or show them kindness.2.______ Or your teen might write a “thank you” letter to a coach who has made an impact on their lives. Once your child remembers to say “thank you” on a regular basis, it can be time to dig a little deeper.3.______And take their understanding of gratitude to a whole new level. 4．______ This might involve returning a favor, like giving a toy to a friend who is kind. Or it could involve an act of service like doing yard work for a relative. Make it clear that there are many ways to show people that you're grateful for all they do. Of course, there will be times when your kids seem to be ungrateful.5.______It's normal for kids to believe that they deserve something and don't have to show gratitude at times. So turn these times into teachable moments. Work on new gratitude strategies and keep modeling how to be thankful, and you'll likely see these moments fade away. A．This doesn't mean you've failed in teaching, however. B．Make it a habit to regularly express gratitude in school. C．Here are a few strategies to help your kids feel more grateful. D．Developing a sense of gratitude isn't complex or challenging. E．There are many things your child can do to show appreciation. F．Start having conversations about what it means to be thankful. G．Your child might draw a picture for an aunt who gave them a gift. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了在这个物质生活非常丰富的年代，教会孩子们学会感恩是一件很困难的事情。作者介绍了一些具体的措施，帮助人们教会孩子们如何表达感恩，这个过程虽然具有挑战性，但是也是值得的。 1．C　解析：根据第二段首句“Encourage your child to say ‘Thank you’ on a regular basis.(鼓励你的孩子经常说‘谢谢’。)”第三段首句“Once your child remembers to say ‘thank you’ on a regular basis, it can be time to dig a little deeper.(一旦你的孩子经常记得说‘谢谢’，就是时候深入挖掘了。)”这些都是你教孩子如何学会感恩的具体措施。所以C项“Here are a few strategies to help your kids feel more grateful.(这里有一些策略可以帮助你的孩子更感恩。)”引出下文，符合文意。故选C项。 2．G　解析：上文“You can also encourage your kids to write ‘thank you’ notes to people who give them gifts or show them kindness.(你也可以鼓励你的孩子给送他们礼物或表达善意的人写感谢信。)”是在举例说明你可以教孩子们如何感恩；下文“Or your teen might write a ‘thank you’ letter to a coach who has made an impact on their lives.(或者你的孩子可能会给对他们的生活产生影响的教练写一封感谢信。)”是孩子们可以做的感恩的事情。所以G项“Your child might draw a picture for an aunt who gave them a gift.(你的孩子可能会为送给他们礼物的阿姨画一幅画。)”也是在举例说明孩子们为表达感恩做的事情，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 3．F　解析：根据上文“Once your child remembers to say ‘thank you’ on a regular basis, it can be time to dig a little deeper.(一旦你的孩子经常记得说‘谢谢’，就是时候深入挖掘了。)”可知，孩子们已经开始学会感恩了；下文“And take their understanding of gratitude to a whole new level.(让他们对感恩的理解达到一个全新的高度。)”提到当孩子们已经对感恩有所认识的时候，要乘胜追击，给他们讲解感恩的意义，让他们对感恩有更深刻的理解。所以F项“Start having conversations about what it means to be thankful.(开始讨论感恩意味着什么。)”符合文意，承上启下。故选F项。 4．E　解析：下文“This might involve returning a favor ... grateful for all they do.(这可能涉及回报，比如给一个善良的朋友一个玩具。或者也可以是一些服务，比如为亲戚在院子里干活。要清楚，有很多方式可以向人们表达你对他们所做的一切的感激之情。)”是在具体阐述孩子们表达感恩能做的事情。所以E项“There are many things your child can do to show appreciation.(你的孩子可以做很多事情来表达感激之情。)”符合文意，开启下文。故选E项。 5．A　解析：上文“Of course, there will be times when your kids seem to be ungrateful.(当然，有时你的孩子会显得忘恩负义。)”提到孩子们有时候会忘记感恩；下文“It's normal for kids to believe that they deserve something and don't have to show gratitude at times.(孩子们认为他们应该得到一些东西，有时不需要表达感激之情，这很正常。)”提到孩子们偶尔忘记感恩，也是正常的。所以A项“This doesn't mean you've failed in teaching, however.(然而，这并不意味着你在教学上失败了。)”表转折，起着承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2022·江苏南通高三上一诊)I was envious of my friends who got to stay at school for lunch. They __1__ the same things as the characters in our favourite TV shows. The meals we ate at home were different. One day, a classmate asked what I ate for lunch. I __2__， feeling like I'd been caught. Like most days, we'd had fried rice. “Sandwiches，” I lied. My face felt hot as I turned away, __3__ she wouldn't ask anything more. Still, there was one day of the year when Mom made an __4__ and we were allowed to stay at school for lunch. Every year, there was Chinese Day at the cafeteria to __5__ Chinese New Year. “The school is honoring our heritage，” Mom would say. The first Chinese Day lunch I can __6__ was when I was about six. I had __7__ this day for weeks. When the bell rang for lunch, I rushed to the cafeteria. As I stood in line, I imagined the __8__ they'd have waiting for us. There would be __9__， surely—every Chinese New Year meal included fish. I could explain to my friends what Mom had told us: how the __10__ for “fish” in Chinese sounded like another word meaning abundance. There would be chicken, too, probably with the head still on, because a whole chicken for Chinese New Year __11__ wholeness. The line was slowly moving forward until __12__ it was my turn. The cafeteria worker passed me my plate and I looked down. I barely __13__ anything. All I did was sit there, confused. They called this “Chinese” lunch, so why had I never __14__ it before? Those first few bites, I realized later, were my __15__ to Chinese­Canadian cuisine. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了吃中餐的作者羡慕朋友们在食堂吃饭，在食堂中餐日那天，作者抱着期待的心去吃饭，发现学校的“中餐”与作者所知的中餐并不一样。 1．A.ate B．mixed C．kept D．bought A　解析：根据上文的“I was envious of my friends who got to stay at school for lunch”和下文的“The meals we ate at home were different.”可知，作为中国人的作者在家吃的与朋友不一样，他羡慕朋友们在学校吃饭，因为朋友们吃的东西和他们最喜欢的电视节目里的人物吃的东西一样，故选A项。 2．A.quit B．froze C．fell D．changed B　解析：根据下文的“feeling like I'd been caught”可知，当被问及“午餐吃什么时”，作者感觉自己被抓包了，这是一种“冻僵(froze)”的感觉。故选B项。 3．A.figuring B．agreeing C．hoping D．regretting C　解析：根据上文的“My face felt hot as I turned away”可知，作者此时很尴尬，自然希望同学不要再问下去了。故选C项。 4．A.excuse B．exception C．impression D．appointment B　解析：excuse借口；exception例外；impression印象；appointment约会。根据全文语境可知，作者一般是在家里吃饭，所以他羡慕在食堂吃饭的同学，但在食堂庆祝中国新年的那一天，妈妈却让作者在食堂吃饭，这是一种破例的行为，固定短语make an exception(破例)，故选B项。 5．A.create B．save C．celebrate D．guide C　解析：create创造；save节约；celebrate庆祝；guide指导。根据下文的“The school is honoring our heritage”和下文语境可知，食堂为了纪念中国传统，在春节时会做中餐来庆祝中国新年，故选C项。 6．A.remember B．discover C．order D．serve A　解析：根据下文语境可知，此处指作者回忆6岁时他第一次在学校吃中国日午餐的情景，故选A项。 7．A.put up with B．looked out for C．come up with D．looked forward to D　解析：put up with忍受；looked out for留心；come up with想出；looked forward to期待。根据上文语境可知，作者一直羡慕在食堂吃饭的人，妈妈难得破例一次，所以作者很期待中国日午餐这一天，故选D项。 8．A.programme B．meal C．seat D．guest B　解析：根据上文语境可知，作者终于等到了中国日午餐这一天，排队吃饭，想象着食堂工作人员为他们准备的饭菜，故选B项。 9．A.chicken B．beef C．bacon D．fish D　解析：根据下文的“surely—every Chinese New Year meal included fish”可知，中国年夜饭中当然会有鱼，故选D项。 10．A.price B．search C．need D．word D　解析：根据设空句的“how the __10__ for ‘fish’ in Chinese sounded like another word meaning abundance”可知，此处指“鱼”这个词在中文里听起来像另一个叫“余(丰富)”的词，故选D项。 11．A.combined B．represented C．described D．predicted B　解析：combine结合；represent代表；describe描写；predict预测。由上文的“a whole chicken for Chinese New Year”可知，此处指中国新年中整只鸡代表完整，故选B项。 12．A.immediately B．usually C．finally D．recently C　解析：根据本处语境可知，队伍不断前移，最后轮到作者打饭了，故选C项。 13．A.improved B．understood C．observed D．recognized D　解析：improved提高；understood理解；observed观察；recognized认出。根据下文语境可知，作者从未见过这样的中餐，很困惑，说明作者没认出来餐盘里的食物是中餐，故选D项。 14．A.seen B．missed C．used D．read A　解析：根据上文语境可知，作者没认出来餐盘里的食物是中餐，所以对于所谓的“中国式”午餐，作者以前应该是没见过的，否则他认得出来，故选A项。 15．A.introduction B．solution C．instruction D．application A　解析：introduction介绍；solution解决方法；instruction用法说明；application申请。由全文语境可知，作者一开始没认出餐盘里的食物是中餐，不过作者的前几口就给了作者对加拿大中餐的介绍，让作者明白了这种所谓的“中国式”午餐其实是加拿大中餐，故选A项。 Ⅳ.语法填空 According to a new study, a typically Western high­fat, high­sugar junk food diet could be messing with our brain's appetite control. In the study, researchers in Australia 1.__________(feed) 100 young and healthy participants with food rich 2.__________ fat and sugar. After they followed the high­fat, high­sugar diet for a week, researchers found the volunteers scored 3.__________(badly) on memory tests and experienced a greater desire 4.__________(eat) junk food, even when they were already full. Actually, something has gone wrong with the volunteers' hippocampus(海马体), an area of the brain 5.__________ supports memory and helps to control appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus quietens down our memories of delicious food, thus 6.__________(reduce) our appetite. However, when the hippocampus doesn't function well, our brain's appetite control can be 7.__________(serious) weakened. Over the years, researches on young mice 8.________(find) the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food, but this has only recently been observed in young and healthy humans. The study provide further 9.__________(evident) that not only do such high­fat, high­sugar diets harm our memory, they also appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite. The findings also explain 10.__________ we should avoid eating junk food. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，含有高脂高糖垃圾食品的典型西方饮食会破坏大脑对食欲的控制，让你吃得更多。 1．fed　解析：考查动词的时态。这是在描述过去的一项研究，用一般过去时。 2．in　解析：考查介词。be rich in是习惯搭配，意思是“富含……”。该句中rich in fat and sugar作后置定语，修饰food。 3．worse　解析：考查形容词的比较等级。由下文中的greater可知，空格中应该也填比较级。 4．to eat　解析：考查非谓语动词。desire后常接不定式作定语，表示“做某事的欲望”。 5．that/which　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。关系代词that/which指代先行词an area of the brain, 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。 6．reducing　解析：考查非谓语动词。thus后常接现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。 7．seriously　解析：考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用serious的副词形式。 8．have found　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：近些年对幼鼠进行的广泛研究发现海马体对“垃圾食品”很敏感，但最近才在年轻健康的人群中发现这一问题。“over＋一段时间”作状语，句子谓语用现在完成时。 9．evidence　解析：考查名词。由于空格中所填单词在句中作宾语，且前面有形容词修饰，故用evident的名词形式。 10．why　解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这些发现也解释了为什么我们不应该吃垃圾食品。依据题意，这里填why引导宾语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$